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Drug Awareness
Cst. Kevin FoleyCst. Kevin FoleyCommunity ServiceCommunity Service
709-729-8672709-729-8672
What's What's Current?Current?
Student drug use survey 2012 Nova Scotia Student drug use survey 2012 Nova Scotia
Drug CategoriesDrug Categories CNS CNS DepressantsDepressants CNS CNS StimulantsStimulants HallucinogensHallucinogens CannabisCannabis Opioid Analgesics (Narcotics) Opioid Analgesics (Narcotics) Inhalants Inhalants Anabolic SteroidsAnabolic Steroids
DepressantsDepressants
Slows down or depression of the Central Nervous system Slows down or depression of the Central Nervous system False sense of confidenceFalse sense of confidenceInhibitions are loweredInhibitions are loweredThinking, speaking slowerThinking, speaking slowerMore energy (initially)More energy (initially)
Alcohol Librium
Rohypnol Valium
Ativan GHB
Ketamine DXM
Stimulant DrugsStimulant Drugs
Speeds up or excites the central nervous systemSpeeds up or excites the central nervous systemEuphoriaEuphoriaSuppresses appetite Suppresses appetite Increases alertness, endurance and energy Increases alertness, endurance and energy Psychological and physical dependence can developPsychological and physical dependence can develop
•Cocaine
•Crack Cocaine
•Crystal Meth
•Ritalin
•Nicotine
•Caffeine
Narcotics / OpiatesNarcotics / OpiatesHighly addictive painkillersHighly addictive painkillersProduces a sense of euphoria or well beingProduces a sense of euphoria or well beingAlters perceptionAlters perceptionPhysical and psychologically addictivePhysical and psychologically addictive
• Heroin HydromorphoneHeroin Hydromorphone
• Morphine FentanylMorphine Fentanyl
• CodeineCodeine
• OpiumOpium
• MethadoneMethadone
• Percocet/ PercodanPercocet/ Percodan
• Oxycontin (Oxycodone)Oxycontin (Oxycodone)
• DilaudidDilaudid
HallucinogensHallucinogens
Affects the mind and the senses Affects the mind and the senses Cause hallucinations and distort one’s sense of realityCause hallucinations and distort one’s sense of realityAffects perception, emotion and mental processesAffects perception, emotion and mental processesPsychological dependencePsychological dependence
• LSD ( Acid)LSD ( Acid)
• Psilocybin (magic mushrooms)Psilocybin (magic mushrooms)
• PCP PCP
• PeyotePeyote
• MescalineMescaline
InhalantsInhalantsDepressant drugs Depressant drugs Produce feelings of euphoria, light headedness Produce feelings of euphoria, light headedness Slow down the body functions such as breathingSlow down the body functions such as breathingUse can cause brain damage and deathUse can cause brain damage and death
•Gasoline
•Shoe polish
•Paint remover
•Hair spray
•Liquid paper
What is the most abused Drug in the world today?
AlcoholIs the most widely abused substance in the world.
There are 76.3 million persons in the world with
Alcohol abuse disorders
Alcohol causes 2 million deaths annually.
CannabisThe most used illegal The most used illegal substance in Canadasubstance in Canada
Marijuana, Hashish, Marijuana, Hashish, Hash OilHash Oil
Honey Oil & Weed OilHoney Oil & Weed Oil
THC is the psychoactive THC is the psychoactive ingredient ingredient
THC levels much higher THC levels much higher today today
THC Levels30 years ago 3% to 5% THC
TO DATE 31% THC
The Norm 15% to 20% THC
CannabisCannabis
Alters mood, thinking, perceptions, behaviorAlters mood, thinking, perceptions, behavior “ “Laid back” and/ or paranoidLaid back” and/ or paranoid
Short term memory effectedShort term memory effectedMotivation impacted: a motivational syndromeMotivation impacted: a motivational syndromePhysical & Psychological dependence can Physical & Psychological dependence can developdevelopSenses affected - increaseSenses affected - increaseIncreased Heart RateIncreased Heart RateRed/Bloodshot eyes/dry mouthRed/Bloodshot eyes/dry mouthIncreased appetiteIncreased appetite
Cannabis MarijuanaLONG TERM EFFECTSLONG TERM EFFECTS Addiction (physical & psychological)Addiction (physical & psychological) ParanoiaParanoia Personal potential not metPersonal potential not met Persistent anxietyPersistent anxiety Impairs learning skillsImpairs learning skills Memory difficultiesMemory difficulties
Cannabis MarijuanaCost:Cost:
$20- gram$20- gram
( 1 gram = 2-3 joints)( 1 gram = 2-3 joints)
( 1 joint = 2 hr. high)( 1 joint = 2 hr. high)
$320 to $350 - oz.$320 to $350 - oz.
