dro mSvidobisa #1, 2001

konfliqtologiis centris axali wamowyebis Sesaxeb

omi da mSvidoba jon bartonis xedviT

konfliqtebis mogvareba rogorc politikuri filosofia (jon bartoni)

moTxovnilebebi da urTierTgagebis siZneleebi (dali berekaSvili)

studentis Tvalsazrisi (naniko baramiZe)

interviuebi bartonis Temaze

“me mTis mwvervalze viyavi” (ia merkvilaZe)

qalis da mamakacis sxeuli XX saukunis perspeqtividan (nana berekaSvili)

Tvalsazrisebi

gamonaTqvamebi mSvidobisa da samarTlis Sesaxeb

demokratia Tu konstituciuri liberalizmi (rusudan mSvidobaZe)

qarTuli sazogadoeba dRes: adaptaciuri krizisi (gaga niJaraZe)

ra aris mediacia (Tamuna cixisTavi)

Semoqmedeba, TanagrZnoba, araZaladoba - mxatvruli rubrika

“qalis subieqtivizmi molodinebis diskursSi” (nino cixisTavi)

“pirveli rusi” (laSa buRaZe)

Tavisufali zona (tusiaÿ beriZe)

“siyvarulis doqtrina” (irakli kakabaZe)

konfliqtologiis centris axali wamowyebis Sesaxeb

giorgi xuciSvili

`konfliqtebisa da molaparakebebis saerTaSoriso kvleviT centrs~ qarTuli

sazogadoeba ufro metad Semoklebuli saxelwodebiT icnobs - rogorc `konfliq-

tologiis centrs~. centri dafuZnda 1994 wlis 8 agvistos da mas Semdeg aqtiurad

moRvaweobs konfliqtebis kvlevis, adreuli gamovlenisa da konstruqciuli

gadawyvetis dargSi. es moRvaweoba farTo speqtriT gaiSala, zedmiwevniT

konkretuli praq-tikuli samuSaoebidan (mag., afxazeTidan devnilTa kompaqtur

dasaxlebebSi Temis mobilizatorTa momzadeba da regionebSi devnilTa jgufebisaTvis

treningebis Catareba) Teorioul gamokvlevebamde (kavkasiis regionuli

usafrTxoebisa da integraciis perspeqtivebi da sxv.). centris aqtivSia konfliqtis

zonebTan Catarebuli inici-ativebi, maT Soris samoqalaqo diplomatiis xaziT

pirveli qarTul-afxazuri da qarTul-osuri kontaqtebi, saerTaSoriso programebSi

monawileoba, regionuli da saerTaSoriso konferenciebis mowyoba. centrSi pirvelad

Seiqmna samecniero modeli, romlis safuZvelze yvelaze rTul regionebSi

warmatebiT aprobirebul iqna socialuri konfliqtebis adreuli gamovlenisa da

monitoringis qseli. centri kargadaa cnobili saerTaSoriso profesiul wreebSi,

akeTebs saeqsperto Sefasebebs. centris mier Catarebuli samuSaoebisa da gamocemuli

publikaciebis sia Sors wagviyvanda.

centris mTels muSaobas wiTel zolad gasdevs saqarTveloSi demokratuili refor-

mebisa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis mSeneb-lobis mxardaWera, sazogadoebaSi

samoqalaqo RirebulabaTa sistemis, mSvidobis kulturis aRzrdis xelSewyoba. am

amocanaTa mxardasa-Werad, 2000 wlis miwuruls, saqarTveloSi aSS-s saelCosa da

ltolvilTa daniis sabWos mxardaWeriT, centrTan Seiqmna samoqalaqo dialogis

klubi `akordi~. am amocanebs emsaxureba agreTve centris axali farTomasStabiani

programa `ganaTleba mSvidobis mSeneblobis dargSi da konfliq-tebis mogvarebis

treningi~, romelic holandiuri arasamTavrobo humanitaruli fondis `kordeidis~

finansuri mxardaWeriT xorcieldeba. am programis farglebSi daiwyo axali

perioduli gamocemis, Jurnal `dro mSvidobisa~-s gamoSveba, romlis pirveli nomeri

Tqven dagvdeT pativi da gadaSaleT. centrisa da Jurnalis profilis

gaTvaliswinebiT, gamoqveynebuli masalebi mieZRvneba Cveni sazogadoebis yvelaze

aqtualuri da mtkivneuli problemebis gaSuqebas, mkiTxvelis informirebas sazoga-

doebriv cxovrebaSi siaxleebis Sesaxeb. daibeWdeba rogorc praqtikuli, aseve

Teoriuli mimarTulebis masalebi. ra Tqma unda, gaSuqdeba programis msvleloba,

centrisa da klubis muSaobis sxva mimar-Tulebebi. amave dros, vecdebiT, Jurnali ar

iyos gadatvirTuli da damZimebuli, masalebi mkiTxvels mivawodoT SeZlebis-

dagvarad saxaliso da saintereso formiT, raTa Jurnals Tavisi mkiTxveli hyavdes.

cxadia, rom axali Jurnali aRmoCn-deba Tavisi mowodebis simaRleze mxolod da

mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu igi gaiTva-liswinebs mkiTxvelis molodinebs, intere-sebs

da Tu misi saredaqcio jgufi gamoiCens swrafad cvalebadi garemos Sesaferis

dinamiurobas, moqnilobas da SeZlebs win gauswros movlenebs. amis sawindari unda

gaxdes redaqciisa da mkiTxvelTa mudmivi ukukavSiri da TanamSromloba. CvenTvis

udidesi miRweva da bedniereba iqneba, Tu Jurnals male mkiTxvelTa stabiluri,

aqtiuri da madlieri wre Camouyalibdeba.

keTili mgzavroba vusurvoT axal Jurnals, raTa male dagvidges `dro mSvidobisa~.

giorgi xuciSvili

omi da mSvidoba jon bartonis xedviT

cnobili avstralieli saxelmwifo moRvawe da politologi, konfliqtebis

mogvarebis dargis erT-erTi pioneri, jon bartoni gaxlavT axali socialuri

mozRvrebis Zireul adamianur moTxovnilebaTa (saWiroebaTa) Teoriis erT-erTi

fuZemdebeli. doqtori bartoni iyo avstraliis yvelaze axalgazrda sagareo saqmeTa

ministri 1947-idan 1951 wlamde. mas piradad aqvs miRebuli monawileoba

gaerTianebuli erebis Camoyalibebasa da dekolonizaciis procesSi.

1963 wlidan jon bartoni iwyebs aqtiur akademiur-praqtikul moRvaweobas did

britaneTsa da amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi. am wlebis ganmavlobaSi is ayalibebs

Zireul adamianur RirebulebaTa Teorias da usadagebs mas konfliqtebis mogvarebis

sakiTxs. bartons yovelTvis ainteresebda Zaladobis alternativis povnis sakiTxi

nebismier socialur wreSi da garemoSi. is msoflios istoriaSi Sedis rogorc

gamorCeuli optimisti, humanisti moRvawe, romelmac praqtikuli da Teoriuli

Sroma didi warmatebiT SeaTavsa erTmaneTTan. igi iTvleba erT-erT yvelaze

avtoritetul praqtikosad saerTaSoriso molaparakebebis warmoebis praqtikaSi. herb

kelmanTan erTad bartons SemoRebuli aqvs problemebis gadaWris TanamSromlobiTi

meTodis praqtika, sadac mesame mxare Zalovan pozicias amjobinebs fasilitaciis da

ufro Tanasworuflebian xelSewyobis formas. aseTi meTodebiT mas msoflios araerT

qveyanaSi Cautarebia TanamSromlobiTi seminarebi, sadac is warmoadgenda mTavar

dasayrden Zalas dapirispirebul mxareTaTvis sakuTari konfliqtis mogvarebis

saqmeSi. misi qarizmatiuli figura da mdidari politikuri kontaqtebi, raRa Tqma

unda xels uwyobda mis praqtikul warmatebas. magram mTavari elementi mis

warmatebaSi yovelTvis iyo is gansxvavebuli xedva, romelic bartons yovelTvis

aqcevda erT-erT yvelaze progresul figurad Tanamed-roveebs Soris. is Sors idga

nebismieri ideologiuri da politikuri dogmebisagan da sakuTar filosofias

praqtikaze ageb-da.

Zireul adamianur RirebulebaTa Teoriis safuZvlad bartonma aiRo socialur

fsiqologTa, progresul politologTa da bihevioristTa erTi nawilis principi:

Tuki Zireuli adamianuri moTxovnilebani ar aris dakmayofilebuli, maSin

sazogadoeba yovel-Tvis dgas Zaladobrivi konfliqtis saSiS-roebis winaSe. maslous

moTxovnilebaTa ierarqiaze dayrdnobiT bartonma SeimuSava egreTwodebuli

ontologiur moTxovni-lebaTa Teoria, romlis sakiTxTa diapazoni scildeba Cveul

fsiqo-socialur moTxovni-lebebs. aseT moTxovnilebebs Soris bartoni asaxelebs

usafrTxoebas (fizikurs, fsiqo-logiurs, socialurs Tu ekonomikurs), identurobas

(TviTgamorkvevas), pativiscemas, jgufTan kuTvnilebas da ase Semdeg. bartonis Rrma

rwmeniT sazogadoeba mudmivi ganviTarebis gzazea da istoriis sxvadasxva etapebze

SesaZlebelia am moTxovnilebaTagan metis an naklebis dakmayofileba, rogorc

individualurad, aseve koleqtiurad.

dRevandeli saqarTvelos aspeqtSi Zalian sainteresoa arsebuli problemebis da

mwvave konfliqtebis Sefaseba bartoni-seuli prizmiT. Zalian mniSvnelovania imis

gageba Tu ramdenad aris dakmayofilebuli Cveni mosaxleobis didi nawilis materia-

luri, fsoqo-socialuri da agreTve onto-logiuri moTxovnilebani. xdeba Tu ara

garkveuli samTavrobo Tu korporatiuli jgufebis mier imis gaazreba rom am

moTxov-nilebaTa daukmayofileblobam SeiZleba migviyvanos socialur katastrofamde

(Tuki ukve misulni ara varT) da masiuri Zala-dobis axali ciklis dawyebamde.

bartoni xazs usvams Zaladobis prevenciis (winaswar Tavidan acilebis) did rols

sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi. amis aRsaniSnavad man axali terminic ki SemoiRo,

romelsac “proven-cia” uwoda. misi mrwamsis Tanaxmad sazoga-doebrivi meqanizmi

yovelTvis unda iyos proaqtiuri, radganac reaqcia ukve momxdar ubedurebaze

xSirad aseTive negatiuria. Zalian xSir SemTxvevaSi xom am prevenciuli, konfliqtis

winaswar Tavidan acilebis samuSaos ararsebobas mivyavarT im donemde, rom mere

mxolod Zaladobis faqtis dafiqsireba gvixdeba.

logikuri kiTxva, romelic saqarTve-losTan da saerTod samxreT kavkasiasTan

mimarTebaSi ismeba bartonuli gadmosaxedidan aris, ramdenad mimdinareobs es

prevenciuli samuSao dRevandel sazogadoebaSi? jorj bernard Sous “pigmalioni”

karg magaliTad SeiZleba CaiTvalos am socialuri mimarTu-lebebis analizisas.

socialuri mdgoma-reobisa da statusis gaumjobeseba adamians naklebad agresiuls

da Sesabamisad sazoga-doebisaTvis naklebad saSiSs xdis. ramdenad mimdinareobs dRes

saqarTveloSi konfliq-tebis gamomwvevi mizezebis aRmofxvraze muSaoba? aris Tu ara

meti samuSao Casata-rebeli konfliqtebis winaswar Tavidan acilebisaTvis

proaqtiurad dRevandel saqar-TveloSi da ZiriTadad ra sferoebSi unda

mimdinareobdes es samuSao?

ramdenad aris dakmayofilebuli Zireuli adamianuri moTxovnileba usafrT-xoebisa?

am SemTxvevaSi laparakia ara mxo-lod fizikur, aramed fsiqo-socialur, ekonomikur

usafrTxoebis ganzomilebebzec.

ramdenad dakmayofilebulia identu-robis (TviTgamorkvevis) moTxovnileba? am

SemTxvevaSi laparakia rogorc individis, aseve jgufuri identurobis kategoriebze.

eTnikuri sakiTxi bolo wlebSi Zalian mwvaved warmoCinda, magram amave dros Cven

arc ise xSirad vlaparakobT klasobriv, sqesobriv, religiur Tu sxva identurobaze.

TviTgamorkvevis moTxovnilebis daukmayo-fileblobac xom ueWvelad iwvevs

socialur konfliqtebs.

da bolos ramdenad pativiscemiT epyrobian Cvens qveyanaSi moqalaqeebs? arsebobs Tu

ara saqarTveloSi dRes meorexarisxovani, mesamerxarsixovani da saerTod

arasrulfasovani moqalaqis faq-tori? da ra mizezi aqvs kulturulad Tu

struqturulad am Zireuli moTxov-nilebis daukmayofileblobas vTqvaT regio-nebis

magaliTze. ramdenad aucilebeli da garduvalia sofleli-qalaqeli, qali-kaci,

qarTveli-araqarTveli, “kaitipi-goimi”, “devnili-adgilobrivi” da ase Semdeg

dialeqtikis arseboba da ramdenad socia-lurad saxifaTo donezea nebismieri es

dapirispireba.

Cven ra Tqma unda Cveni sakuTari pasuxebi unda veZeboT am kiTxvebze, magram jon

bartoniseuli analitikuri CarCoebi SesaZloa gamosadegi aRmoCndes zogierTi swori

socialuri diagnozis dasmisaTvis. amave dros sainteresoa bartonis xedvis qarTuli

kritikis mosmenac, radganac yvela universalur Teorias moeZebneba kritika nebismier

kulturaSi.

konfliqtebis mogvareba rogorc politikuri filosofia

jon bartoni, avstralia

konfliqtebis mogvareba SedarebiT axali cnebaa, romelic jerjerobiT ar aris

romelime sayovelTaod aRiarebuli msofl-xedvelobis nawili. marTlac rom,

terminebi uTanxmoeba da konfliqti, iseve rogorc mogvareba da gadawyveta

urTierTmonacvle-obiT ixmareba. axal literaturaSi konfliq-tebis mogvarebaze am

terminebs gansxvavebuli Sinaarsi aqvT. “uTanxmoeba” moicavs mola-parakebad

interesebs, maSin rodesac “kon-fliqti” exeba iseT sakiTxebs, romlebzec

molaparakeba ar xerxdeba, sakiTxebs romlebic adamianis ontologiur moTxov-

nilebebs exeba da romlebic ar eqvemdebarebian kompromiss. Sesabamisad

“daregulireba” ixmareba uTanxmoebis molaparakebadi Sede-gebis SemTxvevaSi, maSin

rodesac “mogvareba” exeba konfliqturi situaciis Sedegebs, romelmac unda

daakmayofilos yvelas Tandayolili moTxovnilebebi. amrigad arsebobs uTanxmoebis

daregulireba da konfliqtis mogvareba.

am terminebis zust gamoyenebaze koncentrireba aucilebelia, radganac es

ukavSirdeba im sakiTxs, romelsac Cven ganvixilavT – uTanxmoebebis da konfliq-

tebis gancalkevebul, magram saerTo bunebas. rom ar arsebobdes uTanxmoebebsa da

konf-liqtebs Soris gansxvaveba, anu SesaZlebeli rom iyos nebismieri urTierTobis

dare-gulireba da kontroli avtoritetuli mesame Zalis CareviT, maSin amisaTvis

saWiro sasamarTloebiTa da daregulirebis alter-natiuli saSualebebiT, aseve maTi

Zalismieri gatarebis xerxebiT, Cven gveqneboda harmo-niuli urTierTobebi

saxelmwifoebs SigniT da saerTaSoriso arenaze. Tumca rogorc istoria miuTiTebs

es ase ar xdeba: arsebobs situaciebi – Sida-saxelmwifoebrivi da saerTaSoriso –

romlebic ar eqvemdebareba Zalismier an iZulebiT daregulirebas.

magaliTad arsebobs eTnikuri da gaucxoebis konfliqtebi, romlebic safrTxes

warmoadgenen yvelaze ganviTarebuli sazoga-doebebisaTvisac ki, maT Soris

SeerTebuli StatebisaTvisac. amiT mtkicdeba, rom indi-videbi an jgufebi, romelTa

ZiriTadi adamia-nuri moTxovnilebebi ar aris dakmayofile-buli, ver iqcevian

socialuri garemos bunebriv nawilad da ar eqcevian kanoniT nakarnaxebi qcevis

wesebis gavlenis sferoSi. msoflio istoriaSi yvelaze Zlierma Zala-uflebam

samocian wlebSi ver SesZlo daeqvemdebarebina post-kolonialuri aziis saxelmwifo,

romelic avtonomiisaTvis iRwvoda. am tipis konfliqtebi arsebobs yvela socialur

doneze, igulisxmeba situaciebi, rodesac identurobisa da aRiarebis ontologiuri

moTxovnilebebi da maTTan dakavSirebuli adamianis ganviTarebis moTxovnilebebi

frustracias ganicdian. amgvari konfliqtebis gakontroleba, daTr-gunva an Sekaveba

SeuZlebeblia, unda moxdes maTi mogvareba an prevencia moTxovnilebebis

dakmayofilebiT.

gaurkvevloba terminebis gamoyenebisas da masSi Semavali konceptualuri gaur-

kvevloba dakavSirebulia im faqtTan, rom tradiciulad saerTaSoriso da saSinao

SeuTanxmebloba da konfliqtebi calkeul fenomenebad ganixileboda. maSin rodesac

iTvleboda rom ar arsebobs gansxvaveba konfliqtsa da SeuTanxmeblobas Soris

gamarTlebulad iTvleboda saerTaSoriso situaciis ganxilva, romelic xSirad

ufro damangreveli iyo vidre saSinao konfliq-turi situaciebi. am SemTxvevaSi

saerTaSo-riso situaciebs ganvixilavT rogorc ufro seriozuls da viyenebT

termins konfliqti. magram es ori fenomeni saerTo warmomavlo-bisaa: arsebobs

rogorc, saSinao ise, saerTa-Soriso konfliqtebi da SeuTanxmeblobebi.

wanamZRvari, romelic ifareba ter-minebis araswori gamoyenebis ukan, xSir

SemTxvevaSi ganapirobebs seriozul Secdomebs politikaSi. am wanamZRvars

laitmotivad gasdevs, rom yvela saSinao konfliqti SeiZleba mogvarebul iqnas

centraluri xelisuflebis mier (romelsac unda gaaCndes Zalauflebis monopolia,

romliTac mSvi-dobian urTierTobebs Zalovani meTodebiT daamkvidrebs). amis ukan

imaleba dafaruli tendencia, rom saSinao konfliqtebi ar arsebobs ise, rogorc

Cven es termini ganv-sazRvreT: rom ar arsebobs situacia SigniT saxelmwifoSi,

romelic ar eqvemdebarebodes amgvar iZulebiT kontrols. aseTma azrov-nebam

marTebulad ganapiroba imis mcdelo-bebi, rom saerTaSoriso sistemaSi warmodge-

niliyo centraluri Zalauflebis raime forma, romelic daefuZneboda am saSinao

models. gaerTianebuli erebis wesdebam asaxa amgvari azrovneba. amis mixedviT unda

Seqmni-liyo mdgradi saerTaSoriso Zala, romelic daeqvemdebareboda usafrTxoebis

sabWos da Zalismierad ganaxorcielebda mis gadawyveti-lebebs. sabednierod, wevrebma

ar miiRes monawileoba sakmaris doneze, magram amave dros didma qveynebma scades

waremarTaT gaero am gzaze da amis Sedegad gvqonda koreis omis magaliTi.

magram dReisaTvis Cven im realobis winaSe vdgevarT, rom saSinao modeli iyo

fiqcia, memkvidreobiT SeZenili mcdari wanamZRvrebisa da uxeS Zalaze dayrdnobili

centraluri Zalauflebebis istoriidan. dRemde, Tu ki xdeboda konfliqtis Tavidan

acileba, es xdeboda misi daTrgunviT drois SezRudul monakveTSi. msoflioSi

konfliq-tebis umravlesoba Sida xasiaTisaa, magram xSirad es konfliqtebi

gadmodian saerTa-Soriso urTierTobebSi. amgvarad Cven iZulebulni varT mivideT

daskvnamde, rom konfliqti aris saerTo fenomeni, romelsac ar gaaCnia sistemuri

sazRvrebi. ar aqvs mniSvneloba ra tipis konfliqts vexebiT - interpersonalurs,

saTemos, eTnikurs Tu saerTaSorisos, yvela SemTxvevaSi saqme gvaqvs erTi da igive

ontologiur moTxovni-lebebTan, romlebic moiTxoven konfliqtis gadawyvetis

analitikur process. marTlac rom, saerTaSoriso modeli calkeuli sazogadoebrivi

organizmebisa, romlebic TanamSromloben funqcionalur safuZvelze, SesaZloa

gaxdes modeli mravali iseTi saxelmwifosaTvis, sadac arsebobs calkeuli eTnikuri

jgufebi, romlebic miiswrafvian avtonomiisaken, urTierTobebis ufro farTe

sistemaSi.

gansxvaveba konfliqtebsa da uTanxmo-ebebs Soris gvamaragebs ori konceptualuri

CarCoTi: erTis mxriv, situaciebi romlebic molaparakebadia, da meores mxriv,

situaciebi sadac kompromisi SeuZlebelia. es gansxva-vebuli koncefciebi

gulisxmoben uTan-xmoebebis da konfliqtebis mogvarebis sruliad gansxvavebul

midgomebs. pirveli eqvemdebareba iuridiul da arbitrirebad procesebs, maSin

rodesac meore moiTxovs problemebis analitikur gadawyvetas. yovel-dRiurad

gamoyenebuli metyveleba da termi-nologia ar gvaZlevs imis saSualebas rom

movaxdinoT es diferenciacia. imis gamo rom ar gamogvikveTia es gansxvaveba, ver

SevZlebT problemebis marTebulad gadaWras da im politikis gatarebas, romelic

gaTvlilia potenciuri konfliqtebis winaswar Tavidan asacileblad.

Zalaze damyarebuli politikuri realizmi qceviTi realizmis winaaRmdeg

sasargeblo iqneboda ramdenime aTwle-uliT ukan gagvexeda da gvenaxa Tu sad

aRmocenda es konceptualuri CarCoebi. erT-erTi yvelaze cxadi iyo maikl banksis

mier dawerili statia - “saerTaSoriso urTier-Tobebis disciplina: konfliqtebis

mogvare-bis momgebianoba Tu wamgebianoba”. igi akvir-deba qmedebisa da azrovnebis

ganviTarebas feodalizmidan awmyomde. igi aRniSnavs, rom rasac ewodeboda

“politikuri realizmi” bevrad ufro daSorebulia realobisagan, xolo rasac erqva

“idealizmi” aRmoCnda, rom praqtikaSi naklebad TviTdamangrevelia da ufro

realisturia, vidre tradiciuli Zalovani midgoma.

retrospeqciisas cxadia rom rasac erqva “politikuri realizmi” realisturi iyo

mxolod imdenad ramdenadac asaxavda imdroindel qmedebas. adreuli feoda-lizmidan

dRemde praqtikaSi iyo mmarTveloba iZulebis meSveobiT. ar arsebobda Teoria

romelic gaamarTlebda am politikur realizms. aseTi sistemis imgvar Cavardnebs,

rogoric aris revoluciebi da omebi, ar hqonda axsna, garda imisa rom garkveuli

mosazrebis mixedviT Zalaufleba arasakmarisad iqna gamoye-nebuli. Teoriis

uqonlobis gamo ar arse-bobda konfliqtebis gamomwvevi mizezebis mikvleva, amgvarad

ar arsebobda momavali konfliqtebis winaswarmetyvelebis safuZ-veli. dReisaTvis

ukve cxadia, rom poli-tikuri realizmi rogorc saqmianobis forma qceviT TeoriaSi

ararealisturi aRmoCnda praqtikaSi ki, TviT-damangreveli.

tradiciul idealistebs aseve akl-daT Teoria. arsebobda rwmenaTa sistema, romelic

efuZneboda TanamSromlobiTi urTierTobebis survils, magram ar arsebobda Teoria

romelic axsnida konfliqts, an gaamarTlebda alternatiul politikas.

yovelive amis Sedegad Seiqmna sagan-gaSo sicariele: Zalovanma politikam marcxi

ganicada saSinao da saerTaSoriso saqmiano-baSi, magram ar moxda aranairi

alternati-uli politikis SemoTavazeba an gamoyeneba. amgvaria civilizaciis gaban-

krotebuli mdgomareoba meoce saukunis bolos.

subieqturobidan Teoriaze dafuZnebul obieqturobamde

nebismieri Teoriis ararseboba cxadi xdeba, rodesac vamowmebT terminebis gamoye-

nebas. adamianis qcevis Teoriis an axsnis gareSe idealistebis iseT koncefciebs

rogoricaa “samarTlianoba”, “adamianis uflebebi”, an “socialuri keTildReoba”

subieqturi datvirTva Tu miecema. ufro metic, am subieqturi miznebis miRwevis

institucionaluri xerxebi, asaxaven samarT-lis, socialuri keTildReobis da

adamianis uflebebis bunebis srul ucodinrobas. magaliTad “demokratias” hqonda

“umravle-sobis mTavrobis” mniSvneloba, magram rodesac laparaki iyo klasobriv an

eTnikur umciresobebze amgvari mTavroba aRiqmeboda rogorc usamarTlo,

socialurad usargeblo, adamianis uflebebis uarmyofeli da ufro metic, rogorc

konfliqtis warmoqmnis mizezi. mxolod qcevis adeqvatur Teorias SeuZlia

aRmofxvras es subieqtivizmi mniSvne-lovani koncefciebis gamoyenebisas.

ocdaaTian wlebSi Cven gavyeviT morgen-Taus (1948) da Svarcenbergis (1964) Zalo-

vani politikis xazs, mimarTulebas romelsac dResac emxroba politikuri

mecnierebisa da strategebis umravlesoba. amjerad Cven unda vipovnoT qcevis iseTi

Teoria romelic xsnis konfliqts da am Teoriidan gamovita-noT konfliqtTan

gamklavebis efeqturi saSualebebi.

am mimarTulebiT sawyisi samuSao Catarda berlinSi, 1979 wels, rodesac

saerTaSoriso specialistebisagan Semdgarma jgufma ganixila porovnebis buneba,

romelic analizis sagani gaxdeboda, rom ar arsebobdes iseTi calkeuli

konstruqtebi rogoricaa ekonomikuri adamiani, samarTlebrivi adamiani,

sociologiuri adamiani, fsiqologiuri adamiani. maT wigns saxelad ewoda “moTxov-

nilebaTa Teoria”. aq aRwerili iyo mTava-ri atributebi am rTuli namdvili

pirovne-bisa, romlis ontologiuri moTxovnilebebic arideben mas socializacias da

iZulebiT qcevas, romelic mosaxerxebelia politikuri liderebisaTvis an

mecnierebisaTvis.

am kvlevam asaxa mzardi foriaqi qceviT mecnierebaSi. samocian wlebSi mkvle-varebi

undoblobas ucxadebdnen sakuTari disciplinebis wanamZRvrebs da eZiebdnen realur

pirovnebas. industriul urTierTo-bebSi bleikma, Separdma da mutonma (1964)

undobloba gamoucxades ufrosi-TanamSrom-lis urTierTobebis ukan myof ZiriTad

daS-vebebs. sociologiaSi stiven boqsma kiTxvis qveS daayena wanamZRvrebi, romlebic

domini-rebdnen gansxvavebuli qcevis axsnisas. ramdenime wlis Semdeg pol saitsma

(1971) yuradReba miaqcia im faqts, rom rodesac individis ZiriTadi adamianuri

moTxovni-lebebi daukmayofilebeli iyo, igi iZule-buli xdeboda aerCia moqcevis

iseTi wesi, romelsac sxva situaciaSi ar airCevda.

amis Sedegad aRmoceneba daiwyo axalma konceptualurma orientaciebma, romlebic

jer kidev ar aRiqmeboda naTlad da ar warmoadgenda sayovelTao sibrZnis nawils.

gacnobierda is faqti, rom saWiroa adamianis ontologiuri faqtorebis

gaTvaliswineba. imis gamo rom es ontologiuri moTxov-nilebebia, SeuZlebelia isini

daeqvemdebaron avtoritarul kontrols. ara aqvs mniSvne-loba visTan gvaqvs saqme –

bavSvebTan, quCis bandebTan, eTnikur TemebTan Tu mTels erovnebebTan, yvela

SemTxvevaSi gadasaWrelia adamianuri problemebi da veranairi iZuleba an represia

didi xniT ver Seakavebs adamia-nebis ganviTarebad miswrafebebs. SeerTebuli Statebis

saxelmwifo departamentis sagareo saqmeTa instituti ganixilavs “meore safexu-ris

diplomatias”, rogorc analitikurs da problemis-gadawyvetaze orientirebuls.

(makdonaldi da bendamani). es aris pirveli mniSvnelovani nabiji. meore da yvelaze

arsebiTi nabijia, rom fokusireba moxdes meore safexuris (saxalxo) diplomatiaze,

rogorc yvelaze mniSvnelovanze.

bolos da bolos sul axlanaxans daiwyo Zalismieri politikis alternativaze

saubari da gaazreba mecnierTa im jer kidev SezRuduli wris mier, romelic dainte-

resebulia konfliqtebis gadaWriT – aqcenti keTdeba adamianur moTxovnilebebze,

romelTa dakmayofilebac aucilebelia konfliqtis mogvarebisaTvis. iqmneba Sesabamisi

biblioTeka (bartoni, 1990 a, b; bartoni da duksi, 1990 a, b), ikiTxeba kursebi

(magistratura da doqtornatura konfliqtebis mogvarebisa da analizis institutSi

jorj meisonis universitetSi). iwyeba praqtikuli samuSao da xorcieldeba

Sesabamisi procedurebi.

qcevis es Teoria uzrunvelgvyofs obieqturi safuZvliT, romelzec SeiZleba

koncefciebis gansazRvra. “samarTlianoba”, “socialuri keTildReoba” da

“demokratia” ukavSirdeba iseT pirobebs, romlebic akma-yofileben identurobis,

aRiarebis da avto-nomiis adamianur moTxovnilebebs, da yvela maTgani gulisxmobs

Tanasworuflebianobas.

Tumca, rogorc xSirad xdeba xolme paradigmatuli gardatexis dros, arsebobs

dapirispireba Teoretikosebsa da praqti-kosebs Soris. es gasagebic aris, gansakuT-

rebiT am SemTxvevaSi. aq Cven saqme gvaqvs fundamentur paradigmatul cvlilebasTan,

romelic pirdapir kavSirSia politikuri filosofiis safuZvlebTan. es axali

paradigma upirispirdeba tradiciul cnebas, rom SesaZlebelia individis

socializacia institutebis moTxovnebidan gamomdinare da aqcents akeTebs imaze, rom

institutebi unda Seewyon Tandayolil da universalur adamia-nur moTxovnilebebs.

politikuri gamocdileba

ukanasknelma movlenebma aRmosavleT evropaSi ganapiroba Cveni yuradRebis mipy-roba

amgvar realobaze. Tumca jerjerobiT Cven ar varT mzad mivusadagoT es gakveTili

Cvens sazogadoebebs. jer ver moxerxda imis gacnobiereba, rom is rac moxda

aRmosavleT evropaSi istoriuli procesebis nawilia, gamowveuli moTxovnilebaTa

dakmayofilebis ontologiuri brZoliT, romelic unda moxdes yvela im

sazogadoebaSi, sadac avtoritaruli kontroli da araTanaswor-uflebiani

institutebi ver uzrunvelyofen adamianuri moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebas.

adamianis uflebebze dayrdnobili politikis racionalizeba, romelic moxerxebulad

mor-gebulia imaze, rom moxdes arsebuli kul-turebisa da institutebis

SenarCuneba, ver SeZlebs adamianuri moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebis aucileblobis

Tavidan acilebas.

