Drink Driving Initiative 2015 Summary Reports

DRINK DRIVING INITIATIVE2015 Summary ReportsBeer, Wine and Spirits Producers’ Commitments to Reduce Harmful Drinking

The work summarized in this report is part of the implementation of the Beer, Wine and Spirits

Producers’ Commitments to Reduce Harmful Drinking

CONTENTS

1 About this report

2 Executive summary

4 Cambodia A coordinated multi-stakeholder approach

6 China Expanding, collaborating, educating

10 Dominican Republic New beginnings

12 Mexico The success of our partners ensuring a successful transition

14 Namibia Laying the groundwork for safer roads

17 Nigeria Focus on data collection

18 Russia Avtotrezvost grows

21 South Africa Educating youth

23 Vietnam Looking back to look forward: 2013 – 2015

2015 DRINK DRIVE REPORT 1

ABOUT THIS REPORT

The alcohol industry has a long history of working with partners to reduce alcohol-related traffic fatalities and injuries. IARD and its member companies support evidence-based approaches to prevent drink driving in partnership with governments, police, and communities. These include establishing maximum blood alcohol concentration (BAC) limits, accompanied by high-visibility enforcement. We support counselling, driving license suspension, alcohol interlock devices to reduce recidivism, the use of graduated licensing for novice drivers, and zero tolerance laws for professional drivers. A useful resource for effective policies and programs is the United Nations Road Safety Collaboration good practice guide.

Over the past six years, IARD has drawn from these tools to build multi-stakeholder coalitions and apply best practice in targeted interventions, high-visibility enforcements, and monitoring for impact in low- and middle-income countries as part of the Beer, Wine and Spirits Producers’ Commitments. Programs are continuing in China, Mexico, Nigeria, Russia, and Vietnam.

New programs began in 2015-16 in Cambodia, Dominican Republic, Namibia, South Africa, and Thailand.

The United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals have set a 50% reduction in road traffic deaths and injuries by 2020, and the UN Brasilia Declaration encourages stakeholders to strengthen their commitments to road safety. This 2015 Drink Driving Initiative Summary report provides an overview of the activities implemented to reduce alcohol-related road traffic crashes in the nine countries as a part of the Commitments to meet this ambitious target.

About the Beer, Wine and Spirits Producers’ Commitments to reduce harmful drinking

IARD is the secretariat for this historic effort by leading producers to achieve measurable and independently verifiable progress to combat the harmful use of alcohol. The Commitments demonstrate a united pledge by leading producers to build on longstanding efforts to reduce harmful drinking. They were specifically designed to support the WHO Global Strategy to Reduce the Harmful Use of

Alcohol and the UN Political Declaration on non-communicable diseases.

The CEO signatories to the Commitments and their companies have committed to undertaking targeted efforts that focus on five broad areas over five years (2013 – 2017).

— Reducing underage drinking;

— Strengthening and expanding marketing codes of practice;

— Providing consumer information and responsible product innovation;

— Reducing drinking and driving; and

— Enlisting the support of retailers to reduce harmful drinking.

IARD works with diverse stakeholders globally to find local solutions to a range of problems including drinking and driving and underage drinking. Our programs and support to local stakeholders emphasize capacity-building, multi-stakeholder collaboration, and country ownership to ensure that results are evaluated and sustainable.

INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE FOR RESPONSIBLE DRINKING2

We share the view with the public health sector that awareness alone is not sufficient to effectively reduce drink driving. IARD and its member companies support evidence-based approaches to prevent drink driving in partnership with governments, police, and communities. These include establishing maximum blood alcohol concentration (BAC) limits, accompanied by high-visibility enforcement. We support counselling, driving license suspension, alcohol interlock devices to reduce recidivism, the use of graduated licensing for novice drivers, and zero tolerance laws for professional drivers.

