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Drones Awareness Tracker
May 2019
CAA
Objectives of the study
2
Objectives
This is the fourth wave of the Drone Awareness Tracker and it has been built on significantly since wave two. For that
reason, we have expanded our overall objectives to the following:
To track:
- The change in awareness of the Drone code amongst the general UK public and drone users
- The change in levels of recall of the individual rules of the Drone code
To explore and understand:
- Attitudes to future uses of drones
- Awareness, perceptions and attitudes towards drone regulation and safe use
- Attitudes towards penalties for drone misuse
- Attitudes towards education around drone use
Nationally representative sample
3
Sample
Breakdown
51%49%
38%
34%
28%
55+
35-54
18-34
2,003 adults aged 18+ representative of the UK
15 minute online interview
Sample
Drone users
116%
23%
22%
22%
2016 2017 2018 2019
N/A 2% 2% 3%
We conducted a research study consisting of 2,003 adults representative of the UK followed by a boost of drone users
UK POP
Drone User sample
4
Sample
BreakdownSample
Boost of 437 drone users
15 minute online interview
The drone users sample has been weighted to be nationally representative by age, gender and region.
2
24%76%
17%
40%
43%
55+
35-54
18-349%
12%
67%
12%
Average frequency
of flying per month
Years experience
using a drone
Reason for flying a
drone
5 times 2 yearsFor fun 79%
Photography 52%
Racing 12%
DRONE
USERS
Executive summary
5
Executive summary
Awareness of the drone code (unprompted and prompted) has increased marginally, with small increases now seen year on year since 2016. Compared with previous years, there appears to be more of a mix of sources for seeing the drone code, with the suggestion it is appearing in more offline sources.Awareness of staying away from aircraft and airports continues to rise – perhaps unsurprising as it will have been boosted by the recent Gatwick drone incident coverage.
There is a clear link between safety and registration for both users and the public at large, with an appetite for the proposed Govt. legislation around mandatory registration.
There is also a big appetite for increasing regulation concerning the ‘where and how’ of drone flying. Generally, people expect the police to investigate reports of misuse; with flying too close to airports or people being the most likely reasons to report drone users.There is still mixed perceptions however, as to whom has overall responsibility to enforcing penalties for misuse - across the police, CAA, the Govt, security services etc.
Executive summary
6
Executive summary
The vast majority of both the public at large and drone users agree that there should be penalties in place for breaking the drone code. Large fines are generally preferred, although prison sentences for flying near an airport and bans for some other ‘lesser’ offences have support.
Drone users are a little less likely to support ‘large’ fines than the general public but largely the support for other penalties is just as high as the public as a whole.
Interestingly, with the exception of no flying near airports, which is generally acknowledged to be law, views are very much polarised as to whether areas that the drone code covers are law or guidance; with this in mind there is some opportunity for further education.
2019 sees small increases across the board (for the most part) for acceptance of future drone services, with search and rescue still the most accepted. As in 2018, the services which are most accepted are those which could be seen as more in the public interest, however more commercial services such as deliveries and sports coverage are on the increase too.
1 AwarenessIdentifying changes in awareness of the Drone code
3Safety and educationMeasuring perceptions towards drone safety and education
The futureUnderstanding expectations of drones in the future 2
AWARENESS
Identifying changes in recognition and recall of the Drone code
Awareness of the Drone code
9
Awareness
Awareness of the Drone code amongst the UK population sees a marginal increase this year from 18% to 19%.
Sources of knowledge have also seen a shift this year from online sources in 2018 to more offline sources in
2019
UK POP
31%
21%
11%
Onlinesource
Offlinesource
Dedicatednews site
11%
Drone code
awareness
2016
16% 18% 19%
2017 2018 2019
31%
18% 17%
Onlinesource
Offlinesource
Social mediaplatform(exc.youtube/vid
sharing)
27%
23%
18%
Offlinesource
Onlinesource
Dedicatednews site
Q2. Have you heard of the ‘Dronecode’? Q3. Where did you hear about the Dronecode?
2019 UK pop (2003) 2018 UK Pop (2008) 2017 UK pop (2019)
Where did you hear about the Dronecode?
