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Drug and Alcohol Prevalence in Seriously and Fatality Injured Road Users
Texas Traffic Safety Conference
Amy BerningNHTSArsquos Office of Behavioral Safety Research
July 2021
2
Objectivebull Examine prevalence of legal and illegal drugs in drivers and other road users
who are seriously- or fatally-injured and present directly to selected Level 1 trauma centers and to morgueso Driverso Passengerso Pedestrianso Bicyclistso Motorcyclistso Scooter Riders
bull Examine prevalence from months prior to COVID-19 to those months after
bull In Fall 2020 NHTSA began series of special reports examining COVIDTraffic Safety ndash we now have 4 research reports updating issue
Research Partners
bull Level 1 Trauma Centers
bull Medical Examiners
Blood already
collected by medical staff
Forensic Toxicology Lab
bull Testing for ~ 70 drugs- over-the-counter- prescription- illegal
Road Users
bull Driversbull Passengersbull Pedestriansbull Bicyclistsbull Motorcyclistsbull Scooters
Crash Outcomesbull Serious Injurybull Fatality
De-Indentified
NHTSArsquos Drug and Alcohol Prevalence in Seriously and Fatally Injured Road Users
Dunlap and Associates Inc
National Institutes of Healthbull Testing for Covid-19
UMass Memorial Center Worcester MA
R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center Baltimore MD
Carolinas Medical Center Charlotte NC
UF Health Trauma One Jacksonville FL
Ryder Trauma Center Miami FL
University of Iowa Health Care ndash Iowa City IA
UC Davis Health Sacramento CA
Time Framebull Data Collection began in late 2019
bull Staggered start across sites (quantity of pre-COVID data varies by site)
bull Trauma centers began haltingreducing data collection as only ldquoessential researchrdquo allowed during COVID-19 public health emergency
bull In Spring 2020 we revised protocol to allow for SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing by National Institutes of Health data collection restarted at all sites
bull Toxicology results available before and during the public health emergency
bull Interim results here cover through December 2020
bull Data collection continues through July 2021 - Expect about 7500 blood samples
4
5
Most Recent Update - Through Fourth Quarter of 2020
6Drivers Positive for Drug Category by Yearrsquos QuarterEnd of 2019
Q4 2019 (N=409)
Begin 2020 Early COVID
Q1 2020 (N=536)
Quarter 2
Q2 2020 (N=404)
Quarter 3
Q3 2020 (N=603)
Quarter 4
Q4 2020 (N=474)Drug Category n n n n n
Alcohol 90 220 137 256 102 252 166 275 127 268
Cannabinoids 78 191 118 220 133 329AB 155 257 130 274A
Stimulants 36 88 60 112 41 101 64 106 42 89
Sedatives 42 103 35 65 34 84 48 80 33 70
Opioids 28 68 52 97 60 149A 88 146A 44 93
Antidepressants 11 27 12 22 1 02A 4 07 4 08
Over-the-Counter 4 10 22 41 6 15 10 17 8 17
Other Drugs 7 17 9 17 3 07 17 28 10 21
At Least 1 Category 211 516 292 545 260 644AB 366 607A 266 561
Multiple Categories 69 169 120 224 92 228 150 249A 108 228
A Significantly different (p lt 05) compared to Q4 2019 periodB Significantly different (p lt 05) compared to Q1 2020 periodhttpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot56125
7
Motorcyclists Positive for Drug Category by Quarter
Drug CategoryQ4 2019 (N=61) Q1 2020 (N=111) Q2 2020 (N=137) Q3 2020 (N=213) Q4 2020 (N=125)
n n n n n
Alcohol 11 180 21 189 42 307 63 296 31 248
Cannabinoids 14 230 30 270 50 365 61 286 35 280
Opioids 2 33 4 36 7 51 19 89 7 56
Stimulants 6 98 5 45 8 58 19 89 11 88
Sedatives 2 33 7 63 7 51 22 103 6 48
Antidepressants 0 00 0 00 1 07 3 14 1 08
Over-the-Counter 0 00 1 09 0 00 0 00 0 00
Other Drugs 2 33 0 00 4 29 8 38 5 40
At Least 1 Category 27 443 51 459 85 620 135 634B 72 576
Multiple Categories 7 115 15 135 28 204 49 230 18 144
B Significantly different (p lt 05) compared to Q1 2020
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot56125
8
Motorcyclists Helmet Use by Quarter
Q4 2019 (N=57) Q1 2020 (N=105) Q2 2020 (N=122) Q3 2020 (N=205) Q4 2020 (N=117)n n n n n
Helmet Used
44 772 69 657 93 762 141 688 68 581C
C Significantly different (p lt 05) from Q2 2020Note Cases with unknown helmet use are excluded from this table and analysishttpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot56125
9
Pedestrians Positive for Drug Category by Quarter
Q4 2019 (N=106) Q1 2020 (N=162) Q2 2020 (N=105) Q3 2020 (N=172) Q4 2020 (N=144)n n n n n
Alcohol 20 189 46 284 31 295 53 308 36 250
Cannabinoids 23 217 27 167 31 295 38 221 34 236
Stimulants 10 94 23 142 16 152 21 122 14 97
Sedatives 9 85 14 86 10 95 19 110 14 97
Opioids 9 85 10 62 13 124 23 134 25 174B
Antidepressants 3 28 2 12 1 10 2 12 1 07
Over-the-Counter 2 19 6 37 4 38 4 23 2 14
Other Drugs 4 38 1 06 1 10 6 35 4 28
At Least 1 Category 52 491 86 531 68 648 108 628 88 611
Multiple Categories 16 151 35 216 29 276 44 256 34 236
B Significantly different (p lt 05) compared to Q1 2020 periodhttpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
10
Earlier Interim Results
11
Driver Seat Belt Use Before and During COVID(through September 2020)
Before COVID(N=809)
March 1720 ndash71820(N=388)
71920 ndash 93020(N=356)
Belt Use n n n
Belted 632 781 278 716 A 266 747
Unbelted 177 219 110 284 A 90 253
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
Driversrsquo BAC RangesBefore COVID
(N= 1157)
March 17 to July 18 2020
(N=699)July 19 to September 30 2020
BAC Range (in gdL) n 95 CI n 95 CI n 95 CI
00 (No Alcohol) 905 782 [758 805] 501 717A [682 749] 453 708A [672 742]
02 - 049 9 08 [04 14] 14 20 [12 32] 16 25A [15 39]
05 - 079 22 19 [12 28] 13 18 [10 31] 7 11 [05 21]
08 - 149 64 55 [43 70] 44 63 [47 83] 45 70 [52 92]
15 +157 136 [117 156] 127 182A [154 212] 119 186A [157 217]
12
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
Take-Aways Limitationsbull From data at selected trauma centers of seriously and fatally injured road users
drug and alcohol prevalence is a cause for concern o Drivers in particular showed significantly higher drug prevalence during the public health
emergency with 647 testing positive (at least one category) compared to 508 before
o Opioid prevalence among drivers more than doubled from Q4 2019 (68) to Q2 2020 (149) and Q3 2020 (146)
o Cannabis (active THC) prevalence increased among drivers and was more prevalent than alcohol during Q2 2020
bull The study is measuring prevalence not impairment or crash risk
bull Data collection was at 5 sites - not chosen for representativeness which limits the generalizability of the findings
13
14
NHTSA Publications October 2020 October 2020 January 2021
Drug and Alcohol Prevalence in Seriously and Fatally Injured Road Users Before and During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency
Examination of the Traffic Safety Environment During the Second Quarter of 2020Special Report
Update to Special Reports on Traffic Safety During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency Third Quarter Data Third Quarter Data
httpswwwnhtsagovbehavioral-research
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50941
httpswwwnhtsagovbehavioral-research
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
httpswwwnhtsagovbehavioral-research
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
15
NHTSA Publications May 2021 June 2021 June 2021
Early Estimate of Motor Vehicle Traffic Fatalities in 2020
Early Estimates of Motor Vehicle Traffic Fatalities and Fatality Rate by Sub-Categories in 2020
Update to Special Reports on Traffic Safety During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency Fourth Quarter Data Research Note Traffic Safety Facts
httpscrashstatsnhtsadotgovApiPublicViewPublication813115
httpscrashstatsnhtsadotgovApiPublicViewPublication813118
httpswwwnhtsagovbehavioral-researchhttpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot56125
16
NIHrsquos Research on SARS-CoV-2 Positivity
bull To keep our Drug Prevalence study going in Spring 2020 partnered with NIH and share our (de-indentified) blood samples o Testing our samples for SARS-CoV-2o Working on journal article on positivity rate of seriously injured road users o Will then compare results with existing sample they had ofo Kaitlyn Sadtler PhD
Chief Section for Immuno-EngineeringNational Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering National Institutes of Health
Amy Berning Research PsychologistNHTSArsquos Office of Behavioral Safety Researchamyberningdotgov
Drug and Alcohol Prevalence study -Dennis Thomas Principal InvestigatorDunlap and Associates Inc
Thomas F D Berning A Darrah J Graham L Blomberg R Griggs C Crandall M Schulman C Kozar R Neavyn M Cunningham K Ehsani J Fell J Whitehill J Babu K Lai J and Rayner M (2020 October) Drug and alcohol prevalence in seriously and fatally injured road users before and during the COVID-19 public health emergency (DOT HS 813 018) National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
2
Objectivebull Examine prevalence of legal and illegal drugs in drivers and other road users
who are seriously- or fatally-injured and present directly to selected Level 1 trauma centers and to morgueso Driverso Passengerso Pedestrianso Bicyclistso Motorcyclistso Scooter Riders
bull Examine prevalence from months prior to COVID-19 to those months after
bull In Fall 2020 NHTSA began series of special reports examining COVIDTraffic Safety ndash we now have 4 research reports updating issue
Research Partners
bull Level 1 Trauma Centers
bull Medical Examiners
Blood already
collected by medical staff
Forensic Toxicology Lab
bull Testing for ~ 70 drugs- over-the-counter- prescription- illegal
Road Users
bull Driversbull Passengersbull Pedestriansbull Bicyclistsbull Motorcyclistsbull Scooters
Crash Outcomesbull Serious Injurybull Fatality
De-Indentified
NHTSArsquos Drug and Alcohol Prevalence in Seriously and Fatally Injured Road Users
Dunlap and Associates Inc
National Institutes of Healthbull Testing for Covid-19
UMass Memorial Center Worcester MA
R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center Baltimore MD
Carolinas Medical Center Charlotte NC
UF Health Trauma One Jacksonville FL
Ryder Trauma Center Miami FL
University of Iowa Health Care ndash Iowa City IA
UC Davis Health Sacramento CA
Time Framebull Data Collection began in late 2019