The beverage alcohol industry has a long history of working with local stakeholders and partners to reduce alcohol-related road traffic crashes. Chief Executive Officers of IARD sponsor companies

asked us to lead a collective effort to tackle drink driving in 2010, with pilot programs in six countries which had particularly high rates of alcohol-related road traffic crashes – Colombia, Mexico, Nigeria, Russia, China, and Vietnam. In each case, our approach sought to address the issues highlighted above. It has been heartening to see that, where we get these projects right, they can contribute to the reduction of deaths

and injuries caused by drink driving. For example, in the Shenyang province of China, random breathalyzer tests showed that the number of people driving while over the legal BAC limit dropped significantly from 2.1% in 2014 to 1.2% in 2015 as a result of our program.

So what makes a good project? What we learned in running these pilots is that to be successful they must be “owned” locally. Working in partnership with local stakeholders such as mandated government agencies, authorities and law enforcement agencies, driving schools, universities, and the industry is essential for long-term success. Programs also need to be planned with clear outcomes and opportunities for development, long-term institutional funding, and scaling up. Moreover, the projects that work best have a local coordinator or mandated agency to champion it and maintain relationships with the key stakeholders.

During 2015, our aim was to continue to transition the initial six pilot programs to local ownership, a process begun in 2014. This unfolded differently in every country, and one of the challenges we faced was in finding the right model or approach for each case. In some places, for example, it was difficult to establish collective funding and management of the project among local industry partners. The programs in Mexico and Russia were successfully transitioned to local funding and support by local sponsor companies, with IARD providing technical assistance and oversight of the projects. We completed the implementation of the projects in China, Nigeria, and Vietnam, with future work on drink driving being incorporated into local industry social aspect organizations in China and Nigeria. IARD continued to explore

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

I am really proud of this project. Both the technical and financial support are extremely important for Cambodia. Madame Pum ChantinieSecretary General, Cambodian Red Cross

Capacity-building training in Cambodia

People’s attitudes toward alcohol vary from country to country, culture to culture. But no one would argue that road traffic crashes and their consequences – death and injury – are a good thing. Road safety is part of the new Sustainable Development Goals, with an aim to halve deaths and injuries on the road by 2020. We know from research that in countries where deaths from road traffic crashes are highest, alcohol plays a significant role.


additional funding opportunities for the scale-up project in Vietnam.

Keeping in mind the experience of our six initial pilots, in 2015 we expanded our drink driving program to include four new countries, again chosen because of the particular prevalence of alcohol-related road traffic crash fatalities – Cambodia, Dominican Republic, Namibia, and South Africa. In each case, learning from our experience, we spent the first year laying the groundwork: defining the specific nature of the local problem, developing relationships with key partners, and beginning to raise awareness and increased high-visibility enforcement of the dangers of drink driving.

The Dominican Republic had a particularly urgent need, since it ranks number one for road traffic crash fatalities

in the Americas. This urgency no doubt helped us to bring on board many local and international stakeholders and partners. The project aim is to increase awareness, change attitudes, and train traffic police to deal with drink driving. In Cambodia last year we built on previous road safety prevention efforts by local and international organizations. The results of the project’s campaign around the Pchum Ben Festival contributed to the reduction of deaths on the road by 31% and of overall injuries by 47%.

In Namibia, the key to long-term success and reducing drink driving was the reintroduction of evidentiary breath testing. Getting the law published was a high priority for the project and our efforts paid off as the revised law was finally published in the Government Gazette in December 2015. South Africa has a particular problem with drink driving amongst young people, and we worked with the Industry Association for Responsible Alcohol Use (ARA) to launch “Young Free and Educated” at Rhodes University in the Eastern Cape. Rhodes University not only has a small student body, but was also hosting the Eastern Cape Intervarsity in 2015, bringing together all the universities in the Eastern Cape and enabling our program to reach many more students.