STREET NamesPot Weed
Grass MaryJane
Green Bud
Dope Hydro
Packaging
CocaineCrystalline Powder and Crystalline Powder and Crack CocaineCrack Cocaine
From leaves of Coca From leaves of Coca bush in South Americabush in South America
Snorted, injected or Snorted, injected or smoked smoked
Effects last 3 - 4 hours Effects last 3 - 4 hours if snortedif snorted
Effects last 10 minutes Effects last 10 minutes if smoked (Crack)if smoked (Crack)
Adulterants added to Adulterants added to cocainecocaine
DextrosDextros “Vitiman C”“Vitiman C”
Baking SodaBaking Soda LidocaineLidocaine
NovacainNovacain Benzocaine Benzocaine
Talcum PowderTalcum Powder Baby LaxativeBaby Laxative
AjaxAjax
LavamsoleLavamsole Other DrugsOther Drugs
Cocaine & Levamisole
Antiparasitic drug used by veterinarians to treat worm infestations
Authorities believe the drug is added in Columbia
DEA testing laboratories report that more than 70% of the illicit cocaine analyzed in 2009 was positive for levamisole (up from 30% in 2008)
Cocaine & Levamisole
almost 80% who test positive for cocaine also test positive for levamisole
Sept 2009 - 20 confirmed or probable cases of agranulocytosis, including 2 deaths (an acute febrile condition marked by severe decrease in white blood cells)
Doctors who treat drug overdoses at times have no idea this is going on.
Levamisole SymptomsSymptoms
It weakens the body’s immune system and leavespatients vulnerable to infections which Include:
high fever swollen glands painful sores on the mouth or anus lingering infections, including sore throat mouth sores skin infections Abscesses pneumonia
PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTSof Cocaine
Increases AlertnessWakefulnessConcentration & energyIrritability & restlessnessElevates the mood mild/high euphoriaDecreases fatigue (insomnia) High doses may exhibit a pattern of
psychosis fear paranoia hallucinations confused and disorganized behavior
May become extremely antisocial and aggressive
PHYSICAL EFFECTS
Increases heart rate blood pressure body temperature speed of respiration sweating
DecreasesDecreases sleep appetite
seizure threshold Associated with seizures,
strokes, and heart attacks.
Packaging
$$ Cocaine Prices $$
Cocaine (Powder)
$40 ½ gm $80 gm$220 8 ball 1/8 oz$1100 - $1600 oz
Crack (Rock)
$50 - .3 gm (one hit)– 10 minute duration10 minute duration
Acid (LSD)
Lysergic Acid DiethylamideHallucinogen
Sold in paper blotter or micro-dot tablets $5 a hit
Synthesized from fungus grown on grain
Effects last 5 to 12 hours
Can cause serious and lasting mental illness
Acid (LSD)The effects of LSD are unpredictableDepends
– Amount taken Personality– Mood Expectations– Surroundings
Effects– Felt 30-90 minutes – Dilated pupils– Higher body temperature– Increased heart rate and blood pressure– Sweating– loss of appetite– Sleeplessness– Dry mouth– Tremors.
PSILOCYBIN“Magic Mushrooms”
Restricted Drug
Fungi - mushroom
Effects last several hours
Effects
Same as L.S.D.
PSILOCYBINHallucinogenic Classified chemically as Tryptamines Most mushrooms are found in nature, but can also be produced in Clandestine Labs Doses of 10 to 20 mg. produce;
muscle relaxation dilation of pupils vivid visual and auditory distortions emotional disturbance
Signs & Symptoms
Dilated Pupils
Warm Skin
Excessive Perspiration
Body Odor
Distorted senses (sight, hearing, & touch)
Distorted image of self
Distorted sense of time perception
Impaired Coordination
Mood & Behaviour Changes
Aggressive Behaviour
Elevated Heart Rate/Blood Pressure
Unpredictable Flashback
Confusion/Disorientation
Euphoria
Street Names
BoomersMagic mushroomShroomsMuskShermSilly puttySimple simon
KETAMINE (Special K))Powerful tranquilizer
Powder or liquid form
Last up to 2 hours
Snorted in powder form
Creates dreamy, floating sensation
Numbness in extremities
Can be used as a date rape drug
KETAMINESimilar to phencyclidine (PCP) Molecule & creates Similar to phencyclidine (PCP) Molecule & creates similar effectssimilar effectsLow doses Low doses (25-100mg) known as “K-Land,” “K-Land,”
a mellow, colorful “wonder world”a mellow, colorful “wonder world”Higher doses known as K-Hole, out of body, near-death Higher doses known as K-Hole, out of body, near-death experienceexperienceNo feeling of pain, cause injury No feeling of pain, cause injury May relieve tension and anxietyMay relieve tension and anxietyPurported to be a sexual stimulantPurported to be a sexual stimulant1 Gram can cause Death1 Gram can cause Death‘‘High' usually last 1 hour, can last 4-6 hrsHigh' usually last 1 hour, can last 4-6 hrs24-48 hours "normal" again24-48 hours "normal" againphysical and/or psychological dependence can occur
GHB (GAMMA-
HYDROXYBUTYRATE)Gamma Butyrolactone (GBL) – industrialsolvent in paint thinners & wood strippers
Sodium Hydroxide – Lye, drain openers
Liquid, white powder, tablet, capsule Can be mixed with liquids & difficult to detect Odourless but alone it has a soapy or salty taste Last up to 4 hours
GHB (GAMMA-
HYDROXYBUTYRATE)Induces state of relaxation
Euphoric effects
Known as G, liquid X, caps,
scoop, goop, Georgia Home Boy, Grievous Bodily Harm.