Cven gamovlili gvaqvs kolonializ-misa da imperializmis sxvadasxva tipebi, magram

sazogadoebebi jer ar arian mzad imisaTvis, rom gamoiyenon Zalauflebis Cavardnis

es gakveTilebi sakuTari saSinao problemebis mosagvareblad. narko-Zaladoba da

ZvelbiWur bandebs Soris omebi socia-luri deprivaciis simptomebs warmoadgenen;

maTTan gamklaveba SesaZlebelia mxolod deprivaciis problemis mogvarebiT. eTnikuri

konfliqtebi aRiarebisa da avtonomiis nakleblobis simptomebs warmoadgenen da maTi

Tavidan acileba SeiZleba mxolod konstitu-ciuri an, SesaZloa, sazRvrebis

cvlilebebiT. kidev ufro did problemebs vawydebiT im liderebis personaliebTan

muSaobisas, ro-melTa korumpirebuli da Zaladobrivi qceva asaxavs iseT kompleqsebs,

romelTaganac mosaxleobas konstituciuri dacvis meqaniz-mebi sWirdeba. iseTi

meqanizmebi, romlebic SezRudaven Zalauflebis mqone elitebis mier gadawyvetilebis

miRebis amplitudas.

konfliqtis mogvareba problemis gadaWris gziT

dRes akademiuri samyaro seriozuli winaRobis winaSea. Cven unda davubrundeT

bazisur daSvebebs da gadavamowmoT isini. kerZod, rogorc analizis erTeulze unda

gavamaxviloT yuradReba individze da ara socialur institutze, da politikuri

Teo-riac amis safuZvelze avagoT. amgvari poli-tikuri Teoriidan, unda gamovyoT

politika da Semdeg gadavinacvloT mis gamoyenebado-baze. am safexurze, Tu

Segveqmneba problemebi, es imas niSnavs, rom arsebobs axali masala romelic unda

daematos ukve arsebul hipotetikur winadadebas.

amgvaria problemis gadawyvetis gziT konfliqtis mogvarebis gezi. amis Sedegad Cven

viwyebT Teoriisa da politikis Camoya-libebas da praqtikis Semowmebas.

procedurebi ukve mzadaa. upirveles yovlisa unda gakeTdes mxareebisa da sakiT-

xebis zedmiwevniTi analizi. Semdgom auci-lebelia erTad moeyaros Tavi im or

mxares, romelTa urTierTobebic gafuWebulia, fasi-litaciis procesisas iseT

interaqtiul situaciaSi, sadac maTi problemebi siRrmi-seulad iqneba

gaanalizirebuli. damatebiTi mxareebsa da sakiTxebsac Sesabamisad gamoeyofaT drois

monakveTi gansazRvruli proceduris mixedviT. am etapze ar xdeba winadadebebis

SemoTavazeba an raime vaWroba an molaparakeba. rodesac, mxareebis mier moxdeba

SeTanxmeba problemis gansazRvrebaze da agreTve sruli aRricxva im politikis

danakargebisa, rac Sedegad mohyva adamianuri moTxovnilebebis daukmayofileblobas,

ukve SeiZleba daiwyos pozitiuri alternativebis wamoyeneba. es nabijebi detalurad

aris aRwerili specialurad am sakiTxze Seqmnil samagido wignSi (bartoni, 1987).

konfliqtis prevencia - Tavidan arideba

aucilebelia aRiniSnos rom erTi konfliqtis mogvareba ar axdens avtoma-turad

momdevnos Tavidan aridebas. uTanxmo-ebis daregulirebisagan gansxvavebiT konfliq-

tis mogvarebis mTavari mizani konkretuli SemTxveviT ar moiwureba. konfliqtis

mogva-rebis procesebi analitikuria da problemis gadawyvetaze orientirebuli, da

es midgoma jdeba Teoretikul CarCoebSi. amgvarad am midgomis mTavari aqcenti

mxolod konfliq-tis prevenciaSi (winaswar Tavidan acilebaSi) ar mdgomareobs - anu

konfliqtis wyaroebis izolirebasa da moSorebaSi - igi aseve kon-centrir-deba

konfliqtis “provenciaze”: iseTi pirobebis ganviTarebaze, romlebic qmni-an

TanamSromlobiT urTierTobebs. (bartoni, 1990 a, b: bartoni da duksi, 1990 a, b).

am mxriv konfliqtis mogvareba radika-lurad gansxvavdeba nebismieri dareguli-rebis

procesebis praqtikisagan: es midgoma dainteresebulia politikur filosofiaze

dafuZnebuli winaswarmetyvelebiTa da poli-tikis formaciiT, romelic xazs usvams

im faqts, rom universaluri adamianuri moTxov-nilebebis dakmayofileba unda

warmoadgendes sazogadoebebis ZiriTad mizans.

aviRoT magaliTi saamxreT afrikis, fijis, Sri-lankis, kviprosis, CrdiloeT

irlandiis an yofili sabWoTa kavSiris situaciebidan. samxreT afrikaSi arsebobs

TeTrkanianTa umciresoba, romelic dainte-resebulia sakuTari avtonomiis SenarCune-

biT, aseve sxva adgilebSic umciresobebi cdiloben miaRwion sakuTar gancalkevebul

identurobas. samxreT afrikaSi saarCevno formula - erTi xma erT kacze - Caayenebda

umciresobebs igive mdgomareobaSi, rogorSic imyofebian danarCeni umciresobebi,

romlebic cdiloben gamoyofas. maSin ratom davuWiroT mxari erT-xma-erT-kacze

saarCevno formulas samxreT afrikaSi Secvlili konstituciuri formis nacvlad,

romelic umciresobaTa moTxovnebsac daakmayofilebda?

igive tipis daskvnebi SeiZleba mivuye-noT yvela sazogadoebriv dones. “Zvelbi-Wur-

quCuri” jgufebis wevrebis gamokvleva aCvenebs rom am jgufebis wevrebi arian

adamia-nebi, romlebic moklebulni arian urTier-Toebebs da isini gamwarebulni

eZeben am urTierTobebs sadac SeuZliaT. iseTi soci-ologebis Sroma, rogorebic

arian boqsi (1971) da saitsi (1971), gvaCvenebs, rom kanonsawinaaRmdego da

daufaravad anti-socialuri saqcieli, xSirad Tu ara yovel-Tvis aSkara xdeba

alternativebis ararse-bobis pirobebSi.

sawarmoo uTanxmoebis alternatiuli mogvareba - ADR

am momentisaTvis kargi iqneboda Tu komentars gavukeTebdiT “sawarmoo uTanxmoebis

alternatiul mogvarebas” (ADR) da ganvacalkevebdiT mas problemis gadawyvetaze

orientirebul konfliqtis mogvarebidan.

am konteqstSi “alternatiuli” igu-lisxmeba rogorc sasamarTloebis alternativa.

marTlac rom institucionalurad (ADR) warmoadgens sasamarTlos danamats da

xSir SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo moiTxovs am praqtikis ganxorcielebas, sanam saqmeebi

miva sasamarTlomde. daSveba imaSi mdgoma-reobs, rom Tu ver xerxdeba uTanxmoebis

mediacia an arbitrireba, maSin unda moxdes misi gansja. amas ukavSirdeba meore

faruli daSveba - nebismieri situacia, uTanxmoeba iqneba es Tu konfliqti,

mogvarebadia samarT-lebriv normebze an raime tipis molapara-kebaze dayrdnobiT.

marTalia, rom ZiriTadad ADR-i Sez-Rudulia im uTanxmoebebiT, romlebic fulad

kompensacias an raime molaparakebad sakiTxebs exeba. magram xSirad saqme gvaqvs

farul elementebTan romelic moulapa-rakebad adamianur moTxovnilebebs ukav-

Sirdeba. arc Tu ise didi xnis win avstra-liaSi iyo sahaero pilotebis gaficva.

iTv-leboda rom es gaficva Sromis anazRaurebas exeboda. sasamarTloebs,

politikosebs da gaerTianebebs ar SeeZloT am ambis dasruleba. sinamdvileSi es

situacia statuss exeboda - pilotebis Secvlil statuss. isini aRar

warmoadgendnen gamorCeul da pativcemul kapitnebs, rogorc warsulSi. am

situaciaSi CarTuli iyo moulaparakebadi sakiTxebi, romlebic zedmiwevniT analizsa

da metad frTxil midgomas moiTxovdnen. ase xdeba xSirad, Tu ara umeteswilad,

rodesac ADR-is meSveobiT xdeba industriuli da sxva sakiTxebis mogvareba.

amitomac saWiroa ara damateba, aramed namdvili alternativa rac uzrunvelyofda

analitikur problemis ga-dawyvetaze orientirebul midgomas, romlis SemoTavazebac

sasamarTloebs ar SeuZliaT.

arsebobs imis safrTxe, rom ADR-s xelSi Caigdeben iseTi Zalebi, romelTa gav-lena

samarTlebrivi sistemis SeqmnaSi Semcirda, da romlebsac gauCndebaT axali alter-

nativiT manipulaciis survili.

am dakvirvebis Semdeg kidev ufro win unda waviwioT. Tu moxdeba problemis

gadawyvetis procesebis institucionalizacia maT unda Seution iuridiul

procesebs. Tu precendentebze dafuZnebul samarTlebriv normebs ar SeuZliaT

konfliqtis gadaWra, maSin samarTlebriv normebSi cvlilebebi unda ganxorcieldes.

sasamarTloebma aseve unda gadadgan nabiji da Seignon adamianuri moTxovnilebebis

arseboba. samarTlebrivi procesebi kargad aris Camoyalibebuli da SeuZlebelia

saSinao Tu saerTaSoriso prob-lemebis mogvareba mxolod maTi gverdis avliT an

alternativebis ZiebiT. TviTon iuristebis saZmomac unda Seitanos sakuTari wvlili

paradigmatul cvlilebaSi, romelic aucilebelia imisaTvis rom civilizaciebi

gaumklavdnen mzard konfliqtebs da Zala-dobas.

saerTaSoriso sazogadoebriobis wevre-bi, Tundac misi yvelaze mdidari nawilisa,

cdiloben institutebSi da politikaSi cvlilebis Setanis aucileblobis damtkice-

bas protestebis, demonstraciebis, maTi wevrebis normidan gadaxrili qcevebis,

umciresobebis da araprivilegirebulebis deprivaciebis gamomJRavnebiT. da es

cvlile-bebi unda emyarebodes adamianTa miswrafe-bebisa da moTxovnilebebis

dakmayofilebas.

Tu samarTlebrivi procesebi, ADR-i da sxvebi iZulebiTi da Semakavebeli

strategiebis nacvlad orientacias aiRebdnen problemebis gadaWraze, maSin

garkveuli drois Semdeg gaCndeboda codna imis Sesaxeb Tu ra cvlilebebia

aucilebeli. magram amgvari gadanacvleba orientaciaSi moiTxovs bevr dargSi

seriozul cvlilebebs profe-siul gawrTvnaSi da praqtikaSi, iseve rogorc

grZelvadiani interesebis aRqmaSi.

kapitalizmisa da komunizmis krizisi

me mivedi Cems saboloo daskvnamde. civilizaciebi kritikul mdgomareobaSi

imyofebian, albaT dRevandeli situacia ufro kritikulia, vidre nebismieri sxva

warsulSi. warsuli, feodalizmiT dawyebuli indust-riuli sazogadoebiT

damTavrebuli Sedge-boda Zalovani politikidan. SeerTebul StatebSic ki jer ar

yofila moZraoba rome-lic aucilebelia monobis arsis gasauqmeb-lad. es monoba

mxolod SeumCnevlad icvli-da formebs. mwarmoeblebisTvis aRar aris aucilebeli,

rom flobdnen monebs da Caketon isini. aTasobiT aseTi mona arsebobs getoebSi

mTeli qveynis maStabiT iseT dabal anazRau-rebaze, romelic elementaruli kvebis

dakma-yofilebis saSualebasac ar iZleva. maT ar SeuZliaT gaqceva, radganac arsadaa

wasas-vleli. is vinc cdilobs getodan Tavis daRwevas qurdobiT, an mwarmoeblebis

msgav-sad narkotikebiT vaWrobiT, cixeSi xvdeba. mniSvnelovania rom awmyo pirobebi

davinaxoT adamianuri ganzomilebidan: batonymoba, Tavis erT-erT gamovlinebaSi jer

kidev arsebobs CvenSi. sanam Cven am batonymobas ar movi-cilebT Tavidan, Zaladoba da

konfliqti mudmivad iarsebebs.

am mxriv kapitalizmma Cven dagvaRalata. igi konstruqciulad uzrunvelyofda sti-

mulebs pirovnuli mogebisaTvis, da aman gana-piroba resursebis seriozuli moxmareba

da ganviTareba rogorc gamoTvlilia erovnuli produqciis aRricxvis da resursebis

gamoye-nebis periodSi. magram SeuzRudavma kapita-lizmma miiyvana mewarmeebi iqamde,

rom maT saTanadoT ver Seafases socialuri keTil-dReoba: Semosavlebis seriozulma

uTanaswo-robam gamoiwvia socialuri da ekonomikuri problemebi. maT aseve ver

Seafases ekolo-giuri garemos grZelvadiani sijansaRe: resursebis eqspluatacia

momavali Taobebis xarjze xdeba. am tendenciebis SezRudvis mcdeloba e.w.

“memarcxene” mTavrobebis mier warumatebeli aRmoCnda, radganac maTi nebis-mieri

warmateba gaanadgurebda sistemas. Ta-visufali mewarmeobis sistemaSi mTavrobis

Carevis tipi da xarisxi dResac daZabulobis gamomwvev sakiTxad iTvleba. Tu

gavixedebiT momavlisaken, aranairi optimizmis safuZveli ar gvaqvs cxovrebis

xarisxis sakiTxebs Tu ganvixilavT - es exeba yvelaze ganviTarebul, kerZo

sakuTrebaze dafuZnebul sazogadoebeb-sac. im sazogadoebebis momavali, romlebic

jer ar arian ekonomikurad ganviTarebuli, iseTive usaxuria, rogorc

privilegirebuli sazogadoebebis daCagruli wevrebisa.

cxadze cxadia rom arc komunizmma gaamarTla. idealisturi molodini imisa, rom

momxdariyo adamianTa motivireba ara jildoTi, aramed socialuri keTildReobiT,

SezRuduli aRmoCnda. Tumca aris moTxovna samomxmareblo nawarmze, arsebobs,

winaaRmdegoba Sromis anazRaurebis Taobaze, im adamianTa mxridan, romelTac

moeTxovebaT am nawarmis Seqmna.

orive sistema avtoritaruli iyo, isini kontrolirdebodnen privilegirebuli

klasebis mier. maT Tandayolil problemebs Tu gaviazrebT, isini gardauvalia.

kapita-listur sazogadoebebSi unda moxdes Sewina-aRmdegeba daumsaxurebeli

socialuri da ekonomikuri privilegiebis moTxovnaze. bevr saxelmwifoSi

problemebma Tavisufal-sawarmoo sistemaSi gamoiwvia ajanyebebi, rac xSirad

sruldeboda samxedro diqtaturiT. komunistur sazogadoebebSi aucilebeli gaxda

represireba im moTxovnebisa romlebic mimarTuli iyo momxmarebelTa nawarmze da

momsaxurebebze, da saqmianobis arCevis Tavi-suflebaze.

orive sistemaSi erTidaigive amosa-vali igulisxmeba: rom individi mTlianad

manipulirebadia da SeiZleba misi socia-lizacia an qceviTi moTxovnebis Zalismierad

moxveva. sasamarTloebis, policiis an alter-natiuli mogvarebis procesebis

raodenobrivi zrda ver moaxdens am sistemebis Tanda-yolili defeqtebis

kompensacias.

arcerT sistemas ar gaaCnia proble-mebTan gamklavebis saSualebebi an im konfliq-

tebis mogvarebis xerxebi, romlebsac qmnian qveynebs Soris an qveynebs SigniT. es

warmo-adgens orive sistemis saerTo Cavardnas, iseve rogorc nebismieri sxva

sistemisa, romlis ganxorcielebis mcdelobac arsebob-da - magaliTad faSizmis. es

imiT aris ganpi-robebuli, rom politikur sistemebs aqamde ar hqoniaT imis

gamocdileba, rom sistemaSi cvlilebebi gamoewviaT, garda Zalismieri meTodebiT

sistemis damxobisa. konfliqti warmoadgens sistemis Secvlis aucileblobis

simptoms. konfliqtis gadaWris da kofliq-tis prevenciis procesebi SeiZleba

gaxdes mSvidobiani cvlilebebis ganxorcielebis saSualeba.

konfliqtis mogvareba, rogorc politikuri sistema

SekiTxva romlis dasmac me minda axla, aris is Tu ra xarisxSi SeuZliaT anali-

tikur problemebis gadawyvetaze orien-tirebul procesebs Seuwyon xeli ganuwyve-

tel cvlilebasa da alternatiuli politi-kuri sistemis Seqmnas.

konfliqtebis mogvarebis konteqstSi es SekiTxva SeiZleba ucnauradac mogveCvenos,

magram Cven unda SevxedoT konfliqtisa da misi mogvarebis problemis bunebas.

uTanxmoebani molaparakebad intere-sebze yovelTvis iarsebeben, iseve rogorc

menejmentis problemebi im adamianebSi, romelTac saerTo miznebi aqvT. magram

orTaves daregulireba SeiZleba konsensu-sis normebisa da menejmentis teqnikis gamo-

yenebiT. aq ra Tqma unda ADR-s SeuZlia mniSvnelovani wvlilis Setana. sakmaod

martiv wvrTnas SeuZlia sagrZnoblad gaaum-jobesos menejmentis teqnika da

mediaciis Sesabamis institucionalur formebs SeuZ-lia daareguliros interesTa

uTanxmoebani Tu Cven saqme ara gvaqvs sxva Zireul sakiT-xebTan.

magram, rodesac Cven konfliqtebTan gvaqvs saqme, maSin sulac ar aris sakmarisi

konkretul SemTxvevebTan muSaoba da maTi gadawyvetis gzebis institucionalizacia.

aq saWiroa politika, romelic xels Seuw-yobs konfliqturi situaciis warmoqmnis

Tavidan acilebas da romelic dagvexmareba TanamSromlobiTi urTierTobebis damkvid-

rebaSi. “provencia” xdeba Cveni mTavari mizani. konfliqtebis mogvareba ki, aqedan

gamomdina-re, aris politikuri filosofiis dargis nawili. is mniSvnelovania yvela

saxis siste-misaTvis, kapitalisturis, komunis-turis da nebismieri sxvisaTvis.

problemebis gadaW-ris procesebi da konfliqtebis provenciis politika aris is

elementi, romelic aklia Cvens mier naxseneb araadekvatur da krizisSi myof,

Cavardnil sistemebs.

aseTi problemebis gadaWra yvela ideologiur koncefciaze zemoT dgas. is arc

“memarjvenea” da arc “memarcxene”. is miesadageba nebismier sistemas, da es aris

procesi da filosofia, romelic yvela sistemas aerTianebs.

Sejameba

neba miboZeT Sejameba gavakeTo. menej-mentis problemebi da uTanxmoebebi mola-

parakebad interesebze mTavar problemas ar warmoadgenen. maTTan mimarTebaSi Zalian

cota ram gakeTda warsulSi radganac sistemebi zedmetad elitisturi da

avtoritarulni iyvnen, magram amasTan erTad am wlebSi uTanxmoebaTa daregulirebis

teqnikaSi didi winsvla SeimCneva. am tendenciis Tanaxmad sasamarTloebma da

iuridiulma procesebma mosalodnelia rom Secvalon normebi da procedurebi,

imisaTvis rom bevrad meti mxare CarTon uTanxmoebaSi.

konfliqtebis mogvareba meores mxriv ugulvebeyofili Temaa. am sakiTxis gadaWra

didi amocanaa yvela arsebuli kapitalis-turi, komunisturi, an sxva

sistemebisaTvis. am process SeuZlia moawesrigos metad rTuli situaciebi -

rogorc saSinao, aseve saerTaSoriso. misi Semadgeneli interaq-tiuli problemebis

gadaWris procesebi ukve gamocdilia da iZleva Zalian did imeds. magram

konkretuli konfliqtebis mogvareba mxolod dasawyisia. miuxedavad imisa rom aseTi

muSaoba gvexmareba konfliqtis bunebis siRrmeebSi CawvdomaSi da gamomwvevi

mizezebis dadgenaSi, TavisTavad konfliqtebis sakiTxs ar amowuravs. konfliqtebis

provencia aris mizani. orive maTgani nawilia sistemuri cvlilebisa, da maTi

Teoriuli CarCoebi miuTiTebs politikur sistemebs saWirbo-roto mimarTulebiT.

moTxovnilebebi da urTierTgagebis siZneleebi

dali berekaSvili

am mcire werils biZgi misca jon bartonis mniSvnelovanma ideam imis Sesaxeb, rom

Tuki adamianTa ZiriTadi moTxovnilebebi ar aris dakmayofilebuli, maSin am safuZ-

velze warmoqmnili konfliqtis mogvarebas tradiciuli meTodebiT didi problemebi

eqmneba da saukeTeso gamosavalia konfliq-tis prevencia am moTxovnilebaTa dakmayo-

filebis gziT.

dgeba kiTxva: ras warmoadgenen es ZirTadi moTxovnilebebi?

ramdenadac CemTvis cnobilia, am sakiTxSi bartoni eyrdnoba maslous, cnobil

amerikel fsiqologs, romelmac SeimuSava moTxovnilebaTa ierarqiuli sistema, e.w.

“moTxovnilebaTa piramida”.

moTxovnilebaTa ierarqiuli sistema maslous mixedviT:

piramidis safuZvelSia fiziologiuri moTxovnilebebi _SimSili, wyurvili, haeris

moTxovnileba, organizmisTvis arasaziano temperatura da sxva; Semdeg modis

usafrTxoebis moTxovnileba, rac gulisx-mobs ufro xangrZlivvadiani gadarCenis

moTxovnilebas; ufro zemoT mikuTvnebu-lobisa da siyvarulis moTxovnileba_ es

aris adamianis moTxovnileba vinmes uyvardes da TviT uyvardes vinme, agreTve

adamianTa raime _ did, an mcire _ jgufs miekuTvne-bodes; Semdeg, sakuTari Tavis

pativiscemis moTxovnileba; bolos _ TviTaqtualizaciis _ sakuTari

SesaZleblobebis sruli reali-zaciis moTxovnileba.

maslous sqemis safuZvlad devs daSveba, rom wamyvani moTxovnilebebi, romlebic

ufro dabal dones miekuTv-nebian met-naklebad dakmayofilebulni unda iyvnen, raTa

adamianma igrZnos da motivi-rebuli iyos moTxovnilebebiT, romlebic ufro maRal

doneze arian. maSasadame, erTi tipis moTxovnilebebi dakmayofilebuli unda iyos,

raTa zeda donis moTxovnileba gamomJRavndes da amoqmeddes. es niSnavs, rom Tuki,

magaliTad, adamians Sia, igi mxolod sakvebis ZiebiTa da misi mopovebis mcdelobiT

iqneba dakavebuli, mas sxva ramiT ver daaintereseb (Tu amas sxva, aseTive Zireuli,

moTxovnileba ar daupirispirda _ wyurvili, sasikvdilo safrTxe, uhaeroba da

sxva).

moTxovnilebaTa ierarqiis meore safexuri, maslous mixedviT, aris usafrT-xoebisa

da daculobis moTxovnileba. amaze cota ufro dawvrilebiT SevCerdebiT. roca

pirveladi fiziologiuri moTxovnilebebi _ SimSili, wyurvili, organizmisTvis

arasaziano temperetura da a.S. dakmayofile-bulia, mniSvnelobas iZens

xangrZlivvadiani gadarCenis moTxovnileba. igi Seicavs stabiluri, organizebuli

garemos, wesrigisa da kanonis moTxovnilebas, movlenaTa winaswarmetyvelebadobas da

Tavisuflebas iseTi saSiSi Zalebisagan, rogorebicaa avadmyofoba, SiSi da qaosi.

usafrTxoebisa da daculobis moTxov-nileba axdens gavlenas adamianebze, roca isini,

magaliTad, upiratesobas aniWeben sando, stabilur samsaxurs. Semnaxveli angariSebis

Seqmna, dazRveva agreTve motivirebulia am moTxovnilebiT.

zogi adamiani, romelic nevrotul tips ganekuTvneba, ZiriTadad motivirebulia

usafrTxoebis ZiebiT. is iqceva ise, TiTqos mosalodnelia didi katastrofa da

mTeli Zalebis daZabviT cdilobs sakuTari samyaros organizebas sando, stabiluri

struqturis saxiT, sadac adgili ar eqneba moulod-nelobas. aseTi adamianis

moTxovnileba, maslous TqmiT, “xSirad specifikurad vlindeba damcvelis: ufro

Zlieri adamianis an sistemis ZiebaSi, romelzec is iqneba damokidebuli”.

ufro globalurad Tu mivudgebiT, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom iseT qveynebSi, sadac

politikuri da ekonomikuri stabiluroba ar aris, an, naklebad aris, mosaxleobis

did nawils arasakmarisad aqvs dakmayo-filebuli usafrTxoebis, anu, xangrZliv-

vadiani gadarCenis moTxovnileba. stabiluri qveynis mkvidris TvalsazrisiT aseTi

qveynis mosaxleoba mTlianad nevrotuli tipis iqneba. Tumca, radganac aseTi

nevrotizmi obieqturad gamarTlebulia, igi situaciis Sesaferisia, anu, normaa.

meores, mxriv, aseTi norma qmnis totalitarizmis saSiSroebas, radgan usafrTxoebis

moTxovnilebis daukmayofileblobas moyveba iseTi adamianisa Tu sistemis Zieba,

romelzedac adamianebi iqnebian damokidebuli da romelic amiT maT stabilurobis,

sandoobis, uryevi mdgomareobis gancdas mianiWebs.

erT-erTi Zireuli moTxovnilebis arasakmarisi dakmayofileba, garda xsenebuli

(totalitarizmis) saSiSroebisa, abrkolebs ufro maRali moTxovnilebebis gaCenas.

SeiZleba bevr rameSi SeekamaTo maslous, magram SeuZlebelia imis uaryofa, rom

zemonaTqvamSi WeSmaritebis didi wilia. es WeSmaritema asaxulia andazebSic,

romlebic, ase vTqvaT, “aSuqeben” moTxovnilebaTa ierarqiis sxvadasxva doneze

mdgarTa urTierTgagebis siZneleebs. qarTuli andaza: “maZRari kaci mSiers purs

wvrilad ufSvnida, Tan ayvedrida, ra Rorulad Wamo”, afiq-sirebs imas, Tu ra

Znelia bazisuri moTxovnileba-dakmayofilebuli adamianisTvis amave moTxovnilebis

tyveobaSi myofis gageba. igivea rusuli andaza: “ñûòûé ãîëîäíîãî íå ðàçóìååò “, romelic am azrs martivad da yovelgvari mikib-mokibvis gareSe gvamcnobs. asea, sanam

sakuTar tyavze ar gamoscdi, Tu ra aris Zireuli, sasicocxlo moTxov-nilebis

daukmayofilebloba, _ ra aris SimSili, wyurvili, usazRvro daRliloba,

sasikvdilo SiSi, usaxlkaroba da sxva, amaze realur warmodgenas ver Seiqmni.

meore andaza: “æuðó áåñèòñÿ” asaxavs, sapirispirod, “proletarul” Tvalsazriss

ierarqiis zemo safexuris moTxovnilebebisa da maTi dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb.

marTlac, Znelia, Tu saerTod SesaZlebeli, gaagebino mSier, gayinul, an sasikvdilo

saSiSroebaSi myof kacs, mocartis musikis mosmenis, an ekologiurad Segnebuli

qcevis, magaliTad, tyis dacvis aucilebloba. Tumca, aseve Znelia gaagebino es

yvelaferi adamians, romelic, marTalia, am wuTas mSieri ar aris da arc uSualo

fizikuri saSiSroeba emuqreba, magram samagierod, amis Taobaze xvalindeli dRis

imedi ara aqvs. swored amitom, rodesac bazisuri moTxovnilebebi masobrivad

naklebad kmayofildeba, xdeba sazogadoebis “gasadaveba”, kulturuli degradacia.

bazisuri moTxovnileba-daukmayo-filebeli adamiani Znelad ijerebs, rom imaT, visac

amgvari moTxovnilebebi savsebiT dakmayofilebuli aqvT, SeiZleba raime seriozuli

problema hqondeT _ “netai, Tqven, ra gadardebT!” _ gamoxatavs mis damokidebulebas.

amitom magaliTad, aqauri gaWirvebuli kaci ver ijerebs, rom mdidari qveynis

mcxovrebis siZneleebi, romelsac “Tavze gadasdis” yvelaferi, “yuriT moT-reuli”,

da “Zalad Seqmnili” ar aris, rom is amiT ubralod “Tavs ar irTobs”.

arada, es “Zalad mogonili” problema iseTive sasicocxlo mniSvnelobisaa misTvis,

visac awuxebs, rogorc CvenTvisaa Cveni.

Tu konfliqtebis Temas gavixsenebT, maSin zemoTqmulidan mniSvnelovani daskvnebis

gamotana SeiZleba: kerZod, Tu moTxovni-lebaTa ierarqiis maRal doneze myofi ereva

dabali donis moTxovnilebaTa konfliqtSi, igi ver, an, Znelad gaugebs mokonfliqte

mxareebs; meores mxriv, moTxovnilebaTa ierarqiis dabali donis (sabaziso) moTxov-

nileba-daukmayofilebeli mxare undoblad moekideba nebismier rCevas, romelsac mas

“maZRari” mxare miscems.

es yvelaferi ar unda gavigoT ise, TiTqos sabaziso da maTi momdevno moTxovni-

lebebis sruli dakmayofileba avtomaturad iwvevs maRali moTxovnilebebis

gaaqtiurebas. es rom ase iyos, keTildReoba TavisTavad gamoiwvevda

“keTilSobilebas”, anu, mate-rialuri sisavse zneobriv sisruleSi gadavidoda, an

simdidre TavisTavad bednierebas mianiWebda Tavis mflobels. rogorc cnobilia, es

sulac ar aris ase (magaliTad, gamokvleulia, rom bednieri adamianebis wili _

procentuli Semadgen-loba _ erTnairia yvela fenebSi, mdidrebSi da RaribebSi,

janmrTelebSi da invalidebSi); maslou amas arc ambobs. misi azriT umaRlesi _

TviTaqtualizaciis _ moTxovnileba yvela adamianSia, magram mosaxleobis mxolod,

daaxloebiT, erTi procenti axdens mis realizacias. “TviTaqtualizacia” maslous

gagebiT niSnavs sakuTari Tavis srul gamovlenas, srul funqciobas; niSnavs gabedo

namdvilad iyo is, vinc xar da sakuTar cxovrebas SemoqmedebiTad miudge. es ar

gulisxmobs maincdamainc suraTebis xatvasa da musikis weras. SeiZleba iyo,

magaliTad, TviTaqtualizebuli mzareuli. rogorc maslou ambobs, karg supSi

gacilebiTYmetia xelovneba, vidre saSualo leqsSi. TviTaq-tualizebuli pirovnebis

Camoyalibebas Sesaferisi pirobebi unda da amis mixedviT arsebobs met-naklebad

xelSemwyobi sazogadoeba. Tavisufleba da demokratia am azriT xelSewmyobia.

moTxovnilebaTa ierarqiis zemo safexurebze myofi adamianisaTvis TviTaqtu-alizacia,

_ magaliTad, SemoqmedebiTi sisavse _ imdenad mniSvnelovania, rom SeiZleba sikvdil-

sicocxlis saqmed iqces. da _ aq ukve ierarqiuli sqemis ukuprocesi midis _ aseT

doneze asuli individisTvis mcirdeba bazisuri moTxovnilebebis mniSvneloba da

wili: SemoqmedebiTi wvis dros xelovani ver grZnobs SimSilsa da uZilobas;

Tavisuf-lebis ideisTvis iTrguneba sicocxlis gadarCenis uZlieresi instinqti;

Semecnebis moTxovnilebiT gatacebuli mecnieri SeiZleba ugulebelyofdes fizikur

komfortsa da “ojaxur siTbos”; da _ maqsimaluri gamov-lineba, _ RmerTTan

siaxloves mondomebuli martvili Segnebulad da sixaruliT ambobdes uars

yovelgvar “xorciel” moTxovnilebaze.

ar vici, ras ityoda TviT maslou aseT xatovan warmodgenaze, magram sruli

STabeWdilebaa, rom am SemTxvevebSi piramida brundeba - wverze dgeba, ZiriT ki “cas

ebjineba”.

es SesaZlebelia, magram, rogorc cnobilia, am mdgomareobaSi wonasworobis

SenarCuneba Zalian Znelia.

amitom, adamianTa umravlesoba mainc moTxovnilebaTa ierarqiis piramidis

kanonzomierebas emorCileba, maSasadame, stabilur, ayvavebul sazogadoebaSi bazisuri

moTxovnilebebi masobrivad unda kmayofil-debodnen swored am stabilobis

SenarCunebisa da sazogadoebis ayvavebis mizniT. garda amisa, aseT sazogadoebebSi,

kargi pirobebi iqmneba bevri TviTaqtualizebuli adamianis Camosayalibeblad, xolo

es ukanasknelni, didwilad, xels uwyoben TviT sazogadoebis ganviTarebas.

studentis Tvalsazrisi

naniko baramiZe

sazogadoebriv saqmeTa institutis aspiranti

konfliqti - Cveni cxovrebis ganuyo-feli nawilia, romelic Cndeba yvelgan -

nebismier kulturaSi, nebismier sazogado-ebaSi, adamianTa nebismier jgufSi.

konfliq-tebi ganixileba sam sxvadasxva doneze - pirovnebebs Soris, jgufebs Soris

da sazogadoebebs Soris.

rogorc wesi, mxareebis mier interesebi ganixileba rogorc maTi poziciebis

funqcio-naluri da praqtikuli Sedegi. interesebi, Tavisi mxridan motivirebulia

moTxovnile-bebiT, rasac socialuri da fsiqologiuri moTxovnilebebis “Rrma

fesvebi~ gaaCnia. es moTxovnilebebia:

1. usafrTxoeba (fsiqologiuri, fizikuri, socialuri, ekonomikuri);

2. identuroba;

3. emociuri da fizikuri keTildReoba;

4. Rirseba;

5. TviTgamorkvevis ufleba;

6. pativiscema;

7. samarTlianoba.

am moTxovnilebaTa daukmayofileblobam marTlac SeiZleba migviyvanos sxvadasxva

saxis konfliqtebamde - eTnikuri, socia-luri, fsiqologiuri da a.S. rodesac

konfliqtebi warmoiSveba, maSin saWiroa maTi regulireba, magram rogor unda

moiqces mTavroba, sazogadoeba imisTvis, rom ar dauSvas konfliqti? ram unda

Seuwyos xeli konfliqtis Tavidan acilebas? ra saxis prevenciuli samuSaoebi aris

Casatarebeli imisaRvis, rom avaridoT konfliqts Tavi, aRar ganmeordes samxreT

oseTis da afxazeTis tragediebi. aseTive eTnikuri konfliqtebi mosalodnelia iseT

regionebSi, sadac cxov-roben sxvadasxva eTnikuri jgufebi. aseTi saxis

konfliqtebis Tavidan asacileblad aucileblad gasaTvaliswinebelia, da es pirvel

rigSi xelisuflebas exeba, eTnikuri konfliqtebis politikuri da fsiqologi-uri

faqtorebi. rogorc viciT, eTnikuri konfliqtis gaCenis aucilebeli pirobaa erT

calkeul qveyanaSi ori an meti sxvadasxva kulturuli jgufis arseboba. am jgufebs

Soris gansxvavebebi SeiZleba ganpirobebuli iyos religiiT, eniT, rasiT,

nacionaluri xasiaTiT an am faqtorebis kombinaciiT.

rac Seexeba imas, Tu ramdenad mimdina-reobs dRes saqarTveloSi konfliqtebis

gamomwvevi mizezebis aRmofxvraze muSaoba, imis Tqma, rom saerTod ar mimdinareobs,

ar iqneboda zusti. arsebobs organizaciebi da adamianebi, romlebic Tavisi

SesaZleblobebis farglebSi amas akeTeben. imarTeba Sexvedrebi, tardeba treningebi,

rogorc TbilisSi, aseve regionebSi. xdeba zogjer mTavrobis mier daxmarebis

gacemac. sainformacio saSualebe-bic weren da saubroben am Temaze. iSviaTad, magram

mainc xdeba saqvelmoqmedo Semowir-vebic, arasamTavrobo organizaciebi cdiloben

SeZlebisdagvarad Tavisi wvlilis Setanas, magram iseT qveyanaSi, rogoric

dRevandeli saqarTveloa, sadac amdeni ltolvilia, amdeni umuSevari, sadac

mosaxleobis umete-soba siRaribis zRvars ver ascilebia, sadac yoveldRe gesmis

rogor irRveva adamianis uflebebi, rogor iklaven Tavs sasowarkve-Tamde misuli

adamianebi, es aris wveTi zRvaSi. sruliad bunebrivia, rom aseT dros mosalodnelia

socialuri konfliqtebis warmoqmna.

im kiTxvas rom vupasuxoT, Tu ramdenad aris dakmayofilebeli Zireuli adamianuri

moTxovnilebebi usafrTxoebisa, laparakia fizikur, fsiqo-socialur, ekonomikuri

usafrTxoebis ganzomilebebze, - Zalian cudad rom ar vTqaT, saerTod ar aris

dakmayofilebuli. pensionerebs uyinaven pensias, samsaxurSi ar arigeben xelfass.

axalgazrdebi umaRlesi saswavleblis dam-Tavrebis Semdeg ver Souloben samsaxurs.