In 2016, we are expanding the program to Thailand with the purpose of reducing drink driving around the Songkran festival. We also begin the second year of working in Cambodia, Dominican Republic, Namibia, and South Africa. In each of these we have a solid framework to build upon and a clear direction to scale up the initial actions of the past year. In Cambodia we will continue to work with the Cambodia Red Cross and will start implementing campaign activities in three new provinces: Preah Sihanouk, Siem Reap, and Prey Veng. In South Africa we will deliver the “Young Free and Educated” program in at least six additional universities while working more closely with local police on drink driving enforcement. In Namibia we will continue to conduct trainings and provide support for the local police to increase their high-visibility enforcement efforts. These checkpoints will be supported by a public awareness campaign. A similar scope of work will be carried out in the Dominican Republic, where we will focus on drink driving enforcement and increasing public awareness of the dangers of drink driving.

We really appreciated what has been achieved, and are committed to continuing our partnership with IARD to improve the drink driving situation in Vietnam. Khuat Viet HungVice Chairman, National Traffic Safety Committee, Vietnam

The Drive Alcohol Free program has saved thousands of lives in Mexico, and we hope to continue working side by side to avoid harmful drinking. Dr. Manuel Mondragón y KalbCommissioner of National Council on Addictions (CONADIC)

FRSC police officer in Nigeria at work during roadside surveys


CAMBODIA

We have worked closely with the Cambodian Red Cross (CRC) and the Ministry of the Interior (MOI) to implement the key objectives of our first year, which have focused on public campaigns, training with police, road safety practitioners and volunteers, and high-visibility enforcement during high-risk times of the day and festival periods. We also facilitated regularly meeting with other road safety stakeholders to exchange of good practices and monitor road traffic crash data.

Five provincesWe targeted five contiguous provinces with high rates of alcohol-related road traffic crashes: Phnom Penh, Kandal, Kampong Speu, Kampong Cham, and Thog Khmum.

Unique challengeWe launched our drink driving initiative to coincide with the Cambodian Government’s drink driving prevention media campaign. We have aligned these actions with government to ensure that the campaigns would be mutually supportive of the national strategy.

A coordinated multi-stakeholder approachEvery stage of our work was made possible by the involvement of key stakeholders and partners, which

included the Ministry of the Interior (MOI), National Road Safety Committee (NRSC), Cambodian Red Cross (CRC), Union of Youth Federation of Cambodia (UYFC), and IARD sponsor companies active in Cambodia, including Cambodia Brewery Ltd (CBL), Diageo, and Pernod Ricard. We also had the support of hundreds of volunteers to implement campaign activities. These stakeholders’ commitment was vital during our important first year in Cambodia.

To facilitate good participation among local governments, ministries, the private sector, and alcohol producers and distributors, we worked with the MOI and CRC to hold one major co-ordination meeting. Chaired by the NRSC Chairman, it was attended by 143 members from 25 provinces/cities.

The future is nowThe building capacity of key stakeholders was imperative for our initiative’s current and future success. From June 2015 onwards, we held 14 train-the-trainer sessions and trained 370 police officers, youth workers, volunteers, and key ministry officials. These sessions covered the consequences of drink-driving, alcohol misuse, the new traffic law, and effective solutions to prevent drink driving. Attendees then went on to train others in their respective regions and provinces.

ThogKhmum

PhnomPenhKandal

KampongSpeu

KampongCham

18Slightinjury 54

39Seriousinjury 61

23Fatality46

35Crashes

20152014

83

Drink driving related crashes during September – October

There was a reduction in drink driving

related crashes during September – October 2015 when compared

to the same time period in 2014.

Meeting’s conclusion

All the government ministries expressed a clear decision to work with IARD in this initiative, which is supported by the Beer, Wine and Spirits Producers’ Commitments.

24,316200 public education and awareness-raising sessions in communities and schools reaching 24,316 people.

Red Cross volunteer handing out campaign material

A coordinated multi-stakeholder approach In its bid to reduce road traffic crash fatalities by 50% by 2020, in line with the United Nations (UN) Decade of Action for Road Safety and Sustainable Development Goal 3.6, the Cambodian Government passed a new road traffic law in 2015. This provided the opportunity for our drink driving initiative to support the implementation of the new law and the government’s efforts toward reducing alcohol-related deaths and injuries.


Raising awareness & enhanced enforcementWith CRC we held 200 public education and awareness-raising sessions about reducing drink driving in communities and schools across five provinces, benefitting 24,316 people.