Sources of information
10
Awareness
Of those aware of the Drone code, the biggest mover in offline sources was via ‘someone who uses a drone’,
whilst the CAA website is getting more recognition than in previous years.
Reflecting the fact that drones are getting more and more coverage in the news, ‘online news site’ continues
to increase as a source of information.
UK POP
21%
31%
11%
8%
5%
8%9%
6% 6%5% 5%
4% 4% 4%
18%
31%
15%
8%9%
17%15%
7%
14%
10%
4%5%
4%3%
27%
23%
18%
15%13% 12%
10% 10% 9% 8%
5% 4% 3% 2%
Offline Online Online news site By someone whouses a drone
Drone forum Social media I was told aboutit from a
friend/family
CAA website Video onYoutube
Dronesafe.co.ukwebsite
Manufacturerspackaging
Retailer in-storegave me it
Retailer in-storetold me it
Online retailersent me it
2017 2018 2019
Q3 Where did you hear about the Drone code?
Those who have heard of the Drone Code 2019 (381) 2018 (367) 2017 (305)
Awareness of the Drone code
11
Awareness
54%46%
2016
Yes – have heard of it
No – have not heard of it
71%
29%
2018
Q2 “Have you heard of the Drone code”
Base: all drone users 2019 (506)
53%47%
2019
DRONE
USERS
Awareness of the term ‘Drone code’ has fallen back to the level seen in 2016 amongst drone users.
Have you heard of the ‘Drone code’?
Unprompted recall of Drone code content
12
Awareness
Recall of specific Drone code content around airports has increased in 2019. It is perhaps unsurprising that other
rules outlined by the Drone code have seen a slight dip as drone misuse around airports has saturated the news and
thus likely to saturate recall. There is currently little awareness of the new rules introduced in 2019.
27%
35%
9%
3%1% 1%
49% 48%
8%
3%5%
1%
56%
37%
9%
4% 3% 2% 1% 0%
Stay well away fromaircraft, airports and
airfields
Keep the rightdistance from people
and property
Always keep yourdrone in sight
You are responsiblefor each flight/legally
responsible
Stay below 400 ft(120m)
Keep 5km from theend of an airport
runway
Follow manufacturer'sinstructions
Keep 2-2.5nm fromthe centre of anairport airspace
2017 2018 2019
Q4 What rules and guidelines do you think the Drone code covers in relation to Drone flying/operating?”
Those who have heard of the Drone Code 2019 (381) 2018 (367) 2017 (305)
UK POP
Unprompted recall of Drone code content
13
Awareness
Awareness of the rules and content of the Drone code has increased across nearly all metrics with a significant
increase in awareness of staying away from airports and property.
17%
24%
11%
6%
10%
2%
50%
37%
17%
4%
13%
2% 1% 1%
Stay well away fromaircraft, airports and
airfields
Keep the rightdistance from people
and property
Always keep yourdrone in sight
You are responsiblefor each flight/legally
responsible
Stay below 400 ft(120m)
Keep 5km from theend of an airport
runway
Follow manufacturer'sinstructions
Keep 2-2.5nm fromthe centre of anairport airspace
2018 2019
Q4 What rules and guidelines do you think the Drone code covers in relation to Drone flying/operating?”
Those who have heard of the Drone Code 2019 (247) 2018 (251)
DRONE
USERS
Drone code – awareness of height restrictions
14
Awareness
Q5B “Which of the following distances in height form the ground do you think you are permitted to fly a drone?”
2019 UK pop (2003) 2018 UK Pop (2008) 2017 UK pop (2019). Drone users 2019 (506)
7%
3%
8%
4%
9%
12%
Prompted Unprompted
Awareness of 400ft restriction
2017 2018 2019
7%
3%
22%
13%
26%
16%
Prompted Unprompted
Awareness of 400ft restriction
2017 2018 2019
There is a general increase in prompted and unprompted awareness in terms of flying height restrictions
in 2019.