avadmyofi adamiani ver midis eqimTan. martoxela moxucebi SimSiloben. quCebi

gatenilia maTxovrebiT. sainformacio saSua-lebebis siuJetebi daemsgavsa

“saSinelebaTa filmebis” scenarebs. sasowarkveTili adami-anebi metros matareblebs

borblebSi uxte-bian. ganrisxebuli adamianebi gzebs ketaven. ar arsebobs saSualo

fena. ar daadga saSveli mrewvelobis amuSavebas. mosaxleobis 80% vaWrobs - erT

adgilas yidulobs, meore adgilas yidis imisTvis, rom SimSiliT ar mokvdes.

yvelasTvis cnobili faqtia, rom im qveyanaSi, sadac adamianebs pirveladi

sasicocxlo moTxovnilebebi dakmayofile-buli ar aqvT, iq simSvide da

civilizebuli cxovreba arasodes ar iqneba. xelisuflebam da mosaxleobis mdidarma

fenam e.w. elita-rulma, Tu unda, rom TviTonac safrTxes aaridos Tavi, pirvel

rigSi am sakiTxze unda izrunos. unda daicvas adamianebis Zireuli moTxovna

usafrTxoebisa. Seqmnas samuSao adgilebi, sadac iseTi anazRaureba iqneba, rom

adamianma Tavisi usafrTxoebis moTxovnileba daikmayofilos. saxelmwifom unda

izrunos moxucebze da avadmyofebze.

identurobis moTxovnilebamac SeiZleba gamoiwvios konfliqti. laparakia klasobriv,

sqesobriv, religiur da sxva identurobaze. qalebma mixedes TavianT Tavs da

daaarses qalTa kvleviTi da sakonsultacio orga-nizaciebi. samwuxarod, xdeba

religiur umciresobaTa devna, maTi uflebebis Selaxva. gasagebia, rom

marTlmadidebeli qveyana varT da Cveni religia da rwmena aravis ar unda

davaCagvrinoT, magram es cota civilizebu-lad Tu ar gavakeTeT, aqac SeiZleba

socialur konfliqts hqondes adgili. (amis SemTxvevebi samwuxarod ukve ramdenime

iyo).

aseve samwuxarod saqarTveloSi dRes arsebobs meorexarisxovni, mesamexarisxovani da

rac yvelaze savalaloa, arasrulfasovani moqalaqebis faqtori. amdeni stresgadata-

nili adamiani, romelic Tavisi Tavis realizebas versad ver axerxebs, araraobad

grZnobs Tavs. Zlier imata fsiqiurad daavadebul da depresiaSi myof adamianTa

ricxvma.

sofleli-qalaqeli, qali-kaci, qarTveli-araqaraTveli, “kaitipi-goimi”, me aq

davamatebdi Tbiliseli-ltolvili. es gamoTqmebi TavisTavad TiTqos arafers

gansakuTrebuls ar niSnavs, ubralod faqtis konstataciaa, magram dRes maTSi (ufro

swo-red erT-erT orTaganSi) damamcirebeli da uaryofiTi elementebia Cadebuli,

amitom sakmaod mtkivneulad aRiqmeba. me vTvli, rom es gamoTqmebic xSirad uazro

konfliq-tis mizezi xdeba da ukeTesia Tavi SevikavoT, isedac bevri problemebi

gvaqvs gadasawyveti.

amrigad, rogorc Cans, konfliqtebi Cveni cxovrebis is ganuyofeli nawilia,

romelic moiTxovs prevenciul samuSaoebs, da aseve saWiroebs gaTviTcnobierebas

sazoga-doebis mxridan. bunebrivia, rom upirveles yovlisa am Temaze unda izrunos

dResdReobiT qveyanaSi ierarqiulad arsebulma yvelaze Zlierma safexurma, anu

saxelwifo struq-turebma. Tumca, es ar niSnavs imas, rom sazogadoeba ar unda iqnas

CarTuli konfliq-tis Tavidan acilebis winaswar samuSaoebSi. anu situacia

faqtiurad moiTxovs mWidro TanamSromlobas ara marto saxelmwifo struqturebsa

da arasamTavrobo organiza-ciebs (samoqalaqo sazogadoeba) Soris, aramed kerZo

struqturebsa da darCenil sazogado-ebas Sorisac. am wris yvela wevrs Tavis roli

gaaCnia qveynis momavali mSvidobiani keTildReobis mosapoveblad.

interviuebi bartonis Temaze

daTo turaSvili, mwerali

konfliqts iwvevs uamravi agresia, romelic grovdeba im garemoSi sadac adamians ar

gaaCnia normalurad arsebobis pirobebi, sadac ar aris daculi uflebebi da ar

arsebobs usafrTxoebis garantiebi. aqedan gamomdinare adamiani konfliqturi xdeba.

adamianebi naklebad konfliqturebi arian iseT garemoSi, sadac maTi uflebebi ar

ilaxeba, miTumetes xelisuflebis mxridan. CvenTan arsebuli konfliqtebi aRar

arsebobs iseT qveynebSi, sadac saxelmwifo ar uqmnis adamianebs amis gamomwvev

pirobebs. konfliqtebis mogvareba ormxrivi procesia – marto qvemodan raimes

Secvla SeuZlebelia, zemodanac unda ganxorcieldes garkveuli cvlilebebi.

moqalaqeebma rogorc ar unda moindomon rom ar iyvnen konfliqturebi, amis

calmxrivad gadaWra mainc Znelia. xelisuflebisa da garkveuli elitis garda

faqtiurad yvela konfliqtogenur situaciaSi imyofeba.

rac Seexeba axal politikur filosofias, romelic arc memarjvene iqneba da arc

memarcxene, SesaZloa cota mogvianebiT adamianebi mividnen iqamde, rom ganxorcieldes

amgvari cvlilebebi. amas gamocdileba ganapirobebs. orive tipis sistemas problemebi

moaqvs, radganac orive radikalurad gamijnuli pirobebis Semqmnelia, mniSvnelovania

rom moxdes garkveuli saxis sinTezi. es adre Tu gvian moxdeba, da iqneba ufro

meti mcdeloba imisa, rom Seiqmnas iseTi socialuri garemo, sadac aRmoifxvreba

orive sistemis simaxinjeebi. adamiani aucileblad miva aqamde, radganac igi nebismier

politikur sistemaze maRla dgas, misi moqceva garkveul CarCoebSi an dogmebSi da

misi amgvari dakmayofileba warmoudgenlad meCveneba.

giorgi xuciSvili, konfliqtebisa da molaparakebebis saerTaSoriso kvleviTi

centris damaarsebeli da direqtori

rac ufro ganviTardeba qveynis resursebi, amoqmeddeba qveynis potenciali da rac

ufro gajansaRdeba qveyanaSi socialur-ekonomikuri mdgomareoba miT ufro meti

Sansi iqmneba konfliqtebis mSvidobianad gadawyvetisaTvis da amave dros axali

konfliqtebis Tavidan asacileblad. konkretuli magaliTi rom aviRoT, qarTul-

afxazuri konfliqtis daregulirebisaTvis Zalian didi mniSvneloba hqonda imas, rom

saqarTveloSi ver mowesrigda socialur-ekonomikuri mdgomareoba. amis

ganxorcieleba didi stimuli iqneboda imisaTvis rom molaparakebebis Sedegad

realuri gamxdariyo federalizmis modelis miReba orive mxaris mier. magram

procesebis aseT ganviTarebas Sansi ar mieca nawilobriv imis gamo rom saqarTveloSi

gauaresda mdgomareoba, ganviTarda korufcia, es yvelaferi xelze daixvies

afxazeTis damoukideblobis propagandistebma.

samoqalaqo omis periodSi cxadi gaxda rom saqarTveloSi eTno-nacionalisturma

ideebma fexi moikides, es yvela SemTxvevaSi destruqciul mimarTulebas warmoadgens

da unda vecadoT am tendenciebis Tavidan acileba. garda amisa aucilebelia meti

yuradRebis daTmoba urTierTobebis gajansaRebisaTvis yvela doneze. vinaidan

sazogadoebis klimatis sijansaRis xarisxze iqneba damokidebuli eris konsolidacia,

xolo eris konsolidacia aucilebelia yvela didi sakiTxis gadasawyvetad.

rac Seexeba genderul sakiTxebs mosaxleobis Segneba am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT

metad dabalia, rac Zalian SemaSfoTebelia. miuxedavad imisa rom saqarTvelo qalis

kultis qveyanad iTvleba, qali realurad ganixileba rogorc meore rigis arseba

mosaxleobis farTo fenebisa da jgufebis mier, rac absoluturad miuRebelia

ocdameerTe saukuneSi civilizebuli erisaTvis, romelic cdilobs adgili

daimkvidros msoflio asparezze. klasobriv sakiTxebze Tu vilaparakebT

saqarTveloSi klasebi Seqmnis procesSia - Seiqmna Zalian viwro, mdidarTa klasi,

Seiqmna RaribTa klasi romelic dRiTi dRe ufro Ratakdeba, amave dros ar Seiqmna

is saSualo klasi romelic Cveni socialuri da ekonomikuri ganviTarebis sayrdeni

unda iyos. am klasis ganviTareba unda moxdes mcire biznesis, Sesabamisi

kanonmdeblobis, samarTal-wesrigis damyarebis, cnobierebis Secvlis meSveobiT. am

yvelafris ukan dgas Zalian seriozuli sakiTxi - samoqalaqo sazogadoebis

Camoyalibeba da samoqalaqo Segnebis da Rirebulebebis Camoyalibeba adamianebSi.

yovelive es moiTxovs ganaTlebis sistemis reformas, mis Tanamedrove relsebze

gadayvanas.

- Cveni sazogadoebis garkveul nawils aSinebs, is rom konfliqtebis mogvarebis

filosofia gaxdes axali politikuri azrovnebis safuZveli, radgan iTvleba rom

ukonfliqto ganviTareba da ukonfliqto mentaliteti aris sisustis maCvenebeli,

kompromisuli suliskveTeba ganixileba rogorc gamousadegari da irCeven Setevis

strategiebs. erTi meores absoluturad ar gamoricxavs. asertiuli, pro-aqtiuri

qceva da amave dros konfliqtebis prevencia anu usafuZvlod daZabulobis ar Seqmna

sazogadoebaSi aris absoluturad normaluri da misaRebi situacia. SeiZleba iTqvas

rom konfliqtebis mogvareba da konfliqtebis Tavidan acileba aris garkveuli

politikuri filosofia, romelic SeiZleba gaxdes qveynis filosofiis safuZveli.

giga bokeria, Tavisuflebis instituti:

saqarTveloSi socialur-ekonomikuri pirobebis Secvla SeiZleba sakmarisi ar iyos

konfliqtebis mogvarebisaTvis, magram es udaod aucilebelia. saqarTvelo jer-

jerobiT iseTi qveyanaa romelic ver akmayofilebs sakuTar moqalaqeebs, amrigad ar

aris gasakviri, rom im teritoriebze, sadac konfliqtogenuri situaciaa, naklebad

arsebobs pro-qarTuli tendenciebi. aqedan gamomdinare afxazebisa da osebis pozicia

SesaZloa gasamarTlebeli ar aris, magram gasagebia. dResdReobiT omi wagebulia,

arsebobs mtruli ganwyobebi da SurisZiebis motivacia, xSir SemTxvevaSi safuZvliani

SurisZiebis, am situaciaSi sruliad gasagebia, rom nebismieri patrioti afxazi

SeewinaaRmdegeba amgvari saqrTvelos mis teritoriaze Sesvlas - isini ganicdian

safrTxes Cveni mxridan. rogorc ki Cven Zala gveqneba, maTi Sansebi imisa rom

iarsebon Zalze patara gaxdeba. Tu saqarTvelo gaxdeba WeSmaritad Tavisufali

saxelmwifo, sadac adamianis uflebebs da Rirsebas pativs scemen, sadac arsebobs

TamaSis garkveuli wesebi, es iqneba yvelaze mokle gza teritoriuli mTlianobis

aRsadgenad da konfliqtebis mosagvareblad.

rac Seexeba klasobriv konfliqtebs, sabednierod da amave dros samwuxarod me ver

vxedav am tipis afeTqebis saSiSroebas. afeTqeba SeiZleba moxdes iq, sadac arsebobs

garkveuli molodinebi, me ki mgonia, rom saqarTveloSi am etapze realuri

molodinebi ar arsebobs, Tumca es ar niSnavs dapirispirebis ar arsebobas. Cemi

azriT, ar aris imis pirobebi rom es organizebul moZraobaSi gadaizardos.

mosalodnelia kidev ufro didi dezintegracia ara teritoriuli TvalsazrisiT,

aramed sazogadoebaSi, radganac isic kiTxvis niSnis qveS dgas varT Tu ara qveyana.

saxelmwifo ara marto xelisuflebis arsebobas niSnavs, aramed garkveuli

erTianobis SegrZnebasac, romelic xSir SemTxvevaSi ar gagvaCnia. sazogadoeba

faqtiurad iyofa or nawilad. nomenklatura, romelic sargeblobs Seqmnili

situaciiT da moralurad da materialurad damkvidrebuli aqvs Tavi, da bevrad

ufro didi masa, romelic ver axorcielebs verc uflebebs da verc movaleobebs.

aqedan gamomdinare sanam arsebobs aseTi dayofa da dapirispireba eris an qveynis

mTlianobaze laparaki absurdia. gamsaxurdias periodSi iyo swored imis mcdeloba,

(aranakleb maxinji formiT) rodesac xelisuflebam scada xalxis ukmayofilebis

gamoyeneba, romelic e. w. elitis winaaRmdeg. yovelive aman Zalian mZime Sedegebi

mogvitana maSin. me imedi maqvs, rom es procesebi imdenad Rrmad ar ganviTarda rom

warmoSobiliyo klasobrivi zizRi, magram es gamqrali ra Tqma unda ar aris.

Tu gvinda rom mSvidobiani gzebiT moxdes socialuri cvlilebebi, maSin saqarTvelo

aRar unda iyos is qveyana, rasac dRes warmoadgens – mmarTvelma kastam uari unda

Tqvas im privilegiebze, rac gaaCniaT. TavisiT isini amas ar gaakeTeben. erTaderTi

Sansi imaSi mdgomareobs, rom es sistema ixuTeba, is ver muSaobs. SesaZloa es gaxdes

winapiroba imisa rom mmarTvelma klasma moaxdinos raRaceebis gadaxedva. winaaRmdeg

SemTxvevaSi saZarcvi aRar darCeba araferi. Cemi xedva imaSi mdgomareobs, rom Cven

Zalian didi dro davkargeT da kidev erTxel gadaido am qveynis normalur qveyanad

Camoyalibeba. SeiZleba istoriis am monakveTSi es Cveni ukanaskneli Sansi iyos.

radganac arsebobs qveynebi romlebic aTwleulebs atareben sisxlisRvraSi da

araferi iq ar regulirdeba. Cemi azriT didi Secdomaa imis fiqri, rom sadRac

viRacas vWirdebiT, rom navTobsadeni gadagvarCens da a.S. es aris mxolod qveynis

ganviTarebisTvis xelSemwyobi piroba. Tu TviTon saqarTvelo da misi moqalaqeebi

ver mivlen iqamde rom SeTanxmdnen Tu rogori unda iyos es qveyana, Tu ra aris

Rirebuli, sxvagan es sakiTxebi ver da ar gadawydeba.

me mgonia rom yvelaferi midis imisaken, rom Camoyalibdes axali tipis politikuri

filosofia, romelic arc memarjvene iqneba, arc memarcxene, radganac im gagebiT

politikuri konfliqti romelic arsebobda memarjveneebsa da memarcxeneebs Soris

Tundac 30 wlis win aRar aris amdenad aqtualuri. magram Cvens winaSe bevrad ufro

martivi problemebi dgas, adamianis Rirseba, misi uflebebi, Tanasworuflebianoba. es

iseTi ideebia razec kamaTi aRar mimdinareobs. mxolod amis mogvarebis Semdeg aris

SesaZlo fiqri iseT sakiTxebze rac mwvaved dgas ganviTarebul qveynebSi.

xaTuna sanikiZe, fsiqologi-konfliqtologi:

pirvel rigSi aqcenti unda gakeTdes ZiriTadi socialuri moTxovnilebebis

dakmayofilebaze. rodesac sazogadoebis didi nawili darCenili aris yovelgvari

socialuri uzrunvelyofis gareSe da ver xerxdeba moTxovnilebebis dakmayofileba

veranair doneze yovelTvis iarsebebs imis kera, rom raRacam gamoiwvios agresia da

konfliqturi situaciebi. Sesabamisad moTxovnilebebis dakmayofileba da problemebis

mogvareba uzrunvelyofs konfliqtis Tavidan acilebas. pirvel rigSi unda

arsebobdes socialuri usafrTxoebis gancda, radgan sazogadoeba absoluturad

daucvelia da yvelafris eSinia. aseve cvlilebebi unda ganxorcieldes ganaTlebis

sistemaSi - ganaTlebis sistema adaptirebuli unda iyos sazogadoebis moTxovnebze.

unda arsebobdes imis saSualeba, rom sazogadoebam miiRos ganaTleba im formiT,

rogoriTac Tvlis saWirod, am SemTxvevaSi gansakuTrebiT axal-gazrdebze maqvs

laparaki.

xelfasebis gazrda ra Tqma unda aucilebelia, magram amis garda saerTod dasaqmebis

problema aris mosagvarebeli, radganac sazogadoebis yvelaze jansaRi da aqtiuri

nawili, romel-sac gaaCnia funqcionirebis moTxovnileba TviTrealizacias ver

axdens, Sesabamisad es adami-anebi imuxtebian uaryofiTi emociebiT, viTardeba agresia

rac damatebiT problemebs warmoqmnis.

me mTis mwvervalze viyavi”

masala moamzada ia merkvilaZe

dRevandeli travmirebuli qarTuli sazogadoeba permanentuli stresebiTa da

gadauwyveteli problemebiT `daxunZluli~ Seegeba axal aTaswleuls. kriminalur-

korufciuli da politikur-socialuri bataliebiT gadaRlils, bunebrivia ar

axsendeba, rom msoflios am bataliebis mogvarebis alternatiuli gamocdilebac

aqvs. gza, romelic araZaladobas, toleran-tobas da adamianTa Soris adamianuri Tu

RvTiuri kavSiris arsebobas moicavs. es ar aris fantazmi. es adamianis mier Seqmnili

realobaa. Tumca sastiki kanonzomierebac araa fantazmi. amgvar araordinalur

admianebs ... klaven.

mahaTma gandi, martin luTer kingi... es is pirovnebebia, romelTa Sinagani samyaro

ver, Tu jer ver `moergo~ planetis mkvidrTa gonsa da guls. ramdenad grZnobs

dRevandeli adamiani cnebis `giyvardes mteri Seni~ aucileblobas? martin luTer

kingis suliskveTebidan ra SeiZleba gadmovitanoT qarTul sinamdvileSi? rogor

aRviqvamT dRevandeli situaciidan gamomdinare, Cven, qarTvelebi liberalizms,

politikur liderobas, adamianTa uflebebis uzena-esobas? ra aris samarTlebrivi

saxelmwifo? aris Tu ara krizisi saqarTvelos `Cveuleb-rivi” mdgomareoba?

am da sxva sakiTxebze saintereso diskusia gaimarTa `konfliqtebisa da

molaparakebebis saerTaSoriso kvleviTi centris” bazaze Seqmnil klub `akordSi~.

`akordis~ pirveli akordi swored martin luTer kingis dabadebis dRes mieZRvna (19

ianvari). am adamians Tanamema-muleni `pirvel amerikel wmindans~, `msoflios

saCuqars~, termin `Zvirfasi sazogadoebis~ damamkvidrebels da ideur winamZRols

uwodeben. swored misi cxovrebis da tragikuli aRsasrulis Sesaxeb gviambo

specialurad am dRisTvis mowveulma stumarma, amerikelma profesorma b-n jon hikim.

msmenelebi da diskusiaSi monawileni ki gaxldaT arasamTavrobo organizaciebis,

masmediis warmomadgenlebi. isini, vinc dRes sazogadoebis sijansaRis pulss adevneben

Tvalyurs.

* * *

martin luTer kingma saintereso cxovreba ganvlo saeklesio msaxuridan SavkanianTa

lideramde, nicSesa da marqsis Teoriebis kritikidan qristesa da gandis

`liturgiamde~. igi im pirovnebaTa (vaSing-toni da linkolni) sameulSia, romelTa

dabadebis dRes nacionalur dResaswaulad aRniSnaven a.S.S.-Si.

yvelaferi ki iqidan daiwyo, rom igi mRvdelmsaxurad montgomeriSi Cavida. verc ki

warmoidgenda, rom nebsiT Tu uneblied moxvdeboda iseT krizisul mdgomareobaSi,

sadac araZaladobrivi winaaRmdegobis meTo-dis gamoyeneba mouxeboda. igi maSin 26

wlis gaxldaT...

* * *

Savkaniani qalis - roza parksis uarma avtobusiT mgzavrobisas zangisTvis

`gankuTvnil~ adgilas, transportis ukana nawilSi gadasuliyo, raTa

TeTrkanianisTvis adgili daeTmo, saprotesto aqciebis mTeli talRa aagora.

rasistebis mier igi dapatimrebul iqna. amas ki gaficvebi da qalaqis ekono-mikuri

paralizeba moyva. xalxma kingi `moixmo~, raTa am moZraobas saTaveSi Cadgomoda...

SeZlo ki man Tavisi nanatri `Zvirfasi sazogadoebis~ Seqmna? erTi kia, rom sokra-

tes, platonis, hegelis, Tomas akvinelis, gandis, wminda avgustines ideebiT

nasazrdo-ebi adamiani mTeli arsiT CaerTo Tavisi ocnebis ganxorcielebaSi. ocneba

ki gaxldaT is, rom Savkanianebsa da TeTrkanianebs Tanabari uflebebi hqonodaT... rom

adamianebi TavianT maxinj stereotipebs SewinaaRmde-gebodnen... rom Raribebsa da

mdidrebs Soris Tanasworuflebianoba damkvidrebuliyo... `dabrmavebuli~ xalxisTvis

mSvidobiani daumorCileblobis saSualebiT Tvali aexila. Tavad igi werda: `gandi,

albaT, admianTa istoriaSi pirveli iyo, vinc qristes moraluri siyvaruli

pirovnebaTa Soris urTierTqmedebaze gadaitana da farTomaStabian efeqtur

samoqmedo Zalad aqcia. gandisTvis siyvaruli yvelaze Zliermoqmedi iaraRi gaxldaT

socialur-koleqtiuri cvlilebebis gansaxorcie-leblad. swored siyvarulisa da

araZala-dobis gandiseul gaazrebaSi me vipovne socialuri gardaqmnebis meTodi.

vipove is, rasac didixania veZebdi~...

ocdacxrameti wlis asakSi kingi mokles. mokles maSin, roca morigi samSvido-bo

protestisaTvis emzadeboda. man icoda, rom mis sicocxles safrTxe emuqreboda,

magram xalxs ganucxada, rom am `wvrilmans~ arsebiTi mniSvneloba ar hqonda. `me

mTis mwvervalze viyavi da arafers vnanob... mec minda didxans sicocxle, magram axla

es naklebad maRelvebs. me uflis nebis Sesru-leba minda. man ki mwvervalze asvlis

ufleba momca. me mimovixede da nanatri miwa davinaxe... me arafris meSinia...~

ramdenime saaTis Semdeg igi mokles...

robert kenedim, romelmac or TveSi kingis tragikuli bedi gaiziara, amerike-lebs

auwya: `kingis sikvdili samudamo sisxlian laqad darCeba Cvens miwaze. Cven unda

SevecadoT am adamians mTeli guliTa da grZnobiT gavugoT. iqneb SevZloT adamianuri

sigiJis morjuleba da srulyo-fil samyaroSi cxovreba...~

* * *

`me verasodes ver Seveguebodi individualuri Tavisuflebis SezRudvas. axlac

darwmunebuli var, rom adamiani warmoadgens mizans, rom igi - RvTis qmni-lebaa.

adamiani ki ar aris Seqmnili saxelmwifosTvis, aramed saxelmwifoa - adamianisaTvis.

waarTva adamians Tavisufleba - es imas niSnavs, rom igi sagnad aqcio... adamians

arasodes ar unda moepyro, rogorc saxelmwifos miznebis asrulebis saSualebas.

adamiani Tavadaa mizani.~

`gandis Seswavlisas me aRmovaCine, rom namdvili pacifizmi aris borotebisadmi

arSewinaaRmdegeba ki ara, aramed borote-bisadmi araZaladobrivi SewinaaRmdegeba. am

or pozicias Soris mniSvnelovani gansxvavebaa. gandi borotebas mTeli energiiTa da

ZaliT ebrZoda, magram igi ewinaaRmdegeboda ara siZulviliT, aramed siyvaruliT.

namdvili pacifizmi aris siyvarulis ZaliT borote-basTan SewinaaRmdegeba, romelic

emyareba imas, rom sjobs boroteba aitano, vidre Tavad iyo borotebis wyaro~.

`modiT, viyoT realistebi da vikiT-xoT: rogor SeviyvaroT Cveni mtrebi?

upirveles yovlisa, Cven CvenSi pati-ebis grZnoba unda ganvaviTaroT. mas, visac

patieba ar SeuZlia, arc siyvaruli Seswevs.

patieba es ar aris imis ignorireba, rac gakeTda an borotebis sikeTed wardgena.

ufro swored es imas niSnavs, rom ganxorci-elebuli boroteba amieridan aRar

warmoad-gens urTierTobis damyarebis bariers. patieba - es aris katalizatori,

romelic qmnis im atmosferos, romelic aucilebelia axali nabijebis gadasadgamad,

axali cxovrebis dasawyebad.~

`radganac araZaladobis filosofia mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs, upriani iqneboda

am koncefciis Sinaarsi mokled mimovixiloT.

pirveli: unda aRvniSnoT, rom araZaladobis politika - es ar aris laCar-Ta gza. es

aris winaaRmdegoba. Tu vinme am meTods imitom iyenebs, rom eSinia an ar aqvs

saSualeba Zaladobas mimarTos, es kidev ar niSnavs WeSmarit araZaladobas.

SemTxveviT ar ambobs gandi, rom Tu silaCre Zaladobis erTaderTi alternativaa,

sjobs vibrZoloT. gandis gacnobierebuli hqonda, rom arsebobs sxva alternativac:

arc erTi adamiani Tu adamianTa jgufi ar unda moiqces usindisod, samarTliani

saqmisaTvis Zaladobas ar unda mimarTos, radganac arsebobs araZaladobis gza.

es Zlieri adamianebis gzaa. es ar aris umoqmedo pasiurobis gza. frazas `pasiuri

winaaRmdegoba~ xSirad arasworad igeben da mas `srul umoqmedobad~ aRiqvamen, roca

adamiani borotebas mSvidad egueba. amave dros araferi araa ise Sors simarTli-sgan,

rogorc es fraza. araZaladobrivi winaaRmdegobis mimdevari im saxiTaa pasiuri, rom

igi fizikur Zaladobas ar mimarTavs Tavisi mowinaaRmdegeebis mimarT, magram misi

tvini da emociebi aqtiuria. igi gamudmebiT eZebs gzas, raTa daarwmunos

mowinaaRmdege imaSi, rom igi ar iqceva sworad. Tu am meTodSi ar aris fizikuri

aqtiuroba, samagierod aris uzarmazari sulieri muxti.

meore: riT xasiaTdeba araZala-dobrivi politika? - es aris mowinaaRmdege Zalis

Seuracxyofis gamoricxva. mizani is ki ar aris, rom mowinaaRmdege gaanadguro,

aramed is, rom misi siyvaruli da TanagrZnoba daimsaxuro. am politikis momxreebs

TavianTi protesti SeuZliaT gamoxaton boikotiT an TanamSromlobaze uaris TqmiT.

magram Tavad es moqmedebebi ar warmoadgenen TviTmi-zans. isini mowinaaRmdegis

mxareSi sir-cxvilis grZnobis gamowvevas cdiloben. namdvili mizani ki codvis

gamosyidva da Serigebaa. araZaladobis saboloo mizania - Rirseuli sazogadoebis

Seqmna, maSin roca Zaladoba tragediasa da sasowarkveTilebas Sobs.

mesame: am politikis Tvisebaa is, rom moqmedeba boroti Zalebis winaaRmdegaa

mimarTuli da ara am borotebis matare-beli adamianebis winaaRmdeg. araZaladoba

ebrZvis borotebas da ara mis msxverplT, anu im adamianebs, romlebic am borotebas

atareben. me minda vuTxra montgomeris mcxovrebT: `Tqveni konfliqtis fesvebia ara

sxvadasxva feris kanis mqone adamianebis dapirispireba, aramed usamarTlobis da

samarTlianobis, sibnelis da sinaTlis dapirispireba~.

meoTxe: am politikas axasiaTebs is, rom Sen SegiZlia tanjva ise miiRo, rom

dartymas dartymiT ar upasuxo. araZalado-biTi winaaRmdegobis momxre pirobebiT

Seqmnil Zaladobas iRebs, magram arasodes ar badebs Zaladobas. gandi werda:

`yvelaze mniSvnelovani cxovrebaSi miiRweva ara marto jansaRi azriT, aramed

tanjviT~. da Semdeg: `tanjva ufro qmediTi saSualebaa, vidre Seecado mowinaaRmdege

junglebis kanoniT Secvalo.~

mexuTe: am politikis maxasiaTebelia is, rom igi gamoricxavs ara marto Zaladobas

garedan, aramed Sinagan Zaladoba-sac. araZaladobis momxre ara marto uaryofs

Tavisi mowinaaRmdegis fizikur ganadgurebas, aramed mis siZulvilzec ambobs uars.

am politikis qvakuTxedi siyvarulia.

meeqvse: araZaladoba amtkicebs, rom msoflios wesrigi samarTlianobas eyrdnoba.

aqedan gamomdinareobs momavlis rwmena, msoflios aRmSeneblobis suli. ara aqvs

mniSvneloba, Tu ra saxiT arsebobs igi. magram es aRmSeneblobiTi Zala realobis

gancalke-vebul elementebs harmoniul mTlianobad gardaqmnis.

* * *

ra SegviZlia Cven, saqarTvelos moqalaqeebma harmoniul mTlianobas SevZi-noT? Cveni

kultura da cnobiereba sakmao resurss gvaZlevs amisaTvis.

SevZlebT Tu ara?

es TiToeuli CvenTaganis gadasawyvetia.

qalis da mamakacis sxeuli XX saukunis perspeqtividan

nana berekaSvili

sakuTari sxeulis mimarT adamiani yovelTvis gansakuTrebul interess iCenda.

xelovnebaTmcodneebs Tu verwmuneT, msoflio saxviTi xelovnebis istoriaSi

adamianis sxe-uli saerTo jamSi yvelaze xSirad gamosaxu-li obieqtia.

amave dros kacobriobis TiTqmis mTeli istoriis manZilze xelovnebis Semqnelebi da

momxmareblebic ZiriTadad mamakacebi iyvnen. risi gamosaxva surdaT, an ar surdaT,

risi eSinodaT?

Tumca sxeulebrivi gansxvavebebi sqesTa Soris sruliad obieqturia da TvalnaTlivi.

warmodgenebi qalebsa da mamakacebs Soris gansxvavebebze efuZneba ara marto

anatomias, aramed socialur da masTan dakavSirebul fsiqologiur faqtorebsac.

sxeuli, aseve simboloa da raRac Tvalsaz-risiT `konstruirebuli~, anu Seqmnili

da mogonili obieqtia. am konstruqts qmnis yoveli konkretuli sazogadoeba Tavisi

ideologiis, religiuri warmodgenebis, modis, cxovrebis wesis, ierarqiis da msgavsi

maxasiaTeblebis safuZvelze.

gavixsenoT, ramdenjer Seicvala sxeuli Tundac XX saukunis manZilze: droisa da

modis moTxovnebis Sesabamisad icvleboda adamianebis simaRle, formebi, Ta-vis qala,

saxis nakvTebi. dRevandeli qarT-veli axalgazrda cotaTi Tu hgavs ociani wlebis

qarTvels. iaponeli eri ormoci wlis ganmavlobaSi 30 santimetriT gaizar-da.

sazogadoebis moTxovnis anu “SekveTis” mixedviT iWreba axali sxeuli da es cvli-

lebebi ver aixsneba mxolod sakvebis, ra-diaciis Tu genetikis oinebis saSualebiT.

amave gziT sazogadoeba ayalibebs sqes-TaSoris genderul gansxvavebebsac. genderi

sqesis socialuri ekvivalentia. sqesi dRes mxolod biologiur kategorias

aRniSnavs. igi Tandayolilia, xolo genderi anu Tviseba, roli, statusi da sqesTan

asocire-buli sxva niSani konstruirdeba, da Tanac yvela sazogadoebaSi -

sxvadasxvanairad.

xdeba isec, rom is, rac erT konkretul sazogadoebaSi sqesisTvis damaxasiaTeblad

da normad iTvleba, sxva sazogadoebaSi meore sqesisvis damaxasiaTeblad SeiZleba

CaiTva-los. margaret midi, gamoCenili antropo-logi, 40-ian wlebSi gakvirvebuli

darCa, roca aRmoaCina axal gvineaze tomi, romelSic sqesTan dakavSirebuli niSnebi

da qcevebi CvenTvis Cveulis sruliad sawina-aRmdego iyo: qalebi iyvnen saqmianebi,

moqni-lebi, mokrZalebulad ecvaT, organizebulad da efeqturad muSaobdnen.

mamakacebi ixate-bodnen, ipranWebodnen, rogorc `Cveni maRali sazogadoebis qalebi~,

Woraobdnen, Wirveu-lobdnen. isini saqmisgan Tavisuflebi iyvnen da maT mTavar

sazrunavs qalebisTvis Tavis mowoneba warmoadgenda.

aseTi magaliTebi bevria da isini swored im faqtis ilustraciaa, rom genderi ar

aris mudmivi kategoria da rom adamianTa warmodgenebze ufroa damokidebuli, vidre

biologiaze. adamianis sxeulic ki, romelic TvalsaCinoa da dakvirvebadi, mainc

eqceva genderis anu konstruirebuli Sexedulebis gavlenis qveS. magaliTad, qalisa

da mamakacis sxeulebis garSemo, maTi gansxvavebebis garSemo yovelTvis mravali miTi

da cru-rwmena arsebobda. isini aisaxeboda mistiur SiSSi, akrZalvebSi da specialur

ritua-lebSi... dResac, zogierTi tradicia da religia krZalavs sxeulis calkeuli

nawi-lebis gamoCenas. mraval kulturaSi gavrce-lebulia sxeulis nawilebis

damaxinjebis praqtika...

unda aRiniSnos, rom Cvens samyaroSi, sadac mravali saukune mamakacis Tvalsazrisi

batonobda (amas mecnierebaSi androcentrizms uwodeben, sityvidan `andr~ - mamakaci)

qali da qalis sxeuli aRiqmeboda rogorc `sxva~ da ara `me~, rogorc obieqti da

ara subieqti, rogorc mamakacuri etalonidan gadaxveva. Tavisi sxeulis

konstruirebaSi qali ar iRebda monawileobas. is mxolod pasiuri `Semsrulebeli~

iyo. sxvisi TvaliT danaxu-li qali ki, cxadia, Znelad Sesacnobia. xSirad gaigonebT

gamoTqmas _ qali saidum-loa, magram visTvis aris igi saidumlo? cxadia, ara TviT

qalisTvis, aramed imisTvis, vinc kacobriobis saxeliT gamodioda da sinamdvileSi

mxolod misi erT-erTi naxe-varia. amitom qalis sxeulis gagebaSi bevri bundovanebaa,

miTebi ereva biologias da biologia ereva socialur moTxovnebs.

qalis da mamakacis sxeulebze war-modgenebis istoriaSi cnobilia ori gansxva-

vebuli Tvalsazrisi anu modeli: calsqe-siani modeli gvTavazobs im azrs, rom ori

sxvadasxva genderi _ qaluri da mamakacuri _ Tavis safuZvelSi erTsa da imave

sqess gulisxmobs. orsqesiani modeli ki im azridan amodis, rom qali da mamakaci

imTa-viTve gansxvavebulni da urTierTSemavsebelni arian. sainteresoa, rom

calsqesiani modeli ufro didi xnis ganmavlobaSi da farTod iyo gavrcelebuli.