We worked closely with traffic police officers across 12 districts of Phnom Penh to raise awareness of the new road traffic law, benefitting over 10,000 road users. We also held a good practice workshop in early December which was attended by 47 key traffic police from 25 provinces.

The CRC and MOI youth volunteers supported traffic police at checkpoints. These volunteers contributed both valuable information and a “human face”

to support the enforcement of the new traffic laws by police. Police officers stopped and tested 15,056 offenders, 4% of which tested positive for alcohol prior to the new law going into effect in January 2016, which established 0.5 mg/ml as the maximum blood alcohol concentration (BAC) level.

Assessing the evidenceMonitoring and evaluation are critical components of the project, playing key roles in identifying more effective strategies to aid our implementation of the Drink Driving Initiative going forward. We utilized national data collected from road traffic police and health departments to assess the effects of the initiative. We conducted a Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) assessment to collect baseline data for the target provinces. Results from the survey will be available in early 2016.

In 2015, we conducted 14 Train the Trainer workshops and trained 370 individuals (police, youth workers, volunteers, and key ministry officials.

The contribution of IARD to reducing drink driving, such as providing train-the-trainers for 25 provinces, refresher trainings for traffic police officials, supporting specialized equipment for enforcement, as well as direct coaching at the enforcement checkpoints, was crucial and aligned with the critical needs of the General Commissariat of National Police. HE Him Yan, Deputy High Commissioner of National Police

Water Festival: celebrating safety

The Khmer five-day Water Festival occurred in November. We conducted a highly visible campaign during the festival which marshalled 500 youth and volunteers to help promote the drink driving prevention message at checkpoints in the five provinces. Our volunteers distributed campaign materials at national roads, public parks, pagodas, and garment factories.

Across the five provinces, traffic police data shows that road traffic crash fatalities during the Water Festival decreased 16%, while injuries decreased by 43%. Over the Water Festival period there was a 23% decrease in alcohol-related crashes. A number of factors, including public education and communications, were cited as reasons for the decline.

43%According to traffic police data, road traffic crash fatalities during the Water Festival decreased 16% and injuries decreased 43%. There was also a 23% decrease in drink-driving related crashes during the Water Festival.

Campaign messaging on display


CHINA

In 2015, we completed Phase 2, focusing on enhanced enforcement activities, public awareness, and education in Jiangsu Province, Shenyang, and X’ian. The success of these projects was largely due to the commitment of our key stakeholders, who institutionalized the pilot through the utilization of their own financial resources: the China Center for Disease Control (CCDC), the Center for Disease Control in each province, and the Chinese Center for Health Education (CCHE). We collaborated with a total of 19 program partners including schools, universities, the police, and local industry, many of whom are keen to continue working with IARD and industry.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) surveys were held in five cities in Jiangsu province. We continued to conduct roadside surveys in several project cities and noted significant positive trends, particularly in Shenyeng and Xi’an, which are detailed later in this summary. We conducted follow-up surveys to assess the impacts of our interventions; these too revealed a largely positive trend.

From Nanjing to Jiangsu ProvinceOur pilot program started in Nanjing in 2010. In 2013, such was the success of the program that local government agencies decided to expand it to the entire Jiangsu province, committing to use local resources to implement the program. The partnerships we developed enabled us to implement Phase 2 in 2014-2015, which meant we could continue to run targeted, self-sustaining intervention strategies across the province. These strategies targeted high-risk groups, utilizing education campaigns aimed at motorcyclists and safety education workshops for drink driving offenders.

We launched drink driving enforcement and public awareness campaigns in the city’s popular 1912 bar area, which included social media and billboards. Roadside surveys conducted by the program during Phase 1 (2010-2012) showed that after the intervention there had been a significant reduction in the rate of drink driving during random roadside checks: from 1.6% to 0.7%. Data from random breath surveys in Nanjing show that from April to November 2014 drink driving in the 1912 bar area

decreased from 2.9% to 1.6%, an indicator of the continued positive effects of the program in Nanjing.