bull Staggered start across sites (quantity of pre-COVID data varies by site)
bull Trauma centers began haltingreducing data collection as only ldquoessential researchrdquo allowed during COVID-19 public health emergency
bull In Spring 2020 we revised protocol to allow for SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing by National Institutes of Health data collection restarted at all sites
bull Toxicology results available before and during the public health emergency
bull Interim results here cover through December 2020
bull Data collection continues through July 2021 - Expect about 7500 blood samples
4
5
Most Recent Update - Through Fourth Quarter of 2020
6Drivers Positive for Drug Category by Yearrsquos QuarterEnd of 2019
Q4 2019 (N=409)
Begin 2020 Early COVID
Q1 2020 (N=536)
Quarter 2
Q2 2020 (N=404)
Quarter 3
Q3 2020 (N=603)
Quarter 4
Q4 2020 (N=474)Drug Category n n n n n
Alcohol 90 220 137 256 102 252 166 275 127 268
Cannabinoids 78 191 118 220 133 329AB 155 257 130 274A
Stimulants 36 88 60 112 41 101 64 106 42 89
Sedatives 42 103 35 65 34 84 48 80 33 70
Opioids 28 68 52 97 60 149A 88 146A 44 93
Antidepressants 11 27 12 22 1 02A 4 07 4 08
Over-the-Counter 4 10 22 41 6 15 10 17 8 17
Other Drugs 7 17 9 17 3 07 17 28 10 21
At Least 1 Category 211 516 292 545 260 644AB 366 607A 266 561
Multiple Categories 69 169 120 224 92 228 150 249A 108 228
A Significantly different (p lt 05) compared to Q4 2019 periodB Significantly different (p lt 05) compared to Q1 2020 periodhttpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot56125
7
Motorcyclists Positive for Drug Category by Quarter
Drug CategoryQ4 2019 (N=61) Q1 2020 (N=111) Q2 2020 (N=137) Q3 2020 (N=213) Q4 2020 (N=125)
n n n n n
Alcohol 11 180 21 189 42 307 63 296 31 248
Cannabinoids 14 230 30 270 50 365 61 286 35 280
Opioids 2 33 4 36 7 51 19 89 7 56
Stimulants 6 98 5 45 8 58 19 89 11 88
Sedatives 2 33 7 63 7 51 22 103 6 48
Antidepressants 0 00 0 00 1 07 3 14 1 08
Over-the-Counter 0 00 1 09 0 00 0 00 0 00
Other Drugs 2 33 0 00 4 29 8 38 5 40
At Least 1 Category 27 443 51 459 85 620 135 634B 72 576
Multiple Categories 7 115 15 135 28 204 49 230 18 144
B Significantly different (p lt 05) compared to Q1 2020
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot56125
8
Motorcyclists Helmet Use by Quarter
Q4 2019 (N=57) Q1 2020 (N=105) Q2 2020 (N=122) Q3 2020 (N=205) Q4 2020 (N=117)n n n n n
Helmet Used
44 772 69 657 93 762 141 688 68 581C
C Significantly different (p lt 05) from Q2 2020Note Cases with unknown helmet use are excluded from this table and analysishttpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot56125
9
Pedestrians Positive for Drug Category by Quarter
Q4 2019 (N=106) Q1 2020 (N=162) Q2 2020 (N=105) Q3 2020 (N=172) Q4 2020 (N=144)n n n n n
Alcohol 20 189 46 284 31 295 53 308 36 250
Cannabinoids 23 217 27 167 31 295 38 221 34 236
Stimulants 10 94 23 142 16 152 21 122 14 97
Sedatives 9 85 14 86 10 95 19 110 14 97
Opioids 9 85 10 62 13 124 23 134 25 174B
Antidepressants 3 28 2 12 1 10 2 12 1 07
Over-the-Counter 2 19 6 37 4 38 4 23 2 14
Other Drugs 4 38 1 06 1 10 6 35 4 28
At Least 1 Category 52 491 86 531 68 648 108 628 88 611
Multiple Categories 16 151 35 216 29 276 44 256 34 236
B Significantly different (p lt 05) compared to Q1 2020 periodhttpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
10
Earlier Interim Results
11
Driver Seat Belt Use Before and During COVID(through September 2020)
Before COVID(N=809)
March 1720 ndash71820(N=388)
71920 ndash 93020(N=356)
Belt Use n n n
Belted 632 781 278 716 A 266 747
Unbelted 177 219 110 284 A 90 253
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
Driversrsquo BAC RangesBefore COVID
(N= 1157)
March 17 to July 18 2020
(N=699)July 19 to September 30 2020
BAC Range (in gdL) n 95 CI n 95 CI n 95 CI
00 (No Alcohol) 905 782 [758 805] 501 717A [682 749] 453 708A [672 742]
02 - 049 9 08 [04 14] 14 20 [12 32] 16 25A [15 39]
05 - 079 22 19 [12 28] 13 18 [10 31] 7 11 [05 21]
08 - 149 64 55 [43 70] 44 63 [47 83] 45 70 [52 92]
15 +157 136 [117 156] 127 182A [154 212] 119 186A [157 217]
12
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
Take-Aways Limitationsbull From data at selected trauma centers of seriously and fatally injured road users
drug and alcohol prevalence is a cause for concern o Drivers in particular showed significantly higher drug prevalence during the public health
emergency with 647 testing positive (at least one category) compared to 508 before
o Opioid prevalence among drivers more than doubled from Q4 2019 (68) to Q2 2020 (149) and Q3 2020 (146)
o Cannabis (active THC) prevalence increased among drivers and was more prevalent than alcohol during Q2 2020
bull The study is measuring prevalence not impairment or crash risk
bull Data collection was at 5 sites - not chosen for representativeness which limits the generalizability of the findings
13
14
NHTSA Publications October 2020 October 2020 January 2021
Drug and Alcohol Prevalence in Seriously and Fatally Injured Road Users Before and During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency
Examination of the Traffic Safety Environment During the Second Quarter of 2020Special Report
Update to Special Reports on Traffic Safety During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency Third Quarter Data Third Quarter Data
httpswwwnhtsagovbehavioral-research
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50941
httpswwwnhtsagovbehavioral-research
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
httpswwwnhtsagovbehavioral-research
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
15
NHTSA Publications May 2021 June 2021 June 2021
Early Estimate of Motor Vehicle Traffic Fatalities in 2020
Early Estimates of Motor Vehicle Traffic Fatalities and Fatality Rate by Sub-Categories in 2020
Update to Special Reports on Traffic Safety During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency Fourth Quarter Data Research Note Traffic Safety Facts
httpscrashstatsnhtsadotgovApiPublicViewPublication813115
httpscrashstatsnhtsadotgovApiPublicViewPublication813118
httpswwwnhtsagovbehavioral-researchhttpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot56125
16
NIHrsquos Research on SARS-CoV-2 Positivity
bull To keep our Drug Prevalence study going in Spring 2020 partnered with NIH and share our (de-indentified) blood samples o Testing our samples for SARS-CoV-2o Working on journal article on positivity rate of seriously injured road users o Will then compare results with existing sample they had ofo Kaitlyn Sadtler PhD
Chief Section for Immuno-EngineeringNational Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering National Institutes of Health
Amy Berning Research PsychologistNHTSArsquos Office of Behavioral Safety Researchamyberningdotgov
Drug and Alcohol Prevalence study -Dennis Thomas Principal InvestigatorDunlap and Associates Inc
Thomas F D Berning A Darrah J Graham L Blomberg R Griggs C Crandall M Schulman C Kozar R Neavyn M Cunningham K Ehsani J Fell J Whitehill J Babu K Lai J and Rayner M (2020 October) Drug and alcohol prevalence in seriously and fatally injured road users before and during the COVID-19 public health emergency (DOT HS 813 018) National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
Research Partners
bull Level 1 Trauma Centers
bull Medical Examiners
Blood already
collected by medical staff
Forensic Toxicology Lab
bull Testing for ~ 70 drugs- over-the-counter- prescription- illegal
Road Users
bull Driversbull Passengersbull Pedestriansbull Bicyclistsbull Motorcyclistsbull Scooters
Crash Outcomesbull Serious Injurybull Fatality
De-Indentified
NHTSArsquos Drug and Alcohol Prevalence in Seriously and Fatally Injured Road Users
Dunlap and Associates Inc
National Institutes of Healthbull Testing for Covid-19
UMass Memorial Center Worcester MA
R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center Baltimore MD
Carolinas Medical Center Charlotte NC
UF Health Trauma One Jacksonville FL
Ryder Trauma Center Miami FL
University of Iowa Health Care ndash Iowa City IA
UC Davis Health Sacramento CA
Time Framebull Data Collection began in late 2019
bull Staggered start across sites (quantity of pre-COVID data varies by site)
bull Trauma centers began haltingreducing data collection as only ldquoessential researchrdquo allowed during COVID-19 public health emergency
bull In Spring 2020 we revised protocol to allow for SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing by National Institutes of Health data collection restarted at all sites
bull Toxicology results available before and during the public health emergency
bull Interim results here cover through December 2020
bull Data collection continues through July 2021 - Expect about 7500 blood samples
4
5
Most Recent Update - Through Fourth Quarter of 2020
6Drivers Positive for Drug Category by Yearrsquos QuarterEnd of 2019
Q4 2019 (N=409)
Begin 2020 Early COVID
Q1 2020 (N=536)
Quarter 2
Q2 2020 (N=404)
Quarter 3
Q3 2020 (N=603)
Quarter 4
Q4 2020 (N=474)Drug Category n n n n n
Alcohol 90 220 137 256 102 252 166 275 127 268
Cannabinoids 78 191 118 220 133 329AB 155 257 130 274A
Stimulants 36 88 60 112 41 101 64 106 42 89
Sedatives 42 103 35 65 34 84 48 80 33 70
Opioids 28 68 52 97 60 149A 88 146A 44 93
Antidepressants 11 27 12 22 1 02A 4 07 4 08
Over-the-Counter 4 10 22 41 6 15 10 17 8 17
Other Drugs 7 17 9 17 3 07 17 28 10 21
At Least 1 Category 211 516 292 545 260 644AB 366 607A 266 561
Multiple Categories 69 169 120 224 92 228 150 249A 108 228
A Significantly different (p lt 05) compared to Q4 2019 periodB Significantly different (p lt 05) compared to Q1 2020 periodhttpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot56125
7
Motorcyclists Positive for Drug Category by Quarter
Drug CategoryQ4 2019 (N=61) Q1 2020 (N=111) Q2 2020 (N=137) Q3 2020 (N=213) Q4 2020 (N=125)
n n n n n
Alcohol 11 180 21 189 42 307 63 296 31 248
Cannabinoids 14 230 30 270 50 365 61 286 35 280
Opioids 2 33 4 36 7 51 19 89 7 56
Stimulants 6 98 5 45 8 58 19 89 11 88
Sedatives 2 33 7 63 7 51 22 103 6 48
Antidepressants 0 00 0 00 1 07 3 14 1 08
Over-the-Counter 0 00 1 09 0 00 0 00 0 00
Other Drugs 2 33 0 00 4 29 8 38 5 40
At Least 1 Category 27 443 51 459 85 620 135 634B 72 576
