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Dr.K.VENKATESAN MD II YEAR. SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF MAGNESIUM SULPHATE AND FENTANY ADDED TO INTRATHECAL BUPIVACAINE FOR MILD PREECLAMSIA. GUIDE. PROF&HOD.DR.P.S.SHANMUGAM MD,DA. DEPARTMENT OF ANESTHESIA KILPAUK MEDICAL COLLEGE & HOSPITAL CHENNAI. aim of the study. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Dr.K.VENKATESAN MD II YEAR
SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF MAGNESIUM SULPHATE AND FENTANY ADDED TO INTRATHECAL BUPIVACAINE FOR MILD PREECLAMSIA
GUIDE
PROF&HOD.DR.P.S.SHANMUGAM MD,DA. DEPARTMENT OF ANESTHESIA KILPAUK MEDICAL COLLEGE & HOSPITAL CHENNAI
AIM OF THE STUDY To study and compare the effect of
added fentanyl 25(mic gm) & Mgso4 0.1cc 50%(50mg) to 0.5% 2cc(10mg)bupivacaine in spinal anesthesia
Patients undergoing elective LSCS With mild gestational hypertension(PIH)
BACKGROUND Adequate analgesia following caesarian
section decreases morbidity , improves patient ambulation &outcomes ,facilitate care of the new born.
Intrathecal MgSO4 , NMDA antagonist has been shown to prolong analgesia without significant side effects in healthy parturients
Correlation was found between serum & CSF Mg concentration in patients with preeclampsia
METHODS Ethical committee approval Informed patient consent Randomised double blind controlled
study Statistical significance is ‘p’ value less
than 0.05 SAB performed
With pt in right lateral position25G quincke needle
PATIENT SELECTION 60 patient ASA risk I &II undergoing
elective caesarian section with mild PIH . IV line secured with 18G venflon, and
preloaded with RL 10-12ml /kg All pts received 5L of O2 / min through
face mask throughout procedure Pts treated with titrated doses of
Inj.ephedrine 6mgI.V if BP<90mmhg Inj.Atropine 0.6mg if HR<60/min
After delivery of baby Inj. Syntocin 10 IU in drip and 10 IU IM given
METHODOLOGY Mild PIH is defined as SBP 140 – 160 and
DBP 90 – 110mm Hg with or without proteinuria after 20 wk. gestation
60 pts with average age of 18 – 35 undergoing elective LSCS under SA were randomized into three groups of 20 each
Minimal fasting period is 8hrs All pts received premedication with Inj.
Ranitidine 50mg IV and Inj. Metoclopramide 10 mg IV, 15 min before surgery
CRITERIA
INCLUSION EXCLUSION
Age between 18-35 years
Elective LSCS under spinal
anesthesia Mild PIH
(BP<160/110mmhg)
ASA I/II
Contraindication to regional anesthesia
Heart disease Fetal distress Seizure disorder Severe eclampsia Pts with
coagulation defect Allergy to LA
GROUPS Group C:
control group,(N=20) patients 0.5% 2cc(10mg)bupivacaine + 0.6cc normal saline .
Group F: Fentanyl(N= 20) patients received 0.5% 2cc
bupivacaine +0.5cc( 25mic gm )fentanyl +0.1cc NS.
Group M:Mgso4 group (N=20),0.5% 2cc bupivacaine
+0.5cc fentanyl +0.1cc 50%(50mg) Mgso4 .