The program was eventually expanded to reach the cities of Changzhou, Yangzhou, Huai’an, Zhengjiang, Suzhou, Lianyungang, Nantong, Xuzhou, and Taizhou. The Jiangsu Center for Disease Control (CDC) and local traffic police collaborated on an extensive survey on the prevalence of drink driving throughout Jiangsu Province in 2014, and we were able to collate valuable data. The Jiangsu Department of Health gave the project financial support to commission research from the Jiangsu Institute for Health Education on the impact of the drinking and driving interventions in the province.

In 2015, we built on these survey results using the data to focus on drink driving enforcement, public education, and

Traffic in Xi’an

Expanding, collaborating, educating IARD began its work in China in 2010, in the cities of Xi’an and Nanjing, and has since worked with key stakeholders to build on our shared successes and expand the program to the cities of Wuhan and Shenyang. In 2014, our focus was to implement Phase 2 of the program, continuing work from the previous year in four cities and expanding the program to nine additional cities across Jiangsu province.

Where we worked

Jiangsu Province, Shenyang, Wuhan, and Xi’an. In Jiangsu province we expanded across the cities of Changzhou, Yangzhou, Huai’an, Zhengjiang, Suzhou, Lianyungang, Nantong, Xuzhou, and Taizhou.


awareness. Our team produced and distributed 70,000 brochures, 28,000 posters, 1,600,000 calendars, 25,000 stickers, 100 exhibition stands, and many other educational materials to drivers, as well as conducting education campaigns in driving schools.

We continued to conduct Knowledge Attitude and Practice (KAP) surveys in collaboration with the local Jiangsu Center for Disease Control and police forces. We found that, against the baseline surveys of 2014, the relevant

knowledge about drinking and driving among those surveyed had improved; for example, after the interventions the proportion of participants who reported they had driven while intoxicated during the previous six months fell from 8.0% to 5.4%. However, there was no significant change in the relevant attitude data amongst participants. Partnering with local traffic police, we continued to conduct random roadside surveys and enforcement to gain a picture of drink driving rates and act as a deterrent. A

total of 8,426 drivers were administered breathalyzer tests at checkpoints in the post-intervention roadside surveys. Results from these showed that the proportion of positive BAC among randomly tested drivers has declined significantly from 1.58% to 0.87%.

Xi’an: new initiatives for novice driversIn 2014, a new project was launched to educate novice drivers about drink driving risks and the law. The first training workshops were held in March of that year for 130 novice drivers. The education

Shenyang

Jiangsu Province

Wuhan

Xi’an

Beijing

3.2% 1.5%In Xi’an, random roadside tests were conducted in Datang Buyecheng and found the proportion of the 1,488 drivers tested who were drinking and driving above the legal BAC limit was significantly lower than the previous survey, dropping from 3.2% to 1.5%.

from to

8.0% 5.4%In Jiangsu province, pre and post Knowledge Attitude and Practice surveys showed the proportion of participants who reported ever driving under the influence of alcohol during the previous 6 months reduced significantly from 8.0% to 5.4%.

from to

2.1% 1.2%Significant reduction in drivers over the legal limit in Shenyang after the intervention from 2.1% to 1.2%. (2,068 drivers were tested)

from to


program covered BAC limits for driving and the penalties for drink-driving-related offenses.

We tracked the program’s effectiveness by surveying students from 20 driving schools in Xi’an between June and December, with 1,938 students in a control group and 1,942 in an intervention group. In China, there are two codified BAC limits: drink driving (at BAC between 0.2 mg/ml and 0.79 mg/ml); and drunk driving (BAC equal to or greater than 0.8 mg/ml). Our surveys explored knowledge of both BAC limits. When surveyed before and after the program, the intervention group’s knowledge of the BAC limit for drink driving had increased from 54% to 91% and knowledge of the limit of drunk driving increased from 35% to 71%. In 2015, the results of our follow-up survey showed that after six months a higher proportion of the intervention group than of the control group, 78.8% and 65.6% respectively, estimated that the probability of being caught drink driving is “very high” or “high.” Interestingly, it is more likely for the intervention group to try and prevent a family member from drinking and driving, yet there was no significant difference on the self-reported DUI behavior between the two groups.