Zveli berZnebis warmodgenebSi qali mamakacis Semcirebuli aslia. amasTan is, rac

mamakacs garedan aqvs, qalis sxeulis SigniT aris moTavsebuli. magaliTad saSvi-

losno - penisis ekvivalentia, menstruacia - eakulaciis. imas, rac ar gaaCnda

mamakacs da gaaCnda qals, ubralod ignorirebas ukeTebdnen. sakvercxeebs, romlebic

XIX saukunidan qalurobis sinonimad gadaiqca, adre sakuTari saxelic ki ar hqonda.

XVII saukunemde evropaSi anatomebs ar gaaCndaT saSos aRmniSvneli sityva.

yvelaferi mamakacuri modelis mixedviT igeboda da moiazreboda. igi ufro

srulyofilad miiC-neoda.

sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi, sadac mamakacebi SeuzRudavad batonobdnen cals-qesiani

modeli imas uCvenebda, rac isedac cxadi iyo mTliani kulturidan: yvelafris

sazomi mamakacia, xolo qali, rogorc calke kategoria ar arsebobs. igi ubralod

ufro naklebi, raRaceebis armqone, susti, uunaro, magram igive kategoriis arsebaa.

adamianis sxeulis etaloni ki mamakacis sxeulia.

me XVIII saukunidan, qalebsa da mamakacebs Soris gansxvavebebis xazgasma

ideologiurad mniSvnelovani gaxda. aqa iq ukve `saSiSad~ gaiJRera qalTa

Tanasworobis Temam. amitom gaxda saWiro axli Teoria, romelic gaamarTlebda

sqesTa Soris arse-bul socialur, uflebrivi da statusur gansxvavebebs... da

calsqesiani modeli orsqe-siani modeliT Seicvala. am modelis mixed-viT yvelaferi

qaluri da mamakacuri abso-lutur winaaRmdegobaSia erTimeoresTan. es yvela

sqesobriv niSnebze vrceldeba. axala-xans amerikaSi gamosul wignSi `ConCxis

istoria”, naCvenebia Tu rogor gamoisaxeboda sxvadasxva droSi da kulturebSi

adamianis ConCxi. XVIII saukunemde anatomebi mamakacis da qalis ConCxs erTnairad

xatavdnen, oRond qalis ConCxi zomiT ufro patara iyo (calsqesiani modeli). XVIII

saukunis gamo-saxulebebSi ConCxebi imdenad gansxvavebulad gamoiyureba, rom verc ki

mixvdebiT ekuTvnis Tu ara orive adamians. mamakacis `aTleturi~ ConCxi gamoisaxeba

Rirseul pozebSi, xolo qalis ConCxi, ganuviTarebeli Zvlovani sistemiT,

gamoisaxeba mokrZalebul pozaSi, dafaruli aqvs uxerxuli adgilebi da Tavze

lamazi qudic ki axuravs.

p. pikaso. `skulptori da mideli~

mamakacurobis mTavari principi Semdegia: mamakaci ar unda gavdes qals, is yovelTvis

da yvelgan unda rCebodes subieq-tad da mdgomareobis baton-patronad. mamakacis

sxeuli ZiriTadad ori metaforis saxiT gamoisaxeboda: rogorc Zalauflebis da

Zalis simbolo an rogorc silamazis da siamovnebis simbolo - yvela SemTxvevaSi,

misi sxeuli moZravi da aqtiuri unda yofi-liyo.

qali (gansakuTrebiT evropul xelov-nebaSi) pasiur pozaSia da Tavisi mimzidveli

siSiSvlis demonstracias axdens potenciuri mayureblis - mamakacis winaSe.

amdenad, qalis sxeulze `SemkveTi~ da misi `momxmarebeli~ - yvela droSi mamakaci

iyo. xolo mamakacis erT-erTi SekveTa ki mdgomareobda imaSi, rom qalis sxeuli ar

gamxdariyo misi konkurentunariani. sxeuli, romelsac eqneboda Tavisuflebis,

Zalauf-lebis da subieqtad gaxdomis atributebi da Sesabamisad pretenzia, mas ar

awyobda. qalis sxeuli sxvadasxva modifikaciebiT, mainc yovelTvis iWreboda im

Targze, rom Seeqmna da SeenarCunebina qalisTvis arasrul-fasovanis, sxvaze

damokidebulis, sustis, daucvelis, magram amave dros esTetikuri da fizikuri

siamovnebis momniWebelis saxe. amitom qalis sxeulis sasurveli atributebi iyo:

wvrilweliani, ganieri menjiT, dam-reci mxrebiT, mamakacze sagrZnoblad dabali,

didi mucliT (sasurvelia orsuli), fom-flo, TeTri. amas emateboda moZraobis Sem-

zRudavi da mouxerxebeli tanisamosi, ara-stabiluri fexsacmeli, rTuli

varcxniloba da mZime samkauli. ase konstruirebuli qalis sxeuli Zalian momgebiani

iyo mamakacisTvis. mas SeeZlo warmatebiT Seesrulebina rep-roduqciuli da

momsaxureobiTi valdebu-lebebi. is akmayofilebda garkveul seqsu-alur `esTetikas~

da seqsualurad mimzid-velad miiCneoda. da, rac mTavaria, radika-lurad

gansxvavdeboda mamakacisgan. amgvarad moazrebul sxeuls bunebrivia Tan axlda miTebi

mis (qalis) uunarobaze mTel rig fizikur, inteleqtualur da sulier saqmi-

anobebSi: misTvis daxuruli iyo sazogado-ebrivi sferoebi, daxuruli iyo

universite-tebi da xelovnebis sferoebi, rom araferi vTqvaT politikaze da

religiaze. sporti ukanasknel dromde qalebisTvis uweso da mZime saqmianobad

iTvleboda (Tumca saxlSi qali yovelgvar mZime samuSaos asrulebda). warmoidgineT

kranaxis, ticianis an rubensis qalebi amgvari `seriozuli~ saqmeSi: magali-Tad,

universitetis kaTedraze, poli-tikuri debatebis dros an Tundac ubralod, martod

mosiarule! marTlac didi xani araa, rac qalma damoukideblad gadaadgilebis

ufleba moipova. misi sxeuli imdenad arasrul-yofilad iyo wamosaxuli, rom yovel

wuTSi SeiZleboda guli wasvloda, fexi eRrZo, waqceuliyo da ver amdgariyo, ver

moexerxebina swrafi reagireba, ver garkveuliyo situaciaSi da xifaTisgan Tavi ver

daexsna. ai aseTi arasando sxeuli uboZa qals patriarqalurma samyarom.

SeiZleba gvefiqra, rom samagierod mamakacis sxeuli konstruirdeboda qalis mier.

xom bunebrivia, rom Tu sxeulisTvis mniSvnelovania sqesobrivi mimzidveloba, igi

pirvel rigSi meore sqesis interesebs akma-yofilebdes. magram ase ar xdeboda.

sinamd-vileSi qalebs mraval kulturaSi mamakacis yurebac ki ekrZalebodaT. yureba,

mzera statusuri kategoriaa. yureba da Sexeba socialuri privilegiaa ufrosisa

umcrosis mimarT. qali ki, yovelTvis, an TiTqmis yovelTvis `umcrosebSi~ gadioda.

kacs SeeZ-lo eyurebina, damtkbariyo, Sexeboda, (kidev ufro metic eqna) da gamoesaxa

qali. piriqiT SeuZlebeli iyo. qal mxatvrebs ukanasknel dromde ekrZalebodaT

mamakacis sxeulis gamosaxva. XIX saukunis safrangeTSi qalebi ar daiSvebodnen

samxatvro akademiaSi. mize-zad mohyavdaT an maTi uunaroba ziarebodnen maRal

xelov-nebas, an uwesoba, an kidev ufro sasacilo argumenti - maTi repro-duqciuli

unarebis daqveiTeba. yvelaze xSirad ki gaigonebdiT, rom wesieri qali ar unda

uyurebdes SiSvel mamakacs.

sinamdvileSi zrunavdnen ara imde-nad qalis umankoebaze, ramdenadac mamakaci -

naturis mdgomareobaze, romelic qalis mzeris qveS ususuri xdeboda. aseTive

situa-cia iyo anatomiis gakveTilebTan dakavSirebiT.

mamakacis sxeulis etalonebs isev mamakaci qmnida. principi igive iyo: mamakci

maqsimalirad ar unda hgavdes qals. imis SiSi, rom ar gamoiyurebodes qalurad

kargad aisaxeba mamakacis silamazis kriteri-umebSic. `namdvili mamakaci~ odnav

uxeSia, is ar zrunavs imaze, rom Tavi moawonos sxvas. lamazi mamakacis mamakacuroba

eWvs iwvevs. zogierTi avtori saerTod erideboda mamakacis silamazeze saubars.

inglisur enaSi mamakacis da qalis silamaze da mimzidveloba sxvadasxva sityviT

gamoixateba. Tu mamakacis dasaxasiaTeblad gamoiyenebT sityva “Beautiful”-s, es orazrovnad da Seuracmyofeladac ki gaiJRers.

rogorc vTqviT, mamakacis sxeuli mama-kacebis mzeriTve igeboda, romelic Tavisi

bunebiT konkurentuli da araerotulia. xSirad mamakacis sxeuli etalonebi aramim-

zidveli, da SemaSinebelic kia. magram miuxe-davad imisa, rom mravali saukunis

ganmav-lobaSi inergeboda kunTebdaberili monstris ideali, kvlevebi uCvenebs, rom

realuri qali lamaz, mgrZnobiare, mzrunvel Tavis msgavss da TavisTvis gasageb

mamakacs aniWebs upiratesobas.

davubrundeT qalis sxeuls. rogorc avRniSneT, igi mamakacis mzerisa da survili-

samebr yalibdeboda. magram XX saukunem moitana axali perspeqtiva qalis sxeulis

xedvaSi. qalTa uflebebis gafarToebam, qalis sazogadoebrivi funqciebis Secvlam,

sxvadasxva politikurma da ekonomikurma koliziebma qalis sxeuli gamoanTavisufla

mamakacTa azris erTpirovnuli diqtatisgan. mas gauCnda iluzia, rom misi sxeuli

masve ekuTvnis. qalma mimarTa TviT-refleqsias da mraval crurwmenebs farda axada.

man aRmoaCina, rom misi sxeuli sakmaod moxerx-ebulia da moZravi, is Tvisebebi,

romlebic miewereboda mas da bunebrivad miiCneoda, genderuli stereotipebi

aRmoCnda. samoci-anma wlebma, romlebic Tavisuflebisa da TviTgamoxatvis

TvlsazrisiT uprecendentoa, moitana sxeulis axali koncefcia. grZel-fexa,

viwromenjiani, mxargaSlili, navar-jiSebi da mzedakruli qalis sxeuli iseTive

norma gaxda, rogorc misi sruliad sawina-aRmdego ramdenime aTwleulis win. qalis

sxeuli marTlac miuaxlovda `oqros eta-lons~ - mamakacis sxeuls.

aRmoCnda, rom gansxvaveba qalisa da kacis sxeulebs Soris xelovnurad iyo

utrirebuli. es utrireba simbolur funq-cias asrulebda, emsaxureboda mamakacTa

azris batonobas da misi upiratesobis Cvenebas. cvlilebebis oponentebi miiCneven,

rom qalis sxeulma dakarga `qaluroba~, igi ise kargad veRar Seasrulebs Tavis

`ZiriTad daniSnulebas~ - reproduqciis funqcias. esec erT-erTi gavrcelebuli

miTia. miuxedavad opo-nentebis SeSfoTebisa, `axali qali~ iseve warmatebulia repro-

duqciis unarSi da ufro gamZlec. ubralod xdeba is, rom qals surs TviTon

ganagos Tavisi sxeuli da Sesabamisad misi erT-erTi funqcia reproduqcia, saboloo

perspeq-tivaSi qali Tvlis, rom misi sxeuliT mra-valsaukunovan manipulacias bolo

unda moeRos. hyavdes Tu ara bavSvi da rodis - es aRar SeiZleba iyos mamakacebis

sajaro ganxilvis sagani an religiuri Tu tradici-uli tabuebis obieqti. aseve ar

SeiZleba qalis sxeuli gaxdes vaWrobis, seqsualuri eqspluataciis, masobrivi

informaciis saSua-lebebis tiraJis gazrdis an nebismierad gagebuli moxmarebis

sagani.

samwuxarod, dRevandeli masobrivi informaciis saSualebebi, gansakuTrebiT reklama

da moda qalis sxeuls axal kaba-laSi agdebs. es industriebi tradiciulad

mamakacTa xelSia. mamakaci kvlav qmnis qalis sxeulis etalonebs bazris moTxovnebis

Sesabamisad. dRes mas sxva niSnebi aqvs. dRes igi moqnilia da mzedakruli, maRali da

wvrili, margam kvlav obieqti da kvlav konstruirebuli. qalis sxeuli ver eRirsa

TavisTavadobas. es jer mxolod mamakace-bisaTvis dasaSvebi fufunebaa.

Tvalsazrisebi

moamzada naTia verulaSvilma

migel darsi de olivera

“CIVITUS” aRmasrulebeli komitetis Tavmjdomare, aSS.

• ras niSnavs samoqalaqo sazogadoeba?

samoqalaqo sazogadoeba xSirad ixsenieba rogorc “mesame seqtori”. saxelmwifos

samoqalaqo saqmianobisagan gansxvavdebiT, is nebayoflobiTia. demokratiul

sazogadoebaSi misi daniSnulebaa uzrunvelyos kavSiri saxelmwifosa da moqalaqeebs

Soris.

moqalaqeebi, romlebic sxvadasxva kulturuli jgufis wevrebi arian, ikribebian,

erTiandebian da TanamSromloben imisaTvis, rom ganxorcieldes da miRweuli iqnas

bednierebis ZiebisaTvis samarTliani da Tavisufali pirobebi.

• ra saxis struqturebisagan Sedgeba samoqalaqo sazogadoeba?

samoqalaqo sazogadoeba Sedgeba yvela tipis nebayoflobiTi kavSirebisagan. esenia:

eklesiebi, samezoblo organizaciebi, kOoperativebi, gaerTianebebi, partiebi, interes-

jgufebi, socialuri moZraobebi, saqvelmoqmedo dawesebulebebi da ojaxebi.

• ra kavSiria saxalxo politikasa daa samoqalaqo sazogadoebas Soris?

saxalxo politika ufro mets niSnavs, vidre kanonis morCileba, arCevnebSi

monawileobis miReba da gadasaxadebis gadaxda. samoqalaqo politikas qmnian aqtiuri

moqalaqeebi, romlebic moqmedeben, raTa moipovon meti kontroli sakuTar momavalze;

anu rodesac moqalaqeebi muSaoben erTad sazogadoebrivi mdgomareobis

gasaumjobeleblad. sazogadoeba ar aris uzenaesobis xma, aramed igia realuri da

saWiro politikuri Zala.

xalxi, romelic monawileobs saxalxo politikaSi, sistemebs cvlis. es cvlileba

piradi iniciativis gaaqtiurebiT miiRweva da politikis SezRudviT. moqalaqeebis

mier politikis SezRudava niSnavs, rom isini kontrols uweven mTavrobis mier

gatarebuli politikis efeqturobas da aqtiurad erTvebian politikur procesebSi.

Tuki erT pirovnebas SeuZlia Secvalos sistemis muSaoba, xalxi valdebulia

imoqmedos, raTa ar moeqces gavlenis qveS.

* * *

tomas brijis

filosofiis mecnierebaTa profesori, minstkerisis saxelmwifo universiteti, aSS.

• ra roli aqvs ojaxs samoqalaqo kulturaSi?

samoqalaqo kultura aris urTierTSemavsebeli cneba; is Sedgeba sxvadasxva

kulturebisagan. masSi monawileoben moqalaqeebi romlebsac ukve Camoyalibebuli

aqvT msofmxedveloba da miznebi. sazogadoebis, garemos moraluri standartebi,

romelsac isini ekuTvnian da romelSic cxovroben. sazogadoebis moraluri

idealebis gavlena pirovnebaze iwyeba dabadebisTanave, ojaxur garemoSi. ar unda

dagvaviwydes, rom ojaxi garkveuli eTnosis, klasis an religiuri jgufis nawilia.

swored ojaxur garemoSi SeZenili Rirebulebebi gansazRvravs pirovnebis

Camoyalibebis process, miznebsa da msoflmxedvelobas.

imisaTvis rom pirovneba gaxdes samoqalaqo kulturis srulyofili wevri,

aucilebelia iswavlos pativiscema sxvaTa mimarT. es miSnavs, rom moqalaqeebi unda

aRiqvamdnen erTmaneTs Tavisufal da Tanaswor pirovnebebad, individebad. maT Soris

ar unda arsebobdes erovnuli, religiuri an sxva saxis stereotipebi. samoqalaqo

kulturaSi monawile moqalaqeebi unda Seadgendnen erT mTlianobas. am

daunawevrebel mTlianobad Camoyalibiba xdeba mxolod samoqalaqo sazogadoebis

Seqmnis procesis gavlis Semdeg. samoqalaqo gardaqmna aris pirovnuli miswrafebebisa

da TviTSegnebis gardaqmna.

erToblivi muSaobis dros, nebismier pirovnebas unda SeeZlos droebiT gverdze

gadados misi stereotipebi, tradiciebi da msoflmxedveloba. igi unda moergos im

jgufur, sazogadoebriv morals visTanac muSaobs da pativi sces TiToeuli

minawilis erovnul TviTSegnebas da tradiciebs, romelic ase gansxvavdeba

erTmaneTisgan.

* * *

randa slim

saerTaSoriso samoqasaqo sazogadoebis pregramebis direqtori, “Kettering Foundation”, aSS.

• ra kavSiria samoqalaqo sazogadoebasa da demokratias Soris?

dRes Zalian mniSvnelovania moqalaqeebis gaaqtiureba. es demokratiis ara marto

gadarCenis, aramed misi efeqturobis garantiac iqneba. xalxi ukve acnobierebs, rom

marto demokratiuli politikuri wyobileba sakmarisi ar aris demokratiuli

saxogadoebis Camosayalibeblad. aseTi saxogadoebis aSenebisaTvis saWiroa

pasuxilmgenelobiT savse, aqtiuri moqalaqeebi. amis gareSe, msoflioSi ukve

miRweuli socialuri, politikuri da ekonomikuri reformebi didi xani ver

iarsebebs.

• romel politikur procesebSi unda Caerios moqalaqe?

moqalaqeTa aqtiuroba axla ufro saWiroa vidre odesme. xelisufleba ukve veRar

SeZlebs moqalaqeebTan hqondes `patron - qveSevrdomuli~ damokidebuleba.

moqalaqeebma Tavad unda imoqmedon sazogadoebrivi interesebis dasacavad.

informaciuli revolucia da teqnolgiuri miRwevebi swrafad gadagvaqcevs

globalur saxelmwifod, sadac moqalaqeebi Tavs veRar gaimarTleben imiT, rom es

konkretuli sakiTxi maT ar exebaT da amitom ar erevian politikur procesSi. isini

valdebulni arian yvela sakiTxi gaiTavison da mis gadawyvetaSi monawileoba miiRon.

• ras niSnavs saTaTbiro meTodi samoqalaqo sazogadoebaSi?

es meTodi farTod gamoiyeneba amerikaSi. yovel wels aTasobiT moqalaqe ikribeba

adgilobriv sazogadoebebSi, sam an oTx sakiTxze saTaTbirod, romelic erovnuli

mniSvnelobisaa. monawileebi saubroben saxalxo politikis sakiTxebze specialistis

daxmarebiT. aseTi `saTaTbiro meTodis” SemoRebaSi didi wvlili miuZRvis

“Kettering Foundation”-s, romelic aris amerikis erT-erTi wamyvani kvleviTi

instituti samoqalaqo organizaciebis treningis sferoSi. instituti xels uwyobs

“saTaTbiro meTodis” ganviTarebas. maT miaCniaT rom es saSualebas aZlevs

moqalaqeebs imoqmedon, iTanamSromlon erTad, ara rogorc calkeulma pirovnebebma,

aramed rogorc erTianma sazogadoebam.

* * *

sara melendez

arakomerciuli organizaciebis, fondebisA da korporaciebis

erovnuli gaerTianeba “INDEPENDENT SECTOR”- is prezidenti.

• ra roli aqvs arakomerciul seqtors samoqalaqo sazogadoebaSi?

arakomerciuli seqtoris cdilobs xalxs daexmaros sxvada sxva sferoSi. maTi

daxmareba mravalmxrivia; es SeiZleba iyos rogorc socialuri uflebebis dacva,

aseve axalgazrdaTa aRzrdis procesSi monawileoba an garemos damcavi RonisZiebebis

gatareba. arakomerciuli seqtori yuradrebas aqcevs xalxis gaWirvebas konkretulad

im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac xelisuflebas ar SeuZlia an ubralod ar cdilobs amaSi

monawileobis miRbas da mdgomareobis gamosworebas. es aris samoqalaqo

sazogadoebaSi maTi saqmianobis Sinaarsi.

rogor SeiZleba daicvas arakomerciulma seqtorma pirovneba?

am seqtorSi moqmedi organizaciebi ususur adamianebs sakuTari Zalebis rwmenis

sTanergva undaT,raTa gaaRviZon maTi piradi iniciativa da am gziT aqtiur

moqalaqeebad gardaqmnan. Sedegad es xalxi saxalxo politikaSi aqtiurad CareTveba

da Seqmnis gavlenian jgufs, romelTa moRvaweobac sazogadoebisaTvis sasargeblo

miznebs moemsaxureba.

• ra monawileobas iRebs arakomerciuli seqtori axalgazrdobis aRzrdaSi?

arakomerciuli seqtori dainteresebulia axalgazrdobis am seqtorSi CarTviT. es

ganpirobebulia imiT, rom am sferoSi moqmedi organizaciebis efeqturoba swored

milionobiT moxaliseTa erTobliv muSaobasa da TanamSromlobazea damokidebuli.

nebayoflobiT samoqalaqo iniciativas mozardebi ojaxSi euflebian, xolo

sazogadoebriv RonisZiebebSi mSoblebis monawileoba maTTvis magaliTia. a.S.S.-s

erovnuli gaerTianebis fondis “INDEPENDENT SECTOR”-is mier Catarebulma

gamokvlevam ori sainterelo faqti daadgina. 1. is mozardebi, romlebic adreuli

asakidanve ojaxis, skolis, riligiur an axalgazrduli jgufis saqmianobebSi

monawileoben, sxvebTan SedarebiT ufro srulyofil moqalaqeebad Camoyalibdebian.

isini zrdasrul asakSic gaagrZeleben sazogadoebriv saqmianobas. 2. axalgazrdebi,

romlebmac ojaxur garemoSi, mSoblebTan urTierTobis dros iswavles qvelmoqmedeba,

raimes aReba da gacema, maTi manawileobis survili da aqtiuroba monawileoba miiRon

moxaliseTa jgufebSi, aunazRaurebel sazogadoebriv saqmianobaSi ufro maRalia.

ukve ramodenime welia, rac a.S.S.-s mraval skolaSi moxaliseTa daxmarebis programa

xorcieldeba. programa gulisxmobs Semdegs: studentebi nebayoflobiT,

aunazRaureblad muSaoben sxvadasxva saxogadoebriv dawesebulebebSi (biblioTekea,

sabavSvo baRi, moxucTa saerTo sacsovrebeli da a.S.) da Semdeg ganmartaven, Tu ra

sasargeblo SeiZines maT am programidan.

am programis mizania warmatebuli da humanuri moqalaqeebis aRzrda. iseTi

pirovnebebis Camoyalibeba, romlebic cxovrebas ara marto bunebrivad miniWebul

uflebad ,aramed pasuxismgeblobadac aRiqvamen. amis Sedegi samoqalaqo sazogadoebisa

da demokratiis ganmtkiceba iqneba.

• ra damokidebulebaa arakomerciul seqtorsa da xelisuflebas Soris?

xelisufleba ar ereva arakomerciuli seqtoris saqmianobaSi da ar zRudavs mis

Tavisuflebas. xelisufleba ar gansazRvravs im sakiTxebsa da problemebs,

romlebzec es organizaciebi damoqalaqeebi muSaoben.is verc konkretuli sakiTxis

gadaWris variantebs SeimuSavebs. es Caurevloba da Tavisufleba organizaciebisaTviss

aucilebelia Tavisi saqmianobis nayofieri ganxorcielebisaTvis. sxva pirobebSi ver

moxerxdeba xalxis saTanado dacva da problemis gadaWra. dro da dro es

xelisuflebis kritikas da gavlenis gavrcelebas, Carevis mcdelobas iwvevs. sityvisa

da gaerTianebebis garantirebuli Tavisufleba, romelic adamianis uflebebis

nawilia, organizaciebs amgvari Carevis mcdelobisagan icavs da swored es uwyobs

xels arakomerciuli seqtoris mniSvnelovan miRwevebs mTeli msoflios masStabiT.

gamonaTqvamebi mSvidobisa da samarTlis Sesaxeb

“RmerTo, mohxede tanjulTa,

uSvele, Saiwyaleo!

kargi kargia mainca, -

beCavi Saiyvareo!

tanjulTa locva-mudara

guls vardad daiyareo!

Tu ar uSveli, sawylebis

sulebi miibareo!..

geyo magdeni muqara,

Rrubeli gadiyareo!”

vaJa-fSavela, “stumar-maspinZeli”

‘“Cveni ZiriTadi rwmena yovel-Tvis isa yofila da aris, rom eris warmateba,

qonebrivi Tu gonebrivi SesaZlebelia mxolod maSin, roca eri wodebaTa dau-

yofelad, didpataraobis gaurCevlad da gamouklebliv erTianis mecadineobiTa da

garjiT hcdilobs cxovrebis gza gaikvalos da burTi bedisa gaitanos wuTisoflis

moednidam yvelam erTad da sayovelTaod. cal-calke weva cxovrebis uRlisa, cal-

calke xvna da mka, cal-calke Tla lxinisa Tavisaken da Wirisa sxvisaken, marto

Tavi-sTavis xsovna da sxvisi daviwyeba momakv-dinebelia kacTa saurTierTo

cxovrebisa da saca eg urTierToba ar aris, iq arc igi krebulia, romelsac eri

hqvian.

tyuilad hfiqroben, viTomc kacTa urTierTobaSi SesaZlebeli iyos romelmame

wodebam calke bina gaikeTos, calke intere-sebi SemoiRobos, Semoifarglos da amiT

raime xeiri da sikeTe hnaxos sabolood. amisTAna wyoba da agebuleba sazogadoebisa,

Tu erisa didxans Tavs ver daiWers da, viTarca qviSaze agebuli saxli, pirvel

qaris Semobervazedve daifu-Seba. amisi magaliTi da sabuTi istoriaSi erTi da ori

ar aris. qveyanazed marto im ers gauZlia, marto im ers gamoutania Tavi aTas gvar

gansac-delisgan, marto im ers warumatnia da gaZlierebula, romelsac Tavis

drozed Seutyvia da miugnia, rom erTis romelsame wode-bis win waweva arafris

maqnisia, Tu danarCeni eric win ar waweula, piriqiT, erTis wodebis win waweva

danarCenis ukan daweva mohyolia.”

ilia WavWavaZe, “wodebaTa Tanasworoba”

araZaladobis fici

“ar aris sakmarisi mxolod cocxali arsebis sicocxlis warTmevaze uaris Tqma. is

vinc araZaladobas Sehficebs, valdebulia rom ar moklas isinic ki, vizec igi

fiqrobs rom ar arian samarTlianni; igi ar unda iyos gabrazebuli maTze, mas unda

uyvardes isini; maSasadame, is yovelTvis Seewina-aRmdegeba mSoblebis, mTavrobebis an

sxvaTa tiranias, magram arasdros moklavs an miayenebs tkivils tirans.

araZaladobisa da simarTlis mimdevari gamoiyenebs satiagrahas tiraniis winaaRmdeg

da tirans mougebs brZo-las siyvaruliT; is ar dahyveba tiranis nebas da miiRebs

das-jas Tundac sikvdilis saxiT tiranisadmi daumorCileblobisaTvis. es

gagrZeldeba manam, sanam is ar gaimarjvebs tiranze”

mahaTma gandi, “satiagrahaSramas wesebi”

“namdvili mSvidoba - es ara ubra-lod daZabulobis arqonaa, namdvili mSvidoba - es

mSvidobaa, sadac samarTlianoba da Zmoba mefobs”.

marTin luTer king juniori

“angelozs eWira grZeli pergamenti,

mwuxare TvalebiT miwas dahyurebda.

mSvidobiT, mSvidobiT! amaod dagende,

elvare saRamov almas sayureTa!

bageTa locvao, dideba da Zeglo,

uTuod maxseneb odesme.. odesme!

graalis koSkebi, lidiis samreklo

Sens fexrTqveS daimsxvra da glova momesma.

oh! rogor gafiTrda ciurTa Tanadi

ocneba, naxazi saganTa uariT,

Rrubeli feradi da alva tanadi,

romelsac aziis ciT gadauareT.

angelozs eWira grZeli pergamenti

da foTlebs isroda sifiTre baraTis.

amaod dagende, da Cven erTmaneTi

amaod gvindoda! mSvidobiT maradis!”

galaktion tabiZe

“mSvidoba ar gulisxmobs omis ararse-bobas, aramed is aris siqvele, adamianis

arsebis iseTi mdgomareoba, romelic ganwyobilia xelgaSlilobis, darwmunebisa da

samarTlisaken”.

barux spinoza

“problemebis gadaWris procesebi da konfliqtebis provenciis politika aris is

elementi, romelic aklia Cvens mier naxseneb araadekvatur da krizisSi myof,

Cavardnil sistemebs.

aseTi problemebis gadaWra yvela ideologiur koncefciaze zemoT dgas. is arc

“memarjvenea” da arc “memarcxene”. is miesadageba nebismier sistemas, da es aris is

procesi da filosofia, romelic yvela sistemas aerTianebs”

jon bartoni

“ swored sicocxlis dacvisTvisaa, rom Cvens moqalaqeebs jarSi viwvevT. Cveni

moqalaqeebis sicocxlis dacvisaTvis Cven vxarjavT udides saxsrebs TviTmfrinavebsa

da tankebSi, da agreTve sxva tipis iaraRebSi. da miuxedavad am udidesi

danaxarjebisa, Cven mainc ver vaxerxebT Cveni moqalaqeebisa da jariskacebis

sicocxlis dacvas. mTels msoflioSi mofenili samxedro sasaflaoebi usityvo

mtkicebaa adamianis sicocxlis dacvis saqmeSi erovnul liderTa sruli

ususurobisa.

adamianis si-cocxlis ganwmendis mxolod erTi radi-kaluri gza arse-bobs. es

radika-luri gza aris nam-dvili mSvidoba.”

icxak rabini

“Zireuli moTxovnilebebi gvexmareba imaSi rom vupasuxoT im kiTxvas Tu ratom aris

konfliqtebi aseTi rTuli da ase gagr-Zelebuli, aseTi Zireuli da aseTi Seuvali.

pasuxi metad martivia: radganac es moTxov-nilebebi bevrad ufro Zireulia, vidre

Ziri-Tadi miznebi, Rirebulebebi da interesebi”.

iohan galtungi

vinc axSobs mSvidobian revolucias, gzas uxsnis Zalmomreobas.

jon ficjerald kenedi

“mxolod erTi ramis Tqma minda: mieciT mSvidobas Sansi”

jon uinston lenoni

demokratia Tu konstituciuri liberalizmi

rusudan mSvidobaZe

dasrulda XX saukune. adamianebi cdiloben gasuli aswleulis mniSvnelovani

movlenebi Seafason. movlenebi, romlebmac progresuli roli iTamaSa kacobriobis

ganviTarebis istoriaSi. CamonaTvali, albaT, sazogadoebis mier ganvlil gzasaviT

grZeli iqneba. sxva movlenebs Soris am siaSi erT-erTi wamyvani adgili demokratiis

aRzeveba-sac ekuTvnis.

demokratiuli mmarTvelobis formeb-ze dRes bevrs kamaToben. Cven gvinda

warmogidgonoT ori Tvalsazrisi, romlebmac am bolo dros Tavi iCina da Cveni

azriT, demokratiis axlebur gaazrebas warmoadgens. es Tvalsazrisebi ekuTvnis

nobelis premiis laureats amartia sensa da politolog farid zaqarias.

demokratiis idea, ra Tqma unda, Zvel saberZneTSi Caisaxa, magram misi, rogorc

mmarTvelobis sistemis saboloo Camoyali-bebaze, mravalma faqtorma iqonia gavlena:

`magna qartam~, safrangeTisa da amerikis revoluciebma, me-19 saukuneSi saarCevno

uflebebis gafarToebam. magram mxolod XX saukuneSi moxda demokratiis

sayovelTaod miRebul, mmarTvelobis `normalur” formad gadaqceva.

sayovelTao arCevnebic mxolod XX saukuneSi gaxda SesaZlebeli. marTlac,

`sayovelTao” monawileoba yvelam miiRo: qalmac da kacmac.

swored XX saukuneSi daibada demokratiis momavlis universaluri faseulobis idea,

rac amartia senis azriT, demokratiisaTvis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanes cnebas

warmoadgens. raSi mdgomareobs es idea?