15
Awareness
4%
8%
11%
15%
85%
77%
Users
Gen public
No drone flying
near airports
Must not be
flown over 400ft
No drone flying
in built cities
No drone flying in
built up areas
18%
49%
26%
24%
56%
27%
Users
Gen public
13%
37%
44%
35%
43%
28%
Users
Gen public
12%
37%
42%
41%
46%
22%
Users
Gen public
Don’t know
Q6B. As far as you are aware, are the following restrictions on drone flight legal requirements or non-legally binding guidelines? 2019 UK pop (2003) Drone users (506)
Only a guide
This is the law
In general, there is a great deal of uncertainty as to whether some of the Drone code rules are
the law or just guidance; the exception is for ‘no drone flying near airports’ where the vast majority
of people recognise this is the law.
Law or guidance?
Prompted Drone code awareness
16
Awareness
After being shown the new Drone code (revised in 2019), recall has increased marginally compared with 2018.
There is, however, still a disconnect of those who think they have heard of the Drone code compared to those who
recognise the code when shown it.
Q7a “Do you recall seeing the Drone code before today?” Q2. Have you heard of the ‘Drone code’?
2019 UK pop (2003) 2018 UK Pop (2008) 2017 UK pop (2019)
Have you heard of the Drone
code?
16% 18% 19%
84% 82% 81%
Yes No
2017 2018 2019
UK POP
8% 9% 12%
92% 91% 88%
Yes No
2017 2018 2019
Do you recall seeing the Drone code before
today?Shown
Dronecode
Prompted Drone code recall
17
Awareness
Q7a “Do you recall seeing the Drone code before today?” Drone users (506)
58%50%
42%50%
Yes No
2018 2019
DRONE
USERS
Do you recall seeing the Dronecode before today?
There has been a slight reduction in
prompted awareness of the Drone
code amongst drone users. This
may be due to the introduction of
the new code in which some drone
users may not be as familiar with.
Shown
Dronecode
Registration awareness
18
Awareness
Q13 “Before today, were you aware that drone owners could potentially be asked to officially register themselves as a drone operator in the future?”
2019 UK pop (2003) 2018 UK Pop (2008)
20%
64%
27%
65%
2018 2019
*2018 Fieldwork ran until June 3rd so some of the drone user sample may have been influenced by the government announcement on 30th
May.
Were you aware that drone owners could potentially
be asked to officially register themselves as a drone
operator in the future?
Naturally, drone users are much more likely to be aware of future registration legislation than the public at large,
however at two thirds awareness, this proportion is still the same as in 2018.
Registration and drone safety
19
Awareness
33%
40%
21%
1%
6%
39% 39%
19%
1% 2%
A lot more safely A little more safely No difference A little less safely A lot less safely
UK public
Drones users
Do you think if drone owners had to register their drone
with a governing body this would change how drones
were being flown?
Very encouragingly, the majority of both the UK public and drone users think that compulsive drone
registration would improve drone safety
Q14. The government are considering bringing in legislation which legally requires a drone to be registered. How do you feel about this possible legislation? Drones would
be flown….
2019 UK pop (2003) Drone users (506)
Legislation and Registration
20
Awareness
3%6%
19%
38%
37%
Very bad idea Bad idea Neither good nor bad idea Good idea Very good idea
Q15. The government are considering bringing in legislation which legally requires a drone to be registered. How do you feel about this possible legislation? I think it’s a…
2019 Drone users (506)
The majority think bringing in legislation
which legally requires a drone to be
registered would be a good idea. This is
in line with the finding that most feel that
drone registration will increase how
safely drones are flown
74%
The government are considering bringing in legislation which legally
requires a drone to be registered. How do you feel about this possible
legislation? I think it’s a…
Legislation and Regulations
21
Awareness
30%
22%27%
38%
49%44%
32%29% 29%
Drone user Drone owner Drone user and owner
Pass a drone 'driving' test Register their drone Neither
45%
34%37%
35%
46% 45%
20% 20%
5%
Drone user Drone owner Drone user and owner
Pass a drone 'driving' test Register their drone Neither
What do you think the following types of drone user have to do before
they are legally permitted to fly a drone?
Q16. What do you think the following types of drone user have to do before they are legally permitted to fly a drone?”