In 2014, the Xi’an Health Institute and traffic police conducted a baseline survey in the popular Datang Buyecheng bar area. They found that, of the 1,490 drivers who were randomly selected for breathalyzer testing at a checkpoint, 3.2% had a BAC level above the legal limit. In 2015, we distributed 1,800 posters and 2,400 stickers with safe drinking and driving messages around this popular area. In addition, the information was played on 20 outdoor LCD screens around Datang Buyecheng,

educational messages were relayed via the social media platform WeChat, and highly publicized enforcement activities were taking place in the district. The same random roadside tests were then conducted in Datang Buyecheng, which found that the proportion of the 1,488 drivers who were drinking and driving was significantly lower than the previous survey, dropping from 3.2% to 1.5%.

This was the result the Xi’an Institute for Health Education, Xi’an TV Station, and Xi’an Bureau of Public Security were working toward. These organizations had collaborated to produce two 13-minute TV documentaries about drink driving that repeatedly aired on local TV.

Shenyang: a positive trendIn 2014-2015, we worked closely with our partners in Shenyang to continue the drink-driving enforcement and public education and awareness campaigns

that had taken place since the 2013 pilot intervention. Partners implemented enforcement and capacity-building efforts to target high-risk groups such as motorcyclists, drink driving recidivists, and novice drivers. In 2014, Shenyang Health Education Center, in partnership with the city traffic police, held random roadside surveys during which they stopped approximately 2,026 drivers at checkpoints and found 2.1% driving while intoxicated. In 2015, these random checks continued and found the number of individuals driving while intoxicated had dropped from 2.1% to 1.2%. These results were supported by the program’s interventions, which had included social media campaigns and enhanced enforcement operations.

Wuhan: student powerWorking with experts, we continued our focus on educating Wuhan’s college

Visitors experience the Road Safety Education Base


students about responsible behaviors and the risks of drinking and driving. The program included lectures from experts about healthy lifestyles and drink-driving laws. More than 570 students completed pre- and post-workshop questionnaires, which showed that the workshop had led to significant improvements in knowledge of drink driving issues. While only 13% of students correctly answered questions about BAC limits in China in the pre-workshop survey, 86% responded correctly post-intervention on the question of the impact of alcohol on driving performance, and 78% indicated that it was not safe to drive a vehicle after consuming low-alcohol beverages.

Building a long-term approach for our stakeholdersBuilding the capacity of local stakeholders and promoting long-term future sustainability was a primary goal in 2015. To support the institutionalization of the pilots, we implemented follow-up capacity-building activities which provided technical and practical knowledge and skills for traffic policemen, road safety practitioners, and managers in each of the four provinces. Participants were finding lasting value in what they learned from the project design,

implementation, and problem-solving techniques the workshops offered.

Transitioning to local managementPart of the long-term sustainability of the program depended on the transition to local management. Significant achievements were made in this regard, including regular meetings with local stakeholders such as the China Alcoholic Drinks Association (CADA) and international and domestic alcohol producers to discuss local funding opportunities. By July 2015, China SAO was established as a new organization, giving the program an opportunity to institutionalize the partnerships and programs. CADA Secretary General Song Shuyu was appointed as China SAO Secretary-General. IARD Country-Manager James Yu was appointed as Executive Deputy Secretary General of China SAO.

China’s first National Responsible Drinking DayThe first National Responsible Drinking Day was held on October 16, 2015. It was supported by major government authorities and the China SAO, in collaboration with alcohol producers, wholesalers, and retailers. A nationwide social media campaign reminded people

of the importance of drinking responsibly and the dangers of drink driving. The main event was held in Beijing, with other events held in cities such as Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chongqing, and Wuhan. Promotional activities were also held in a total of 350 cities around China. Such was the success of the event that from now on the third Friday of October each year will be promoted by the China SAO of CADA as National Responsible Drinking Day.

