DRUGS AFFECTING THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

KRISTINE GLORY DR. MENDILLO, BSN, RN

ANATOMY OF THE HEART!

UNDERSTANDING HOW THE HEART WORKS

To understand heart disease, you must first know how the heart works. The heart is like any other muscle, requiring blood to supply oxygen and nutrients for it to function. It beats about 100,000 times a day, pumping blood through your circulatory system.

The cycle of pumping blood throughout your body carries fresh oxygen to your lungs and nutrients to your body's tissues. Blood also takes waste, such as carbon dioxide, away from your tissues,. Without this process, we could not live.

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HEART CIRCULATION. GOOD TO KNOW

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Cardiac Glycosides (Heart Failure)

>Digoxin

Anti-dysrhythmic Drugs

>Cardiac Dysrhythmias

>Cardiac Action Potentials

Anti-anginal drugs

>Nitroglycerin

WHAT IS CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE?

When the heart muscle “myocardium” weakens and enlarges

It loses its ability to pump blood through the heart & into systemic circulation.

Heart failure

EITHER RIGHT-SIDED OR LEFT-SIDED HEART FAILURE

Left-sided heart failure

When the left ventricle does not contract sufficiently to pump blood returned from the lungs and the left atrium out through the aorta into the peripheral circulation

This causes excessive amount of blood in the lung tissue

Shortness of breath and Dsypnea

EITHER RIGHT-SIDED OR LEFT-SIDED HEART FAILURE

Right-sided Heart Failure

When the heart does not sufficiently pump blood returned from into the right atrium from the systemic circulation

Blood & its constituents are backed up into peripheral tissues

Peripheral edema

CHF : MEDICATIONS!

digoxin (Lanoxin)

Mode of Action:

Inhibits sodium-potassium pump,

promoting increased force of contraction, cardiac output, and tissue perfusion; decrease ventricular rate

DIGOXIN(LANOXIN)

LANOXIN (digoxin) is a cardiac glycoside, a closely related group of drugs having in common specific effects on the myocardium. These drugs are found in a number of plants. Digoxin is extracted from the leaves of Digitalis lanata. The term “digitalis” is used to designate the whole group of glycosides. The glycosides are composed of 2 portions: a sugar and a cardenolide (hence “glycosides”).

SIDE EFFECTS OF DIGOXIN

fast, slow, or uneven heart rate;

bloody or black, tarry stools;

blurred vision, yellowed vision; or

confusion, hallucinations, unusual thoughts or behavior.

Less serious side effects may include:

mild nausea, vomiting, diarrhea;

feeling weak or...

CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE: MEDICATIONS

furosemide (Lasix)

For acute pulmonary edema from left ventricular function; hypertensive crisis

BEFORE USING FUROSEMIDE(LASIX)…

Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: kidney problems, liver problems, inability to make urine, gout, lupus.

If you have diabetes, furosemide may affect your blood sugar level. Check your blood sugar level regularly as directed and share the results with your doctor. Your doctor may need to adjust your diabetes medication or diet.

Furosemide may reduce the potassium level in your blood. Your doctor may instruct you to add potassium-rich foods to...

STOP USING FUROSEMIDE IF

ringing in your ears, hearing loss;

feeling very thirsty or hot, being unable to urinate, heavy sweating, or hot and dry skin;

painful or difficult urination;

pale skin, unusual bleeding (nose, mouth, vagina, or rectum), purple or red pinpoint spots under your skin;

feeling light-headed or short of...

WHAT IS ANGINA PECTORIS?

This is a condition of acute cardiac pain caused by inadequate blood flow to the myocardium due to either plaque occlusions within or spasms of the coronary artery

ANGINA : MEDICATIONS

nitroglycerin (Nitrostat)

Mode of action:

Decreases myocardial demand of oxygen

NITROGLYCERINE(NITROSTAT)

NITROSTAT is a stabilized sublingual compressed nitroglycerin tablet that contains 0.3 mg, 0.4 mg , or 0.6 mg nitroglycerin;

Nitroglycerin, an organic nitrate, is a vasodilating agent.

The chemical name for nitroglycerin is 1, 2, 3 propanetriol trinitrate and the chemical structure is:

SIDE EFFECTS OF NITROGLYCERINE

fast, slow, pounding, or uneven heart rate;

blurred vision or dry mouth;

nausea, vomiting, sweating, pale skin, feeling like you might pass out; or

fever, sore throat, and headache with a severe blistering, peeling, and red skin rash.

SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS!

Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: anemia, low blood pressure, loss of too much body water (dehydration), other heart problems (such as recent heart attack).

This drug may make you dizzy. Do not drive, use machinery, or..

THE END