XIX saukuneSi Cveulebrivi movlena iyo msjeloba imaze, Tu ramdenad mzad aris esa

Tu is qveyana demokratiuli wyobis gasaTaviseblad. XX saukunem TviT sakiTxis ase

dasmis siswore eWvqveS daayena. qveyanas demokratiis misaRebad mzadyofna ar

moeTxoveba. demokratiul wyobas Tavad moaqvs qveynisaTvis dadebiTi Sedegebi. amis

gacnobiereba Zalze mniSvnelovani iyo demokratiis universalur Rirebulebad

cnobisTvis. Tumca jer kidev bevri winaaRmdegoba darCa gadasalaxi.

ras eyrdnoba is, vinc demokratiuli sistemis universalobis ideas ewinaaRmdegeba?

pirvel rigSi sakmaod gavrcelebul Sexedulebas, rom arademokratiuli sistemebi

ufro efeqturia ekonomikis ganviTarebisaTvis. Tumca, avtoris azriT, arc zogadi

statistikuri suraTi iZleva amis safuZvels da arc aranairi sistemuri empiriuli

Seswavla ar mianiSnebs imaze, rom arsebobs Zireuli ganxeTqileba politikuri

uflebebis dacvasa da ekonomikur warmatebebs Soris. piriqiT, is `xelSemwyobi

Ronis-Ziebebi”, romlebic qveynis ekonomikur zrdas ganapirobeben, swored

demokratiuli marTvelobisaTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli. es pirobebia: konkurencia,

saerTaSoriso bazarze gasvla, saxelmwifos mier investi-rebebisa da eqsportis

stimulireba, miwis reforma, ganaTlebis maRali done.

ekonomikuri da socialuri katas-trofebis Tavidan acileba swored demokra-tiuli

mmarTvelobis dros aris SesaZle-beli, radganac igi xalxs sityvisa da informaciis

Tavisuflebis dacvis pirobebSi saSualebas aZlevs sazogadoebis yuradReba

umniSvnelovanes sakiTxebze gaamaxvilos da moiTxovos Sesabamisi zomebis miReba.

kidev erTi sabuTi, romelic demokra-tiis, rogorc universaluri Rirebulebis

winaaRmdegaa mimarTuli, aris `kulturaTa gansxvavebulobis” argumenti. aq yvelaze

cnobilia Tezisi “aziur faseulobaTa” Sesaxeb. amtkiceben, rom azielebi tradici-

ulad ufro met pativs scemen wesrigsa da disciplinas, vidre politikur uflebebs

da pirovnebis Tavisuflebas. am mosazrebas mxars uWers is Tezisic, rom TiTqos

`dasavleTis ZiriTadi maxasiaTebeli, rac mas sxva civilizaciebisagan ganasxvavebs,

qronologiurad win uZRvoda dasavleTis modernizaciis process” da am

maxasiaTeblad demokratiuli mmarTvelobaa miCneuli.

`kulturaTa gansxvavebulobis” argu-menti ar gamodgeba demokratiul Rirebu-lebaTa

universalur faseulobad gamocxa-debis sawinaaRmdego sabuTad, Tundac imitom, rom

demokratiuli mmarTvelobis is praq-tika, rac dResdReobiT Tanamedrove dasav-

leTSia gabatonebuli, ZiriTadad, ganmanaT-leblobis epoqisa da industriuli

revolu-ciis Sedegad miRebul konsensuss eyrdnoba da man faqtiurad XX saukuneSi

iCina Tavi.

demokratiis universaluri faseuloba mis mravalfunqciurobaSic vlindeba. adamianTa

cxovrebaze demokratiis dadebiTi zemoqmedebis sami aspeqti SeiZleba gamovyoT:

• politikuri Tavisufleba, rac zogadad adamianis Tavisuflebis uSualo

Semadgeneli nawilia. politikuri da samoqa-laqo uflebebis gamoyeneba pirdapir

kavSir-Sia pirovnebis, rogorc socialuri arsebis, keTildReobasTan. amgvar

Tanamonawileobas politikur da samoqalaqo procesebSi TavisTavadi Rirebuleba

aqvs, radgan sazogadoebrivi cxovrebisagan Camocileba erTi umZimesi akrZalvaTagania

individu-misaTvis.

• gamoyenebiTi mniSvneloba. de-mokratiuli wyoba saSualebas aZlevs xalxs

gamoxatos da gaitanos kidec sakuTari moTxovnebi.

• konstruqciuli mniSvneloba. sakuTari Sexedulebebisa da moTxovnebis irgvliv

gamarTuli Tavisufali diskusia saSualebas aZlevs sazogadoebas sakuTari

faseulobani da miznebi Camoiyalibos.

* * *

Cven SevexeT im problemebs, rac amartia senis azriT, demokratiis universalur

Rirebulebaze pretenzias ukavSirdeba. es moicavs mis TavisTavad faseulobas

adamianTa arsebobisaTvis, mis gamoyenebiT rolsa da konstruqciul funqcias. es

yvelaferi ar aris regionaluri xasiaTis. aqedan gamom-dinare demokratias

alternativa ar gaaCnia.

marTlac demokratiis, rogorc saxelmwifoebrivi mowyobis saukeTeso formaze dRes

naklebad kamaToben. diskusiis sagani, rogorc zeviT aRvniSneT, aris xolme

demokratiuli mmarTvelobis formebi. kerZod, ras unda miekuTvnos upiratesoba:

konstituciur liberalizms Tu Cveulebriv demokratias?

swored meoris sasargeblod wyvets sakiTxs farid zaqaria, Tumca misive TqmiT,

gansxvavebis danaxva am or formas Soris Zneli aRmoCnda, radgan mTeli saukunis

ganmavlobaSi dasavleTSi demokratia liberaluri demokratiis sinonimi iyo. misi

maxasiaTebeli iyo ara marto Tavisufali da samarTliani arCevnebi, aramed kanonis

uzenaesoba, Zalauflebis dayofa, sityvisa da sarwmunoebis Tavisufleba da

sakuTrebis ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacva.

farid zaqarias azriT, demokratiis zemoT CamoTvlil maxasiaTebelTa nakrebs

konstituciuri liberalizmi SeiZleba vuwo-doT. Teoriulad da istoriulad igi

gansxvavdeba demokratiisagan. Tumca politi-kuri Tavisuflebisa Tu ekonomikuri

poli-tikis doqtrina SeiZleba emTxveodes demok-ratiis gamoCenas, magram ar aris

misgan ganuyofeli.

demokratiuli mmarTvelobebis nairsa-xeobaTa diferenciaciis aucilebloba

gansakuTrebiT gaizarda bolo wlebSi. ram gamoiwvia es?

dRes msoflioSi 193 qveynidan 118 demokratiulia. demokratiis universalur

faseulobad aRiarebis fonze es faqti sasixarulo unda iyos, magram TandaTan

matulobs demokratiis samomavlo ganviTa-rebasTan dakavSirebiT SeSfoTeba. avtoris

azriT, es gamoiwvia samxreT centralur evropaSi, aziaSi, afrikaSi da laTinur

amerikaSi swrafad gavrcelebulma mraval-partiuli arCevnebis Sedegebma.

sayovelTao demokratiuli arCevnebis Sedegad qveynis saTaveSi movidnen popula-ruli

liderebi, romlebic qveyanas marTaven saprezidento brZanebulebebiT da gverds

uvlian parlaments. irRveva xelisuflebis gadanawilebis principi. ra Tqma unda,

araliberalur demokratiebs Sorisac gansxvavebaTa didi speqtria, magram erTi ram

utyuaria: sayovelTao da samarTliani arCevnebi, rac demokrtiis mTavar princips

Seadgens, aucilebeli, magram arasakmarisia qveyanaSi demokratiis dasamyareblad. Tu

minimalistur gansazRvrebas gavcdebiT da qveyanas demokratiuls mxolod maSin

vuwodebT, Tu is socialuri, politikuri da religiuri uflebebis sayovelTao

dacvas uzrunvelyofs, maSin saqme gveqneba liberalur demokra-tiasTan da swored

demokra-tiis es forma aris rigi politologebisaTvis yvelaze misaRebi.

konstituciuri liberalizmi ukavSirdeba ara imdenad mTavrobis arCevas, ramdenadac

mis miznebs. aseTi sistema iZulebisagan pirovnebis damoukideblobisa da Rirsebis

dacvas cdilobs. mniSvneloba ara aqvs visgan modis es iZuleba - saxelmwifosgan,

eklesiasa Tu sazoga-doebisgan. konstituciuri liberalizmi Tavis TavSi aerTianebs

individualur Tavisuflebasa da kanonis uzenaesobas, rac Tavisufal da sayovelTao

arCevnebTan erTad liberalur demokratias afuZnebs.

is, vinc liberalizms demokratiuli mmarTvelobisaTvis wamyvan principad miiCnevs,

Tvlis, rom liberaluri demokratia mWidro kavSirSia ara marto konstituciur

libera-lizmTan, aramed liberalur avtokrati-asTanac ki. amis magaliTia yofili

avstro-ungreTis imperia, romelic liberaluri demokratiis klasikur models

warmoad-genda.

demokratiulad arCeul mTavrobebs aqvT tendencia warmoidginon, rom maT

absoluturi Zalaufleba ekuTvniT. aman ki SeiZleba Zalauflebis centralizacia

gamoiwvios. es rom ar moxdes unda arse-bobdes alternatiuli centrebi da kanonis

uzenaesoba sayovelTaod unda iyos aRiare-buli. adamianebs aqvT bunebrivi da ganuyo-

feli uflebebi da mTavrobebma unda miiRon ZiriTadi kanoni, romelic sazRvravs maT

Zalauflebas da sxvaTa uflebebs icavs. `dasavluri sistemis” saukeTeso simbolo

aris ara saxalxo plebisciti, aramed miukerZoebeli mosamarTle.

rogorc vxedavT, gamoikveTa ori pozicia. erT-erTis mixedviT demokratia, im saxiT

rogoriTac igi umravles qveyanaSi arsebobs universaluri faseulobaa da mas

qveynebis ganviTarebisaTvis mxolod dadebiTi Sedegebi mosdevs da meore -

demokratia konstituciuri liberalizmis gareSe, orien-tirebulia mxolod

Tavisufal da samarT-lian arCevnebze, zianis momtanic ki SeiZleba gaxdes.

sakiTxi dasmulia da am Temis gar-Semo diskusiis gamarTva mkiTxvelis pre-rogativaa.

qarTuli sazogadoeba dRes: adaptaciuri krizisi

gaga niJaraZe

Tanamedrove kros-kulturul fsiqo-logiaSi kulturebis erT-erT ZiriTad

maxasiaTeblad iTvleba individualizmi – koleqtivizmi (Hofstede, 1980). individua-

listur kulturebSi sazogadoebis ZiriTadi erTeulia individi. socialuri

cxovrebis mTavari regulatoria abstraqtuli norma (kanoni, religiuri mcneba da

misT.); Tanas-worobisa da individualuri Tavisuflebis xarisxi metia.

individualizmis indeqsi yvelaze maRalia anglo-saqsur, Crdilo evropul

kulturebSi, odnav naklebi – sxva evropul kulturebSi.

koleqtivistur kulturebSi sazoga-doebis ZiriTadi erTeulia jgufi, didi (eri,

‘xalxi~, religiuri erToba da misT., anu iseTi jgufebi, romelTa wevrebic ar

icnoben erTmaneTs piradad) an mcire (gafarToebuli ojaxi, sanaTesao, samegobro,

samezoblo da a.S., anu jgufebi, romelTa wevrebic erTmaneTs piradad icnoben).

jgufis interesebi prevalirebs individualurze; individi ricxviT naklebi

socialuri jgufis wevria, magram maT mimarT meti valdebuleba aqvs; jgufis

wevrobidan gamomdinare valdebulebebis pirnaTlad Sesrulebis SemTxvevaSi jgufi

icavs Tavis wevrs da zrunavs masze. socialuri cxov-rebis regulatoria jgufSi

arsebuli nor-mebi, zogjer ki avtoritaruli pirovnebis neba. did jgufebze

orientirebuli koleq-tivisturi kulturis magaliTia ruseTi, xolo mcireze –

saqarTvelo.

saqarTveloSi mcire jgufi ara marto ZiriTadi, aramed TviTkmari erTeulia. sxva

sityvebiT, mcire jgufis farglebSi SesaZle-belia ZiriTadi socialuri

moTxovnilebebis dakmayofileba (urTierToba, Zalaufleba, prestiJi da sxv.).

sazogadoebis yoveli wevris atribucia xdeba im mcire jgufebis (Tanamedrove

terminologiiT, in-jgufebis) mixedviT, romelTa wevricaa igi (amis nacnobi, imis

mezobeli da misT.). is in-jgufebi, romlebSic Sedis saSualo qarTveli,

praqtikulad sruli SemadgenlobiT ikribe-bian Tavisi wevris panaSvidze, yvelaze

axlob-lebi an pativcemulni ki – qelexze. qarTu-li panaSvidi rogorc rituali

pirvel rig-Si emsaxureba in-jgufis sididis, siZlieris, gavlenianobis

demonstracias da am jgufis SekavSirebas.

qarTuli in-jgufi, rogorc qalaqad, ise soflad, SeiZleba Sevadarod sofels,

sadac yvela yvelas icnobs, enaTesaveba erTmaneTs, met-naklebad xSiri urTierToba

aqvs erTmaneTTan, icis soflis normebi da tradiciebi (‘soflis~ qalaquri

Sesatyvisia ubani). sasicocxlo interesebi principSi ‘sofliT~ Semoifargleba,

Tumca, ra Tqma unda, sxva ‘soflebic~ arseboben. Cveni ‘sofleli~, romelic sxvagan

wavida da iq gaiTqva saxeli, anda ‘sofleli~, romelic aqaurobas gareTacaa

cnobili, pirvel rigSi mocemuli soflis ‘saxea~, mis prestiJs emsaxureba sxva

‘soflebTan~ mimarTebaSi.

qarTuli sociumis amgvari struq-tura gansazRvravs horizontis siviwroves

rogorc sivrceSi, ise droSi. sivrce Ziri-Tadad Semoifargleba ‘sofliT~, dro ki

warsuliT, awmyoTi, magram ara momavliT. qarTuli kulturis “qceviTi sivrce~

awmyo-zea orientirebuli. grZelvadiani dagegma-reba, Sors gaTvlili strategia

qarTuli kulturisaTvis ucxoa rogorc individua-lur da in-jgufis, ise

saxelmwifos marTvis donezec (sagulisxmoa, rom saqarTvelos xelisuflebas ar

miuRia arc erTi programa, romelic ramdenime aTwleulze yofiliyo gaTvlili;

magram romc mieRo, saeWvoa, rom igi Sesrulebuliyos).

rac Seexeba warsuls, esaa erT-erTi im RirebulebaTani, romelic saerTo qarTuli

identifikaciis mniSvnelovani Semadgeneli nawilia, Tumca yoeldRiur qcevaze did

gavlenas ar axdens. daviT aRmaSeneblisa da, gansakuTrebiT, Tamaris epoqa erovnuli

Rirsebis, TviTSefasebis dasayrdens Seadgens. amave dros, miTologi-zebuli warsuli

dideba kompensatorul rols TamaSobda da TamaSobs erovnuli arasrulfasovnebis

kompleqsisagan Tavis dasacavad: am kompleqsis safuZveli ki rusul da sabWoTa

imperiis SemadgenlobaSi yofnisas iyo daqvemdebarebuli statusi, xolo axla - Rrma

socialur-ekonomikuri krizisi.

yoveli cocxali kultura met-nakle-bad Seguebulia masze moqmed politikur,

ekonomikur, ekologiur da sxva faqtorebTan. rodesac am faqtorebis moqmedeba

icvleba, kulturam unda moaxerxos am cvlilebebze adeqvaturi “pasuxis~

gamomuSaveba. Tu es ar moxerxda, kultura knindeba da SeiZleba gadagvardes an

moispos kidec.

qarTuli kulturis aRwerili Tavise-burebebic adaptaciur “pasuxebs~ warmoad-genen,

amasTan, arcTu urigo pasuxebs: Cvenma xalxma SeZlo saukuneebis manZilze Seenar-

Cunebina ena, TviTmyofadoba, religia, kultu-ruli da sulieri faseulobebi.

qarTuli kulturuli modeli gansa-kuTrebiT warmatebuli aRmoCnda post-

stalinuri sabWoTa reJimis pirobebSi. am epoqaSi Zalauflebis mwvervalze

uSiSroebis organoebi Secvala partiulma nomenkla-turam, romelic, amis safasurad

iZulebuli gaxda garkveuli liberalizacia daeSva1 . sistemam xelSeuxeblad da

tabuirebulad datova ideologia da politika, samagierod araformalurad dauSva

kanoniT akrZaluli ekonomikuri saqmianoba. saxelmwifom moqa-laqeebTan TiTqos dado

dauwereli xelSek-ruleba, romlis mixedviTac moqalaqes eZle-oda, garkveul

farglebSi, aralegaluri ekonomikuri saqmianobis warmarTvis saSua-leba (magram

rasakvirvelia, ara ufleba), xolo politika da ideologia saxelmwifos

monopolur mflobelobaSi rCeboda.

Cemis azriT, TamaSis axali wesebi yve-laze adre saqarTveloSi SeiTvises. swored

60-iani wlebidan ruseTSi Cndeba qarTvelis stereotipi – spekulanti, mdidari,

mflan-gveli, romelic arasabWoTa (Tumca ara antisabWoTa) normebiT cxovrobs.

ruseTSi ar uyvarT, rodesac vinme ar erideba sim-didris demonstrirebas;

qarTvelisaTvis ki fuli sworedac rom misi patronis xelgaS-lilobisa da

socialuri warmatebis warmo-Cenis saSualebaa2 . aRniSnuli stereotipis gaCena iyo

rusuli kulturis pasuxi misi erT-erTi bazuri Rirebulebis “xelyofaze~,

Rirebulebisa, romelic istorikosma iako-venkom ase Camoayaliba: yvela Tanabrad

Raribi unda iyos iakovenkos azriT, oqtombris gadatrialeba am Rirebulebis ngrevis

safrT-xem gansazRvra.

“arasabWoTa normebis~ mimarTebaSi ru-suli koleqtiuri cnobiereba marTali iyo:

stalinis Semdeg saqarTveloSi moxda praqti-kulad sruli gaucxoeba komunisturi

Rire-bulebebisagan; socializmi saqarTveloSi uyvardaT mxolod imdenad, ramdenadac

igi Tanamemamulis, ‘xalxTa mamis~ pirmSo iyo. sabWoTa “panTeonidan~ stalinis

gamoZevebam da misma dadanaSaulebam ki sabWoTa Rirebu-lebebs Zala daukarga; isini

gadaiqcnen futuro kerpebad, romlebic ritualur Tayvaniscemas saWiroebdnen, magram

maTi rwmena gaqra.

axalgazrdobaSi am dros gaCenili ‘moraluri vakuumi~ Seivso kriminaluri

subkulturis nasesxebi normebiTa da “gage-biT~ (sagulisxmoa, rom 70-iani wlebis

bolos warmoqmnili analogiuri “vakuumi~ rusul axalgazrdobaSi Seivso armiuli

moraliT).

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom 60-80 wlebi erT-erTi yvelaze udardeli periodi iyo

saqarTvelos istoriaSi. sistemam Seqmna iseTi pirobebi, rodesac maRali socialuri

sta-tusisa da sabWoTa kvalobaze seriozuli simdidris mopoveba SesaZlebeli gaxda,

Tu SeiZleba iTqvas, adeqvaturi Zalisxmevis gareSe (ganaTlebis done,

profesionalizmi, gaweuli Sroma). Tu stalinis periodSi erTaderTi, Tanac

arasakmarisi, piroba araTu karierisaTvis, aramed TviT sicocxlis SesanarCuneblad,

iyo reJimisadmi aqtiurad gamoxatuli loialoba, Secvlil pirobebSi gaCnda axali

“konvertirebadi~ Rirebulebebi: fuli, Tanamdeboba, gavleniani nacnoboba. gamoikveTa

karieris keTebis sami gza. pirveli iyo nomenklaturuli; nomenklaturis sistemaSi

moxvedriT gvardeboda materia-luri resursebis miReba da ixsneboda gza am

resursebis gasanawileblad, rac noyier niadags qmnida korufciisaTvis. meore gza

iyo Crdilovani ekonomika – gamdidreba saxelmwifosa da Tanamoqalaqeebis xarjze.

Crdilovan ekonomikas araferi saerTo ar hqonda kapitalizmTan, vinaidan misTvis

ucxo iyo konkurencia; es iyo sabWoTa reJimis naSieri da mis gareSe perspeqtiva ar

aqvs. bolos, kidev erTi gza iyo “Savi~ - kriminalur samyaroSi avtoritetis

mopoveba, rac arcTu urigo socialur statuss niSnav-da; maRali rangis qurdi ukve

‘saqmeze~ aRar dadis, magram kargi Semosavali aqvs, romlis sakmao nawils Seaddgens

“mediaciuri samsa-xuri~ - konfliqturi situaciebis mogvareba “gagebis~ kanonebis

meSveobiT.

aRniSnuli sami sfero – nomenklatura, Crdilovani ekonomika da kriminaluri elita

– mWidrod iyvnen erTmaneTTan gadaxlarTu-li da, faqtobivad, erT sistemas qmnidnen.

es adaptaciuri sistema, ase vTqvaT, wamgebiani iyo: igi moixmarda imperiis

resursebs, qmnida ki Zalze cotas. amasTan, igi gamomuSavda damokidebuli qveynis

statusSi yofnis pirobebSi; es niSnavda, rom nebismieri qveynis winaSe mdgar

farTomasStabian problemebs (usafrTxoeba, socialuri dacva, momarageba da sxv.)

agvarebda, cudad Tu kargad, centri.

dRevandeli saqarTvelos umniSvnelovanes problemas Seadgens swored is, rom socia-

luri, ekonomikuri da politikuri situacia Seicvala radikalurad, qceviTi

modelebi ki praqtikulad igive darCa. xelisuflebaSi didia Zveli nomenklaturis

xvedriTi wili, romelsac sxvanairad, Tu ara sabWourad, azrovneba da qceva,

ubralod, ar ZaluZs. raxan moiSala araefeqturi, magram mainc raRac funqciis mqone

sabWoTa makontroli-rebeli meqanizmebi, korufciam da aliansma Crdilovan seqtorsa

da kriminalur samya-rosTan mmarTvel da Zalovan struqturebSi kidev ufro farTo

masStabi miiRo. Crdilo-vanebi, saxelmwifo resursebis deficitis pirobebSi,

ZiriTadad kontrabandiTa da Semo-savlis dafarviT irCenen Tavs da am piro-bebSic ki

Crdilovani ekonomikis xvedriTi wili mTlianad qveynis ekonomikaSi naxevarze mets

Seadgens. rac Seexeba kriminalur “avtoritetebs~, maTi socialuri statusi kvlavac

arcTu dabalia; ‘Savi~ gza axalgazr-dobis garkveuli nawilisaTvis sasurvel

orientirs warmoadgens.

zemoTqmulis gaTvaliswinebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom dRes qarTuli kultura adap-

taciur kriziss ganicdis, rac imaSi gamo-ixateba, rom sazogadoebis praqtikulad

yvela fenaSi gabatonebuli qceviTi mode-lebi, stili ar Seesabameba realobis

moTxov-nebs. realoba ki imaSi mdgomareobs, rom qarTvelebi ukve aTi welia

damoukidebel saxelmwifoSi cxovroben.

ar SeiZleba iTqvas, rom bolo aTi wlis ganmavlobaSi qarTul sazogadoebaSi

araviTari cvlileba ar momxdara. empiriuli gamoklvlevebi aCveneben, rom wlidan

wlamde mcirdeba fatalizmis done, izrdeba sakuTari Zalebis rwmena. es –

fsiqologiis doneze. meores mxriv arasamTavrobo seqtoris gaCena, arasrulyofili,

magram mainc demokratiul yaidaze agebuli institutebi, met-naklebad Tavisufali

mas-media, Tundac Canasaxovan mdgomareobaSi myofi kerZo sakuTreba da sabazro

ekonomika garkveul pozitiur rols mainc TamaSoben, da es imedis momcemia. magram

zogadad batonoben Zveli Rirebulebebi da stereotipebi; ukve xsenebuli, sivrciTi

da droiTi horizontis siviwrove gansazRvravs moqalaqeobrivi Segnebis deficits

sazogadoebis yvela fenaSi. sazogadoebrivi valdebulebebi ZiriTadad sityvaze

srul-deba. amis ilustracias warmoadgens is garemoeba, rom damoukideblobis

wlebSi ar ganicada raime SesamCnevi cvlileba qarTuli kulturis erT-erTma

bazurma ritualma – sufram.

rogorc daasabuTa l. bregaZem, qarTu-li sufra dRevandeli saxiT (sadRegrZelo-

ebis met-naklebad reglamentirebuli rigiT, Tamadis institutiT) Camoyalibda

sadRac 19-e saukunis 30-ian wlebisaTvis. am ritualis Camoyalibeba agreTve

kulturis pasuxi iyo3 ruseTis SemadgenlobaSi Sesvlaze. Tu adre, musliman

dampyroblebTan mimarTebaSi, erovnuli TviTmyofadobis SemanarCunebeli Rirebulebis

rolSi (iden-tifikatorad) religia gamodioda, am SemTx-vevaSi igi amgvar funqcias

veRar Seasrulebda. kulturam ‘igrZno~ TviTmyofadobis dakar-gvis saSiSroeba da

Sesabamisi pasuxi gasca – SeimuSavda sufris rituali, romlis msvlelobisas

yovelma ‘namdvilma qarTvelma~ sadRegrZeloebis reglamentirebuli rigis

warmoTqmiT unda Tayvani sces erovnuli Rirebulebebis “dakonservebul~ sistemas

(Cveni jgufi, ojaxi, samSoblo, winaprebi da a.S.). sxva sityvebiT, erovnuli Rirebu-

lebebis sistemisadmi sityvierad gamoxatuli loialoba Caenacvla socialur

qmedebas. Tu in-jgufebis wevrobidan gamomdinare valdebulebebi realurad

sruldeboda da sruldeba, ufro farTomasStabiani erTobis (“Cveni patara

saqarTvelo~) sakeTildReod mimarTuli aqtivoba praqtikulad mTlianad

Semoifargleboda da Semoifargleba Sesaba-misi sadRegrZeloebis gamudmebuli ritua-

luri gameorebiT.

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom sufris ritualma Tavisi funqcia, ase Tu ise, Seasrula.

erovnuli TviTmyofadoba da TviTcnobiereba SenarCunda. dRes, damoukidebeli

saxelmwi-fos statusiT arsebobis pirobebSi, TiTqos sufris rituali unda nel-

nela daviwyebas micemoda rogorc funqciadakarguli, magram ase ar moxda; sufra

rCeba yvelaze sasurvel socialur aqciad, rac imis maniSnebelia, rom kulturis

masStabiT orientaciis Secvla sityvidan saqmisaken ar SeimCneva.

amrigad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom qarTuli sazogadoebis struqtura da gavrcelebuli

qceviTi stereotipebi uzrunvelyofen sasicocxlo problemebis mogvarebas ‘soflis~

doneze. unda aRiniSnos, qarTuli kulturis zogierTi Tvisebis efeqti scil-deba

‘soflis~ farglebs da ufro farTo socialur jgufebs moicavs. magaliTad,

urTierTobaze orientacia da aqedan gamom-dinare urTierTobis normebis arsebobam

gansazRvra is, rom 1992-94 wlebSi, anarqiisa da kriminalis aRzevebis periodSi,

saqarTve-loSi ar damyarebula rusuli sityva “áåñ-ïðåäåë”-iT aRniSnuli situacia,

reketma ar miiRo farTo masStabebi (Tu ar CavTvliT saxelmwifosa da moxeleebis

rekets), xolo daqiravebuli mkvleli, qileri, ar iqca socialurad aRiarebul

‘profesiad~, rogorc es, magaliTad, ruseTSi moxda.

miuxedavad amisa, erovnuli saxel-mwifos SenarCunebisa da marTvisaTvis aucilebeli

unar-Cvevebisa da qceviTi modelebis deficiti, anu adaptaciuri krizisis arseboba,

sruliad cxadia. momavali gviCvenebs aqvs Tu ara qarTul kulturas rogorc rTul

sistemas axali pirobebisadmi adeqvaturi pasuxebis gamomuSavebis potenciali.

ra aris mediacia

zogadi mimoxilva

Tamuna cixisTavi

mediacia konfliqtebis mogvarebis sakmaod cnobili mimarTulebaa dasavleTis rig

qveynebSi. igi farTod gamoiyeneba konfliqtebis mosagvareblad rogorc ojaxebSi,

skolebSi, saqmian wreebSi, aseve sazogadoebis sxva fenebSi.

am SemTxvevaSi, Cven visaubrebT a.S.S.-Si, kerZod Eastern Mennonite University-Si danergili mediaciis tradiciebze, romlebic baltimoris mediaciis centris

gamocdilebazea dayrdnobili.

baltimoris mediaciis centrSi dagrovili gamocdileba Semdeg filosofias eyrdnoba

- konfliqtis mimdinareobisas mediaciis saSualebiT dapirispirebul mxareebSi

SeiZleba gamoinaxos is jansaRi potenciali da survili, romelic xels Seuwyobs

konstruqciuli dialogis dawyebas da mediatoris daxmarebiT SeTanxmebis miRwevas.

swored es aris mediatoris funqcia - dapirispirebuli mxareebis miyvana

molaparakebis magidasTan, molaparakebis warmarTva specialuri teqnikis gamoyenebiT

da mxareebis SeTanxmebamde miyvana Semdegi sawyisi aucilebeli wesebis dacviT -

konfidencialurobiT, mxareebis mimarT neitraluri poziciis gamovleniT, ar

gasamarTlebiTa da sakuTari azris ar gamoTqmiT, rCevebis ar micemiT.

es yovelive sakmaod zogadi aRweraa im rTuli procesisa, rasac mediacia qvia.

imisaTvis, rom TvalnaTliv warmovidginoT, Tu ra gansxvavebaa Cveulebriv

molaparakebasa da mediaciis teqnikiT gamarTul molaparakebas Soris, ganvixiloT

Cveulebrivi molaparakebis procesi, romelic Zalian xSiria Cvens realobaSi da,

Semdeg SevadaroT igi mediaciis saSualebiT warmarTul molaparakebas.

Cveulebrivi molaparakeba Semdegnairad viTardeba: molaparakebisas mxareebi

afiqsireben TavianT poziciebs, saubroben mxolod maTze da naklebad exebian TavianT

interesebs, saWiroebebs da im mTavar problemas, romelic moiTxovs dauyovnebliv

gadawyvetas.

Cveulebrivi molaparekebis procesi:

mediaciis saSualebiT warmarTuli molaparakeba ki Semdegnairad viTardeba -

molaparakebisas mxareebi saubroben TavianT saWiroebebze, intere-sebze da

ganixilaven problemas, eZeben misi mogvarebis, gadaWris gzebs.

mediaciis saSualebiT warmarTuli procesi:

rogorc vxedavT, sakmaod didi gansxvavebaa Cveulebrivi gziT warmarTul

molaparakebasa da mediaciis gamoyenebiT gamarTul molaparakebas Soris.

pirvel SemTxvevaSi mxareebi mxolod poziciebis dafiqsirebas andomeben dros da ar

saubroben TavianT saWiroebebsa da interesebze da amis gamo uWirT problemis

gadaWra. es yovelive ki logikurad, uSedego molaparakebiT sruldeba.

meore SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saubaria mediaciis gamoyenebiT molaparakebis

warmarTvaze, Cven vxvdebiT molaparakebis im saxeobas, romelic mxareebs aZlevs imis

saSualebas, rom isaubron TavianT saWiroebebze, interesebze da imuSaon problemis

mogvarebaze mediatoris daxmarebiT.

am SemTxvevaSi naTelia, rom mxareebis SeTanxmebamde misvla ufro advilia, radgan

isini ara mxolod poziciebs afiqsireben, aramed Riad saubroben TavianT interesebsa

Tu saWiroebebze.

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, mediacia is teqnikaa, romlis gamoyenebisas konfliqtis

mogvareba molaparakebis Sedegad savsebiT SesaZlebelia. es is procesia, romlis

sworad warmarTvisas ori dapirispirebuli mxare iwyebs dialogs, gamoTqvams Tavis

mosazrebebs, eZebs gzebs problemis gadasaWrelad da bolos, konfliqtis mogva-

rebaze Tavad muSaobs. Soridan yvelaferi ise gamoiyureba, rom mxareebi TviTon

eZeben gamosavals Seqmnili situaciidan, muSaoben konfliqtis mogvarebaze.

sinamdvileSi ki mediatori uZRveba am process da swored misi damsaxurebaa, Tu

yvelaferi ase gamoiyureba Soridan.

mediacia dapirispirebul mxareebs sTavazobs, Tavad gadawyviton TavianTi konfliqti

imis magivrad, rom sxva institutsa Tu pirovnebas miscen misi mogvarebis saSualeba,

maT nacvlad gadawyvetilebis miRebis ufleba.

mediaciis saSualebiT dapirispirebuli mxareebi midian molaparakebis magidasTan

imisaTvis, rom mousminon erTmaneTs. amasTanave, erTmaneTs gauziaron is ideebi,

romlebic problemis mogvarebas daexmareba da Tu moisurveben, dadon xelSekruleba,

romelic dawvrilebiT aRwers maT moTxovnebsa da saWiroebebs.

mediatori ar aris mosamarTle, romelic gamoavlens damnaSaves da Semdeg

uflebamosilia, rom gamoitanos ganaCeni. mediatorma mxareebi unda gaamxnevos

molaparakebis procesSi aqtiuri monawileobis misaRebad da maT gadasces procesis

ganviTarebisaTvis xelSemwyobi Zalaufleba. man unda agrZnobinos mxareebs, rom

swored isini arian mTavari monawileebi problemis mogvarebaSi da mediatori ki

damxmarea, romelic xels uwyobs orive mxares imaSi, rom saukeTeso gamosavali

moZebnon. es gamosavali ki, saboloo jamSi, orive mxarisaTvis misaRebi da momgebiani

unda iyos.

mediaciaSi ar arsebobs wageba-mogeba an marTal-mtyuani. es is procesia, romelSic

orive mxaris saWiroeba da Tvalsazrisia gaTvaliswinebuli da, saboloo jamSi,

orive mxare mogebuli rCeba molaparakebis Sedegad.

mediaciis procesSi xuTi safexuria: procesis mSenebloba, sakuTari xedvis gaziareba,

situaciis garkveva, ideebis ganviTareba da gadawyvetilebis miReba. es safexurebi

imis mixedviTac SeiZleba ganixilebodes, Tu konkretulad ra aris mxareebis

saWiroeba da Tavad situacia rogor ganviTarebas moiTxovs. zogadad ki es

yvelaferi ase gamoiyureba.

ganvixiloT TiToeuli safexuri cal-calke.

1. procesis mSenebloba: mediatori orive mxares uxsnis Tavis (mediatoris) rols

molaparakebis procesSi da dawvrilebiT acnobs procesis mimdinareobis wesebs. amis

Semdeg igi uxsnis orive mxares procesis msvlelobis wesebs da iRebs ukukavSirs

(mxareebis azrs) imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu ramdenad gaiges da gaiziares mxareebma mis

mier SeTavazebuli wesebi. mediatori jgufis muSaobis normebs adgens da iwyebs

dRis wesrigis SemuSavebas orive mxaresTan erTad.