Multiple Categories 7 115 15 135 28 204 49 230 18 144
B Significantly different (p lt 05) compared to Q1 2020
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot56125
8
Motorcyclists Helmet Use by Quarter
Q4 2019 (N=57) Q1 2020 (N=105) Q2 2020 (N=122) Q3 2020 (N=205) Q4 2020 (N=117)n n n n n
Helmet Used
44 772 69 657 93 762 141 688 68 581C
C Significantly different (p lt 05) from Q2 2020Note Cases with unknown helmet use are excluded from this table and analysishttpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot56125
9
Pedestrians Positive for Drug Category by Quarter
Q4 2019 (N=106) Q1 2020 (N=162) Q2 2020 (N=105) Q3 2020 (N=172) Q4 2020 (N=144)n n n n n
Alcohol 20 189 46 284 31 295 53 308 36 250
Cannabinoids 23 217 27 167 31 295 38 221 34 236
Stimulants 10 94 23 142 16 152 21 122 14 97
Sedatives 9 85 14 86 10 95 19 110 14 97
Opioids 9 85 10 62 13 124 23 134 25 174B
Antidepressants 3 28 2 12 1 10 2 12 1 07
Over-the-Counter 2 19 6 37 4 38 4 23 2 14
Other Drugs 4 38 1 06 1 10 6 35 4 28
At Least 1 Category 52 491 86 531 68 648 108 628 88 611
Multiple Categories 16 151 35 216 29 276 44 256 34 236
B Significantly different (p lt 05) compared to Q1 2020 periodhttpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
10
Earlier Interim Results
11
Driver Seat Belt Use Before and During COVID(through September 2020)
Before COVID(N=809)
March 1720 ndash71820(N=388)
71920 ndash 93020(N=356)
Belt Use n n n
Belted 632 781 278 716 A 266 747
Unbelted 177 219 110 284 A 90 253
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
Driversrsquo BAC RangesBefore COVID
(N= 1157)
March 17 to July 18 2020
(N=699)July 19 to September 30 2020
BAC Range (in gdL) n 95 CI n 95 CI n 95 CI
00 (No Alcohol) 905 782 [758 805] 501 717A [682 749] 453 708A [672 742]
02 - 049 9 08 [04 14] 14 20 [12 32] 16 25A [15 39]
05 - 079 22 19 [12 28] 13 18 [10 31] 7 11 [05 21]
08 - 149 64 55 [43 70] 44 63 [47 83] 45 70 [52 92]
15 +157 136 [117 156] 127 182A [154 212] 119 186A [157 217]
12
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
Take-Aways Limitationsbull From data at selected trauma centers of seriously and fatally injured road users
drug and alcohol prevalence is a cause for concern o Drivers in particular showed significantly higher drug prevalence during the public health
emergency with 647 testing positive (at least one category) compared to 508 before
o Opioid prevalence among drivers more than doubled from Q4 2019 (68) to Q2 2020 (149) and Q3 2020 (146)
o Cannabis (active THC) prevalence increased among drivers and was more prevalent than alcohol during Q2 2020
bull The study is measuring prevalence not impairment or crash risk
bull Data collection was at 5 sites - not chosen for representativeness which limits the generalizability of the findings
13
14
NHTSA Publications October 2020 October 2020 January 2021
Drug and Alcohol Prevalence in Seriously and Fatally Injured Road Users Before and During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency
Examination of the Traffic Safety Environment During the Second Quarter of 2020Special Report
Update to Special Reports on Traffic Safety During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency Third Quarter Data Third Quarter Data
httpswwwnhtsagovbehavioral-research
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50941
httpswwwnhtsagovbehavioral-research
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
httpswwwnhtsagovbehavioral-research
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
15
NHTSA Publications May 2021 June 2021 June 2021
Early Estimate of Motor Vehicle Traffic Fatalities in 2020
Early Estimates of Motor Vehicle Traffic Fatalities and Fatality Rate by Sub-Categories in 2020
Update to Special Reports on Traffic Safety During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency Fourth Quarter Data Research Note Traffic Safety Facts
httpscrashstatsnhtsadotgovApiPublicViewPublication813115
httpscrashstatsnhtsadotgovApiPublicViewPublication813118
httpswwwnhtsagovbehavioral-researchhttpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot56125
16
NIHrsquos Research on SARS-CoV-2 Positivity
bull To keep our Drug Prevalence study going in Spring 2020 partnered with NIH and share our (de-indentified) blood samples o Testing our samples for SARS-CoV-2o Working on journal article on positivity rate of seriously injured road users o Will then compare results with existing sample they had ofo Kaitlyn Sadtler PhD
Chief Section for Immuno-EngineeringNational Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering National Institutes of Health
Amy Berning Research PsychologistNHTSArsquos Office of Behavioral Safety Researchamyberningdotgov
Drug and Alcohol Prevalence study -Dennis Thomas Principal InvestigatorDunlap and Associates Inc
Thomas F D Berning A Darrah J Graham L Blomberg R Griggs C Crandall M Schulman C Kozar R Neavyn M Cunningham K Ehsani J Fell J Whitehill J Babu K Lai J and Rayner M (2020 October) Drug and alcohol prevalence in seriously and fatally injured road users before and during the COVID-19 public health emergency (DOT HS 813 018) National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
Time Framebull Data Collection began in late 2019
bull Staggered start across sites (quantity of pre-COVID data varies by site)
bull Trauma centers began haltingreducing data collection as only ldquoessential researchrdquo allowed during COVID-19 public health emergency
bull In Spring 2020 we revised protocol to allow for SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing by National Institutes of Health data collection restarted at all sites
bull Toxicology results available before and during the public health emergency
bull Interim results here cover through December 2020
bull Data collection continues through July 2021 - Expect about 7500 blood samples
4
5
Most Recent Update - Through Fourth Quarter of 2020
6Drivers Positive for Drug Category by Yearrsquos QuarterEnd of 2019
Q4 2019 (N=409)
Begin 2020 Early COVID
Q1 2020 (N=536)
Quarter 2
Q2 2020 (N=404)
Quarter 3
Q3 2020 (N=603)
Quarter 4
Q4 2020 (N=474)Drug Category n n n n n
Alcohol 90 220 137 256 102 252 166 275 127 268
Cannabinoids 78 191 118 220 133 329AB 155 257 130 274A
Stimulants 36 88 60 112 41 101 64 106 42 89
Sedatives 42 103 35 65 34 84 48 80 33 70
Opioids 28 68 52 97 60 149A 88 146A 44 93
Antidepressants 11 27 12 22 1 02A 4 07 4 08
Over-the-Counter 4 10 22 41 6 15 10 17 8 17
Other Drugs 7 17 9 17 3 07 17 28 10 21
At Least 1 Category 211 516 292 545 260 644AB 366 607A 266 561
Multiple Categories 69 169 120 224 92 228 150 249A 108 228
A Significantly different (p lt 05) compared to Q4 2019 periodB Significantly different (p lt 05) compared to Q1 2020 periodhttpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot56125
7
Motorcyclists Positive for Drug Category by Quarter
Drug CategoryQ4 2019 (N=61) Q1 2020 (N=111) Q2 2020 (N=137) Q3 2020 (N=213) Q4 2020 (N=125)
n n n n n
Alcohol 11 180 21 189 42 307 63 296 31 248
Cannabinoids 14 230 30 270 50 365 61 286 35 280
Opioids 2 33 4 36 7 51 19 89 7 56
Stimulants 6 98 5 45 8 58 19 89 11 88
Sedatives 2 33 7 63 7 51 22 103 6 48
Antidepressants 0 00 0 00 1 07 3 14 1 08
Over-the-Counter 0 00 1 09 0 00 0 00 0 00
Other Drugs 2 33 0 00 4 29 8 38 5 40
At Least 1 Category 27 443 51 459 85 620 135 634B 72 576
Multiple Categories 7 115 15 135 28 204 49 230 18 144
B Significantly different (p lt 05) compared to Q1 2020
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot56125
8
Motorcyclists Helmet Use by Quarter
Q4 2019 (N=57) Q1 2020 (N=105) Q2 2020 (N=122) Q3 2020 (N=205) Q4 2020 (N=117)n n n n n
Helmet Used
44 772 69 657 93 762 141 688 68 581C
C Significantly different (p lt 05) from Q2 2020Note Cases with unknown helmet use are excluded from this table and analysishttpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot56125
9
Pedestrians Positive for Drug Category by Quarter
Q4 2019 (N=106) Q1 2020 (N=162) Q2 2020 (N=105) Q3 2020 (N=172) Q4 2020 (N=144)n n n n n
Alcohol 20 189 46 284 31 295 53 308 36 250
Cannabinoids 23 217 27 167 31 295 38 221 34 236
Stimulants 10 94 23 142 16 152 21 122 14 97
Sedatives 9 85 14 86 10 95 19 110 14 97
Opioids 9 85 10 62 13 124 23 134 25 174B
Antidepressants 3 28 2 12 1 10 2 12 1 07
Over-the-Counter 2 19 6 37 4 38 4 23 2 14
Other Drugs 4 38 1 06 1 10 6 35 4 28
At Least 1 Category 52 491 86 531 68 648 108 628 88 611
Multiple Categories 16 151 35 216 29 276 44 256 34 236
B Significantly different (p lt 05) compared to Q1 2020 periodhttpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
10
Earlier Interim Results
11
Driver Seat Belt Use Before and During COVID(through September 2020)
Before COVID(N=809)
March 1720 ndash71820(N=388)
71920 ndash 93020(N=356)
Belt Use n n n
Belted 632 781 278 716 A 266 747
Unbelted 177 219 110 284 A 90 253
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
Driversrsquo BAC RangesBefore COVID
(N= 1157)
March 17 to July 18 2020
(N=699)July 19 to September 30 2020
BAC Range (in gdL) n 95 CI n 95 CI n 95 CI
00 (No Alcohol) 905 782 [758 805] 501 717A [682 749] 453 708A [672 742]
02 - 049 9 08 [04 14] 14 20 [12 32] 16 25A [15 39]
05 - 079 22 19 [12 28] 13 18 [10 31] 7 11 [05 21]
08 - 149 64 55 [43 70] 44 63 [47 83] 45 70 [52 92]
15 +157 136 [117 156] 127 182A [154 212] 119 186A [157 217]
12
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
Take-Aways Limitationsbull From data at selected trauma centers of seriously and fatally injured road users
drug and alcohol prevalence is a cause for concern o Drivers in particular showed significantly higher drug prevalence during the public health
emergency with 647 testing positive (at least one category) compared to 508 before
o Opioid prevalence among drivers more than doubled from Q4 2019 (68) to Q2 2020 (149) and Q3 2020 (146)
o Cannabis (active THC) prevalence increased among drivers and was more prevalent than alcohol during Q2 2020
bull The study is measuring prevalence not impairment or crash risk
bull Data collection was at 5 sites - not chosen for representativeness which limits the generalizability of the findings
13
14
NHTSA Publications October 2020 October 2020 January 2021