STATISTICS Variables were analysed by ANOVA Variables analysed and interperted by
post Hoc test Statistical significance is ‘p’ <0.05
INTRA OP MONITORING NIBP PULSEOXIMETER ECG RESPIRATORY RATE URINE OUTPUT
BROMAGE MOTOR SCALE
GRADE RESPONSE DEGREE OF BLOCK
0 NO MOTOR BLOCK NIL(0%)1 UNABLE TO
STRAIGHT LEG RAISE
PARTIAL(33%)
2 UNABLE TO FLEX KNEE AGAINST RESISTANCE
ALMOST COMPLETE(66%)
3 UNABLE TO FLEX ANKLE
COMPLETE
RAMSEY SEDATION SCORESCORE RESPONSE
1 ANXIOUS OR RESTLESS OR BOTH
2 COPERATIVE, ORIENTED & TRANQUIL
3 RESPONDS TO COMMANDS
4 BRISK RESPONSE TO STIMULUS
5 SLUGGISH RESPONSE TO STIMULUS
6 NO RESPONSE TO STIMULUS
SENS0RY SCORESCORE RESPONSE
0 NORMAL SENSATION
1 ANALGESIA (LOSS OF PIN PRICK SENSATION)
2 ANAESTHESIA (LOSS OF TOUCH SENSATION)
PARAMETERS OBSERVED
Block onset time Duration of sensory blockade Higher level of sensory block Time to reach highest block Two segment regression time Duration of postop analgesia Hemodynamic parameters
ATTRIBUTES SENSORY BLOCK ONSET TIME
Time interval between end of anesthetic injection and appearance of cutaneous analgesia in dermatomes T-12,T-10,T-8,T-6
DURATION OF MOTOR BLOCK Administration of anesthetic and attainment of
grade 0 in Bromage motor scale DURATION OF ANALGESIA
Administration of anesthetic and disappearance of cutaneous level of sensation at each dermatomal level
POST-OP ANALGESIA DURATION Administration of anesthetic and time of analgesic
requirement in PACU
RESULTS The onset of both sensory and motor block was
delayed in the group M ,when compared to both C&F group(p<0.001)
Motor block and analgesic duration was prolonged in the Group M , level of significance (p<0.05)
Two segment regression time increased in M group (P<0.001)
Group M is hemodynamicaly stable when compared to other groups (p<0.019)
Attainment highest level sensory block varies from T1-T6 , delayed in group M with significance level (p<0.08)
Intensity of motor block is more with group M, but with less significance (p<0.291)
CONTD… Occurrence of other complications like
Bradycardia , nausea ,shivering were comparable in all groups
Two Patient in group F complained of itching Usage of vasopressors is more in group C when
compared to other groups Fetal outcome assessed by first min and fifth
min APGAR was similar between groups (p>0.3) Height and weight are similar between
groups(p<0.586) Investigations were similar between groups
(p<0.32)
CONTD.. Duration of post-op analgesia is
prolonged in M group when compared to other groups (p<0.001)
Use of vasopressors is reduced in group M(p<0.03)
SENSORY BLOCK ONSET TIME
F M C
F M C
F M C
ANALGESIC & MOTOR BLOCK DURATION
F M C
MOTOR BLOCK ONSET TIME
F M C
POST-OP ANALGESIA DURATION
F M C
MAGNESIUM SULPHATE Magnesium is the second most
abundant intracellular cation Involved in the regulation of many ion
channels and enzymatic reaction Has application in anesthesia because
of its action as a non competitive NMDA receptor antagonist with anti-nociceptive effect
MAGNESIUM SULPHATE Mgso4 has been shown to have anti-
nociceptive effects , because of its antagonistic action on the NMDA receptor
Passage of magnesium across BBB is limited
It can potentiate opioid analgesia by both central and peripheral mechanism
MgSO4 causes 1.vasodilation by ca2+ block
2.analgesic effect3.inhibition of catecholamine release
CONT.. Mg inhibit calcium entry into the cell via
a non-competitive NMDA receptor blockade
Mg is also a physiological calcium antagonist at different voltage gated calcium channel, it may be important for anti-nociception
Mg decreases incidence of post operative shivering
Response to NMDA receptor is greatly enhanced when ECF Mg concentration below physiological level.
CONT… Decrease in pain intensity is not due to
direct analgesic effect of Mg But due to prevention of subsequent
NMDA activation Baseline CSF Mg level in pt with
preeclamsia differ from normal patients which suggest base line alteration in BBB
Normal CSF Mg level was 2.2meq+/- 0.9, plasma 1.6Meq, CSF:plasma ratio 1.39
Mg is neuroprotective in ischemic as well as excitotoxic brain injury
CONT… Mg may dilate cerebral blood vessel and
thus responsible for relieving vasospasm in pt with preeclampsia
Clinical relevant dose of Mg has no significant effect on V MCA, autoregulation and cerebral reactivity CO2
Mg produce central desensitisation Mg can potentiate NM junction Spinal NMDA receptor antagonist is the
reason for potentiation of LA and prolongation of post operative analgesia
FENTANYL It is a synthetic opioids Phenylpiperidine derivatives Directly inhibit the NMDA receptor Action of opioids in the bulbospinal
pathways are critical for analgesic efficacy
Distribution of opioids receptors in descending pain control circuits indicates substantial overlap between µ & Κ receptors
µ receptors produce analgesia within descending pain control circuits.
FACTOR INFLUENCING BLOCK HEIGHT
CONCLUSION In parturients with mild PIH undergoing
LSCS the addition of Mgso4 50mg to the intrathecal combination of bupivacaine & fentanyl prolongs the duration of analgesia Prolongs motor block durationDelayed onset of sensory blockProlongs post op analgesia
Ref.pubmed,intl.journal of obstetric anesthesia ,SOAP.
THANK U