2. sakuTari xedvis gaziareba: am dros mxareebi hyvebian momxdari konfliqtis

Sesaxeb, anu gadmoscemen TavianT xedvas momxdar konfliqtze - xdeba informaciis

gadmocema da mxareebis dacla emociebisa da faqtebisagan, rac maT momxdari

konfliqtis Sedegad daugrovdaT.

mediatori orive mxares exmareba, raTa maT aRiaron erTimeoris sinamdvile,

subieqturi realoba, xedva momxdari konfliqtisa. amis Semdeg, mediatoris mxridan,

xdeba axal informaciaze yuradRebis gamaxvileba. xSirad, TiToeuli mxaris

monayolSi axali informacia ikveTeba momxdari konfliqtis Sesaxeb, rac erTmaneTis

mosmenis Semdeg iCens xolme Tavs. amis Semdeg iwyeba diskusia, romlis drosac

yuradReba maxvildeba axal informaciasa da mxareebis mier moyolil faqtebze, anu

mxareebis subieqtur realobebze, maT mier aRweril konfliqtze.

3. situaciis gamorkveva: am dros mediatori cdilobs miRebul informaciasa da

sakiTxebze muSaobas, sakiTxebis gamorkvevas, saerTo interesebis gamonaxvas da maT

mniSvnelobaze xazgasmiT saubars.

4. ideebis ganviTareba: am dros mediatori afiqsirebs mxareebis mier gamoTqmul

azrebs, maT mier mignebul gamosavals konkretuli situaciidan. igi xels uwyobs

maTi ideebis ganviTarebas. iwyeba gamosavlis Zieba Seqmnili mdgomareobidan, razedac

orive mxare mediatoris daxmarebiT muSaobs.

5. bolo safexuri gadawyvetilebis miRebaa, rodesac orive mxare iwyebs fiqrs

konfliqtis Sedegad Seqmnili problemis gadaWraze. mediatori afiqsirebs problemis

mogvarebis sxvadasxva variantebs, romlebic mxareebis mier mofiqrebuli da

dasaxelebulia. mediatori mxareebTan erTad eZebs optimalur variants

CamoTvlilTagan da maTTan erTad adgens dawvrilebiT SeTanxmeba - xelSekrulebas.

mediatoris muSaoba molaparakebisas Semdeg aspeqtebze unda iqnes damyarebuli.

1. mediatorma unda Seqmnas garemo, romelSic mxareebi igrZnoben, rom isini Tavad

arian gadawyvetilebis mimRebi, rom Zalaufleba maT xelSia da Tavad unda

gadawyviton, Tu ra gzebiT SeiZleba mogvardes maTi problema;

2. mediatori exmareba mxareebs im barierebis dangrevaSi, romlebic maT xels uSlis

TavianT problemaze koncentrirebaSi. amis Semdeg mxareebi ufro naTlad dainaxaven

da gaaanalizeben sakuTar problemas da ifiqreben mis mogvarebaze.

3. mediatori exmareba mxareebs, rom maT kargad gaigon erTmaneTis saWiroebebi,

interesebi da perspeqtivebi. es ki maT miscems saSualebas, rom isaubron problemis

sakuTar xedvaze da aseve meore mxaris xedvasac kargad Cawvdnen.

Tu mivadevnebT Tvalyurs mediaciis teqnikiT Semdgar molaparakebis process da

Cveulebriv molaparakebas, romelic ase xSiria Cvens cxovrebaSi, Cven aRmovaCenT,

rom is strategia, rac molaparakebisa da problemis gadaWrisaTvis sasargebloa,

srulad aris gamoyenebuli mediaciaSi; xolo is strategiebi, romlebic

molaparakebis ganviTarebisaTvis damRupvelia da problemas ar Wris, xels uSlis

Sedegis miRebas da met-naklebad im molaparakebebSi gamoiyeneba, romlebic mediaciis

teqnikis gareSe mimdinareobs.

ganvixiloT sqema, romelSic molaparakebis ori perspeqtivaa warmoCenili:

1. problemis gadaWrisaTvis sasargeblo strategia, romelic mediaciaSi gamoiyeneba;

2. problemis gadaWrisaTvis warumatebeli strategia, romelic xSirad

damaxasiaTebelia Cveulebrivi molaparakebebisTvis.

1. problemis gadaWrisaTvis

sasargeblo strategia: 2. problemis gadaWrisaTvis

warumatebeli strategia: komunikacia:

1. gaxsniloba, gulwrfeloba;

2. pirdapiroba;

3. damajerebloba.

komunikacia: 1. Caketiloba, gulCaTxrobiloba; 2. arapirdapiroba; 3. iZuleba.

ganwyobebi:

1. ndoba;

2. momavalze orientireba; 3. asertiuloba (pozitiuri simtkice).

ganwyobebi: 1. undobloba da eWvi; 2. warsulze orientireba; 3. agresiuloba, Tavdacva.

procesi: 1. problemis ‘Seteva~; 2. interesebze fokusireba;

3. saerTo versiebis gamomuSaveba.

procesi: 1. erTmaneTis Seteva;

2. poziciebze fokusireba;

3. mxolod sakuTari poziciebis

gamxatveli versiebis gamomuSaveba. Sedegi: 1. mogeba-mogeba; 2. saWiroebebis dakmayofileba;

3. urTierToba.

Sedegi: 1. wageba-mogeba;

2. kompromisi poziciebs Soris;

3. gaucxoeba.

am sqemidan Cans, rom mediaciaSi gamoyenebuli strategiebi warmatebuli

molaparakebis met albaTobas iZleva, vidre is strategiebi, romlebic naklebad

orientirebulia Sedegze.

mediatoris daxmarebiT warmarTuli procesi saSualebas iZleva:

a) mxareebma mxolod sakuTari poziciebis dafiqsirebiT ar warmarTon molaparakeba;

b) mxareebma saerTo problemis gadawyvetaze erTmaneTis interesebisa da saWiroebebis

gaTvaliswinebiT imuSaon;

g) mxareebi Tavad mividnen SeTanxmebamde.

am procesis Sedegi mogeba-mogebaa, e.i. orive mxare mogebuli rCeba. mediaciis gziT

warmarTuli molaparakebis procesisas gaTvaliswinebulia TiToeuli mxaris

saWiroeba, interesi. Tavad problema orive mxaris mier erToblivadaa gadawyvetili

da ara mesame mxaris mier, romelmac SeiZleba ver gaiTvaliswinos mxareTaTvis

mniSvnelovani detalebi, rac konfliqtis eskalaciis mizezi SeiZleba gaxdes

momavalSi. mxareebs saSualeba eZlevaT, TiToeuli detalic ki SeaTanxmon

erTmaneTTan da mediatoris saSualebiT saboloo xelSekrulebaze imuSaon.

ZiriTadi damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi, romlebic mediaciis procesisas unda iqnas

SenarCunebuli, SemdegSi mdgomareobs: mediatori absoluturad neitraluri unda

iyos mxareebis mimarT. man arasodes unda misces Tavs ufleba, rom gaamarTlos an

gaamtyunos erTi an meore mxare, gaasamarTlos isini. mediators ara aqvs ufleba,

mxareebs rCeva misces da amiT sakuTari azri daafiqsiros, Tundac Tvlides, rom

icis gamosavali konkretuli situaciidan. mediatoris ZiriTadi daniSnulebaa, xeli

Seuwyos or dapirispirebul mxares molaparakebaSi da Tavad maT moaZebninos

gamosavali konkretuli situaciidan, amuSaos problemis gadaWrasa da Semdeg

xelSekrulebis dadebaze. amasTanave, mediatorma gansakuTrebuli garemo unda Seqmnas

ndobis misaRwevad. am procesSi erT-erTi mniSvnelovani moTxovnaa

konfidencialuroba - mediatorma ar unda gaaxmauros mxareebs Soris momxdari

konfliqti da saerTod, mediaciis procesis msvlelobis ambavi. rogorc zemoT

aRvniSneT, mediacia dRes-dReobiT erT-erTi efeqturi formaa konfliqtis

mSvidobiani gziT mogvarebisa. mediaciis garda, problemis gadaWris sxvadasxva

meTodebi arsebobs - fasilitacia, konsultacia, arbitracia. mediaciis Seswavla da

danergva saSualebas iZleva, rom Cvens cxovrebaSi momxdari konfliqtebi

warmatebuli molaparakebebiT movagvaroT. amasTanave, aRsaniSnavia, rom mediacia

policiis, sasamarTlos, araoficialuri mrCevlebis-momrigeblebis alternativaa. es

alternativa ki marTlac brwyinvale saSualebaa, rom konfliqti gasamarTlebis,

gamtyuneba-gamarTlebisa da rCevebis micemis gareSe movagvaroT.molaparakebebisa da

konfliqtis mogvarebis neitraluri teqnika - mediacia, mSvidobis mSeneblobis

procesis ganuyofeli nawilia.

Semoqmedeba, TanagrZnoba, araZaladoba

mxatvruli rubrikis winasityvaoba

redaqcia moxarulia rom Semog-TavazoT xelovnebis nawarmoebebi. konfliqtebis

mogvarebaSi metad mni-Svnelovania SemoqmedebiTi azrovneba da amitomac xelovnebis

roli Zalian didia gamouvali konfliqtebidan axali gzebis povnaSi. Cven

aucileblad unda SevuwyoT xeli araordinarul azrov-nebas, iseT azrovnebas,

romelic axal paradigmebs SemogvTavazebs da cxovrebis axal gzebs dagvanaxebs. ra

Tqma unda, yoveli maTgani ver gauZlebs istoriis gamocdas, magram darwmunebulni

varT rom zogierTi maTgani Zalian bevrs SesZens ara mxolod qarTul sinamdvi-les,

aramed msoflio kulturasac.

pirvel nomerSi gTavazobT or sakmaod saintereso nawarmoebs. erT-erTi maTgani aris

nino cixisTavis metad originaluri narativi qalisa da mis irgvliv arsebuli

molodinebis Sesaxeb. diskursi romelsac avtori gvTavazobs metad uCveuloa Cveni

mkiTxvelisaTvis, Temac sakmaod marginaluri, magram TavisTavad metad sainteresoa

xedva. SesaZlebelia Tu ara rom Cven aseTi TvaliT davinaxoT dRevandeli realoba?

SesaZlebelia Tu ara rom gadavabijoT im dogmatur CarCoebs, romelSiac dRevandeli

sazogadoebrivi normebi gvaqcevs da qalisa da kacis urTier-Tobebs sxva TvaliT

SevxedoT?

meore nawarmoebi, romelsac gTavazobT, aris ukve kargad cnobili axalagazrda

mwerlis, laSa buRaZis moTxroba Tamar mefis qmris, CvenSi avadxsenebuli giorgi

rusis Sesaxeb. aqac avtori metad araordinalur formasa da xerxs gvTavazobs.

moTxroba ikiTxeba bolodan. igi ase vTqvaT amotrialebulia. mkiTxvelma bolodan

unda waikiTxos es naweri. imedia es literaturuli novaciebi saintereso iqneba

Cveni mkiTxvelisaTvis. axal saukunesTan erTad Semodis komunikaciis axali formebi.

dekonstruqcias mohyveba rekonstruqcia. es aris rekonstruqciis garkveuli mcde-

loba qarTul realobaSi.

am konteqstSi Zalian mniSvnelovania rom kritikuli TvaliT SevxedoT aqamde

arsebul dogmebs cxovrebis, seqsualobis, Zaladobis garduvalobis, resursebis

ukmarisobis Tu sxva sakiT-xebis Sesaxeb. Cven xom vlaparakobT azrovnebaSi axali

paradigmis Semotana-ze, romelic alternativa iqneba struq-turuli Zaladobisa Tu

uTanasworobisa. ai, am axali paradigmis moZebnisaTvis aucilebelia SemoqmedebiTi

azrovneba. gasagebia rom yvelasaTvis mosawoni SemoqmedebiTi naSromi jer ar

Seqmnila, magram riski yovelTvis saWiroa progre-sis misaRwevad.

SeiZleba Tu ara Seicvalos dRevan-del da guSindel dRes gavrcelebuli meta-

narativebi (anu gabatonebuli Txrobis stili)? vfiqrobT rom es namdvilad

SesaZlebelia, Tumca advili ar aris. advili ar aris is, rom am meta-narativebis

Secvlas ar mohyves kidev ufro meti Zaladoba, vidre Cven gvaqvs dRes. amisaTvis

swored safuZv-liani Sromaa saWiro. da amave dros sazogadoebis mzaoba, imisaTvis

rom miiRos axleburi xedva da kulturas axali sisxli Sematos.

“qalis subieqtivizmi molodinebis diskursSi”

nino cixisTavi

14 oqtomberi 1999 weli

winasityvis magier:

modi, vimegobroT:

ase viwyeb komunikacias, Cemi molodini gansazRvrulia da impulsuri. ase mivmarTe

gogonas bavSvobaSi. maSin molodinic Sesabamisi mqonda: damewyo megobroba

TqmisTanave, Tumca araferi gamovida, is me ar melodeboda saerTod.

modi, vimegobroT:

ukve mogvianebiT ase mivmarTe axal-gazrda kacs da man seqsi SemomTavaza.

“Rrma mizezi qalis damarcxebulobis ganwyobisa mdgomareobs imaSi, rom gogona-

mozardi ar grZnobs pasuxismgeblobas sakuTar momavalze da arc Tvlis saWirod,

sakuTar Tavs wauyenos didi moTxovnebi. sruliadac ara imitom, rom igi gadaecema

mamakacs xorciTa da suliT da Tavis Tavs ufro mdablad aRiqvams. piriqiT, azri

mamakacis umaRlesobaze mas uCndeba da umkvidrdeba imitom, rom is ganwirulia mis

momsaxurebaze. Tu gogonebs undaT megobrobis an flirtis dawyeba vaJTan, maT

iniciativa ise unda gamoiCinon, rom es veravin SeamCnios”. simona de bovuari, “meore

sqesi” 1949 w. gv. 373; Simone de Beauvoir, “Le Deuxieme Sexe”, p.373, Gallimard, 1949.

gavida dro da is yvelaferi, Cemi gamocdileba damaviwyda. damaviwyda, rom orjer

miviRe uari CemTvis mniSvnelovan momentSi. an, SeiZleba imitomac gaxdnen

mniSvnelovanni zemoaRniSnuli SemTxvevebi, rom uari miviRe. damaviwyda, rogor

gadavwyvite, aRaravisTvis SemeTavazebina msgavsi sisulele: “modi, vimegobroT”. ras

niSnavs es? ra aris aq warmmarTveli: procesi Tu yabulis molodini, iqneb

rezultati? Tu meore mxare daTanxmdeba, iqneba ki es Tundac raime, mcire garantia,

megobrobisTvis sakmarisi? an, mere ki, odesme, vityodi, rom ar hqonda raime

konkretuli usamarTlobis Cadenis ufleba, mxolod imitom, rom Cven davTqviT,

gvemegobra. da mainc, miuxedavad yvelafrisa, ra iyo Cemi molodini orive

SemTxvevaSi? ras velodi? ra iyo zogadad molodini? es iyo mxarSi amodgomis

mcdeloba an yuradrebis mibyroba, siaxle?

qalis molodini kompromisulia, Tumca amiT sruliadac ar mcirdeba misi intensioba

da Rirebuleba.

didi xnis Semdeg me, 33 wlis qali veubnebi sakuTar Svils: “modi, vimegobroT”.

gamaxsenda es fraza, misi siyalbe. misi, frazis, arasicocxlisunarianoba. da amasTan,

Cemi molodinebis korelacia SedegebTan. gamaxsenda, rom es aris zemoqmedeba, an

mcdeloba zemoqmedebisa, adamianis molodinebze Sendami. Cemi Svili sami wlisaa da me

minda, rom yvelaferi miambos, yvelaferi vicode da am “yvelaferSi” Cemi mSoblebis

ideologiis fragmentalur kopirebas vaxden, magram amis SeniRbva “megobrobiT” minda.

* * *

erTi aseTi anegdoti:

ra gansxvavebaa diplomatsa da qals Soris: Åñëè ìóæ÷èíà ãîâîðèò “äà”, òî ýòî îçíà÷àåò “äà”. Åñëè ìóæ÷èíà ãîâîðèò “íåò”, òî ýòî îçíà÷àåò “íåò”. Åñëè ìóæ÷èíà ãîâîðèò “ìîæåò áûòü”, òî îí íå ìóæ÷èíà. Åñëè äèïëîìàò ãîâîðèò “äà”, ýòî îçíà÷àåò “ìîæåò áûòü”. Åñëè äèïëîìàò ãîâîðèò “ìîæåò áûòü”, ýòî îçíà÷àåò “íåò”. Åñëè äèïëîìàò ãîâîðèò “íåò”, òî îí íå äèïëîìàò. Åñëè äåâóøêà ãîâîðèò “íåò”, ýòî îçíà÷àåò “ìîæåò áûòü”. Åñëè äåâóøêà ãîâîðèò “ìîæåò áûòü”, ýòî îçíà÷àåò “äà”. Åñëè äåâóøêà ãîâîðèò “äà”, òî îíà íå äåâóøêà.

aq warmodgenilia naTeli, myari suraTi srulyofili adamianisa (kaci),

profesionalis (diplomati) da savaWro saqonlis (ò.å. òîâàð) – qali, romelsac

SeiZleba hqondes an ar hqondes xarisxis niSani – qalwuloba.

qalis molodini aris winaswari, globaluri SiSi yvelafrisa, rom mere Semcirdes

SiSis xarisxi, riskis faqtori danarCenTaTvis.

qalis molodini aris SiSis gamocdileba. elodeba yvelas, yvelafers da ara sakuTar

Tavs. amitom zrunvis obieqti SeiZleba iyos yvela da yvelaferi, mxolod ara

sakuTari Tavi, sxeuli, suli.

qalis molodinis fenotipi seqsualobaa (markirebuli an faruli, imis mixedviT, Tu

rogor sazogadoebaSi uxdeba cxovreba).

qalis seqsualoba aris mudmivi mzaoba, rogorc obieqtisa da misi molodini ki -

Segueba misTvis, obieqtisTvis romelime funqciis miniWebaze, raime pasuxis miRebaze:

ho, ara.

qalis zombireba molodinebiT

erTi aseTi “anegdoti”: (Tu, saerTod, molodini anegdotze - sicilia (!)).

qalis saSo hyveba:

ra ucnauri cxovreba maqvs, an sisxli gamdis, an viRac ucxo Semodis,

SemomafurTxebs da midis.

ginekologiis klasikur (sabWoTa periodis) saxelmZRvaneloSi menstruacia

xatovnadaa aRwerili/axsnili da gulisxmobs: (Turme) saSvilosno “sisxlis

cremlebiT tiris”, rom ar ganayofierda, ufro sworad, ar gaanayofieres.

pirveli magaliTi, asaxavs ra qalis cxovrebis prozas, misi (qalis) zogadi

molodini SeiZleba aRiweros, rogorc Zaladobis molodini: defloracia, mudmivi

molodini vertikaluri Zaladobisa. ratom vertikaluri Zaladoba? patriarqaluri

sazogadoebis modeli warmodgenilia mamakacis patronaJiT. aq qalis adgili

mTlianad daqvemdebarebulia patriarqaluri sazogadoebis da an misi erTi ujredis

struqturaze.

meore magaliTSi, “sisxlis cremlebiT”, aris obieqtis (saSvilosnos, qalis) sqesis

identificireba mis funqciasTan da, konkretulad, qalis sqesTan (sakuTar sqesTan),

rodesac “tyuilad” mosuli menstruacia xSirad aris mizezi da sababi imisTvis, rom

qalma kidev erTxel daafiqsiros Tavisi danaSauli ojaxis, eris, qveynis winaSe, rom

ar ganayofierda da, Sesabamisad, ar aris “ïëîäîâèòà êàê ñâèíüÿ”. es garemoeba gamZafrebulia da xazgasmuli rigi garemoebebiT.

(reklama higienur paketebze, maTze dadebulia teqsti qalebis gamonaTqvamebiT: axla

vigrZeni sisufTave, Tavisufleba, kargi suni, da SemiZlia Cavicva TeTri... (aq sxva

araferia Cadebuli, Tu ara is, rom menstruacia qalSi anu qali menstruaciaSi, aris

binZuri, suniani, araTavisufali, SaviT Semosili, friad WuWyiani raime)).

qali, rogorc molodinis subieqti da obieqti, matarebelia mudmivi mzaobisa -

danaSaulis monaniebis (erix fromis mixedviT, daumorCileblobiT Cadenili codva

gadasuli danaSaulis grZnobaSi, gadasuli damorCilebaSi (dasja), Semdeg ki -

patiebaSi), da SefurTxebis gardauvalobisTvis; e.i., sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, man,

qalma sisxlis cremlebiT moinanios gaunayofiereblobis danaSauli, sakuTar

sxeulSi mudmivad SeuSvas penisi, raTa ganayofierdes, an mudmivad elodos mas

(ganayofierebas, peniss).

saqme gvaqvs molodinebiT qalis zombirebasTan.

molodinebi: - saerTaSoriso hibridi Tu viwro nacionaluri stereotipi?

“Cems gancdaSi yovelTvis iyo daZabuloba, rom mTeli grova nakisri valdebulebebisa

Semesrulebina. da daZabulobis gancdac swored imaSi mdgomareobda, rom es

valdebulebani Cems daukiTxavad amkides da matvirTebines. es aris swored is

molodinebi, usasrulo molodinebi, romelnic axdenen Zaladobas pirovnebaze da amis

Sedegad Cemi Tavisuflebis xarisxi advili gansasazRvria”. (“molodinebi da

Sefasebebi” 1999 wli, gazafxuli, n. cixisTavi)

molodinebi rogorc zogadis cneba

molodinis cnebis gansazRvra, Sinaarsi

ganvsazRvroT molodinebis cnebis Sinaarsi da misi moculoba. imTaviTve, yvela cneba

konkretuli gansazRvrebis formulirebaa, xolo molodinebis “xmarebis”, gamoyenebis

SemTxvevaSi imdenad bevri igiveobaa sxva sityvebTan, rom isini xSirad sinonimebaTac

aris aRqmuli. mag: molodini – imedi, molodini – arseboba; megona da sxva.

aris molodinebis zogadi gageba: zogadi molodinebi.

molodinebi ufro Semoqmedebaa Tu idea? Tumca, albaT, ufro marTebulia,

ganvixiloT, rogorc orive erTad da ara calcalke. Tu molodinebi zogadad?

/literatura/ vaJa fSavela: mTani maRalni “sdganan, elian, usazRvroa mTebis

molodini. an ra daaSrobs imaT gulSi molodinis zRvas?Aara aqvs imas bolo, arc

dasasruli, rogorc RvTaebas.. sdganan da elian. guli stkivaT, Zalian stkivaT,

magram ar ixocebian, arc Wleqdebian. elian vis? an ras? raRacas, diax, raRacas. is

raRaca unaxavis danaxvaa.” vaJa fSavela, Txz., t. V. gv., 317-318.

ra aris molodini

molodini aris filosofiuri, fsiqologiuri, fiziologiuri konstruqti,

struqturul, zRvrul periodTa erTobliobis konstanturi procesi. molodinebis

analizma cxadyo maTi genderuli araneitraloba. molodebi ar aris genderulad

neitraluri da Sesabamisad, gansxvavebulia orive sqesis molodinebi e.i.

sazogadoebriv, kulturul, eTniur, religiur diskursebSi molodinebi ganixileba

qalis da kacis subieqtivizmis ganmsazRvrel da Semadgenel erTeulad, sadac orive

sqesi aris rogorc molodinis subieqti, ise obieqti da erTmaneTisgan

gansxvavebulia.

molodinis veqtori mimarTulia momavlisken da Sedegobriv kategoriaSi is SeiZleba

iyos bivalenturi (dadebiTi rezultatiT an uaryofiTiT). Tumca, zogadad

molodinis Sinaarsi dadebiTi valentobisaa da uaryofiTs imTaviTve moulodnelobas

veZaxiT (esec yovelTvis calsaxad ar vlindeba leqsikaSi, es ZiriTadi tendenciaa).

molodinis wminda kategoria, zogadi molodini, rogorc periodTa procesi

TavisTavadia da genderuli. ras vgulisxmob molodinis genderulobaSi: TavisTavad

molodini gansxvavebuli aqvs rogorc subieqts, orive biologiuri sqesis adamians

da, amave dros, rogorc molodinis obieqti, adamianebi xvdebian, ganixilebian da

miiRebian zogadi molodinis stereotipis zemoqmedebis qveS.

“Jak lakanis cnobili anegdoti sardinebian konservis qilaze, romelic wyalSi

mocuravs. is uyurebs mas, qilas, magram qilac uyurebs mis navs. TavisTavad

araprezentabeluri, sardinebiani qila xdeba “danaxuli” xedvis (Âçãëÿä) gamo, romelic momdinareobs misgan, qilasgan. es xedva “ekranis” xazze nawilobriv xdeba

lakaniseuli xedva: aq xorcieldeba misi reprezentaciuli molodinebi. sxva

sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, swored am xazze lakani xedavs obieqts da axdens mis

identifikacias, rogorc qilisas, amgvarad xdeba reprezentaciis subieqti. ras

vxedavT Cven, roca vucqeriT kacis tans? Cven vxedavT ara TviTon tans, mTeli misi

anatomiuri atributebiT, aramed sarkesaviT areklil xedvas, romelic Cveni xedvac

aris. Cven “vucqeriT” xedvas, romelic winaswar arsebobs Cveni warmodgenebis,

SiSebisa da survilebis doneze. Cven “vxedavT” raRacas, romelSic, gamomdinare Cveni

sakuTari molodinebisgan, Cven vafiqsirebT, rogorc kacis tans. Cven mtkiced viciT,

ra iqneba reprezentirebuli cqeris procesSi kidevac ufro adre, vidre mivmarTavT,

mivabyrobT sakuTar xedvas obieqtze. Cven vxedavT imas, risi molodinic gvqonda.

Cveni xedva tanis markerad gvevlineba.

ra Tqma unda, swored amitom aris gamowveuli is Zlieri SiSi saSinelebaTa

filmebis mayureblebSi. am SemTxvevaSic, SiSi gamowveulia reprezentaciuli

molodinebis gayalbebasTan, gauqmebasTan, (motyuebasTan), roca mayurebeli Tavs

abrunebs, rom Sexedos sxva personaJs, is xedavs raRac sruliad ucxos, sxvas,

vidre adamians. monstri araadamianuri sxeulis nawilebiT - yovelTvis iwvevs

adamianSi panikur SiSs aseTi cvlileba, Canacvleba. transvest(it)ebisadmi da

transseqsualebisadmi miuRebloba da zizRi, damaxasiaTebelia patriarqaluri

orientaciis homosocialuri azrovnebisaTvis da warmoadgens mZafri reaqciis

magaliTs molodinebis gacruebaze”. Àíäðåé Ñèíåëüíèêîâ, “Ìóæñêîå òåëî: âçãëÿä è æåëàíèå. Çàìåòêè ê èñòîðèè ïîëèòè÷åñêèõ òåõíîëîãèé òåëà â Ðîññèè”, ñòð. 209. Ãåíäåðíûå èññëåäîâàíèÿ, 2,99, Õàðüêîâñêèé öåíòð ãåíäåðíûõ èññëåäîâàíèé.

molodinis funqcia

molodinis funqcia ganisazRvreba, rogorc zogadi, wminda molodinis funqcia da

rogorc materializebuli (Sedegobrivi kategoria) molodinis funqcia. molodinebis

funqcia sxvadasxvaa, rogorc gansxvavebuli sqesis warmomadgenelTaTvis, ise

konkretuli sqesis orive rolisTvis (qali, kaci), rogorc molodinis subieqtisa

da obieqtisTvis.

perioduloba

“gadamwyveti nabiji sqesis problemaTa Tanamedrove formirebisTvis gadadga Jak

lakanma misi TeoriiT: “survilebi da falosi”. lakanma miaqcia yuradReba pirvelad

(froidiseul) dediseul samkuTxeds, romelSic Svilisa da dedis garda aqtiurad

monawileobs damatebiTi faqtori: dedis survili, romelsac bavSvi mTeli ZalebiT

cdilobs, Seesabamos. lakaniseuli gagebiT, TamaSebi mimdinareobs warmosaxviTi

obieqtis, dediseuli falosis irgvliv. oidiposis kompleqsis warmatebiT

gadasaWrelad dediseuli falosi unda iqnas Canacvlebuli mamis saxeliT. magram

imis Semdeg, rac falosi aRar aris imTaviTve is warmosaxviTi obieqti, igi xdeba

wminda simbolod survilisa da dakmayofilebisa, romelic iyo dakarguli oidiposis

kompleqsis “warmatebuli” warmoqmnis Sedegad”. Ìèõàèë Ðûêëèí “Ïîë ðàñòåíèé” Ãåíäåðíûå èññëåäîâàíèÿ: Ôåìèíèñòñêàÿ ìåòîäîëîãèÿ â ñîöèàëüíûõ íàóêàõ. ÕÖÃÈ 1998 ã. ñòð 218.

qalis fexmZimoba aris molodinebis materializebuli periodi, romelic

gansazRvrulia cxraTviani vadiT. es aris molodini zogadi da amave dros molodini

zRvruli. es mdgomareoba ar SeiZleba, ganixilebodes lakaniseul samkuTxedSi,

rogorc “deda, bavSvi da survilebi”, aramed, rogorc deda, bavSvi da molodini. da

miT ufro ver ganvixilav mas, rogorc dedis ganwyobas, survils, daimorCilos da

warmarTos bavSvi sakuTari “survilebis” mimarTulebiT. lakaniseul TeoriaSi deda

gamoiyureba, rogorc calke, bavSvTan mimarTebaSi ganze mdgomi subieqti Tavisi

“survilebiT”, maTze daqvemdebarebuli bavSviT. deda im SemTxvevaSi gamoiyureba,

rogorc pirveladi uzurpatori bavSvisa, an mxolod faqtiuri matarebeli nayofisa,

rodesac mas, dedas, aqvs Tavisi, bavSvisagan damoukidebeli fiziologia, fsiqologia,

survilebi da bavSvi ki, iZulebulia, amas yvelafers “daemorCilos”; Jak lakanis

aseTi damokidebuleba fexmZime qalisadmi ar aris gasakviri, radgan is nasazrdoebia

maskulinuri, gacnobierebuli Tu gaucnobierebeli tradiciiT: qali ganisazRvros

mamakacTan mimarTebaSi, mamakacTan SedarebiT da didi surviliT, swrafviT

falosisaken. Cemi azriT, fexmZimobis periodi mTlianad, ufro gamZafrebulad da

intensiurad korelaciaSi modis dedis zogad da zRvrul, konkretul molodinebTan.

lakaniseuli TeoriiT, bavSvi “mTeli ZalebiT cdilobs, daemorCilos dediseul

“survils”. sinamdvileSi, ufro bunebrivia, es “survilebi” ganvixiloT dediseuli

molodinebis erT-erT struqturul elementad. da bavSvis swrafvac, moxdes maTi

(bavSvisa da dedis) molodinebis globalizacia, integracia, xsnis bevr

fiziologiur Tu fsiqologiur procesTa msvlelobis bunebas.

perioduloba - molodinebis cikluroba (menstruacia, fexmZimoba, qalwuloba)

miuxedavad molodinebis valentobisa aris qalis subieqtivizmis mamoZravebeli

lokomotivi, miT ufro, rom molodinebi da qalis seqsualoba konstanturia da

urTierTganmsazRvreli.

molodinebis saxeebi, struqtura

siurprizi - moulodnelobebi. SeiZleba iyos dadebiTi da uaryofiTi. yoveli

pozitiuri Tu negatiuri reaqcia SeiZleba asocirebul iqnas arasakmarisad

ganxorcielebul molodinTan an zedmetadganxorcielebul molodinTan with undermet expextations or with overmet expectations. molodinebis sami stadiaa: arasakmarisad ganxorcielebuli molodini,

ganxorcielebuli molodini, zedmetad ganxorcielebuli molodini; undermet, met, overmet expectations. J. S. Black & H.B. Gregersen,”Expectation, Satisfaction, and Intention”. Intercultural Relations, Vol. 14, 1990.

arqemolodini qalis subieqtivizmis spiralis struqturuli erTeuli.

kazionaluri molodinebi irRveva konfliqtebis dros. Sedegad qali uerTdeba axal

dinamikas molodinisas. ltolvilebTan dakavSirebiT ki dasamatebelia maTi

molodinebi axal teritoriaze + Zveli roli.

jari, omi, - qalis molodinebis institucionaluri zombirebis strategiaa,

mijaWvuloba saxlze, komunikaciaze, komfortze.

isterika aris molodinebis funqcia, hgavs swraf amosunTqvas. iZleva saSualebas,

zedapirze amoagdos aramaterializebuli molodinebisgan miRebuli uaryofiTi

energia.

fantazia aris molodinebis strategia. molodinis materializaciisTvis scenaris

deformaciT miRebuli stresi Serbildes warmosaxvisTvis aRsaqmelad. anu fantazia

emsaxureba molodiniT miRebuli frustraciis warmosaxviT fiqsacias, rom moxdes

molodinebis fsevdomaterializacia. aqac kargad sCans qceviTi an warmosaxviTi

sixSire da genderuli araneitraloba. genderul identurobis stereotipi,

molodinis funqciasTan mimarTebaSi, imTaviTve ganwirulia SexedulebaTa aTvlis

wertilze, maT mijaWvulobaze.

ra igulisxmeba:

/lingvistika/ fantaziori qali, (ar aRiqmeba, rogorc riskfaqtori, piriqiT, xSir

SemTxvevaSi misasalmebelia), xolo fantaziori kaci - asocialuri SemTxvevaa, ar

aris kacuri.

/tradicia/ qali - fantaziori - dadebiTi atitudi; kaci - fantaziori - saeWvo,

arastabiluri pirovneba.

/sqesis identifikacia/ gaWirvebisas qali aqtiurad asrulebs nebismier samuSaos,

SeuZlia sxvadasxva saxis Sroma, moergos situacias da amave dros ar iyos

frustrirebuli. mas aqvs didi gamocdileba fantaziaSi da warmodgenebSi. amitom

relaluobasTan morgeba, kompromisi, daqvemdebareba qalisTvis Cveuli saqmea. amis

erT-erTi yofiTi magaliTad SeiZleba ganvixiloT iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa,

ltolvilTa (mxedvelobaSi myavs qali warmomadgenlebi) ufri swrafi adaptacia

mamakacebTan SedarebiT.

/literatura/ sizmari da damokidebuleba sizmrisadmi.

/seqsualoba/ molodinebis mudmivoba gapirobebulia qalis seqsualobiT. qalis

seqsualoba aris qalis mudmivi mzaoba. mzaoba qalisa, rogorc obieqtis ise

subieqtis.