Drug and Alcohol Prevalence in Seriously and Fatally Injured Road Users Before and During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency
Examination of the Traffic Safety Environment During the Second Quarter of 2020Special Report
Update to Special Reports on Traffic Safety During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency Third Quarter Data Third Quarter Data
httpswwwnhtsagovbehavioral-research
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50941
httpswwwnhtsagovbehavioral-research
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
httpswwwnhtsagovbehavioral-research
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
15
NHTSA Publications May 2021 June 2021 June 2021
Early Estimate of Motor Vehicle Traffic Fatalities in 2020
Early Estimates of Motor Vehicle Traffic Fatalities and Fatality Rate by Sub-Categories in 2020
Update to Special Reports on Traffic Safety During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency Fourth Quarter Data Research Note Traffic Safety Facts
httpscrashstatsnhtsadotgovApiPublicViewPublication813115
httpscrashstatsnhtsadotgovApiPublicViewPublication813118
httpswwwnhtsagovbehavioral-researchhttpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot56125
16
NIHrsquos Research on SARS-CoV-2 Positivity
bull To keep our Drug Prevalence study going in Spring 2020 partnered with NIH and share our (de-indentified) blood samples o Testing our samples for SARS-CoV-2o Working on journal article on positivity rate of seriously injured road users o Will then compare results with existing sample they had ofo Kaitlyn Sadtler PhD
Chief Section for Immuno-EngineeringNational Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering National Institutes of Health
Amy Berning Research PsychologistNHTSArsquos Office of Behavioral Safety Researchamyberningdotgov
Drug and Alcohol Prevalence study -Dennis Thomas Principal InvestigatorDunlap and Associates Inc
Thomas F D Berning A Darrah J Graham L Blomberg R Griggs C Crandall M Schulman C Kozar R Neavyn M Cunningham K Ehsani J Fell J Whitehill J Babu K Lai J and Rayner M (2020 October) Drug and alcohol prevalence in seriously and fatally injured road users before and during the COVID-19 public health emergency (DOT HS 813 018) National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
5
Most Recent Update - Through Fourth Quarter of 2020
6Drivers Positive for Drug Category by Yearrsquos QuarterEnd of 2019
Q4 2019 (N=409)
Begin 2020 Early COVID
Q1 2020 (N=536)
Quarter 2
Q2 2020 (N=404)
Quarter 3
Q3 2020 (N=603)
Quarter 4
Q4 2020 (N=474)Drug Category n n n n n
Alcohol 90 220 137 256 102 252 166 275 127 268
Cannabinoids 78 191 118 220 133 329AB 155 257 130 274A
Stimulants 36 88 60 112 41 101 64 106 42 89
Sedatives 42 103 35 65 34 84 48 80 33 70
Opioids 28 68 52 97 60 149A 88 146A 44 93
Antidepressants 11 27 12 22 1 02A 4 07 4 08
Over-the-Counter 4 10 22 41 6 15 10 17 8 17
Other Drugs 7 17 9 17 3 07 17 28 10 21
At Least 1 Category 211 516 292 545 260 644AB 366 607A 266 561
Multiple Categories 69 169 120 224 92 228 150 249A 108 228
A Significantly different (p lt 05) compared to Q4 2019 periodB Significantly different (p lt 05) compared to Q1 2020 periodhttpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot56125
7
Motorcyclists Positive for Drug Category by Quarter
Drug CategoryQ4 2019 (N=61) Q1 2020 (N=111) Q2 2020 (N=137) Q3 2020 (N=213) Q4 2020 (N=125)
n n n n n
Alcohol 11 180 21 189 42 307 63 296 31 248
Cannabinoids 14 230 30 270 50 365 61 286 35 280
Opioids 2 33 4 36 7 51 19 89 7 56
Stimulants 6 98 5 45 8 58 19 89 11 88
Sedatives 2 33 7 63 7 51 22 103 6 48
Antidepressants 0 00 0 00 1 07 3 14 1 08
Over-the-Counter 0 00 1 09 0 00 0 00 0 00
Other Drugs 2 33 0 00 4 29 8 38 5 40
At Least 1 Category 27 443 51 459 85 620 135 634B 72 576
Multiple Categories 7 115 15 135 28 204 49 230 18 144
B Significantly different (p lt 05) compared to Q1 2020
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot56125
8
Motorcyclists Helmet Use by Quarter
Q4 2019 (N=57) Q1 2020 (N=105) Q2 2020 (N=122) Q3 2020 (N=205) Q4 2020 (N=117)n n n n n
Helmet Used
44 772 69 657 93 762 141 688 68 581C
C Significantly different (p lt 05) from Q2 2020Note Cases with unknown helmet use are excluded from this table and analysishttpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot56125
9
Pedestrians Positive for Drug Category by Quarter
Q4 2019 (N=106) Q1 2020 (N=162) Q2 2020 (N=105) Q3 2020 (N=172) Q4 2020 (N=144)n n n n n
Alcohol 20 189 46 284 31 295 53 308 36 250
Cannabinoids 23 217 27 167 31 295 38 221 34 236
Stimulants 10 94 23 142 16 152 21 122 14 97
Sedatives 9 85 14 86 10 95 19 110 14 97
Opioids 9 85 10 62 13 124 23 134 25 174B
Antidepressants 3 28 2 12 1 10 2 12 1 07
Over-the-Counter 2 19 6 37 4 38 4 23 2 14
Other Drugs 4 38 1 06 1 10 6 35 4 28
At Least 1 Category 52 491 86 531 68 648 108 628 88 611
Multiple Categories 16 151 35 216 29 276 44 256 34 236
B Significantly different (p lt 05) compared to Q1 2020 periodhttpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
10
Earlier Interim Results
11
Driver Seat Belt Use Before and During COVID(through September 2020)
Before COVID(N=809)
March 1720 ndash71820(N=388)
71920 ndash 93020(N=356)
Belt Use n n n
Belted 632 781 278 716 A 266 747
Unbelted 177 219 110 284 A 90 253
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
Driversrsquo BAC RangesBefore COVID
(N= 1157)
March 17 to July 18 2020
(N=699)July 19 to September 30 2020
BAC Range (in gdL) n 95 CI n 95 CI n 95 CI
00 (No Alcohol) 905 782 [758 805] 501 717A [682 749] 453 708A [672 742]
02 - 049 9 08 [04 14] 14 20 [12 32] 16 25A [15 39]
05 - 079 22 19 [12 28] 13 18 [10 31] 7 11 [05 21]
08 - 149 64 55 [43 70] 44 63 [47 83] 45 70 [52 92]
15 +157 136 [117 156] 127 182A [154 212] 119 186A [157 217]
12
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
Take-Aways Limitationsbull From data at selected trauma centers of seriously and fatally injured road users
drug and alcohol prevalence is a cause for concern o Drivers in particular showed significantly higher drug prevalence during the public health
emergency with 647 testing positive (at least one category) compared to 508 before
o Opioid prevalence among drivers more than doubled from Q4 2019 (68) to Q2 2020 (149) and Q3 2020 (146)
o Cannabis (active THC) prevalence increased among drivers and was more prevalent than alcohol during Q2 2020
bull The study is measuring prevalence not impairment or crash risk
bull Data collection was at 5 sites - not chosen for representativeness which limits the generalizability of the findings
13
14
NHTSA Publications October 2020 October 2020 January 2021
Drug and Alcohol Prevalence in Seriously and Fatally Injured Road Users Before and During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency
Examination of the Traffic Safety Environment During the Second Quarter of 2020Special Report
Update to Special Reports on Traffic Safety During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency Third Quarter Data Third Quarter Data
httpswwwnhtsagovbehavioral-research
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50941
httpswwwnhtsagovbehavioral-research
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
httpswwwnhtsagovbehavioral-research
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
15
NHTSA Publications May 2021 June 2021 June 2021
Early Estimate of Motor Vehicle Traffic Fatalities in 2020
Early Estimates of Motor Vehicle Traffic Fatalities and Fatality Rate by Sub-Categories in 2020
Update to Special Reports on Traffic Safety During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency Fourth Quarter Data Research Note Traffic Safety Facts
httpscrashstatsnhtsadotgovApiPublicViewPublication813115
httpscrashstatsnhtsadotgovApiPublicViewPublication813118
httpswwwnhtsagovbehavioral-researchhttpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot56125
16
NIHrsquos Research on SARS-CoV-2 Positivity
bull To keep our Drug Prevalence study going in Spring 2020 partnered with NIH and share our (de-indentified) blood samples o Testing our samples for SARS-CoV-2o Working on journal article on positivity rate of seriously injured road users o Will then compare results with existing sample they had ofo Kaitlyn Sadtler PhD
Chief Section for Immuno-EngineeringNational Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering National Institutes of Health
Amy Berning Research PsychologistNHTSArsquos Office of Behavioral Safety Researchamyberningdotgov
Drug and Alcohol Prevalence study -Dennis Thomas Principal InvestigatorDunlap and Associates Inc
Thomas F D Berning A Darrah J Graham L Blomberg R Griggs C Crandall M Schulman C Kozar R Neavyn M Cunningham K Ehsani J Fell J Whitehill J Babu K Lai J and Rayner M (2020 October) Drug and alcohol prevalence in seriously and fatally injured road users before and during the COVID-19 public health emergency (DOT HS 813 018) National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
6Drivers Positive for Drug Category by Yearrsquos QuarterEnd of 2019
Q4 2019 (N=409)
Begin 2020 Early COVID
Q1 2020 (N=536)
Quarter 2
Q2 2020 (N=404)
Quarter 3
Q3 2020 (N=603)
Quarter 4
Q4 2020 (N=474)Drug Category n n n n n
Alcohol 90 220 137 256 102 252 166 275 127 268
Cannabinoids 78 191 118 220 133 329AB 155 257 130 274A
Stimulants 36 88 60 112 41 101 64 106 42 89
Sedatives 42 103 35 65 34 84 48 80 33 70
Opioids 28 68 52 97 60 149A 88 146A 44 93
Antidepressants 11 27 12 22 1 02A 4 07 4 08
Over-the-Counter 4 10 22 41 6 15 10 17 8 17
Other Drugs 7 17 9 17 3 07 17 28 10 21
At Least 1 Category 211 516 292 545 260 644AB 366 607A 266 561
Multiple Categories 69 169 120 224 92 228 150 249A 108 228
A Significantly different (p lt 05) compared to Q4 2019 periodB Significantly different (p lt 05) compared to Q1 2020 periodhttpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot56125
7
Motorcyclists Positive for Drug Category by Quarter
Drug CategoryQ4 2019 (N=61) Q1 2020 (N=111) Q2 2020 (N=137) Q3 2020 (N=213) Q4 2020 (N=125)
n n n n n
Alcohol 11 180 21 189 42 307 63 296 31 248
Cannabinoids 14 230 30 270 50 365 61 286 35 280
Opioids 2 33 4 36 7 51 19 89 7 56
Stimulants 6 98 5 45 8 58 19 89 11 88
Sedatives 2 33 7 63 7 51 22 103 6 48
Antidepressants 0 00 0 00 1 07 3 14 1 08