No trace 24 to 48 hours
Also a Date Rape Drug
Ecstasy (MDMA)
Powerful stimulant related to Methamphetamine
Stimulates the release of Serotonin
Classified as both a
stimulant / hallucinogen
High lasts 1 to 6 hours
Known as the Love Drug or
Club Drug
Colors, shapes, symbols or logos,
appealing giving false impression
it is safe
80% seized are other drugs
$5 to $15 pill
BZP, TFMPP, Foxy MethoxyBZP, TFMPP, Foxy Methoxy
BZP, TFMPP, Foxy MethoxyBZP, TFMPP, Foxy Methoxy
Used Antiparasitic Drug to get rid of Fleas & Ticks in sheep herds.
Used as single chemical or combination to mimic the effects of Ecstasy.
Does not last as long and is extremely toxic to internal organs especially the liver
Ecstasy (MDMA)Increased heart rateIncreased blood pressureIncreased body temperatureJaw and teeth clenching/muscle tensionHypertensionDehydrationChills and/or SweatingNauseaBlurred visionFaintnessDizzinessConfusionInsomniaParanoia
EcstasyEcstasy (MDMA)
MEDICAL COMPLICATIONS:LARGE DOSE
Muscle breakdownHyperthermiakidney failureHeart attack
LONG TERMLONG TERM DepressionDepressionSleep disordersSleep disordersParanoiaParanoiaDrug cravingDrug cravingPersistent elevation of anxietyPersistent elevation of anxietyLiver damageLiver damageBrain damageBrain damageParalysisParalysisPossible others pending researchPossible others pending research
Street NamesE XTC Rolls Adam The Club Drug Designer Drug The Party Drug Hug Drug Disco Biscuits White Doves New Yorkers Love Drug Lover’s speedBombs
BATH SALTS
Available since 2007
Popular at rave & dance clubs in Europe and the
UK
No withdrawal effects
Sold online usually as plant food
or bath salts
Bath SaltsA very scary stimulant with psychoactive Properties. The chemicals are synthetic derivatives of Cathinone:
MDPV - Methylenedioxypyrovalerone
Mephedrone - methylmethcathinone
Methylone – Methylenedioxymethcathinone
Flephedrone
Pryovalerone
2CB, 2CE, 2CI2CB, 2CE, 2CI
Physical/Psychological Effects
Possible psychological addiction
Effects can last 2 to 4 hours
depending on method of ingestion
Effects within 2 to 15 min.
Bath SaltsBath SaltsSold in powder form in in small plastic or
foil packages
200 to 500 mg/package. Powder varies from fine white, off white, or slightly
yellow.
Also found in Tablet or capsule form
Sold on internet $25 to $50
Sell on the Internet for $25.00 to $50.00
Physical/Psychological EFFECTS
Agitation Paranoia/delusionsInsomnia IrritabilityDizziness DepressionHallucinations Chest painSuicide High blood pressure Increased pulse rate Nose bleedsNose burns Nausea Vomiting AnxietySweating Dilated pupilsAggression Cold or blue fingers
User also report impaired perception ofreality, reduced motor control and decreased ability to think clearly.