Segueba aris Zaladoba molodinebze.

sqesis metafizikuri periodis gavlena molodinebze

metafizikuri periodi qalis subieqtivizmis ontogenezSi.

funqcia, rogorc molodinis bivalenturi materializacia.

identifikacia sqesTan.

“saubaria mamardaSvilisa da daliozis TvalsazrisTa fundamentur gansvlaze sqesze

swored imitom, rom saubaria or tolfasad mniSvnelovan filosofosze, romelTa

SeuTanxmebloba ki ar aris gamogonili, aramed maTi fesvebi didi xnis tradiciebSia.

miT ufro, rom orTavesTan sxvadasxvanairad iSifreba erTi da igive metafizikuri

tradicia: Cveni Tanamemamule mTlianad aris misi mimRebi garedanve, xolo frangi

moazrovne radikalurad uaryofs mas Signidanve”. Ìèõàèë Ðûêëèí “Ïîë ðàñòåíèé” Ãåíäåðíûå èññëåäîâàíèÿ: Ôåìèíèñòñêàÿ ìåòîäîëîãèÿ â ñîöèàëüíûõ íàóêàõ. ÕÖÃÈ 1998 ã. ñòð. 217.

ra gansazRvravs prioritetulad molodinis struqturas metafizikur

(Trans Naturam – laTinuri gamoTqma, Seesabameba berZnuli – metafizika – “bunebis

zRvars iqeT”. Tu bunebaSi vgulisxmobT materias, metafizikad ganisazRvreba

yvelaferi is, rac ar aris materialuri), da sqesTan identur periodTan mimarTebaSi

molodinis, rogorc TavisTavadobis struqturul erTeuls qalis subieqtivizmTan

mimarTebaSi? metafizikuri periodi sxvadasxvagvaradaa ganawilebuli qalisa da kacis

ontogenezSi. metafizikur mdgomareoba genderuli identifikaciis wlebSi iwyeba

dabadebidan menstrualuri ciklis dawyebamde. aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTvelos

sinamdvileSi es periodi gaigivebulia da identuria mdedrobiTi sqesis individis

defloraciasTan. es is periodia, roca qaloba da qalis sqesi socialurad

mikuTvnebuli rolia.

kacisTvis ki metafizikuri mdgomareoba/periodi iwyeba dabadebidan, grZeldeba

sasqeso organoebis momwifebamde. es aris sqesis metafizikuri periodis pirveli

etapi. meore etapi, postmetafizikuri periodi, iwyeba kacis, mamrobiTi individis

klimaqsis periodidan da grZeldeba sicocxlis bolomde.

Tu metafizikuri periodi, orive sqesis SemTxvevaSi, Tavidan aris bavSvobis

periodTan identuri maSin, kacebTan mimarTebaSi am periodis xelaxali Semosvla,

marTalia ukve postmetafizikuri periodis saxiT, SeiZleba iwvevdes infantilizmis

gamovlenas. es ukanaskneli TavisTavad korelaciaSi SeiZleba iyos molodinis

veqtoris SebrunebasTan veqtoriT ukan. es, TavisTavad, SeiZleba iyos mizezi bevri

fiziologiuri da fsiqologiuri procesebis gauaresebis, pesimisturi an agresiuli

gamovlinebebis; SeiZleba iwvevdes mniSvnelovan uaryofiT atituts. qalebTan

mimarTebaSi ki, molodinebis veqtoris inercia gvaZlevs safuZvels, vifiqroT, rom

molodinebis bivalentoba, xSir SemTxvevaSi, sruliadac ar aris qalis

subieqtivizmis damangreveli Zala (gansakuTrebiT, materializebuli molodinis minus

niSniT miReba). zogadi molodinebi aris qalis subieqtivizmis mamoZravebeli

lokomotivi. qalis metafizikuri periodi aRar meordeba individis sicocxleSi da

e.i. qalebTan mimarTebaSi ar gvaqvs postmetafizikuri periodi, romelic erTgvarad

daaubrunebda mas bavSvobis periodSi. maSin, rogor axerxebs patriarqaluri

kultura, tradicia, rom qali da bavSvi daayenos mamakacze daqvemdebarebul erT

xazze? raSi mdgomareobs mmarTvelTa “mogeba” am SemTxvevaSi? swored is qvecnobieri

molodini kacisa, rom mas TviTon elodeba postmetafizikuri periodi, aZlevs

safuZvels, rom qali gaaigivos bavSvTan kulturul, tradiciul, religiur

diskursSi da amiT - daiqvemdebaros.

“rogor dalagda sqesis problema klasikur metafizikaSi?

da Tu is saerTod ar gamovlinda (problema) ara imitom, rom metafizika Tavisi

mimarTulebebiT Segnebulad maskulinuri iyo, aramed imitom, rom is acxadebda

pretenzias, esaubra neitraluri wertilidan, romelic aRimarTeba sqesTaSoris

gansxvavebaTa zeviT. magram sqesi im teqstebSi mainc monawileobs, gansakuTrebiT Tu

yuradRebas mivapyrobT maT periferias, metaforebs, romliTac es filosofia

sargeblobda. Tavis arsSi is samuSaoebi tardeboda da tardeba rogorc

dekonstruqcia, romelic, Tavis mxriv Tanamedrove feminizmis erT-erTi saTavea”. Ìèõàèë Ðûêëèí “Ïîë ðàñòåíèé” Ãåíäåðíûå èññëåäîâàíèÿ: Ôåìèíèñòñêàÿ ìåòîäîëîãèÿ â ñîöèàëüíûõ íàóêàõ. ÕÖÃÈ 1998ã, ñòð. 217.

scenari aris molodinebis bihevioruli strategia. molodinebis interpersonaluri

sqema: scenaris fiqsacia da misi materializacia. ris Sedegad igi, scenari, ingreva

an icvleba, rac TavisTavad iwvevs molodinis gadinebis iluzias da frustracias.

frustracia = molodini - realoba.

tipi (ar igulisxmeba qali), wavida fexburTze; molodini iyo mogeba, realoba -

wageba. (maiersi, “socialuri fsiqologia”).

maSin molodini = frustracia + realoba

deviaciis (devianturi pirovneba) sami ZiriTadi komponenti: adamiani, romelsac

axasiaTebs garkveuli qceva, molodini, an norma, romelic aris devianturi qcevis

Sefasebis kriteriumi, da sxva adamiani, adamianTa jgufi an organizacia, romelic

reagirebs am qcevaze. (neil smelzeri – sociologia – gv. 210 moskovi, 1994).

qalis aqtiuroba, patriarqalur sazogadoebebSi, CaTvlilia, rogorc devianturi

qceva, xolo sazogadoebis/individis molodinebi qalze imTaviTve gulisxmobs mis

pasiurobas. magaliTad, Cvens sazogadoebaSi normalurad iTvleba kacisgan, Tu is

telefoniT urekavs qals, xolo sapirispiro SemTxvevaSi, qalis qceva devianturad

aris miCneuli, (Tu qalma ar mimarTa raime xerxs, magaliTad ar moimizeza

gadaudebeli saqme da sxva).

devianturi qcevis tipologia r. mertonis mixedviT: totaluri konformizmi

(aradevianturi qcevis erTaderTi tipi); inovaturi qceva (reketi); ritualizmi

(biurokrati); retreatizmi (gaqceva sinamdvilidan, realobidan); bunti (moaqvs Zveli

miznebisa da saSualebebis Secvla axliT).

gamocdileba

hipoTezebi:

1. realisturi molodinebi aadvilebs, win swevs adaptacias. Weissman and Furnham

1987.

molodinebi da gamocdilebebi droebiTi macxovreblebis (sojourners) Tumca,

kvlevis SedegebSi (kvleva Catarda axali zelandiis 20 skolaSi) aRiniSna, rom

realisturi molodinebi (dafiqsirda sruli sxvaoba molodinebsa da gamocdilebas

Soris) ar aris dakavSirebuli, ar axdens gavlenas fsiqologiur adaptaciaze. aseve

gamokvleul iqna gansxvavebebi, rom roca gamocdileba ufro rTuli iyo, vidre

molodini (vidre moelodnen), droebiTi macxovreblebi ufro metad asocirebulni

iyvnen fsiqologiurad distressTan, gancdasTan, ubedurebasTan.

korelacia - molodinebis sirTuleebTan, gamocdilebis sirTuleebTan, fsiqologiur

adaptaciasTan. imave dros, realisturi molodinebi iyo aRebuli rogorc

absoluturad sxva, calke erTeuli mosalodnel da gamocdil sirTuleebTan erTad. Joy Rogers & Collen Ward - “Expectation-Experience Discrepancies and Psychological Adjustment during Cross-Cultural Reentry”, International Journal of Intercultural Relations, Vol. 17, pp. 185-196, 1993.

molodinebi da Rirebulebebi

molodinebi aris funqcia adamianis Zalisxmeva warsulis xelaxali gamyarebisa. iseve,

rogorc, SedegTa subieqturi Rirebuleba aris funqcia wina codnisa. adamianis

subieqturi molodinebi SesaZlebel (mosalodneli) SedegebTan mimarTebaSi asaxavs

warsul (naswavl) gamocdilebas konkretuli SemTxvevis SesabamisobiT.

Introduction to Personality – Walter Mischel; Stanford University, 1981.

roteris formulirebiT: zogadi molodinebi gamomdinareoben situaciidan da mis

garSemo moiazrebian, rom iyvnen rogorc ufro stabiluri da Tanmxvedrni.

molodinebi da leqsika

qalo, sul eli?

qalia da sulelia, sul elis

qali ijda da beds elodebodao

qali ise unda daasaqmo, rom Tavisufali dro ar darCes, Torem eSmaki SeuCndebao.

gelodi – vaJis sakuTari saxeli;

argelodi - qalis sakuTari saxeli;

eliso – qalis sak. sax.

viseli – qalis sak. sax.

visia - qalis sak. sax. (albaT, simReris gavlenaa: “visia, visia, qali lamazi”).

nameti - qalis sak. sax.

toCka - qalis sak. sax.

mamakacTa molodini qalis, rogorc meuRlis mimarT – qali misi mona/povari gaxdeba.

mosalodneli: sococxlis xangrZlivoba (sociologiuri monacemebiT); amindi;

molodini:

qalisTvis: bavSvi, sayvareli qmari, ojaxi, saqme.

kacisTvis: samsaxuri, megobrebis wre, finansebi, ojaxi, coli - mona/povari

moulodneli:

qalisTvis: kacisagan “qaliviT” moqceva

kacisTvis: qalisagan “kacuri” moqceva

valdbulebaTa roluri gadanawileba.

dakmayofilebuli qali, qali, romelic daakmayofiles. amasac, Tavis mxriv uaryofiTi

aRqma aqvs sazogadoebriobisgan (“sara: SeWame limoni”)

kmayofili kaci, kaci, romelic TviTon miiRebs, aiRebs dakmayofilebas.

“mTeli bavSvobis periodSi gogonas Trgunaven da amaxinjeben. urTierTobebSi

mSoblebTan, megobrebTan, swavlaSi, TamaSSi is iqceva rogorc arseba, romelsac

SeuZlia transcendencia, misi momavali pasiuroba mas mxolod eCveneba. imis mere,

rac dadgeba misTvis sqesobrivi momwifebis periodi, es momavali ara marto

axlovdeba, aramed misi sxeulis Semadgeneli nawili xdeba, gardaiqmneba swored rom

konkretul realobad. es - fataluri da erTxel da samudamod misjili momavali:

amave dros biWebi aqtiurad ikvalaven gzas zrdasrulTa cxovrebisaken, gogona

elodeba am axali (siurealuri an fsevdorealuri) periodis dawyebas. da, marTalia

“is, axali periodi” misTvis sruliad ucnobia, magram misi konturebi ukve

gamokveTilia; gogonas misken miaqanebs dro. bavSvoba darCa ukan, axlandeli dro

misTvis - es mxolod gadasvlaa erTi mdgomareobidan meoreSi; fusfusi, romelSic

ar amoicnoba mniSvnelovani mizani. is, gogona aniavebs, fuWad xarjavs Tavis

axalgazrdobas molodinze, romelic farulia an aRiarebuli, gulaxdili. is

elodeba mamakacs.” Simone de Beauvoir, Le Deuxieme Sexe, Gallimard, 1949. p.366.

molodinebi konfliqtis mogvarebaSi qalis rolze

“qalzea damokidebuli ojaxis moraluri saxe, ojaxis wevrebs Soris normaluri

urTierTobebis damyareba, mamakacis bunebis Serbileba, ojaxis simtkicisa da ojaxSi

mSvidobis damyareba”. iqve: “qalis statuss ojaxSi gansazRvravs is, rom qali aris

eTnikuri tradiciebis dacvisa da memkvidreobiT gadacemis meqanizmis mTavari

mamoZravebeli Zala, im tradiciebisa, romelTac saukuneebis manZilze qmnida xalxis

sawarmoo, yofiTi da sulieri kultura. qali aregulirebs da warmarTavs ojaxis

wevrebis qcevis socialur-ekonomikur, yofiT, fsiqologiur normebs; igi asrulebs

sawesCveulebo kulturasTan dakavSirebul ZiriTad ritualebs da, bolos, qalia

ojaxSi Taobebis damakavSirebeli rgoli. sazogadoebrivi qcevis normebis - etiketis

damcvelica da Semsrulebelic qalia”. l. meliqiSvili “konfliqturi situaciebi

polieTnikur sazogadoebaSi” gv. 218, 1998 w. mSvidobis, demokratiisa da

ganviTarebis kavkasiuri instituti.

dRes msoflioSi axali talRa wamovida. ewyoba diskusiebi da konferenciebi,

ixarjeba udidesi saxsrebi imaze, rom gaaqtiurdes qali, qalis roli konfliqtebis

mogvarebis saqmeSi. dRes amaze saubari modaSia da yvela saxelmwifo, organizacia,

mkvlevari Tu mecnieri cdilobs, es Tema win wamowios da sxvadasxva diskursSi

ganixilos, erTgvarad xarki gaiRon modisTvis.

TiTqos da ra unda aRelvebdes vinmes, an ra amoqmedebdes amisTana humanuri

mimarTulebis winaaRmdeg. konfliqtebi xom ase destruqciulia da damRupveli. miT

ufro, SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebi. daxocilia amdeni adamiani. amaTgan, ufro meti

mamakaci. da gadawyda, rom qalma unda uSvelos msoflios. e.i. mamakacebma iomon,

qalebma ki - moagvaron.

meores mxriv, es Cveuli qcevaa qalis mimarT: qalebs miuCinon moqmedebis niSa.

wamoiwyon kampania da sazeimod gadascen damatebiT kidev erTi roli.

ra Tqma unda, qals SeuZlia itvirTos damatebiT kidev is roli, romelic

saxogadoebis molodinebisgan momdinareobs. da raRa Tqma unda, qali imas, damatebiT

rols, iseve Seupovrad da gulisxmierad Seasrulebs, mxolod, dRes aRar aris

saWiro, rom am damatebiT funqcias movuZebnoT gamarTleba Rrma istoriuli

fesvebiT, rom am funqcias istoriul-eTnikur-religiur-kulturul-tradiciul da

a.S. ganpirobebuloba movaniWoT. amiT is sruliadac ar SeiZleba gavxadoT

aucilebeli, Cveuli da mosalodneli qalisgan. es iqneboda swored molodinebiT

qalis zombireba, roca ar vutovebT pirovnul sivrces - arCevans - da e.i.

Tavisuflebas.

***

dasasrul,

Cemi molodinebi nawerTan mimarTebaSi:

• molodinebi, rogorc calke kategoria;

• qalis zombireba molodinebiT;

• sazogadoebis, xalxebis, individTa molodinebiT manipulireba xelisuflebis

mmarTveliobiTi struqturebidan;

• Seqmnili kulturisa da tradiciebis moxerxebuli gamoyeneba axali lozungebis

Sesaqmnelad;

• axali rolebis “damateba” orive sqesis warmomadgenlebze, rogorc “ZvelTaZveli

idea”, niadagi ki isev (Cveuli) molodinebia.

“pirveli rusi”

laSa buRaZe

5

qristianebo!

aTi mcneba xo iciT? iciT. ara esa, ara isa... mokled, sul aTi - ara.

magram aris meTerTmetec!

qristianma kacma, Sennairma anu, icis rom dawerils urjulosaviT marjvnidan

marcxniv ver waikiTxavs. ver waikiTxavs da arc waikiTxavs! erTi sityviT, verc da

arc, radgan bavSvmac ki uwyis, rom yovelive ukuRmarTi _ eSmakisganaa!

arada, iZulebuli xar erTxel mainc gausinjo gemo! aqedan iqiT ki ar gadafurclo

_ iqidan aqeT, da Tan qristianadac darCe, ise rogor?!

Turme, axalgardacvlilis suli, Tavis cxovrebas xelaxla gadis, oRond ukuRma _

sikvdilidan dabadebamde.

aha, esec Tqveni meTerTmete: ar mokvde!

qristianebo, ukuRmarTad dawerili istoria unda wagakiTxoT mefeT mefe Tamaris

sue ubedur rus qmarze! rac basili ezosmoZRuarma ar dawera, is me unda giamboT.

mere ki iqamdec mivide, rusma kacma muxlebqveS muTaqa, ro amoido...

RmerTmani, didi kadnierebaa Seni mefeT mefis saqorwino Rame aRwero da mematianeTa

mier dafaruli saidumlo gaumJRavno Tanamedrove qriastian mkiTxvels, sityvac ki

ar dagcdes orbelTa amboxebis, basianis brZolis, trapizonis samefos Seqmnisa da im

drois samoxeleo wyobisa, Tu soflis meurneobis Sesaxeb da yvelafer amis magivrad

`babilonis seniT” daavadebuli rusi kacis ambavi moyve! magram ras izam _ codva

gamxelili sjobs!

axla sarCevi.

qvemoT waikiTxavT: giorgi mesames dakrZalvas, Tamaris gamefebas, mis qorwilsa da

sikvdils, gaecnobiT sue ubeduri rusis biografias, gaigonebT kruxTa kriaxs da

didebulTa, spaspetTa da erisTavTa dabneulobis, sasowarkveTis mowmenic gaxdebiT.

sul bolos ki / anu, pirvel TavSi /, CemTan erTad, saqorwino sarecelis qveS

daudarajdebiT mefeT mefesa da iuris...

kinaRam damaviwyda! sadRac SuaSi, marti mova da moTxrobaSi erTi fisuniac

gamoCndeba. masac ar daadgeba kargi dRe!

ese igi, aqedan iqiT ki ar gadafurcloT - iqidan aqeTo, ara?

hoda, Tu asea, Tamaris sikvdiliT daviwyoT.

qristianebo, Cvens mefeT mefes sikvdilis win Tma dascvenia.

4

...zamTari idga. aTas oras meromeliRace wlis ocdaSvidi ianvari. Tan maSindeli

ocdaSvidi ianvari.

yvelasagan gansxvavebuli, gansakuTrebuli eri ki viyaviT, magram Citi, ise rogorc

sxvagan, zamTarSi aqac ar galobda.

miuxedavad amisa, maT naklebobas maSindel msoflioSi aravin ganicdida, magram ai,

qali-mefeebisa ki ra giTxraT?! jer sad iyo SeSlili xuana, andac barTlomes Ramis

xeldasisxluli kato, CvenTan rom dedakaci ganagebda saxelmwifo saqmeebs!

Tanac, rogor? ukeTesad, rom ar SeiZleba.

magram aTas oras meromeliRace wlis ocdaSvidi ianvari idga da kvdeboda es qali.

kvdeboda, radgan zogjer mefeT mefe qalebic kvdebian.

uTovlo zamTari iyo / yofila ki odesme CvenTan Tovliani zamTari? /, Tovls mTis

wverze Tu SeamCnevdi, imasac unislo amindSi. xandaxan ki wamocrida xolme, magram

ver gaigebdi es Tovli iyo, Tu wvima _ gamWvirvale da haerSive damdnari.

mokled, zamTars koconTan mokuntuli mawanwala finia gaxsenebda mxolod.

magram mefeT mefis sikvdili ki mainc mogvitana aseTma uTovlo zamTarma.

Cveni gamaoxrebeli seni, romelic dRiTi-dRe mZimdeboda, jer kidev zafxulSi

aRmoaCnda Tamars: dauZlurda, kurTxeuli saxe da xel-fexi dausivda, Tma dascvivda

da ra aRar daemarTa, erTi sityviT.

oxeri seniT is adgili Seubilwa satanam, saidanac memkvidre unda gamoegdo Tavis

droze / es ambavi guSin ar momxdara da amitom Tamaris avadmyofobas sens varqmev,

Torem ise saSvilosnos kibo hqonda /.

janmrTelad, rom ar iyo, ar undoda amis gamxela, _ iTmenda, malavda, dumda,

rogorc maSin, iuris dros, ori weliwadi ro uTmina...

mefeT mefe sityvas ar gaucia. gasca saxem _ kurTxeulma, dasiebulma xel-fexma da

siqaClem!

hoda Semokres maSinve zarebs, daiwyes wirva-locva da RamisTeva _ egeba da, rogorme

eSvelos Cvens Tamarso!

magram zogierTi ki ar loculobda, ai amas fiqrobda: TiTqmis ocdaxuTi weliwadia

mefobs da meti raRa undao?!

vinc misi mefobis dasasruls moeswro, dasawyisi aRar axsovda da imitom.

didxansac maSin aravin cocxlobda. xuTi aTeuli weli ukve bevri iyo _ saukuned

iTvleboda.

bolo Tve Tavisi fexiT aRarc uvlia Tamars. sul kuboTi daatarebdnen aqeT-iqiT,

magram es is kubo ki araa, CvenSi sasaxlesac, rom eZaxian, _ es sxva kuboa. saba-

sulxans mousmineT: ese ars qalTa da kacTa Casajdomeli aqlemTa asakidebeli, gina

xeliT satarebeli.

hoda, daawvendnen xolme zed da brZanebebs elodebodnen, is ki dumda. sityvebs

sikvdilisaTvis inaxavda.

mokled, havis aRweriT ganvagrZoT Txroba:

crida. ianvris bolo iyo. ocdameSvide dRe. odindeli saqarTvelos susxi idga

gareT. SigniT ki, sasaxleSi, sasikvdilo sarecelze mefeT mefe iwva _ uTmo,

usityvo, martoxela... Tumca, oci-ocdaaTi kaci ki edga iqve, sul axlos mamao _

patriarqi.

sikvdilis win Tamars xma amouRia da rac sxvebis gasagonad uTqvams, es aris:

`qriste, RmerTo Cemo mxoloo, dausrulebelo meufeo caTa da queyanisao! Sen

Segavedreb samefosa amas, romeli Sen mier merwmuna da ersa amas, patroniTa

sisxliTa SeniTa mosyidulsa da SvilTa amaT CemTa, romelni Sen momcen, da merme

sulsa Cemsa!”

gulSi ki uflisaTvis ase miumarTavs:

`iq miwevs sikvdili, sadac qorwilis pirvel Rames kurTxeuli nayofi unda gamoeRo,

magram Sen ki kargad uwyi ufalo, sinamdvileSi visi pirveli Ramec iyo ese?.. vin

iyo WeSmariti rZali? me _ mefeT mefei saqarTvelosi, Tu...

qvesknelSi moTareSe suls _ rogori ZaRlisgavardnilic ar unda iyos _ ici,

ufalo, rom mainc Segavedreb, magram aris erTi, visi gadarCenac erTxel sikvdils

ar makmarebs da mkvdars, kidev erTxel momklavs!

... iurize mogaxseneb, gvarad bogoliubskize _ sue ubedur rus kacze, im wyeuli

Ramis WeSmarit baton-patronze!

ufalo ieso! aSore gankiTxvis dRes Seni risxva yvela suliers _ mis garda! dee,

saukuno cecxlovanma geenam STanTqas misi ubadruki suli, ar eRirsos...” da a.S.

qali iyo Tamari da mamakacis saqmes akeTebda, bevr mamakacze ukeT, magram mainc

qalurad mokvda. kacurad ar momkvdara. miawyevla viRac, sanam suls dalevda _

RmerTTan daiCivla. yvelas apatia, erTi kacis garda.

es ambavi ki am kaczea.

mefeT mefe aTas oras camet wels gardacvlila. xolo saqarTvelos, rogorc

yovelTvis, leqsad gadmohRvria cremli:

deda qarTlisa Tamari,

bevric vitiroT, sad ari?

mokled, im zamTarze laparaks aq movrCeT. SevisvenoT. mamao Cveno vTqvaT,

vitrapezoT da mere Txrobac ganvagrZoT.

3

axla ricxvebs uyureT:

Tamar mefe xo ocdaSvid ianvars gardaicvala? mamamisi, giorgi mesame ocdaSvid

marts.

mama-Svilis sikvdilis ricxvi yofila es ocdaSvidi.

jer qali arc eTqmoda, roca mama moukvda. Tumca, ukve aRarc bavSvi iyo. iglova,

iloca, magram verc pirveliT wamoayena mama saflavidan da verc meoreTi. bolos,

taxtzec avida. amis Sesaxeb wignebSi reebi wavikiTxe, axlave mogiyvebiT, Zalian

mokled:

Turme, rom morCnen mwuxarebasa da glovas, Seiyarnen didebulebi /SvidTave

samefoTani _ iq ase weria! / da Tamars mamidis piriT SeuTvales, rom man / usmineT!

/ `xel-yos xeliTa mefobasa da kurTxeviTa gvirgvinosan yofad, aRvides, amaRldes

da dajdes saydarTa TvisTa mamaTasa.”

gogonac daTanxmebula, anu `damorCilda pirvelsave brZanebasa aw kadrebulsa

didebulTa SvidTave samefoTasa.”

erTi sityviT, sagangebod Sekrebilma saqarTvelos didebulTa bWobam Rirseulad

Seasrula Tavisi movaleoba da Tamari _ qali mamakacis Tanaswor uflebis Rirsad

scno, gaamefa da ori sapatio mandilosanic miuCina daqalad: xuaSaqi coqali da

kravai jayeli _ momavalSi cnobili dedebi, uwarCinebulesi Wkviani qalebi.

didis ambiT da zeimiT iyo TviT dagvirgvinebis wesi mowyobili. naxeT: `hkres

sperWurTa, bukTa, qosTa da winwilTa da iyo zari da zehimi qalaqsa Sina, sixaruli

da Sueba.”

/ nu daizarebT, xmamaRla waikiTxeT! /

hkres sperWurTa bukTa qosTa da winwilTa da iyo zari da zehimi qalaqsa Sina

sixaruli da Sueba

kacma ar icis, rogor gamoiyureboda maSin Tamari! an xma, rogori hqonda? qarTvel

qalebs, ro xmebi aqvT, albaT iseTi _ sadRac mouqneli da sadRac sasiamovnoc.

ukanali Cavardnili _ anu qarTuli. odnav SesamCnevi RinRli norC saxeze _ esec

qarTuli. janmrTeli Tma da gadabmuli warbebi, rogorc freskazea.

qali taxtze avida! patriarqmac akurTxa. mere cota xniT ganmartovda _ leqsi unda

daewera. mefeebi xo leqsebs werdnen! sityvebi RvTismSobels miuZRvna, im dRes bare

meaTed pirjvari gamoisaxa da xeladve codvaSi Cadga fexi _ saxalxo misani miiRo.

misanic qali gaxkldaT.

SexedeT. maxinjia, ara? ratoa aseTi? avadmyofia da imitom. wignebSi weria:

filenjis seni sWirda da simdable mosdioda, moeReboda ena, xeli da fexio.

Tamars cxvirwin Camoujda, Tavi aitira, Tma aiwewa, aifofra da uaxloesi xuTi

weliwadi Seusveneblad uwinaswarmetyvela. sul tyuilebi, ra Tqma unda. anki misani

marTals ras getyvis _ eSmakeulia!

/ pirjvari gamoisaxeT /

dahpirda _ Tuki vicocxle, xuTi wlis Tavzec moval da, Cveneburad rom vTqvaT,

danarCen xuTwledebsac giwinaswarmetyvelebo.

erTi ki uTxra marTali, magram SemTxveviT, albaT: male gaTxovdebi da pirmSvenieri

qmari geyolebao.

aq SegiZliaT kiTxvas Tavic daaneboT, radgan mere sul iuri ruszea.

2

marTlac, misnis stumrobidan didi dro ar gasula, rom Seikribnen rusudan

dedofali, patriarqi, ramdenime didebuli, erTi-ori erisTavi da gadawyvites, rom

Tama-risaTvis qmari eSovnaT.

qarTvelebi maSinac iseTive Wkuiskolofebi iyvnen, rogorc meTvramete saukuneSi

traqtatze xelismoweris dros da, rogorebic axla arian, hoda gaixed-gamoixedes, -

msoflio, rasakvirvelia, didi iyo, magram arCevani mainc samezobloze, CrdiloeTze

gakeTda. ratom viwvaloT, barem aqveao, ifiqres.

da ai, Cvens ambavSi Semodis mTavari gmiri _ WeSmariti baton-patroni saqarTvelos

mefeT mefe Tamaris saqorwino Ramisa da saSinel codvaSi mxilebuli iuri.

magram amaze qvemoT. jer biografiul cnobebs gavecnoT.

giorgi /iuri/ ufliswuli rostov-suzdalis didi mTavris andrias Svili yofila.

aTas as samocdaTormet wels andria bogoliubskis Tavisi Svili iuri novgorodis

mTavrad gaugzavnia riurikis nacvlad, magram maleve saxelovani didmTavari

ajanyebul boiarebs mouklavT da rostov-suzdalis samTavroSi gabatonebul

druJinis gaerTianebul saTaTbirosac iuri metismetad axalgazrdad miuCnevia

gamTavrebisaTvis. ufliswuli aTas as samocdaTxuTmet wels gamougdiaT

novgorodidan. naxeT, rogor wers rusi mematiane: ` Âûâåäîøà èç Íîâãîðîäà êíÿçÿ Ãþðãèÿ “. es ukanasknelic CrdiloeT kavkaSiaSi gadmoxvewila.

citata akademikosi metrevelis wignidan: `qarTvel didvaWarTa mier aRmoCenili rusi

ufliswuli saqarTvelos didgvarian feodalTa erTi nawilisa da moqalaqeTa

zedafenisaTvis misaRebi unda yofiliyo, radgan darbazis wevrebisaTvis mniSvneloba

hqonda im faqts, rom iuri andias Ze bogoliubski didgvarovani feodali da

marTmadidebeli-qristiani iyo”.

kai marlTmadidebeli gamodgeba _ muxlebqveS muTaqas, ro amoidebs gaognebuli

qalwuli mefeT mefis cxvirwin!

magram es mere. manamde ki:

xom gaxsovT es Tavi rogorc daiwyo? axla igive xalxi unda CamovTvalo.

Seikribnen rusudan dedofali, patriarqi, didebulni da erTi-ori erisTavic.

Seikribnen da Tamars iuri bogoliubskis Sesaxeb acnobes. am suraTs axla

ZvelqarTulad gagicocxlebT:

Tamarma sTqua: kacno, viTar Rirs Seutyuebeli ese qmnad? ara viciT kacisa amis

ucxosa qceva da saqme, arca mxedrobisa, arca bunebisa, da arca qcevisa...

xolo didebulni winaaRudgebodes Tamars, uSvilobasa moaxsenebdes, saxlisa misisa

unayofobasa drtvinavdes.

rusudani: ... iremsa emsgavsebodes saxisa oden mixedviTa.

patriarqi: maS, maS! moymea Turme saxe-kekluci, sruli anagebiTa da saCeni...

ras ifiqrebda rusudani, patriarqi, andac romelime aq mdgomi didebuli, rom

Tamarisa da iuris qorwilis wlisTavze, swored am darbazSi, wvercancara rusi mefe

maT saqonlis ukanalis Sesaxeb dausvamda uxerxul SekiTxvas: xbos ufro wvrili

xvreli aqvs, Tu goWso?

warmoidgineT meTormete-mecamete saukunis brZeni da warCinebuli qarTveloba rusi

ufliswulis winaSe _ eseni amayni, kexiani cxvirebiT, magram sagonebelSi

Cavardnilni, is ki mcqmutavi, sxarti pasuxis molodinSi.

magram jer esec adrea. jer arc ki icnoben Tamari da iuri erTmaneTs.

Tamari jer xuaSaqisa da kravaisaa.

_ didad guariani yofilao, _ eubneboda loyebSewiTlebul Tamars kravai, _ da

saxiTaca ara umarjui!

es iyo _ momiteveT uxeSi SedarebisaTvis _ qarTuli saWorao skolis renesansi, Tu

dabadeba ara.

taxtze migorebuli sami qarTveli qali!

maT dialogs axla Cveulebrivi qarTuliT ganvagrZob, raTa arc Tqven gawvaldeT

kiTxvisas da arc me werisas.

_ Tuki novgorodidan gamoagdes, aRar gvindixaro, Cvens Tamars raSi waadgeba misi

coloba? _ xuaSaqma Tqva.

_ marTlmadidebeli iyos da sul ar gvinda misi... rognodovi! _ gaicina kravaim, _

WeSmariti qristiani isaa, vinc uTvistomoa... romelmac arc saxli icis da arc kari,

arc mSobeli da arc da-Zma.

_ mSobelze uari, rogor unda Tqva? _ aRSfoTda xuaSaqi _ ras ambob, qalo?..

_ me ki ara, ufali ambobs! _ kravaim Tamars gadaxeda, _ me ras mijavrdeba, erTi

vicode?!

rac Seexeba sasiZos, mis Camosayvanad saeWvo Rirsebebis mqone Tbiliseli didvaWari

zanqan zorababeli gaigzavna. swored am zanqan zorababelTan erTad gamoemarTa iuri

sacolesaken, romelsac pirvelive Rames uRalatebda.

qristianebo! xalxo! ubeduro qarTvelebo! iciT ki visTan giRalataT rusma iurim?

iciT. pirvel Tavs xom gadaxedeT? magram veraferi gaigeT, ara?! hoda momyeviT. me

jojoxeTis karamde migyvebiT, danarCeni ki Tqven iciT.