2019 UK pop (2003) Drone users (506)
There is a real mix in understanding across both drone users and the UK public about drone flying regulations.
Drone users in particular are likely to think legal permission to fly a drone involves passing a drone test.
THE FUTURE
Understanding expectations of drones in the future
Future services provided by drones
23
Future
Q9 “Which, if any, of the following services would you be willing to see provided by drones?”
2019 UK pop (2003) 2018 UK Pop (2008) 2017 UK pop (2019).
70%
59% 59%54% 53%
50%45%
40% 38%
19% 18%11% 10%
2016 2017 2018 2019
There has been an increase in willingness to see drones introduced across nearly all services in 2019. Search and
rescue remains the most popular; this indicates increased acceptance of drones by the general public
UK POP
The journey of drone introduction
23
Future
Within 5 years Within 10 years 10 years plus
Using drones in a
visual/tracking
capacity such as
search and rescue,
traffic monitoring
and filming (e.g.
sports coverage 4.4
years)
Q10. What are your expectations for potential uses of drones in the future? UK pop (2003)
More expectation of
health/emergency
services, such as
‘emergency
health/medicine
delivery’ (6.2 years)
and ‘donor organ
transport’ (7.7 years)
Expectation of
larger scale
commercial and
personal use, such
as cargo flights
(11.8 years) and
taxis (13.6 years)
The majority of drone uses/services are estimated to be employed within the next 5 to 10 years. As
years pass, the general public think drones will be trusted with more tasks.
UK POP
Future service % who think this will happen
Expected avg. no. of yrs until introduction
Already introduced?
Search and rescue 94% 4.7
Filming/media 93% 4.1
Agriculture 93% 4.5
Traffic monitoring 92% 4.3
Powerline inspection 92% 4.6
Sports coverage 92% 4.4
Emergency health / medicine
delivery87% 6.2
Utility services repair 87% 7.3
Retail product deliveries 81% 7.5
Donor organ transport 79% 7.7
Food supply deliveries 76% 8.3
Cargo Flights 66% 11.8
Personal transport (TAXI) 64% 13.6
Future
UK POP
Q10. What are your expectations for potential uses of drones in the future? UK pop (2003)
Expectations about introduction ofdrone services
Drone taxis expectations
26
Future
28%16%
22%
12%
31%
22%
13%
27%
5%
23%
UK public Drone users
Very Postively Postive Neutral negatively Very negatively
36%
15%
20%
13%
24%
18%
14%
29%
6%
25%
UK public Drone usersYes, definitely Yes, probably Unsure
No probaly not No, definitely not
If cities introduced drone taxis how do you think
you would feel towards them?And would you be open to travelling in drone taxis in
the future?
Q10B “It has been suggested that drones may be used as taxis in the future. A drone taxi would be an unmanned aerial vehicle that carries passengers If cities introduced drone taxis which
transported people around like regular taxis, how do you think you would feel towards them?
Q10C Q:Q10C. And would you be open to travelling in drone taxis in the future?
2019 UK pop (2003) 2018 UK Pop (2008) 2017 UK pop (2019).
With drone taxis a new concept for people, it is unsurprising that on balance sentiment is more negative
than positive currently; however drone users are considerably more positive than the general public
19% 20%
54%50%
SAFETY AND EDUCATION
Measuring perceptions towards drone safety and education
Increasing regulation of drone flights
43%
28%
18%
9%
Yes, a lot moreregulation
Yes, a bit moreregulation
No, it is about right
No, there should bea lot less regulation
Don’t know / not sure
28
Safety and education
Do you think there needs to be more or less
regulation on where and how people can fly
drones?
More
71%
24%
36%
31%
5%4%
Yes, a lot moreregulation
Yes, a bit moreregulation
No, it is about right
No, there should bea lot less regulation
Don’t know / not sure
More
60%
Q11 Do you think there needs to be more or less regulation on where and how people can fly drones?
2019 UK pop (2003) 2019 Drone users (501)
Both the UK public and drone users would be comfortable with more regulation; drone users are
less inclined to think there needs to be ‘a lot more regulation’ vs. the public at large.
What happens when drone misuse occurs?