Over-the-Counter 0 00 1 09 0 00 0 00 0 00
Other Drugs 2 33 0 00 4 29 8 38 5 40
At Least 1 Category 27 443 51 459 85 620 135 634B 72 576
Multiple Categories 7 115 15 135 28 204 49 230 18 144
B Significantly different (p lt 05) compared to Q1 2020
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot56125
8
Motorcyclists Helmet Use by Quarter
Q4 2019 (N=57) Q1 2020 (N=105) Q2 2020 (N=122) Q3 2020 (N=205) Q4 2020 (N=117)n n n n n
Helmet Used
44 772 69 657 93 762 141 688 68 581C
C Significantly different (p lt 05) from Q2 2020Note Cases with unknown helmet use are excluded from this table and analysishttpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot56125
9
Pedestrians Positive for Drug Category by Quarter
Q4 2019 (N=106) Q1 2020 (N=162) Q2 2020 (N=105) Q3 2020 (N=172) Q4 2020 (N=144)n n n n n
Alcohol 20 189 46 284 31 295 53 308 36 250
Cannabinoids 23 217 27 167 31 295 38 221 34 236
Stimulants 10 94 23 142 16 152 21 122 14 97
Sedatives 9 85 14 86 10 95 19 110 14 97
Opioids 9 85 10 62 13 124 23 134 25 174B
Antidepressants 3 28 2 12 1 10 2 12 1 07
Over-the-Counter 2 19 6 37 4 38 4 23 2 14
Other Drugs 4 38 1 06 1 10 6 35 4 28
At Least 1 Category 52 491 86 531 68 648 108 628 88 611
Multiple Categories 16 151 35 216 29 276 44 256 34 236
B Significantly different (p lt 05) compared to Q1 2020 periodhttpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
10
Earlier Interim Results
11
Driver Seat Belt Use Before and During COVID(through September 2020)
Before COVID(N=809)
March 1720 ndash71820(N=388)
71920 ndash 93020(N=356)
Belt Use n n n
Belted 632 781 278 716 A 266 747
Unbelted 177 219 110 284 A 90 253
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
Driversrsquo BAC RangesBefore COVID
(N= 1157)
March 17 to July 18 2020
(N=699)July 19 to September 30 2020
BAC Range (in gdL) n 95 CI n 95 CI n 95 CI
00 (No Alcohol) 905 782 [758 805] 501 717A [682 749] 453 708A [672 742]
02 - 049 9 08 [04 14] 14 20 [12 32] 16 25A [15 39]
05 - 079 22 19 [12 28] 13 18 [10 31] 7 11 [05 21]
08 - 149 64 55 [43 70] 44 63 [47 83] 45 70 [52 92]
15 +157 136 [117 156] 127 182A [154 212] 119 186A [157 217]
12
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
Take-Aways Limitationsbull From data at selected trauma centers of seriously and fatally injured road users
drug and alcohol prevalence is a cause for concern o Drivers in particular showed significantly higher drug prevalence during the public health
emergency with 647 testing positive (at least one category) compared to 508 before
o Opioid prevalence among drivers more than doubled from Q4 2019 (68) to Q2 2020 (149) and Q3 2020 (146)
o Cannabis (active THC) prevalence increased among drivers and was more prevalent than alcohol during Q2 2020
bull The study is measuring prevalence not impairment or crash risk
bull Data collection was at 5 sites - not chosen for representativeness which limits the generalizability of the findings
13
14
NHTSA Publications October 2020 October 2020 January 2021
Drug and Alcohol Prevalence in Seriously and Fatally Injured Road Users Before and During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency
Examination of the Traffic Safety Environment During the Second Quarter of 2020Special Report
Update to Special Reports on Traffic Safety During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency Third Quarter Data Third Quarter Data
httpswwwnhtsagovbehavioral-research
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50941
httpswwwnhtsagovbehavioral-research
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
httpswwwnhtsagovbehavioral-research
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
15
NHTSA Publications May 2021 June 2021 June 2021
Early Estimate of Motor Vehicle Traffic Fatalities in 2020
Early Estimates of Motor Vehicle Traffic Fatalities and Fatality Rate by Sub-Categories in 2020
Update to Special Reports on Traffic Safety During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency Fourth Quarter Data Research Note Traffic Safety Facts
httpscrashstatsnhtsadotgovApiPublicViewPublication813115
httpscrashstatsnhtsadotgovApiPublicViewPublication813118
httpswwwnhtsagovbehavioral-researchhttpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot56125
16
NIHrsquos Research on SARS-CoV-2 Positivity
bull To keep our Drug Prevalence study going in Spring 2020 partnered with NIH and share our (de-indentified) blood samples o Testing our samples for SARS-CoV-2o Working on journal article on positivity rate of seriously injured road users o Will then compare results with existing sample they had ofo Kaitlyn Sadtler PhD
Chief Section for Immuno-EngineeringNational Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering National Institutes of Health
Amy Berning Research PsychologistNHTSArsquos Office of Behavioral Safety Researchamyberningdotgov
Drug and Alcohol Prevalence study -Dennis Thomas Principal InvestigatorDunlap and Associates Inc
Thomas F D Berning A Darrah J Graham L Blomberg R Griggs C Crandall M Schulman C Kozar R Neavyn M Cunningham K Ehsani J Fell J Whitehill J Babu K Lai J and Rayner M (2020 October) Drug and alcohol prevalence in seriously and fatally injured road users before and during the COVID-19 public health emergency (DOT HS 813 018) National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
7
Motorcyclists Positive for Drug Category by Quarter
Drug CategoryQ4 2019 (N=61) Q1 2020 (N=111) Q2 2020 (N=137) Q3 2020 (N=213) Q4 2020 (N=125)
n n n n n
Alcohol 11 180 21 189 42 307 63 296 31 248
Cannabinoids 14 230 30 270 50 365 61 286 35 280
Opioids 2 33 4 36 7 51 19 89 7 56
Stimulants 6 98 5 45 8 58 19 89 11 88
Sedatives 2 33 7 63 7 51 22 103 6 48
Antidepressants 0 00 0 00 1 07 3 14 1 08
Over-the-Counter 0 00 1 09 0 00 0 00 0 00
Other Drugs 2 33 0 00 4 29 8 38 5 40
At Least 1 Category 27 443 51 459 85 620 135 634B 72 576
Multiple Categories 7 115 15 135 28 204 49 230 18 144
B Significantly different (p lt 05) compared to Q1 2020
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot56125
8
Motorcyclists Helmet Use by Quarter
Q4 2019 (N=57) Q1 2020 (N=105) Q2 2020 (N=122) Q3 2020 (N=205) Q4 2020 (N=117)n n n n n
Helmet Used
44 772 69 657 93 762 141 688 68 581C
C Significantly different (p lt 05) from Q2 2020Note Cases with unknown helmet use are excluded from this table and analysishttpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot56125
9
Pedestrians Positive for Drug Category by Quarter
Q4 2019 (N=106) Q1 2020 (N=162) Q2 2020 (N=105) Q3 2020 (N=172) Q4 2020 (N=144)n n n n n
Alcohol 20 189 46 284 31 295 53 308 36 250
Cannabinoids 23 217 27 167 31 295 38 221 34 236
Stimulants 10 94 23 142 16 152 21 122 14 97
Sedatives 9 85 14 86 10 95 19 110 14 97
Opioids 9 85 10 62 13 124 23 134 25 174B
Antidepressants 3 28 2 12 1 10 2 12 1 07
Over-the-Counter 2 19 6 37 4 38 4 23 2 14
Other Drugs 4 38 1 06 1 10 6 35 4 28
At Least 1 Category 52 491 86 531 68 648 108 628 88 611
Multiple Categories 16 151 35 216 29 276 44 256 34 236
B Significantly different (p lt 05) compared to Q1 2020 periodhttpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
10
Earlier Interim Results
11
Driver Seat Belt Use Before and During COVID(through September 2020)
Before COVID(N=809)
March 1720 ndash71820(N=388)
71920 ndash 93020(N=356)
Belt Use n n n
Belted 632 781 278 716 A 266 747
Unbelted 177 219 110 284 A 90 253
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
Driversrsquo BAC RangesBefore COVID
(N= 1157)
March 17 to July 18 2020
(N=699)July 19 to September 30 2020
BAC Range (in gdL) n 95 CI n 95 CI n 95 CI
00 (No Alcohol) 905 782 [758 805] 501 717A [682 749] 453 708A [672 742]
02 - 049 9 08 [04 14] 14 20 [12 32] 16 25A [15 39]
05 - 079 22 19 [12 28] 13 18 [10 31] 7 11 [05 21]
08 - 149 64 55 [43 70] 44 63 [47 83] 45 70 [52 92]
15 +157 136 [117 156] 127 182A [154 212] 119 186A [157 217]
12
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
Take-Aways Limitationsbull From data at selected trauma centers of seriously and fatally injured road users
drug and alcohol prevalence is a cause for concern o Drivers in particular showed significantly higher drug prevalence during the public health
emergency with 647 testing positive (at least one category) compared to 508 before
o Opioid prevalence among drivers more than doubled from Q4 2019 (68) to Q2 2020 (149) and Q3 2020 (146)
o Cannabis (active THC) prevalence increased among drivers and was more prevalent than alcohol during Q2 2020
bull The study is measuring prevalence not impairment or crash risk
bull Data collection was at 5 sites - not chosen for representativeness which limits the generalizability of the findings
13
14
NHTSA Publications October 2020 October 2020 January 2021
Drug and Alcohol Prevalence in Seriously and Fatally Injured Road Users Before and During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency
Examination of the Traffic Safety Environment During the Second Quarter of 2020Special Report
Update to Special Reports on Traffic Safety During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency Third Quarter Data Third Quarter Data
httpswwwnhtsagovbehavioral-research
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50941
httpswwwnhtsagovbehavioral-research
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
httpswwwnhtsagovbehavioral-research
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
15
NHTSA Publications May 2021 June 2021 June 2021
Early Estimate of Motor Vehicle Traffic Fatalities in 2020
Early Estimates of Motor Vehicle Traffic Fatalities and Fatality Rate by Sub-Categories in 2020
Update to Special Reports on Traffic Safety During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency Fourth Quarter Data Research Note Traffic Safety Facts
httpscrashstatsnhtsadotgovApiPublicViewPublication813115
httpscrashstatsnhtsadotgovApiPublicViewPublication813118
httpswwwnhtsagovbehavioral-researchhttpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot56125
16
NIHrsquos Research on SARS-CoV-2 Positivity
bull To keep our Drug Prevalence study going in Spring 2020 partnered with NIH and share our (de-indentified) blood samples o Testing our samples for SARS-CoV-2o Working on journal article on positivity rate of seriously injured road users o Will then compare results with existing sample they had ofo Kaitlyn Sadtler PhD
