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DROUGHTS MANAGEMENT IN SEMI-ARID BRAZIL. by CARLOS MOTTA NUNES, M.Sc. National Water Agency of Brazil - ANA Istanbul, March 2009. GEOPOLITICAL NORTHEAST - 9 STATES. MA PI CE RN. AREA: 1,561,177 km 2 18,3% of the National Territory Nº OF MUNICIPALITIES: 1,187 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Ministry of Environment
DROUGHTS MANAGEMENT IN SEMI-ARID BRAZIL
by CARLOS MOTTA NUNES, CARLOS MOTTA NUNES, M.Sc.M.Sc.
National Water Agency of Brazil - ANA
Istanbul, March 2009
Ministry of Environment
GEOPOLITICAL NORTHEAST - 9 STATES
AREA: 1,561,177 km2
18,3% of the National Territory
Nº OF MUNICIPALITIES: 1,187
POPULATION: 47,741,711 Inhabitants URBAN POPULATION: 32,975,425 (69%)
RURAL POPULATION: 14,766,286 (31%)
HDI (2000) = 0.61
Source:1- Census 2000 IBGE2- IDH: IPEA/ FJP – Atlas do Desenvolvimento Humano do Brasil
MA PI CE RN
BA PE PB SE AL
Ministry of Environment
Semi- Arid Problem
• Low rain levels, concentrated on 3 months • Evaporation much greater than the precipitation • Adverse geologic characteristic (Crystalline Rocks)
Need for reservation, with adequate water resources management
Ministry of Environment
Ex: Rains in the Semi-Arid x Rains in Paris
• Average yaerly rain in Crateús (CE): 826.1mm• Average yearly rain in Paris: 641.5mm
55,0
45,452,2 49,5
62,053,2
58,3
46,052,9 54,9 57,0 55,1
72,0
130,5
229,7
202,0
73,4
23,716,4
5,4 5,8 9,0 11,9
46,3
-
50,0
100,0
150,0
200,0
250,0
jan fev mar abr mai jun jul ago set out nov dez
mês
mm
Paris Crateus
• Evaporation in Crateús: 2904.4mm
Ministry of Environment
ANTECEDENT CONDITIONS FOR DROUGHT MANAGEMENT
• CONCEPT: centered on emergency and focusing on drought “combat”;
• INSTRUMENTS: work forces, food and water stamps + water infrastructure without management;
• PROBLEMS: local politics interference, maintenance of high deficits, no preparedness for the next drought and high public investments
Ministry of Environment
THE NEW STRATEGY
• Water Infrastructure + Water Resources Management
• Instruments: – Strengthening of water resources institutions– implementation of IWRM– planning– civil works
Ministry of Environment
PROAGUA – World Bank loan BR 4310
Component US$ Million
Water resources management and institutional development
37.9
Engineering projects 19.7
Water Infrastructure Development 167.7
Project Monitoring 11.3
TOTAL 236.6
Ministry of Environment
PROAGUA – Water Resources Management Component
• State Water Management Institutions implemented (Ceará, Bahia, RN) ;
• Water Laws developed in all states;
• State Water Resources Plans developed in all States;
• Training of Technical Staff;
• Hydrologic Monitoring systems improved;
• Water permit systems and water charges implemented.
Ministry of Environment
PROÁGUA INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT
Population: 4,728,897 million
Pipelines : 2,635 km
Engineering works: 47
Ministry of Environment
Aracoiaba/Baturité system
Treated Water Pumping Station
Chaval/Barroquinha pipeline
Ministry of Environment
Water Fountain for disperse population water supply
Cariri – PB System – water treatment plant
Ministry of Environment
2,200,000 RURAL HOMES DO NOT HAVE ADEQUATE
WATER SUPPLY
1 HOUR / DAY
(women and children)
Displacement and time spent in obtaining water
WATER SOURCES
3 km average
Ministry of Environment
CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS
• Policies should take into consideration the specificity of supplying water to medium and large human settlements and to the rural disperse population
• Socio-economic development of the NE region of Brazil requires both: water resources infrastructure development and local government involvement
• Strengthening of the State water resources institutions is a basic requirement for the sustainability of the water infrastructure
• Success of PROAGUA suggests that the methodology could be pursued in other regions with similar climatic and social characteristics
Ministry of Environment
TESEKKÜRLER GRACIAS
TAK GRAZIE
OBRIGADOSIYABONGA
MERCI THANKSXIE XIEDANKE