How It’s Used Snorted
Taken as a pill
Injected
Mixed in a drink
It's rarely smoked
Bath SALTSBath SALTSStreet names:
Drone Bubbles
Meow Meow
Molly 4-MMC
MCAT MM-cat
Stardust Krabba
Sunshine Ivory Wave
Purple Wave
Vanilla Sky Bliss
OXYCONTINOXYCONTIN
Semi-synthetic form of opium
Similar in effect to Codeine,
Methadone & Morphine
Used to treat moderate to severe pain
Known as Oxy's, OC's, Killer's, Poor
Man's Heroin, Hillbilly Heroin
CNS Depressant
Highly addictive
Patent expired
Why People Use Oxy’s
Euphoric effectEuphoric effect
Mitigate painMitigate pain
Avoid withdrawalAvoid withdrawal
Consistent dosage Consistent dosage
Clean drug compared to Clean drug compared to street drugs street drugs
$ Cost of Addiction $$50 per 80mg. Tab
$150 per day - moderate addiction 3 tabs per day (IV)
$400 – $500 per day heavy addiction 8 to 10 tabs per day (IV)
Crystal MethStrong CNS stimulantStrong CNS stimulant
Can be Snorted, Smoked, Can be Snorted, Smoked, Ingested or InjectedIngested or Injected
Lasts 12-16 hoursLasts 12-16 hours intense rushintense rush more extreme than Crackmore extreme than Crack
Releases high levels ofReleases high levels of dopaminedopamine
Extremely addictiveExtremely addictive
Why Crystal Meth ?More PowerfulMore Powerful than cocainethan cocaine
LastsLasts 3-4 times as long3-4 times as long as Cocaineas Cocaine
CheaperCheaper than cocainethan cocaine
Easily producedEasily produced in simple home in simple home based labs and ingredientsbased labs and ingredientsreadily available readily available
Why Meth is So Addictive?
Drug induced levels of Dopamine:Drug induced levels of Dopamine: Ethanol 200Ethanol 200 Cocaine 350Cocaine 350 Crack 750Crack 750 Meth 1400 (Major reward for 14 hrs.!!)Meth 1400 (Major reward for 14 hrs.!!)
Dopamine Transporters get decreased due to flooding Dopamine Transporters get decreased due to flooding of high levels for an extended timeof high levels for an extended time
Brain is destroyed and effects are similar to Parkinson'sBrain is destroyed and effects are similar to Parkinson'sdiseasedisease
Why Meth is so addictiveMeth affects the following brain centersMeth affects the following brain centers
Reward centers Memory Judgment Emotion
Craving is intense which does not go away
Addicts clean for 10 years, have cravings when Meth is
discussed
How Do I Recognize Meth Users
Violent and erratic behavior
Gaunt look, Sore oily skin Skin twitching Anhedonia – inability to experience pleasure Dryness of mucous membranes Tremors Rapid Weight Loss
Paranoid/Suspicious Sleeplessness and
severe depression Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea Extreme irritability and Anxiety Seizures Nervousness
How Do I Recognize Meth Users
Weight loss
Cough, sinus infections
Burnt or blistered lips and/or fingers tips fromholding hot "Ice Pipes"
Teeth grinding, bad teeth, sweating, and body odor
Skin ulceration and infections, the result of pickingat the skin at imaginary bugs.
Meth forms & $$
Normally a powder or glass
like shards
Packaged in bags, gel caps,
condoms
Sells for $10 - $15 a point or
$80 - $120 a gram
1 pt. is equal to 1/10 gram
Powder could be white, clear,
green, blue, pink, yellow, etc
The Language of Meth Users
Crank, meth, crystal, ice: methamphetamineCOOKING: making methSPUN: highRIG: hypodermic needleRUN: multiple days of using meth without sleepingCRASH: long period of sleep following a runTWEEKING: going on a long runTWEAKER: chronic meth userSHADOW PEOPLE: image commonly cited by methusers in periods of paranoia
BURNT FINGERS FROM an ICE PIPE
Beauty and the Beast The Same Person on
Meth
Newfoundland & Labrador (CADUMS 2008)
Newfoundland & Labrador have the highest percentage of heavy drinking in the country (9.4%)
Cannabis use in Newfoundland & Labrador is reported to be 9.8%
In Newfoundland & Labrador, illicit drug use (excluding cannabis) is reported to be 2.9%
Canadian Alcohol and Drug Use Monitoring Survey (2008)
Community ResourcesCommunity Resources
Alcoholics Anonymous 579-5215Information Line 579-6091Narcotics Anonymous 579-4290Regional Meeting List 1-800-205-8420Gambling Crisis Line 1-888-899-4357Recovery Centre 752-4980Rowan Centre- Adolescent Day Program 752-4919 (Contact Addiction Services)
Addictions Services, St. John's Office 752-4919Addictions Services – Opioid (Methadone) Clinic 752-4478LeMarchant House 777-3622Waterford Hospital Addictions Program 777-3330Credit Counseling 753-5812Janeway Community Mental Health Division:Adolescent House 777-5180Mental Health Crisis Center (Crisis Line ONLY) 737-4668Toll Free Line (Crisis Line ONLY) 1-888-737-4668General Office Line 737-4271Smokers Help Line 722-1867Toll Free Line 1-800-363-5864
Aids Committee of NL 579-8656 Toll Free 1-800-563-1575
Drug Recognition Experts Drug Recognition Experts (DRE’s)(DRE’s)
Specially Trained Police Officers Specially Trained Police Officers
Sobriety TestingSobriety Testing– Blood / Urine testBlood / Urine test– Blood PressureBlood Pressure– Pupil DilationPupil Dilation