Tamars nanaxi ar hyavda iuri da ukve uyvarda, rogorc es samxreTel qalebs

sCveviaT xolme. mTeli Tve masze fiqrobda da rac ufro axlovdeboda iuris

Camosvlis dRe, miT ufro naklebs laparakobda. ase icoda _ raime mniSvnelovanis

moaxloebis win sityvebs kruxiviT ajda. sikvdilis winac ase ar iyo? ori weliwadi

xma ar amouRia. bolos Tqva mxolod raRac locvismagvari da iuric miawyvela, esec

TavisTvis, gulSi.

mis warmodgenaSi Seqmnil russ mxolod simaRle daemTxva, Tu SeiZleba ase iTqvas,

originalisa. aseTi naTeli feris mamakaci da, saerTod, adamiani manamde arsad enaxa

Tamars. ki icoda, rom CrdiloeTSi TeTri xalxi cxovrobda, magram egeTi fiTqina,

lamis oqrosi, yviTel RinRlSi gaxveuli bavSvi /radgan iuri bavSvs ufro hgavda,

vidre mamakacs!/, Tuki sadme arsebobda, arc ki gaegona.

warmoidgineT xalxiT gavsebuli darbazi. ramdenadac SegiZliaT, warmoidgineT

mdidrulad morTuli qarTuli samefo sasaxle. muxlmoyrili oqros kaci, lamazi ki

ara, am gansxvavebulobiT saxieri iuri da taxtze dabrZanebuli Tamar mefe _

varZiis freskaze roa gamosaxuli, andac iseTi, rogorsac axla me aRvwer:

`giSrisTvalebi ambobdnen, rom eSiniaT; wamwamebi ambobdnen, rom rcxveniaT;

margalitis kbilebi ambobdnen, rom uxariaT; guli ki ambobda, rom uyvars...”

rusi? rusic sasiamovno sanaxavi iyo:

maRal-maRali, ucnaurad grZeli fexebiTa da Waobisferi ugugo TvalebiT. kiseri

marTlac, rom irmisa hqonda da, saerTodac, irems hgavda _ dagrexili rqebiRa

aklda mxolod.

iuris saxeldaxelod eswavla, ramdenime qarTuli sityva, zorobabelma uTxra,

qarTvelebs esiamovnebaTo. kerZod: genacvale, Cito-grito da xaCapuri.

ori wlis manZilze, rac iuri da carica tamara / sxvaTaSoris, ase pirvelad

swored iurim mimarTa Cvens mefeT mefes / erTad cxovrobdnen, gvirgvinosanma qmarma

sakmarisze meti qarTuli sityva iswavla. marTalia, y-s magivrad k-s ambobda da T-s

magivrad zemoT araerTxel gamoyenebul aso t-s, magram laparaki aSkarad SeeZlo. da

ara Tu laparaki, werac! oRond, amazec qvemoT.

gacnobidan mesame dRis saRamos iurim siyvaruli qarTulad auxsna Tamars,

rasakvirvelia, mamidisa da patriarqis TandaswrebiT. sityvebis dazepirebas ki

zustad ocdaeqvsi saaTi moandoma.

isev warmoidgineT taxtrevanze dabrZanebuli Tamari, romlis winaSec

muxlmodrekili saqmro siyvarulad iRvreba:

_ Citi caSi daprinavs, CianCvela micaze dagogavs, tevzi zgvaSi dacuravs, bakaki

ckalSi kikinebs, adamians ki adamiani ukvars. gmerTma sikvarulisatvis gaaCina igi da

amit ganaskvava ckovelisagan. carica tamar! miigeT es dJvari niSnad Cveni

sikvarulisa!

maTi qorwilis aRsawerad me arc niWi meyofa da arc ostatoba, amitom jobia, rom

isev mematianes movusminoT.

ai, rogori yofila Tamar mefisa da rusi iuris qorwili:

`iqmna qorwili saxe-daudebeli da igav-miuwvdomeli, simravleni saxeobaTani,

ZRunobani da niWebani TvalTani da margalitTani, oqroWedilTa da uWedelTani,

simdidreTa da larTa kerulTa da ukerelTani, msgefsamdi sixaruli, Sueba da

ZRunobani...”

ratomRac istoriam sue ubedurad iuri monaTla da ara Cveni Tamari, am dros

piriqiT ki unda yofiliyo, Cemi azriT. Tamars xom uyvarda iuri? uyvarda.

sikvdilamde? ra vici. sikvdilamde ki axsovda da! iuris ki ara, ar uyvarda. anki,

rogor SeiZleba, rom hyvareboda _ Tamari xo adamiani iyo! ra ki ara _ vin.

axaldaqorwinebulebi ori kviriT erTmaneTs daaSores, radgan es ori kvira - didi

marxvis bolo ori kvira iyo. TamarisaTvis saukunesaviT gaiwela es dro. didi

xuTSabaTio, wiTeli paraskevio.. ara da ar daadga saSveli aRdgomis dilis

gaTenebas!

rac Seexeba iuris, dro mas namdvilad ar daukargavs. imarxula, bolo kvira wyalze

da purze iyo da imdeni qarTuli sityva iswavla am ToTxmet dReSi, rom erT

saRamosac, raRac saocari aRmafreniT Sepyrobilma furcels miaSura da gonebaSi

mosuli azri leqsad gariTma:

romelman Seqmna samyaro ZaliTa miT ZlieriTa...

ha, guli xom ar gauskda vinmes? es vixumre. xumroba ki aq unda morCes. mere sul

cremlebia.

1

winaswarmetyveli ieremia ambobs: vkurnobdiT babilonsa da ara ganikurnao.

mec amaze mogaxsenebT.

magram jer, Tu nebas momcemT, awmyos cota xniT Tavs davanebeb da TqvenTan erTad,

warsulsa da momavalSi gaviseirneb.

Tamari ori wlis Semdeg gandevnis iuris, isic orjer SemoiWreba saqarTveloSi

taxtis dasabruneblad, magram orjerve ukan gaagdeben. es yvelam icis. amitom ar

gavimeoreb. sad da rodis mokvda iuri bogoliubski, amas aravin ambobs da mec, Tu

nebas damrTavT, TqvenTvis mis sikvdils ar gamovigoneb. magram me giambobT ambavs

sruliad ususuri da saxelgatexili cxovelis Sesaxeb, romlis saxelis gafuWebac

swored Cvens iuris ukavSirdeba.

marTalia, rusi ufliswulis mier Sercxvenili amqveynad bevri dadioda, magram me

mainc am patara fisunias ambavi varCie.

iuri jer kidev novgorodSi cxovrobda mamasTan erTad, rodesac erTma warCinebulma

boiarma mas cxrabewviani Cinuri kata aCuqa.

rogorc cnobilia, katas cxra sicocxle aqvs. es fiso ki, amJamad, Tavis mexuTe

sicocxles gadioda.

fiso iyo mediduri, zanti da amayi. iuric mas metismetad SeeCvia. ise ar daiZinebda,

gverdiT rom ar moewvina. saxelad ras daarqmevda mixvdebodiT, albaT: vasias, ra

Tqma unda!

vasia sad aris? vasiam Tu gaiRviZa? vasiam Tu Wama? esRa adardebda mxolod patara

ufliswuls. uyurebda biWis garTobas didmTavari andreic da uxaroda - kargia, rom

cxovelebi uyvars, radgan adamaianebi siyvarulis Rirsni arc ariano!

magram martis Tve rom movida, kata Wirveuli gaxda. knaoda, ifxoreboda da, raRa

dagimaloT, iuris garda yvelas porWynida.

erTxelac iurim misi damSvideba scada. Zvirfasi oTxfexa Tavis saZinebelSi Seiyvana,

muxlebze daisva da fereba dauwyo. kata kataa, meTormete saukuneSic da

ocdameerTeSic, hoda Tvalebi minaba da krutuns mohyva.

karga xans efereboda ase iuri katas. cxovelmac krutuns umata da ufliswulic

SesamCnevad SewiTlda.

vasia frTxilad moabruna, kudi auprixa da...

im dRes mexuTed momkvdara da meeqvsed dabadebula Cinuri fiso!

diliT ukana fexebs iTrevda mxolod. es iyo da es. koWlobda. ifiqres, iurim

awvalao, magram Zneli iyo amis dajereba - iurize mosiyvarule bavSvs ver moZebnidi

mTels maSindel novgorodSi.

didi araferi, magram rusma xalxma es ambavi istorias mainc Semounaxa.

mokled, kata iqiT iyos Tavisi cxrave sicocxliT da Cven isev Cvens moTxrobas

davubrundeT.

Tamari orjer eziara marxvis bolo kviras. did xuTSabaTsac da TviT aRdgomis

dilasac. brwyinvale Svideulis mesame dRes ki mamidisagan iuris mzadyofnis Sesaxeb

euwya.

Tamari, rogorc amas wesi da rigi moiTxovda, swored mamidasTan erTad miegeba

Zvirfas meuRles. rusudan dedofalmac, aseve wesisamebr, locva-locviT aiqviTina

Tavi da iuris Sublze eambora.

/ qristianebo! pirjvari gamoisaxeT - is Rame daiwyo /

rogorc iqna, col-qmari marto darCa. qarTveli coli da rusi qmari.

Tamarma locva daiwyo da iuris zurgi Seaqcia, magram maleve mixvda, rom RmerTTan

gulisamoReba axla sruliad zedmeti iyo. iuri imden xans idga gaunZrevlad, rom

mefeT mefes eWvi gauCnda - esec, CemsaviT ucodveli kravi xom ar ariso?! magram

male gaefanta es STabeWdilebac. iurim moixsna gvirgvini, mkerdidan jvari da

welidan qamari. am xmaze Tamari iurisaken Semobrunda da mis Sublze oflis wveTebi

SeamCnia. amanac, sanam qarTul Coxas gaixdida, Tamars qarTuladve mimarTa:

- carica tamar, gaixade.

saerTod, qarTvels dia uxaria, rodesac ucxoeli mis enaze codvilobs, arc

SeniSvnebs iZleva iuris TanamemamulesaviT - esa da es sityva, ase ki ar unda geTqva,

iseo, - magram Tamari, ratomRac SeaSina qmris danjRreulma qarTulma - Cveuli

aRfrTovaneba ar gamouwvevia mis carica tamar gaixade-s, Tumca gvirgvini, iurisaze

orjer ufro didi, manac moixsna da ai, sadRa dado, ukve veRar daimaxsovra, radgan

iuri-rusma swrafi moZraobiT CaiZro kvarTiviT daxveuli amxanagi da mefeT mefes

winaSe, lamisaa muxlamde dakidebuli vardisferi sarcxvinebliT warsdga.

mefeT mefemac Tvalebze xelebi aifara da rac mere moxda, veRar dainaxa - mxolod

igrZno.

cxeli sunTqva iurisa, sadRac Zalian axlos, mere ki gayinuli, mousvenari TiTebi

mis sxeulze.

da maSin, roca egona, rom SiSisagan sikvdils erTi wamiRa aSorebda, yurSi kvlav

Caesma qmris xma, dRes ukve meored: - Èçâèíè Òàìàð, íå ìîãó. rusi taxtze gadagorda, moCvarul sarcxvinebelze Coxa waifara da imdeni cremli

gadmoyara Tvalebidan, rom gegoneboda viRacas glovobso.

mefeT mefem Tvalebi gaaxila, magram tuCebi ki mokuma. ganrisxda? gabrazda? gaibuta,

anu? ra moxda, ro gasabuti?! gasabuti win eloda. maS Seecoda? ise rogorc

gamocdil qalebs ecodebaT maTTan misuli pirtitvela da facifuca biWunebi? mere

da, romeli gamocdili qali Tamari iyo?

igi gaunZrevlad iwva, jansaRi Tma mxrebze gadaefina da warbebsSoris sibrazis

naoWi gasCenoda.

Tamari fiqrobda.

ra unda uyos axla am ucxo kacs?

am cremlebisaTvis xom ar dasjis?

gaagdebs? ara. TavisTan daitovebs mainc. or, sam, ha xuT dRes daacdis, jandabas erT

Tves - iqneb rame eSvelos?!

da Tuki araferi eSveleba /ra sWirs, ro?/... taxtis memkvidre? Tamaris gvirgvinosani

Svili? vinme didebulTan xom ar gaaCens malulad? dros ver moixelTebs -

weliwadSi oTxi marxvaa. RmerTs sad daemaleba?

ara, ara, urCevnia Zala moikribos, gvirgvini isev Tavze daidgas da jvarcmis winaSe

mowiwebiT moiyaros muxli, radgan ukeTess, rogorc atyobs, am RamiT, verafers

izams.

Tamari wamodgomas apirebda, rom moulodnelad iuri wamoimarTa. mefeT mefes

uneburad eWvic ki gauCnda - erTi Tve ki ara, mosaxdeni, RvTis SewevniT, albaT

dResve moxdebao, magram nuras ukacravad - iuri wamodga, qarTuli Coxa mxrebze

moixura da Tqva: - Òàê íåëüçÿ, Òàìàð... âñå-òàêè áðà÷íàÿ íî÷ü! da gareTA gatantalda.

pirvelad Tavis sicocxleSi Tamarma ar icoda, ra eqna. gakideboda? dalodeboda?

... magram iuri maleve dabrunda. Waobisferi Tvalebi ucinoda, piri ki sacodavad

moeRrica, TiTqos ori adamiani gaerTianebuliyo erTSi.

gasaxmob xelSi ki saqorwino Ramis WeSmriti patarZali eWira.

... kruxi, qristianebo!

Tamars tuCebi moekuma - es ukve iTqva, magram minda, rom aseTi Tamari kargad

daimaxsovroT.

javaxiSvili wers: mefeT mefem ori weliwadi uTmina iuris, mere ki darbazis winaSe

warsdga da bogoliubskis eqsoriaqmna - gaZeveba moiTxovao. iuric maSinve gaugdiaT

saqarTvelodan, mravali ZRveniT datvirTuli.

basili ezosmoZRuaris TqmiT ki Tamars ase miumarTavs darbazisaTvis: `...ara jer ars

mis Tana daTmena, rameTu Semaginebel ars taZrisa RmrTisa. da me ara miZlavs

aCrdilsa mrudisa xisasa ganmarTvad da ubralod ganviyri mtuersaca, romeli

aRmekra mis mier.”

im Rames davubrundeT. gavCerdiT iq, iuris xelSi kruxi, rom eWira, romelic

saqorwino Ramis WeSmarit patarZlad movixsenieT.

Tamari xom gaxsovT, pirmomuwuli da enaCavardnili?

hoda, aqedan ganvagrZoT:

iurim Coxa taxtze miagdo, muTaqa Zirs dado da muxlic moiyara, afarTxalebuli

kruxi ki...

danarCens ZvelqarTulad movyvebi, meti damajereblobisaTvis:

`...kruxsa ki ubedursa, mosakveTi xeliTa, romelsaca ewodebis marcxena, orad

gardauxsna kari jojoxeTisa da ra igrZno mxurvalebai geenisa, ara dayovnebiTa,

aramed kurdRelebri siswrafiTa durTna da durTna!”

da es yvelaferi mefeT mefis Tvalwin!

rusis mier naCuqari jvari ki Tamars muWSi moeqcia.

/mkiTxvelo, ufalo Segviwyalen - aTjer! /

rusma kacma kruxTan gviRalata!

Tamari, rogorc iciT, ori weliwadi uTmenda iuris. uTmenda ki ara, Turme misi

gankurnebac ucdia. Sav berebTan miuyvania, monasterSic ki daumwyvdevia, magram xom

gagigoniaT, mglis Tavze saxarebas kiTxulobdneno!

iuric cremlad iRvreboda, fics iZleoda, rom Tamars aRarasodes uRalatebda –

rom es, mxolod da mxolod, wamieri garToba iyo da sxva raferi, `ß æå òåáÿ ëþáëþ, öàðèöà Òàìàð!” magram gavidoda erTi-ori dRe da mas kvlav goWebis, kruxebisa da Txebis

garemocvaSi poulobdnen.

erTxel, rogorc ukve movyevi, didebulebsac hkiTxa: xbos ufro wvrili xvreli

aqvs, Tu goWso.

sakvirveli ki is aris, rom gaZevebis Semdeg, iuri Cvens qveyanaSi orjer SemoWrila

da naxevari saqarTvelo Tu ara, yovelSemTxvevaSi, qarTvel Tavad-aznaurTa didi

nawili mis gverdiT damdgara – maT rusisa ufro sjerodaT, vidre Tamar mefis!

rac Seexeba Tamaris meore qmars – os ufliswul daviT soslans, isic aseve didad

guariani da saxiTaca ara umarjui yofila.

Tamari mas qaliSvilad Cabarda da ori Svilic gauCina.

im kruxs ki, visTanac iurim saqarTvelos mefeT mefes uRalata, jadosnuri oqros

kvercxi daudia, romlidanac sul mokle xanSi, novgorodis didmTavris, andria

bogoliubskis SviliSvili gamoCekila.

0

Tavisufali zona

konfliqti, xelovneba, Semoqmedeba

tusiaÿberiZe

adamianma erTxel dakarga yvelaferi: pirvelad orma adamianma haeri gakveTa xelis

moZraobiT, akrZalulis aRebiT, xelis win gaSveriT survilisaken, momavlisaken,

codvisaken. es is moZraobaa, romelmac usasrulo wamSi asaxa kacobriobis udidesi

danakargi. swored am moqmedebam da adamianis dacemam aaSena tvini, manve azri, manve

civilizacia, manve azris zemoqmedeba - dacemuli cnobiereba adamianisa, romelmac

igrZno danakargi da mixvda, rom Tuki mas ar Seswevs unari imisa, rom miiRos

srulyofili da masSi daimkvidros adgili, maSin mas unda gaaCndes unari

srulyofisken swrafvisa. erTma moZraobam gamoiwvia pirveladi formulis

destruqcia da masSi Seitana sagnebisa da ricxvebis logikuri sqemiT gadanacvleba,

romelsac kanonzomiereb ewodeba. destruqciam aago tvini - cixe-simagre - mediumi -

Sua centri - noli - romelic Tavis TavSi atarebs erTmaneTis gadamkveT da

ganmaviTarebel or udidess xsovnas: pirveli, xsovnas im didi danakargisa da mTel

mis mankierebas da meore - dakarguli srulyofis sinanuls da misgan warmoqmnis

siyvaruls. kanonzomiereba, romelic erTaderTi ucvleli da RvTaebrivi kanonia

mTel kanonebSi mowmea imisa, rom Tuki adamians unda da SeuZlia dakarguli

sisrulis mopoveba, aucilebelia evolucia - upirveles yovlisa im sqemisa da

struqturis daxvewa da ganviTareba, romelic arbitria nebismier ors Soris: ori

epoqis, ori adamianis, sawyissa da mis Semdgom etapebs Soris. adamianma daxeda

fexebs, romlebic ajaWvebdnen miwasTan - pirvel sibrtyesTan romelic TvalSi eca.

meore sibrtye iyo is, rac mis irgvliv imyofeboda - mravali saxis materia. mesame

sibrtye gaxda ca. misi samkvidrebelia miwasa da maRali cis Soris, adamianma igrZno

sakuTari Tavi. ori polusis Sua - centri. adamianma martivad Seiswavla pirveli

ori sibrtye - miwa da materia. man daiwyo cisken swrafva, imisaken rac dakarga.

danaxva imisa rac uaryavi, misi xelaxla sinanuliT miReba da Seyvareba raRac etapze

axlad dabadebis tolfasia. es waagavs im cnobier dabadebas, romlis gareSec ver

xedav saocrebas da viTardebi imisaken, rom is verasodes dainaxo. imdenad ramdenadac

ganviTareba win, zeviT svlas niSnavs, is aseve SeiZleba qveviT, gadagvarebuli

fesvebisaken, miwisken iyos.

adamianma aaSena kedeli imisaTvis, rom Tavi daecva im didi tragediis gaxsenebisgan,

romelic SemdgomSi misi yvela ubedurebis safuZvelSi poulobda sawyiss da es

dacvis koncefcia TiTqmis organul da Tandayolil movlenad aqcia. es cixe-simagre

iyo individi, romelmac yvelaze pragmatul da yvelaze sulier, RvTaebriv

wertilebs Soris daawesa saarsebo da samoZrao gzebi raTa gza gaekvlia

qvesknelidan ciuramde. gza gaekvlia im didi sociumisaTvis, romelic materiasTan

axlos arsebobda da mxolod mas emxroboda. individualizmma aaSena zustad imdeni

ramdenic daangria. yovel SemTxvevaSi man ganapiroba etapobrivi winsvla da ukusvla.

man Seqmna xelovneba rogorc gzis sakveTi iaraRi da WeSmaritebis sazomi erTeuli.

martivi erTeuli, romelic iqneba mematiane da magaliTi WeSmaritebisa sxvadasxva

formiT, moculobiT da siZlieriT, raTa gavlena iqonios da daTrgunos sistema da

misgan warmoqmnili precedenti. amave dros xelovneba SeiZleba aisaxos rogorc

gadamkveTi xazi materialursa da suliers Soris. zustad is faqti, rom xelovneba

ase axlos dgas orivesTan, metyvelebs mis integrirebul bunebasa da unarTvisebaze

moaxdinos zemoqmedeba erTsa da meoreze.

dasawyisSi adamianma moikveTa sakuTari Tavi, da xelovneba [sulieri sixSireebis

radio mimRebad] aqcia. amgvari adamiani gadioda zneobriv adaptacias bolomde

uTmobda Tavs xelovnebas, Zalauneburad sistemas ecleboda da misi mteri xdeboda.

amitom es adamiani da misi Tanamoazreni qmnidnen disonans im instanciebsa da

sazogadoebaSi, romelic zecas brtylad xedavda da amaoebas qadagebda. amgvarma

ganxeTqilebam safuZveli Cauyara saR konfliqts, romelic iyo da aris konfliqti

zneobrivi, Rrma da saukunovani - romlis gareSec sazogadoeba didi xnis win

marginalizaciasa da kidev erT fatalur destruqcias ganicdida.

saRi xelovneba WeSmaritebisaken miuTiTebs, WeSmariteba ki usasrulo

siyvarulisaken. aseTi kosmiuri sivrceebis mediumi - adamiani, martod mdgomi

erTeulia. erTeulia imitom, rom matarebelia kosmosisa da exeba materias,

romlisTvisac is ucxoa, romelmac is gakicxa da moikveTa. amgvarad adamiani

vertikaluri da horizontaluri sivrceebis kveTis centri da momrigebelia.

WeSmariti xelovneba, saRi konfliqtis meSveobiT, harmoniasa da erTsulovnebas

ayalibebs. ufro swored rom vTqvaT, is zeinformacias miwier, fizikur formas

aZlevs. xelovani ver iqneba neitraluri, misi mTavari sakvebi mainc miwa da masze

arsebuli procesebia, radganac igi aq, miwaze eZieba da xvews azrsa da sityvas.

Semoqmedi aqtiuri wevria saerTo sivrcisa, romelSic is axorcielebs samSvidobo

reformebs - amyarebs da SemdgomSi aqveynebs, gadmoscems kavSirs [qvesa da ze-s]

Soris da Targmnis im saTqmels romelic aq aris, Cvens irgvliv - usasrulo

saTnoeba da misi uSreti resursi.

nebismieri konfliqturi Sejaxeba an ukusvla adamianis gareT, Sejaxebaa mis SigniT.

sakuTari erTxel dacemuli bunebis gamo igi ukeTesisaken iswrafvis; sulieri an

materialuri siZlierisaken. aseTi miswrafebis dros konfliqti auarebeli da

gardauvalia. igi exmareba adamians ganazogados da maStabSi aCvenos Tavis TavSi

arsebuli uTanxmoeba da miuTiTos mSvidobasa da harmoniaze, rac uwinaresi pirobaa

bednierebisaTvis da romelic kidev erTxel usvams xazs adamianuri bunebis

uzenaesobas.

“siyvarulis doqtrina”

irakli kakabaZe

dRevandel dRes Zalian bevrs lapa-rakoben imaze, aris Tu ara gamosavali rom

qveynis Sida da sagareo politika aigos metnaklebad zneobriv farglebSi. imaze Tu

ramdenad aris SesaZlebeli namdvili damou-kidebloba, adamianTa Soris

Tanasworuflebiani urTierTobani, ekonomikuri keTildReoba mosax-leobis did

nawilSi. samwuxarod, am bolo aTwleulSi Cvens sazogadoebaSi gavrcelda metad

pesimisturi da xSir SemTxvevaSi fata-listuri warmodgenebi ara mxolod saqar-

Tvelosa da saqarTvelos moqalaqeebis momavlis Sesaxeb, aramed saerTod adamianebis

bunebis saocari borotebis Sesaxeb. es post-egzis-tencialuri isteria, romelic

dasavleTSi da aRmosavleTSi ukve karga xania rac damTavrda dRes CvenTan TiTqos

dogmad iqca. yvelaze saintereso isaa, rom egzistencialistebisa da maTi

Tanamedrove filosofosebis naSromebze apelirebas xSir SemTxvevaSi axdenen an

pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT kriminalebi, an ki komunisturi partaparatis (igive

sabWouri nomenklaturis) maRalCinosani wevrebi, romelTac dResac miTvisebuli aqvT

saqarTveloSi arsebuli qonebis udidesi nawili. sainteresoa, ra saerTo SeiZleba

hqondeT Jan pol sartrs, simona de bovuas, martin haidegers da sxva did filoso-

fosebs da meores mxriv sazogadoebis yvelaze uzneo nawils, romelic usircxvilod

acxadebs rom am cxovrebaSi moparva aris cxovrebis erTaderTi wesi. pasuxi SeiZleba

martivi iyos: cxovrebaze pesimisturi Sexeduleba da urwmu-noba adamianis sikeTeSi

metad gamosadegi iaraRia im adamianTaTvis, visac sakuTari Zaladobis gamarTleba

surs. es Zaladoba SeiZleba iyos pirdapiri (parlamentis wevrebis gataceba,

terorizmi, Zarcva, politikuri mkvlelobebi), struqturuli (mkveTri uTanasworoba

mosax-leobis sxvadasxva fenebs Soris simdidrisa da Zalauflebis mxriv), an ki

kulturuli (maga-liTad qalebis an ebraelebis klasifikacia, rogorc

arasrulfasovani arsebebisa da amisaTvis kulturuli Rirebulebebis moxma-reba). am

SemTxvevaSi oligarqebis, kriminalebis, SeiaraRebuli dajgufebebis arseboba yovlad

gamarTlebulia, radganac ar arsebobs adamia-nuri alternativa. aseTi

msoflmxedvelobis mixedviT adamiani xom eSmakis mier Seqmnili arse-baa da amitomac

yvela arazneobrivi saqcieli gamarTlebulia. xSir SemTxvevaSi es saxelmwifo Tu

kerZo kriminalebi maT mier moparuli da miTvisebuli Tanxis raRac procents

axmaren eklesiebis mSeneblobas da amiT cdiloben gamoisyodon danaSauli. eklesiebis

MmSeneblo-baSi, ra Tqma unda, cudi araferia, magram im doqtrinas da

msoflmxedvelobas, romliTac es Cveni sxvadasxva saxis qurdebi (kanonieri Tu

ukanono) cxovroben da sxvebsac acxov-reben, me sikvdilis filosfias vuwodebdi.

sikvdilis filosofiis mixedviT, adamia-nebs Soris yovelTvis iqneba Zaladoba,

radganac yvelasaTvis sakmarisi resursebi Tu Zalauf-leba ar arsebobs bunebaSi.

maSinac ki Tuki resursebis problemis mogvareba moxerxda, sikvdilis filosofiis

an “realpolitikis” mimdevrebi amtkiceben rom adamianebs arasdros ar hyofniT

Zalaufleba. ai am daSvebis sawinaaRm-degod, moqmedebs konfliqtebis mogvarebis

filosofia, romelsac sxvagvarad me siyvarulis doqtrinas vuwodebdi. es

filosofia Tavis mxriv amtkicebs rom ar aris aucilebeli resursebi da

Zalaufleba yovelTvis arasakmarisad iyos. piriqiT, resursebis ukmarisobis daZleva

dRevandel dRes SesaZlebelia. rac Seexeba Zalauflebas , is iseTi ram aris, rom

Cvens warmodgenaSi arsebobs mxolod.

siyvarulis doqtrinas erTdroulad bevri avtori hyavs. misi avtori yoveli

CvenTagani SeiZleba iyos. misi wanamZRvrebi ki mocemulia did religiur swavlebebSi,

xelov-nebis nawarmoebebSi da mecnierul da filoso-fiur naSromebSi. marto

beThovenis mecxre simfonia SeiZleba iyos himni aseTi moZRvrebisa.

rac ar unda amtkicon oponentebma am qveyanaze mainc arsebobs siyvaruli, adamianebs

Soris Tanaswori urTerTobani, da resursebis gadanawilebis samarTliani gza. amis

magaliTebi dRevandel msoflioSic gvaqvs (ara marto civilizebuli Crdilo

evropuli qveynebi, aramed samxreT aRmosavluri qveyana singapu-ric, laTino

amerikuli kosta rikac da a.S.) da istoriaSic. amis mokvleva SeiZleba sufTa

mecnieruli gziTac da wminda emociuradac. yvelaze TvalsaCino empiriuli da amave

dros emociuri sabuTic amisa aris is rom adamianebis umravlesobas elemetarulad

ar siamovnebs Zaladobis mdgomareobaSi yofna, radganac es yovelTvis gaumarTlebel

riskTan aris dakavSi-rebuli.

samarTliani sazogadoebis Seqmnis Se-saZlebloba ukve Zveli humanisturi ideaa. amaSi

eWvis Setana ki TavisTavad antihumanizmia. arsebobis ufleba albaT yvela

Tvalsazriss aqvs. arsebobs kulturuli relativizmis gavrcelebuli

Tvalsazrisebic. skepticizms Tavisi mravali qvakuTxedi gaaCnia. magram konf-

liqtebis mogvareba albaT calsaxad huma-nisturi poziciaa.

dRes, postmoderul epoqaSi, siyva-rulis filosofia albaT arc memarcxene da arc

memarjvene msoflmxedvelobaa. is uyris Tavs erTad sakacobrio azrovnebaSi

dagrovil pozitiur gamocdilebas. da es pozitiuri gamocdileba aris yvela saxis

naazrevSi. siyvarulis doqtrina aucileblad unda iyos mTliani, romelic

orientacias pirvel rigSi adamianze aiRebs. am doqtrinis mamoZravebeli elementi ar

aris arc didi mTavrobebi da arc didi korporaciebi, arc teqnikuri progresis

sruli uaryofa da arc misi gafetiSeba, arc sruli TviTizolacia da arc

kosmopolitizmis afetiSeba, arc mebrZoli aTeizmi da arc religiuri

fundamentalizmi. ZiriTadi samizne swored adamianSi Zevs. misi mimarTeba samya-

rosadmi, socialuri garemosadmi da sxva individebisadmi. es aris is mTavari RerZi,

romelic saSualebas mogvcems movnaxoT gasaRebi Cveni urTierTobebisa.

doqtori bartoni metad saintereso pasuxebs gvcems im kiTxvebze, romlebsac

kacobrioba mTeli Tavisi arsebobis manZilze svams. is metad samarTlianad svams

kiTxvas: nuTu SeuZlebelia rom adamianebis yvelaze Zireuli moTxovnilebebi

dakmayofildes? nuTu aucilebelia, rom kacobriobis didi nawili iyos daTrgunuli

da Cagruli? nuTu aucile-belia rom dRevandeli msoflio kriminalebis mier iyos

marTuli kriminaluri principebiT?

dRevandel saerTaSoriso politikaSi samwuxarod kriminaluri principebiT

vxelmZRva-nelobT, sadac didi da Zlieri saxelmwifoebi Tavis nebas axveven mcire

saxelmwifoebs. uSiSroebis sabWoc xom swored am erovnuli darvinizmis princips

amkvidrebs. aqedan gamom-dinare, Zalian didia frustracia da ukmayo-fileba patara

saxelmwifoebis mxridan. amis Sedegad Cven xSirad gvaqvs saqme terorizmTan da

ZaladobasTan. magram individualur tero-rizmze kidev ufro saSiSia is

saxelmwifoebrivi Tu korporatiuli terori, romelSiac sxva-dasxva saxelmwifoebi

Tu transnacionaluri korporaciebi amyofeben kacobriobis oTx mexuTeds mainc.

SeuZlebelia Tu ara am struq-turuli uTanasworobis gadalaxva. siyvarulis

doqtrinis Tanaxmad es sulac ar aris SeuZ-lebeli. sikvdilis filosofia ki

swored am ukmarisobis SegrZnebas emyareba. es aris fun-damenturi sxvaoba am or

doqtrinas Soris.

saerTaSoriso politikaSi doqtori bartonisa da misi Tanmoazreebis azriT

erovnuli darvinizmis alternativa arsebobs. da es alternativa Tanasworuflebiani

msoflio Tanamegobrobaa, sadac Zlierisa da sustis uflebebi Tanabradaa daculi da

saxelmwifos siZlieres ar gansazRvravs misi birTvuli SeiaraRebis potenciali an

sulac mosaxleobis aRricxva. saSinao politikaSi ki socialuri darvinizmis

alternativa arsebobs. es maSin xdeba Tu Cven sayovelTao wanamZRvrad ar miviRebT

nulovani jamis TamaSs, sadac winaswar gansazRvrulia, rom Zalaufleba da resur-

sebi yvelasaTvis sakmarisi ar aris.

siyvarulis doqtrina marqsizmisagan gansxvavebiT ar amdablebs cnobierebis rols.

cnobiereba adamianuri cxovrebis mniSvnelovani nawilia da xSirad ganapirobebs

kidec mate-rialur realobas. umetes SemTxvevaSi ukmari-soba swored cnobierebis

nayofia da ara realuri cifrebisa. amis magaliTad SeiZleba is gamodges rom gaeros

ganviTarebis programis 1998 wlis saSualo moacemebiT mTels msoflioSi SimSilis,

mwvave epidemiebisa da reproduqciuli problemebis mogvarebisaTvis saWiro iyo

daaxloebiT 40 miliardi amerikuli dolari weliwadSi, maSin rodesac marto

“maikroso-ftis” prezidentis piradi qoneba am Tanxaze orjer meti iyo.

transnacionalur korpora-ciebSi arsebuli mogebuli Tanxa dRes gacile-biT metia,

vidre resursebis ukmarisobis dasa-Zlevi saxsrebis raodenoba. magram xSir Sem-

TxvevaSi Cven swored Cveni cnobierebis wyalobiT xelovnurad vqmniT resursebisa

Tu Zalauflebis ukmarisobas da Sesabamisad Zala-dobriv konfliqts.

siyvarulis doqtrina Ria wignia, romelSiac axali Tavis Cawera yvela adamia-

nisaTvis SesaZlebelia. am wignis mTavari mizani swored is aris rom am qveyanaze

SesaZlebelia samarTliani sazogadoebis aSeneba, sadac moparva, Zala-doba da Cagvra

aucilebeli moTxovnebi ar aris. amis gakeTebis struqturuli gze-bic arsebobs da

yvela kulturaSi didia ase-Ti sazogadoebis Seqmnis potenciali. ubra-lod Cven

ufro meti Sroma gviwevs imisaTvis, raTa davZlioT urwmunobisa da pesimizmis

sindromi.

JurnalSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi SeiZleba ar emTxveodes redkolegiis an

konfliqtologiis centris pozicias

The Peace Times Published by: International Center on Conflict and Negotiation Supported by: Cordaid

dro mSvidobisa gamoicema konfliqtebisa da molaparakebebis saerTaSoriso kvleviTi

centris mier holandiuri fondis `qordeid~-is finansuri mxardaWeriT

redaqtori: irakli kakabaZe

redaqtoris moadgile: lela ciskariSvili

saredaqcio kolegia: dali berekaSvili, giga bokeria, laSa buRaZe, giorgi

margvelaSvili,rusiko mSvidobaZe, gaga niJaraZe, daTo turaSvili, giorgi xuciSvili

dizaini: nika maCaiZe, tusia beriZe

ISBN: 99928-824-3-3

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