Chief Section for Immuno-EngineeringNational Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering National Institutes of Health
Amy Berning Research PsychologistNHTSArsquos Office of Behavioral Safety Researchamyberningdotgov
Drug and Alcohol Prevalence study -Dennis Thomas Principal InvestigatorDunlap and Associates Inc
Thomas F D Berning A Darrah J Graham L Blomberg R Griggs C Crandall M Schulman C Kozar R Neavyn M Cunningham K Ehsani J Fell J Whitehill J Babu K Lai J and Rayner M (2020 October) Drug and alcohol prevalence in seriously and fatally injured road users before and during the COVID-19 public health emergency (DOT HS 813 018) National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
8
Motorcyclists Helmet Use by Quarter
Q4 2019 (N=57) Q1 2020 (N=105) Q2 2020 (N=122) Q3 2020 (N=205) Q4 2020 (N=117)n n n n n
Helmet Used
44 772 69 657 93 762 141 688 68 581C
C Significantly different (p lt 05) from Q2 2020Note Cases with unknown helmet use are excluded from this table and analysishttpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot56125
9
Pedestrians Positive for Drug Category by Quarter
Q4 2019 (N=106) Q1 2020 (N=162) Q2 2020 (N=105) Q3 2020 (N=172) Q4 2020 (N=144)n n n n n
Alcohol 20 189 46 284 31 295 53 308 36 250
Cannabinoids 23 217 27 167 31 295 38 221 34 236
Stimulants 10 94 23 142 16 152 21 122 14 97
Sedatives 9 85 14 86 10 95 19 110 14 97
Opioids 9 85 10 62 13 124 23 134 25 174B
Antidepressants 3 28 2 12 1 10 2 12 1 07
Over-the-Counter 2 19 6 37 4 38 4 23 2 14
Other Drugs 4 38 1 06 1 10 6 35 4 28
At Least 1 Category 52 491 86 531 68 648 108 628 88 611
Multiple Categories 16 151 35 216 29 276 44 256 34 236
B Significantly different (p lt 05) compared to Q1 2020 periodhttpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
10
Earlier Interim Results
11
Driver Seat Belt Use Before and During COVID(through September 2020)
Before COVID(N=809)
March 1720 ndash71820(N=388)
71920 ndash 93020(N=356)
Belt Use n n n
Belted 632 781 278 716 A 266 747
Unbelted 177 219 110 284 A 90 253
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
Driversrsquo BAC RangesBefore COVID
(N= 1157)
March 17 to July 18 2020
(N=699)July 19 to September 30 2020
BAC Range (in gdL) n 95 CI n 95 CI n 95 CI
00 (No Alcohol) 905 782 [758 805] 501 717A [682 749] 453 708A [672 742]
02 - 049 9 08 [04 14] 14 20 [12 32] 16 25A [15 39]
05 - 079 22 19 [12 28] 13 18 [10 31] 7 11 [05 21]
08 - 149 64 55 [43 70] 44 63 [47 83] 45 70 [52 92]
15 +157 136 [117 156] 127 182A [154 212] 119 186A [157 217]
12
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
Take-Aways Limitationsbull From data at selected trauma centers of seriously and fatally injured road users
drug and alcohol prevalence is a cause for concern o Drivers in particular showed significantly higher drug prevalence during the public health
emergency with 647 testing positive (at least one category) compared to 508 before
o Opioid prevalence among drivers more than doubled from Q4 2019 (68) to Q2 2020 (149) and Q3 2020 (146)
o Cannabis (active THC) prevalence increased among drivers and was more prevalent than alcohol during Q2 2020
bull The study is measuring prevalence not impairment or crash risk
bull Data collection was at 5 sites - not chosen for representativeness which limits the generalizability of the findings
13
14
NHTSA Publications October 2020 October 2020 January 2021
Drug and Alcohol Prevalence in Seriously and Fatally Injured Road Users Before and During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency
Examination of the Traffic Safety Environment During the Second Quarter of 2020Special Report
Update to Special Reports on Traffic Safety During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency Third Quarter Data Third Quarter Data
httpswwwnhtsagovbehavioral-research
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50941
httpswwwnhtsagovbehavioral-research
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
httpswwwnhtsagovbehavioral-research
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
15
NHTSA Publications May 2021 June 2021 June 2021
Early Estimate of Motor Vehicle Traffic Fatalities in 2020
Early Estimates of Motor Vehicle Traffic Fatalities and Fatality Rate by Sub-Categories in 2020
Update to Special Reports on Traffic Safety During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency Fourth Quarter Data Research Note Traffic Safety Facts
httpscrashstatsnhtsadotgovApiPublicViewPublication813115
httpscrashstatsnhtsadotgovApiPublicViewPublication813118
httpswwwnhtsagovbehavioral-researchhttpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot56125
16
NIHrsquos Research on SARS-CoV-2 Positivity
bull To keep our Drug Prevalence study going in Spring 2020 partnered with NIH and share our (de-indentified) blood samples o Testing our samples for SARS-CoV-2o Working on journal article on positivity rate of seriously injured road users o Will then compare results with existing sample they had ofo Kaitlyn Sadtler PhD
Chief Section for Immuno-EngineeringNational Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering National Institutes of Health
Amy Berning Research PsychologistNHTSArsquos Office of Behavioral Safety Researchamyberningdotgov
Drug and Alcohol Prevalence study -Dennis Thomas Principal InvestigatorDunlap and Associates Inc
Thomas F D Berning A Darrah J Graham L Blomberg R Griggs C Crandall M Schulman C Kozar R Neavyn M Cunningham K Ehsani J Fell J Whitehill J Babu K Lai J and Rayner M (2020 October) Drug and alcohol prevalence in seriously and fatally injured road users before and during the COVID-19 public health emergency (DOT HS 813 018) National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
9
Pedestrians Positive for Drug Category by Quarter
Q4 2019 (N=106) Q1 2020 (N=162) Q2 2020 (N=105) Q3 2020 (N=172) Q4 2020 (N=144)n n n n n
Alcohol 20 189 46 284 31 295 53 308 36 250
Cannabinoids 23 217 27 167 31 295 38 221 34 236
Stimulants 10 94 23 142 16 152 21 122 14 97
Sedatives 9 85 14 86 10 95 19 110 14 97
Opioids 9 85 10 62 13 124 23 134 25 174B
Antidepressants 3 28 2 12 1 10 2 12 1 07
Over-the-Counter 2 19 6 37 4 38 4 23 2 14
Other Drugs 4 38 1 06 1 10 6 35 4 28
At Least 1 Category 52 491 86 531 68 648 108 628 88 611
Multiple Categories 16 151 35 216 29 276 44 256 34 236
B Significantly different (p lt 05) compared to Q1 2020 periodhttpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
10
Earlier Interim Results
11
Driver Seat Belt Use Before and During COVID(through September 2020)
Before COVID(N=809)
March 1720 ndash71820(N=388)
71920 ndash 93020(N=356)
Belt Use n n n
Belted 632 781 278 716 A 266 747
Unbelted 177 219 110 284 A 90 253
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
Driversrsquo BAC RangesBefore COVID
(N= 1157)
March 17 to July 18 2020
(N=699)July 19 to September 30 2020
BAC Range (in gdL) n 95 CI n 95 CI n 95 CI
00 (No Alcohol) 905 782 [758 805] 501 717A [682 749] 453 708A [672 742]
02 - 049 9 08 [04 14] 14 20 [12 32] 16 25A [15 39]
05 - 079 22 19 [12 28] 13 18 [10 31] 7 11 [05 21]
08 - 149 64 55 [43 70] 44 63 [47 83] 45 70 [52 92]
15 +157 136 [117 156] 127 182A [154 212] 119 186A [157 217]
12
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
Take-Aways Limitationsbull From data at selected trauma centers of seriously and fatally injured road users
drug and alcohol prevalence is a cause for concern o Drivers in particular showed significantly higher drug prevalence during the public health
emergency with 647 testing positive (at least one category) compared to 508 before
o Opioid prevalence among drivers more than doubled from Q4 2019 (68) to Q2 2020 (149) and Q3 2020 (146)
o Cannabis (active THC) prevalence increased among drivers and was more prevalent than alcohol during Q2 2020
bull The study is measuring prevalence not impairment or crash risk
bull Data collection was at 5 sites - not chosen for representativeness which limits the generalizability of the findings
13
14
NHTSA Publications October 2020 October 2020 January 2021
Drug and Alcohol Prevalence in Seriously and Fatally Injured Road Users Before and During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency
Examination of the Traffic Safety Environment During the Second Quarter of 2020Special Report
Update to Special Reports on Traffic Safety During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency Third Quarter Data Third Quarter Data
httpswwwnhtsagovbehavioral-research
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50941
httpswwwnhtsagovbehavioral-research
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
httpswwwnhtsagovbehavioral-research
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
15
NHTSA Publications May 2021 June 2021 June 2021
Early Estimate of Motor Vehicle Traffic Fatalities in 2020
Early Estimates of Motor Vehicle Traffic Fatalities and Fatality Rate by Sub-Categories in 2020
Update to Special Reports on Traffic Safety During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency Fourth Quarter Data Research Note Traffic Safety Facts
httpscrashstatsnhtsadotgovApiPublicViewPublication813115
httpscrashstatsnhtsadotgovApiPublicViewPublication813118
httpswwwnhtsagovbehavioral-researchhttpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot56125
16
NIHrsquos Research on SARS-CoV-2 Positivity
bull To keep our Drug Prevalence study going in Spring 2020 partnered with NIH and share our (de-indentified) blood samples o Testing our samples for SARS-CoV-2o Working on journal article on positivity rate of seriously injured road users o Will then compare results with existing sample they had ofo Kaitlyn Sadtler PhD
Chief Section for Immuno-EngineeringNational Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering National Institutes of Health
Amy Berning Research PsychologistNHTSArsquos Office of Behavioral Safety Researchamyberningdotgov
Drug and Alcohol Prevalence study -Dennis Thomas Principal InvestigatorDunlap and Associates Inc
Thomas F D Berning A Darrah J Graham L Blomberg R Griggs C Crandall M Schulman C Kozar R Neavyn M Cunningham K Ehsani J Fell J Whitehill J Babu K Lai J and Rayner M (2020 October) Drug and alcohol prevalence in seriously and fatally injured road users before and during the COVID-19 public health emergency (DOT HS 813 018) National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
