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Dr.R.Aruna Jayamani Faculty NIRDPR, Hyderabad
Introduction
Participatory techniques emphasize on the
importance of involving people i.e., people
participation for the betterment of society
through their involvement in implementation,
execution, monitoring and evaluation of
various developmental programs set by the
government.
DEFINITIONS OF PRA/PLA
PRA (Participatory rural appraisal)
• It is a methodology to involve rural community by
interacting with them and understanding them along with their locality.
PLA (Participatory learning and action)
PLA is a one of the recent terminology in the field of participatory technique.
It is a learning from community , collection of data and carrying actions
Origin of Participatory Learning and
Action 1970s-80s: Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) -
consultation and engagement of rural
communities (Africa)
1980s-90s: Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) –
correcting some limitations of RRA
1990s-00s: Participatory Learning and Action
(PLA) – applications for monitoring and
evaluation
CONCEPT OF PRA/PLA
• A PRA/PLA field exercise is not only for information and idea generation, but it is about analysis and learning by local people.
• It is about building a process of participation, of discussion, communication, and conflict resolution.
• The outsider’s role is that of a catalyst, a facilitator, and convenor of that process within a community
• RRA/PRA/PLA therefore basically aims at a process that empowers local people to change their own conditions and situations. It is intended to enable them to conduct their own analysis to plan and to take action
Principles of PLA
COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
INTERDICIPLINARY TEAM
FLEXIBILITY
OPTIMAL IGNORANCE
TRIANGULATION
PLA Ground Rules
1. Give everyone the opportunity to participate
2. Respect what people say
3. Don’t dominate
4. Be on the same level as the participants
5. Don’t make assumptions
6. Don’t rush
7. ‘Hand over the pen’
8. Learn from mistake
9. Be flexible
10. Make it fun
Process
I. Inclusive and Democratic
II. Relevant
III. Flexible
IV. Rapid and Low-Cost
V. Empowering
Foundations of PLA
PLA
BEHAVIOUR & ATTITUDES
METHODS SHARING
Key Strategies for use of PLA
STRATEGIES
TRIANGULATION
MULTIDISCIPLINARY
TEAM
Outcomes from PLA
• Physical and technical data
• Demographic, health and socio-economic data
• Cultural and opinion data
• Spatial distribution
• Temporal distribution
• Structural Analysis
PLA Relation
Method
Time
Related
PLA
Methods
Space
Related
PLA
Methods
• Social Map
• Resource Map
• Participatory
Modelling Map
• Mobility Map
• Service &
Opportunity
Map
• Transect
• Participatory
Census
Method
• Time Line
• Trend
Analysis
• Historical
transect
• Seasonal
Diagram
• Daily Activity
Schedule
• Dream Map
• Cause & effect
diagram
• Tail Diagram
• Preference
Ranking
• Impact Diagram
• Network
Diagram
• Process Map
• Venn Diagram
• Spider Diagram
• Body Mapping
PLA Tools
Can be grouped depending on which stage of process
A. Early stages
B. Analysis
C. Prioritization and action Planning