30
Safety and education
77%
62%
50%
29% 27%
14%
Flying adrone nearan airports,airfields or
aircrafts
Flying adrone toclose topeople
Flying adrone toclose toproperty
Flying adrone above
400 Ft(120m)
The drone iscreating toomuch noisein a public
place
The drone isvisually
polluting asight ofnaturalbeauty
For which of the following reasons would you report
drone misuse….
The police would investigate
the issue as with any criminal
activity
59%
Give a statement
32%
The CAA (regulatory body)
would investigate the issue
27%
What would you expect to happen if you reported
drone misuse?
Q11c. Thinking about any misuse of drones you may witness, which, if any, of the following actions would you take to report the issue?
Q11E What would you expect to happen if you reported drone misuse?
2019 UK pop (2003)
Encouragingly, drone misuse is considered a serious offence, with the majority expecting it would lead
to a criminal investigation
UK POP
Who do you think is responsible for enforcing drone misuse?
8%
3%
4%
4%
5%
13%
30%
33%
3%
2%
5%
7%
13%
15%
30%
24%
No-one is responsible for enforcing drone misuse
Armed forces
Drone industry
A Regulator body such as the CAA
Security services
The Government
The Police
Both the police and a regulatory body
Drone users Uk adults
Q11A. Who do you think is responsible for enforcing drone misuse? 2019 UK pop (2003) 2019 Drone users (501)
Safety and education
Enforcing drone misuse
29
63%Police (and or with regulatory
body) are commonly thought to
be responsible for enforcing
drone misuse, indicating Brits are
aware that drone misconduct is a
serious offence that carries legal
consequences
8%The general public are more
likely to think that no one is
responsible for enforcing drone
rules than drone users are
UK POP
Importance of flying safely
31
Safety and education
93% 89%96% 94%
4% 5%3% 4%4% 6% 1% 2%
Q8 “Thinking now only about private/recreational drone flying, how important or unimportant do you think it is that all people who fly drones adhere to all of the rules and guidelines in the Drone code?” 2019 UK pop (2003) 2018 UK Pop (2008
2018 2019 2018 2019
How important or unimportant do you think it is that
all people who fly drones adhere to all of the rules
and guidelines in the Dronecode?
Not important
Important
Don’t know
There is agreement among drone users and the general public that Drone code rules should be adhered to.
The majority feel that more regulation is needed
32
Safety and education
There is consensus among the UK public that more regulation is needed, with severe consequences if
regulations are not followed correctly
What, if anything, do you think should be the penalty for causing
significant disruption to an airport?
1%
2%
8%
15%
19%
42%
44%
57%
Other
No penalty should beimposed
Small fine
Police caution
Fixed term drone flyingban
Imprisonment
Drone flying ban
Hefty fine
The types of penalties for
flying a drone near an airports
are severe with hefty fines, a
lifetime ban and
imprisonment being the most
common
Q11. Do you think there needs to be more or less regulation on where and how people can fly drones?
Q11.2. What, if anything, do you think should be the penalty for causing significant disruption to an airport, i.e. causing the grounding of flights? 2019 UK pop (2003)
Punishment for breaking the Drone code
33
Safety and education
The vast majority of the UK public think there should be punishments for breaking the Drone code, with the most
common being a large fine. Unsurprisingly, breaking airport regulations are associated with more serious fines
such as prison sentences.
Q12. If a drone user doesn’t abide by the rules laid out by the Dronecode, what would you expect the punishment to be? UK pop (2003)
No drone flying near airports
400ft limitNo drone flying in
built up areas
No drone flying in city centres
Large fine 33%
Prison sentence
25%
Lifetime ban 17%
Criminal record
10%
Short-term ban
5%
Police caution 4%
Small fine 3%
98%
Large fine 32%
Prison sentence
7%
Lifetime ban 11%
Criminal record
4%
Short-term ban
14%
Police caution 11%
Small fine 18%
Large fine 29%
Prison sentence
4%
Lifetime ban 10%
Criminal record
3%
Short-term ban
14%
Police caution 14%
Small fine 19%
Large fine 28%
Prison sentence
4%
Lifetime ban 11%
Criminal record
3%
Short-term ban
14%
Police caution 14%
Small fine 19%
98% 95%96%
UK POP
Punishment for breaking the Dronecode
34
Safety and education
For drone users, flying near airports is deemed the most severe rule break and penalties are more likely
associated with this violation. For other rule breaks, a small fine is the punishment that most feel is appropriate.