10
Earlier Interim Results
11
Driver Seat Belt Use Before and During COVID(through September 2020)
Before COVID(N=809)
March 1720 ndash71820(N=388)
71920 ndash 93020(N=356)
Belt Use n n n
Belted 632 781 278 716 A 266 747
Unbelted 177 219 110 284 A 90 253
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
Driversrsquo BAC RangesBefore COVID
(N= 1157)
March 17 to July 18 2020
(N=699)July 19 to September 30 2020
BAC Range (in gdL) n 95 CI n 95 CI n 95 CI
00 (No Alcohol) 905 782 [758 805] 501 717A [682 749] 453 708A [672 742]
02 - 049 9 08 [04 14] 14 20 [12 32] 16 25A [15 39]
05 - 079 22 19 [12 28] 13 18 [10 31] 7 11 [05 21]
08 - 149 64 55 [43 70] 44 63 [47 83] 45 70 [52 92]
15 +157 136 [117 156] 127 182A [154 212] 119 186A [157 217]
12
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
Take-Aways Limitationsbull From data at selected trauma centers of seriously and fatally injured road users
drug and alcohol prevalence is a cause for concern o Drivers in particular showed significantly higher drug prevalence during the public health
emergency with 647 testing positive (at least one category) compared to 508 before
o Opioid prevalence among drivers more than doubled from Q4 2019 (68) to Q2 2020 (149) and Q3 2020 (146)
o Cannabis (active THC) prevalence increased among drivers and was more prevalent than alcohol during Q2 2020
bull The study is measuring prevalence not impairment or crash risk
bull Data collection was at 5 sites - not chosen for representativeness which limits the generalizability of the findings
13
14
NHTSA Publications October 2020 October 2020 January 2021
Drug and Alcohol Prevalence in Seriously and Fatally Injured Road Users Before and During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency
Examination of the Traffic Safety Environment During the Second Quarter of 2020Special Report
Update to Special Reports on Traffic Safety During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency Third Quarter Data Third Quarter Data
httpswwwnhtsagovbehavioral-research
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50941
httpswwwnhtsagovbehavioral-research
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
httpswwwnhtsagovbehavioral-research
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
15
NHTSA Publications May 2021 June 2021 June 2021
Early Estimate of Motor Vehicle Traffic Fatalities in 2020
Early Estimates of Motor Vehicle Traffic Fatalities and Fatality Rate by Sub-Categories in 2020
Update to Special Reports on Traffic Safety During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency Fourth Quarter Data Research Note Traffic Safety Facts
httpscrashstatsnhtsadotgovApiPublicViewPublication813115
httpscrashstatsnhtsadotgovApiPublicViewPublication813118
httpswwwnhtsagovbehavioral-researchhttpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot56125
16
NIHrsquos Research on SARS-CoV-2 Positivity
bull To keep our Drug Prevalence study going in Spring 2020 partnered with NIH and share our (de-indentified) blood samples o Testing our samples for SARS-CoV-2o Working on journal article on positivity rate of seriously injured road users o Will then compare results with existing sample they had ofo Kaitlyn Sadtler PhD
Chief Section for Immuno-EngineeringNational Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering National Institutes of Health
Amy Berning Research PsychologistNHTSArsquos Office of Behavioral Safety Researchamyberningdotgov
Drug and Alcohol Prevalence study -Dennis Thomas Principal InvestigatorDunlap and Associates Inc
Thomas F D Berning A Darrah J Graham L Blomberg R Griggs C Crandall M Schulman C Kozar R Neavyn M Cunningham K Ehsani J Fell J Whitehill J Babu K Lai J and Rayner M (2020 October) Drug and alcohol prevalence in seriously and fatally injured road users before and during the COVID-19 public health emergency (DOT HS 813 018) National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
11
Driver Seat Belt Use Before and During COVID(through September 2020)
Before COVID(N=809)
March 1720 ndash71820(N=388)
71920 ndash 93020(N=356)
Belt Use n n n
Belted 632 781 278 716 A 266 747
Unbelted 177 219 110 284 A 90 253
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
Driversrsquo BAC RangesBefore COVID
(N= 1157)
March 17 to July 18 2020
(N=699)July 19 to September 30 2020
BAC Range (in gdL) n 95 CI n 95 CI n 95 CI
00 (No Alcohol) 905 782 [758 805] 501 717A [682 749] 453 708A [672 742]
02 - 049 9 08 [04 14] 14 20 [12 32] 16 25A [15 39]
05 - 079 22 19 [12 28] 13 18 [10 31] 7 11 [05 21]
08 - 149 64 55 [43 70] 44 63 [47 83] 45 70 [52 92]
15 +157 136 [117 156] 127 182A [154 212] 119 186A [157 217]
12
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
Take-Aways Limitationsbull From data at selected trauma centers of seriously and fatally injured road users
drug and alcohol prevalence is a cause for concern o Drivers in particular showed significantly higher drug prevalence during the public health
emergency with 647 testing positive (at least one category) compared to 508 before
o Opioid prevalence among drivers more than doubled from Q4 2019 (68) to Q2 2020 (149) and Q3 2020 (146)
o Cannabis (active THC) prevalence increased among drivers and was more prevalent than alcohol during Q2 2020
bull The study is measuring prevalence not impairment or crash risk
bull Data collection was at 5 sites - not chosen for representativeness which limits the generalizability of the findings
13
14
NHTSA Publications October 2020 October 2020 January 2021
Drug and Alcohol Prevalence in Seriously and Fatally Injured Road Users Before and During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency
Examination of the Traffic Safety Environment During the Second Quarter of 2020Special Report
Update to Special Reports on Traffic Safety During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency Third Quarter Data Third Quarter Data
httpswwwnhtsagovbehavioral-research
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50941
httpswwwnhtsagovbehavioral-research
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
httpswwwnhtsagovbehavioral-research
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
15
NHTSA Publications May 2021 June 2021 June 2021
Early Estimate of Motor Vehicle Traffic Fatalities in 2020
Early Estimates of Motor Vehicle Traffic Fatalities and Fatality Rate by Sub-Categories in 2020
Update to Special Reports on Traffic Safety During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency Fourth Quarter Data Research Note Traffic Safety Facts
httpscrashstatsnhtsadotgovApiPublicViewPublication813115
httpscrashstatsnhtsadotgovApiPublicViewPublication813118
httpswwwnhtsagovbehavioral-researchhttpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot56125
16
NIHrsquos Research on SARS-CoV-2 Positivity
bull To keep our Drug Prevalence study going in Spring 2020 partnered with NIH and share our (de-indentified) blood samples o Testing our samples for SARS-CoV-2o Working on journal article on positivity rate of seriously injured road users o Will then compare results with existing sample they had ofo Kaitlyn Sadtler PhD
Chief Section for Immuno-EngineeringNational Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering National Institutes of Health
Amy Berning Research PsychologistNHTSArsquos Office of Behavioral Safety Researchamyberningdotgov
Drug and Alcohol Prevalence study -Dennis Thomas Principal InvestigatorDunlap and Associates Inc
Thomas F D Berning A Darrah J Graham L Blomberg R Griggs C Crandall M Schulman C Kozar R Neavyn M Cunningham K Ehsani J Fell J Whitehill J Babu K Lai J and Rayner M (2020 October) Drug and alcohol prevalence in seriously and fatally injured road users before and during the COVID-19 public health emergency (DOT HS 813 018) National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
Driversrsquo BAC RangesBefore COVID
(N= 1157)
March 17 to July 18 2020
(N=699)July 19 to September 30 2020
BAC Range (in gdL) n 95 CI n 95 CI n 95 CI
00 (No Alcohol) 905 782 [758 805] 501 717A [682 749] 453 708A [672 742]
02 - 049 9 08 [04 14] 14 20 [12 32] 16 25A [15 39]
05 - 079 22 19 [12 28] 13 18 [10 31] 7 11 [05 21]
08 - 149 64 55 [43 70] 44 63 [47 83] 45 70 [52 92]
15 +157 136 [117 156] 127 182A [154 212] 119 186A [157 217]
12
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
Take-Aways Limitationsbull From data at selected trauma centers of seriously and fatally injured road users
drug and alcohol prevalence is a cause for concern o Drivers in particular showed significantly higher drug prevalence during the public health
emergency with 647 testing positive (at least one category) compared to 508 before
o Opioid prevalence among drivers more than doubled from Q4 2019 (68) to Q2 2020 (149) and Q3 2020 (146)
o Cannabis (active THC) prevalence increased among drivers and was more prevalent than alcohol during Q2 2020
bull The study is measuring prevalence not impairment or crash risk
bull Data collection was at 5 sites - not chosen for representativeness which limits the generalizability of the findings
13
14
NHTSA Publications October 2020 October 2020 January 2021
Drug and Alcohol Prevalence in Seriously and Fatally Injured Road Users Before and During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency
Examination of the Traffic Safety Environment During the Second Quarter of 2020Special Report
Update to Special Reports on Traffic Safety During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency Third Quarter Data Third Quarter Data
httpswwwnhtsagovbehavioral-research
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50941
httpswwwnhtsagovbehavioral-research
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
httpswwwnhtsagovbehavioral-research
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
15
NHTSA Publications May 2021 June 2021 June 2021
Early Estimate of Motor Vehicle Traffic Fatalities in 2020
Early Estimates of Motor Vehicle Traffic Fatalities and Fatality Rate by Sub-Categories in 2020