Q12. If a drone user doesn’t abide by the rules laid out by the Dronecode, what would you expect the punishment to be? UK pop (2003)
No drone flying near airports
400ft limitNo drone flying in
built up areas
No drone flying in city centres
Large fine 27%
Prison sentence
27%
Lifetime ban 14%
Criminal record
8%
Short-term ban
5%
Police caution 5%
Small fine 12%
99%
Large fine 19%
Prison sentence
9%
Lifetime ban 12%
Criminal record
2%
Short-term ban
13%
Police caution 14%
Small fine 22%
Large fine 21%
Prison sentence
10%
Lifetime ban 7%
Criminal record
2%
Short-term ban
15%
Police caution 12%
Small fine 26%
Large fine 20%
Prison sentence
9%
Lifetime ban 8%
Criminal record
2%
Short-term ban
17%
Police caution 11%
Small fine 24%
93% 91%92%
DRONE USERS
Points of education on safe drone use
Safety and education
There is a consensus that education is needed when flying a drone, with this being ‘part of the registration
scheme’ remaining the most popular suggestion.
4%
19%
23%
36%
40%
72%
6%
12%
27%
37%
42%
65%
No education needed
In schools
App based training
Instructions in manual
Online training courses
Part of drone registrationscheme
How should drone users should be educated?
2019 2018
2019 (UK pop. 2003) 2018 (2008) Q17a “How do you think drone users should be educated on safe drone usage?” Q17b “And at what point should education take place?”
UK POP
11%
40%
18%
28%
18%
66%
8%
33%
19%
29%
16%
63%
In schools
In store before purchase
At home after purchase
Training schemes
In store after purchase
Part of registration scheme
2019 2018
And at what point should education take place?
Point of education
Safety and education
Similarly to the UK public, there is an agreement on the importance of drone education among drone users. However
there is more of a preference for online platforms to provide the information; this could be online training courses
and app-based education for example.
4%
26%
38%
39%
48%
45%
5%
12%
43%
47%
58%
46%
No education needed
In schools
App based training
Instructions in manual
Online training courses
Part of drone registrationscheme
How should drone users should be educated?
2019 2018
13%
52%
37%
11%
35%
34%
11%
33%
35%
21%
33%
51%
In schools
In store before purchase
At home after purchase
Training schemes
In store after purchase
Part of registration scheme
2019 2018
Drone users 2019 (506) 2018 (352 )Q17a “How do you think drone users should be educated on safe drone usage?” Q17b “And at what point should education take place?”
What point should education take place?
DRONE USERS
Responsibility for education
Safety and education
Drone users are less likely than the general public to think it is the CAA’s responsibility to share the Drone code, instead believing it is a job for the retailers and manufacturers.
5%
11%
20%
25%
39%
1%
15%
11%
30%
43%
Police
The government
Industry regulator
The retailer
The manufacturer
Who is responsible for sharing the Drone code?
Droneusers
UK pop2019
UK pop. 2003; Q18. Who, if anyone, do you think should have responsibility for sharing the Dronecode to those purchasing drones?
Manufacturers and retailers
are expected to have the
most responsibility for
sharing the Drone code with
relatively little responsibility
placed with the government
or police, in line with 2018.
Drone education in schools
6%
25%
31%
19%
20%
Strongly agree Agree
Disagree Strongly disagree
Don't know
37
Safety and education
31%Agree
Some have suggested that safe drone usage
should be introduced to school curriculum,
to what extent do you agree with this?
58%
41%
53%
Which, if any, of the following would be a good way
to introduce drone safety into schools?
Drone lessonsDemonstrations
of how to use a
drone
Drone expert talks Drone club
38%
Q19. Some have suggested that safe drone usage should be introduced to school curriculum? To what
extent do you agree with this? UK pop. 2003
UK POP
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