Update to Special Reports on Traffic Safety During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency Fourth Quarter Data Research Note Traffic Safety Facts
httpscrashstatsnhtsadotgovApiPublicViewPublication813115
httpscrashstatsnhtsadotgovApiPublicViewPublication813118
httpswwwnhtsagovbehavioral-researchhttpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot56125
16
NIHrsquos Research on SARS-CoV-2 Positivity
bull To keep our Drug Prevalence study going in Spring 2020 partnered with NIH and share our (de-indentified) blood samples o Testing our samples for SARS-CoV-2o Working on journal article on positivity rate of seriously injured road users o Will then compare results with existing sample they had ofo Kaitlyn Sadtler PhD
Chief Section for Immuno-EngineeringNational Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering National Institutes of Health
Amy Berning Research PsychologistNHTSArsquos Office of Behavioral Safety Researchamyberningdotgov
Drug and Alcohol Prevalence study -Dennis Thomas Principal InvestigatorDunlap and Associates Inc
Thomas F D Berning A Darrah J Graham L Blomberg R Griggs C Crandall M Schulman C Kozar R Neavyn M Cunningham K Ehsani J Fell J Whitehill J Babu K Lai J and Rayner M (2020 October) Drug and alcohol prevalence in seriously and fatally injured road users before and during the COVID-19 public health emergency (DOT HS 813 018) National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
Take-Aways Limitationsbull From data at selected trauma centers of seriously and fatally injured road users
drug and alcohol prevalence is a cause for concern o Drivers in particular showed significantly higher drug prevalence during the public health
emergency with 647 testing positive (at least one category) compared to 508 before
o Opioid prevalence among drivers more than doubled from Q4 2019 (68) to Q2 2020 (149) and Q3 2020 (146)
o Cannabis (active THC) prevalence increased among drivers and was more prevalent than alcohol during Q2 2020
bull The study is measuring prevalence not impairment or crash risk
bull Data collection was at 5 sites - not chosen for representativeness which limits the generalizability of the findings
13
14
NHTSA Publications October 2020 October 2020 January 2021
Drug and Alcohol Prevalence in Seriously and Fatally Injured Road Users Before and During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency
Examination of the Traffic Safety Environment During the Second Quarter of 2020Special Report
Update to Special Reports on Traffic Safety During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency Third Quarter Data Third Quarter Data
httpswwwnhtsagovbehavioral-research
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50941
httpswwwnhtsagovbehavioral-research
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
httpswwwnhtsagovbehavioral-research
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
15
NHTSA Publications May 2021 June 2021 June 2021
Early Estimate of Motor Vehicle Traffic Fatalities in 2020
Early Estimates of Motor Vehicle Traffic Fatalities and Fatality Rate by Sub-Categories in 2020
Update to Special Reports on Traffic Safety During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency Fourth Quarter Data Research Note Traffic Safety Facts
httpscrashstatsnhtsadotgovApiPublicViewPublication813115
httpscrashstatsnhtsadotgovApiPublicViewPublication813118
httpswwwnhtsagovbehavioral-researchhttpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot56125
16
NIHrsquos Research on SARS-CoV-2 Positivity
bull To keep our Drug Prevalence study going in Spring 2020 partnered with NIH and share our (de-indentified) blood samples o Testing our samples for SARS-CoV-2o Working on journal article on positivity rate of seriously injured road users o Will then compare results with existing sample they had ofo Kaitlyn Sadtler PhD
Chief Section for Immuno-EngineeringNational Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering National Institutes of Health
Amy Berning Research PsychologistNHTSArsquos Office of Behavioral Safety Researchamyberningdotgov
Drug and Alcohol Prevalence study -Dennis Thomas Principal InvestigatorDunlap and Associates Inc
Thomas F D Berning A Darrah J Graham L Blomberg R Griggs C Crandall M Schulman C Kozar R Neavyn M Cunningham K Ehsani J Fell J Whitehill J Babu K Lai J and Rayner M (2020 October) Drug and alcohol prevalence in seriously and fatally injured road users before and during the COVID-19 public health emergency (DOT HS 813 018) National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
14
NHTSA Publications October 2020 October 2020 January 2021
Drug and Alcohol Prevalence in Seriously and Fatally Injured Road Users Before and During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency
Examination of the Traffic Safety Environment During the Second Quarter of 2020Special Report
Update to Special Reports on Traffic Safety During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency Third Quarter Data Third Quarter Data
httpswwwnhtsagovbehavioral-research
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50941
httpswwwnhtsagovbehavioral-research
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
httpswwwnhtsagovbehavioral-research
httpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot50940
15
NHTSA Publications May 2021 June 2021 June 2021
Early Estimate of Motor Vehicle Traffic Fatalities in 2020
Early Estimates of Motor Vehicle Traffic Fatalities and Fatality Rate by Sub-Categories in 2020
Update to Special Reports on Traffic Safety During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency Fourth Quarter Data Research Note Traffic Safety Facts
httpscrashstatsnhtsadotgovApiPublicViewPublication813115
httpscrashstatsnhtsadotgovApiPublicViewPublication813118
httpswwwnhtsagovbehavioral-researchhttpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot56125
16
NIHrsquos Research on SARS-CoV-2 Positivity
bull To keep our Drug Prevalence study going in Spring 2020 partnered with NIH and share our (de-indentified) blood samples o Testing our samples for SARS-CoV-2o Working on journal article on positivity rate of seriously injured road users o Will then compare results with existing sample they had ofo Kaitlyn Sadtler PhD
Chief Section for Immuno-EngineeringNational Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering National Institutes of Health
Amy Berning Research PsychologistNHTSArsquos Office of Behavioral Safety Researchamyberningdotgov
Drug and Alcohol Prevalence study -Dennis Thomas Principal InvestigatorDunlap and Associates Inc
Thomas F D Berning A Darrah J Graham L Blomberg R Griggs C Crandall M Schulman C Kozar R Neavyn M Cunningham K Ehsani J Fell J Whitehill J Babu K Lai J and Rayner M (2020 October) Drug and alcohol prevalence in seriously and fatally injured road users before and during the COVID-19 public health emergency (DOT HS 813 018) National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
15
NHTSA Publications May 2021 June 2021 June 2021
Early Estimate of Motor Vehicle Traffic Fatalities in 2020
Early Estimates of Motor Vehicle Traffic Fatalities and Fatality Rate by Sub-Categories in 2020
Update to Special Reports on Traffic Safety During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency Fourth Quarter Data Research Note Traffic Safety Facts
httpscrashstatsnhtsadotgovApiPublicViewPublication813115
httpscrashstatsnhtsadotgovApiPublicViewPublication813118
httpswwwnhtsagovbehavioral-researchhttpsrosapntlbtsgovviewdot56125
16
NIHrsquos Research on SARS-CoV-2 Positivity
bull To keep our Drug Prevalence study going in Spring 2020 partnered with NIH and share our (de-indentified) blood samples o Testing our samples for SARS-CoV-2o Working on journal article on positivity rate of seriously injured road users o Will then compare results with existing sample they had ofo Kaitlyn Sadtler PhD
Chief Section for Immuno-EngineeringNational Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering National Institutes of Health
Amy Berning Research PsychologistNHTSArsquos Office of Behavioral Safety Researchamyberningdotgov
Drug and Alcohol Prevalence study -Dennis Thomas Principal InvestigatorDunlap and Associates Inc
Thomas F D Berning A Darrah J Graham L Blomberg R Griggs C Crandall M Schulman C Kozar R Neavyn M Cunningham K Ehsani J Fell J Whitehill J Babu K Lai J and Rayner M (2020 October) Drug and alcohol prevalence in seriously and fatally injured road users before and during the COVID-19 public health emergency (DOT HS 813 018) National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
16
NIHrsquos Research on SARS-CoV-2 Positivity
bull To keep our Drug Prevalence study going in Spring 2020 partnered with NIH and share our (de-indentified) blood samples o Testing our samples for SARS-CoV-2o Working on journal article on positivity rate of seriously injured road users o Will then compare results with existing sample they had ofo Kaitlyn Sadtler PhD
Chief Section for Immuno-EngineeringNational Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering National Institutes of Health
Amy Berning Research PsychologistNHTSArsquos Office of Behavioral Safety Researchamyberningdotgov
Drug and Alcohol Prevalence study -Dennis Thomas Principal InvestigatorDunlap and Associates Inc
Thomas F D Berning A Darrah J Graham L Blomberg R Griggs C Crandall M Schulman C Kozar R Neavyn M Cunningham K Ehsani J Fell J Whitehill J Babu K Lai J and Rayner M (2020 October) Drug and alcohol prevalence in seriously and fatally injured road users before and during the COVID-19 public health emergency (DOT HS 813 018) National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
Amy Berning Research PsychologistNHTSArsquos Office of Behavioral Safety Researchamyberningdotgov
Drug and Alcohol Prevalence study -Dennis Thomas Principal InvestigatorDunlap and Associates Inc
Thomas F D Berning A Darrah J Graham L Blomberg R Griggs C Crandall M Schulman C Kozar R Neavyn M Cunningham K Ehsani J Fell J Whitehill J Babu K Lai J and Rayner M (2020 October) Drug and alcohol prevalence in seriously and fatally injured road users before and during the COVID-19 public health emergency (DOT HS 813 018) National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