What is China SAO?An SAO (social aspects organization) is an alcohol industry organization set up specifically to promote responsible drinking, advocate self-regulation, and provide information about alcohol to the public and consumers. The China SAO of the China Alcoholic Drinking Association (CADA) aims to provide a platform which will allow the beverage alcohol industry to work in partnership with the government, consumers, public health sectors, and other stakeholders. China SAO aims to actively promote the development and enforcement of legislation and public policy concerning the reduction of harmful drinking in China. The lead authorities in China SAO include the China Food and Drug Administration and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. China SAO is also a member of the IARD Partnership Council.

A volunteer and traffic police officer conduct a roadside survey

In Xi’an we did a program targeting novice drivers. There were 1,942 students in the intervention group and 1,938 students in the control group.

The results of a follow-up survey showed that after 6 months, as compared to the control group, a higher proportion of intervention group reported they attempted to stop their family members from drinking and driving in most occasions. (P<0.01)

And a higher proportion of intervention group estimated that the probability of being caught for DUI is high or very high. (P<0.01)

87.5% 71.3%vs

78.8% 65.6%vs


We brought together local and international stakeholders interested in road-safety issues who had not previously worked together. The aim of the initiative will focus on capacity-building to support local road-safety practitioners in the implementation of effective programs.

An urgent need for actionThe 2015 WHO Global Status Report on Road Safety listed the Dominican Republic as having the highest level of road traffic crash fatalities in the Americas and the 15th highest level worldwide, with 29.3 fatalities per 100,000 population. We recognized an urgent need to reduce fatalities and began implementation of the drink driving initiative in the Dominican Republic as a part of our commitment to develop drink driving prevention programs in new markets.

Program planning began with an initial assessment of the drink-driving situation in the country. We decided to start our first pilot program in the city of Santo Domingo. Our goal is clear: to reduce the number of road traffic crash fatalities by increasing knowledge and changing the general public’s attitudes and beliefs towards drinking and driving. Likewise, we will increase the knowledge and skills among police officers so they can effectively enforce drink driving regulations.

Talking together, working together Underlying all of our effort is the belief that multi-stakeholder partnerships are an effective mechanism for sustainable road safety. These partnerships are a vital part of successful drink driving initiatives; put simply, without them programs would not happen. It is not only important to find the right partners but also to build trusting, lasting relationships with them. Local partners are key to push the program forward and ensure the program’s sustainability and positive outcomes. We held a series of detailed, initial conversations with local industry and government partners, out of which preliminary agreements were made. To ensure that our key stakeholders were fully conversant with the program and to gain mutual rapport and understanding, visits were held among the major national

authorities, namely the Ministry of Health, the Metropolitan Transport Authority (AMET), Ministry of Public Works and Communications (MOPC), and Ministry of Interior and Police (MIP). It was these key government departments that we worked closely with to participate in the successful “awareness week on road safety.”

Sharing and learningCapacity-building was a key part of our program in 2015. We held a roundtable discussion and a road-safety awareness workshop in Santo Domingo with key stakeholders who identified with the goals and objectives of the program. Although the Dominican Republic has a law that prohibits driving a vehicle under the influence of alcohol, it was unclear if the law included a maximum BAC limit

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

SantoDomingo

Key Stakeholders who participated in Roundtable and Workshop

Government StakeholdersMetropolitan Transport Authority (AMET), Ministry of Public Works and Communications (MOPC), Ministry of Health and Social Welfare (MISPAS), Ministry of Interior and Police (MIP), Ministry of the President, Dominican Congressman Tobías Crespo, Land Transportation Development Fund (FONDET), Technical Office of Land Transportation (OTTT), Deputy Ministry of Competitiveness Management (MEPYD), Office of the Attorney General, Directorate General of Land Transportation (DGTT)

Insurance StakeholdersMAPFRE – Universal

Beverage Alcohol Industry StakeholdersCervecería Nacional Dominicana (AB InBev), Diageo, Pernod Ricard, Representantes Importadores de Vinos y Licores Asociados (Rivlas, the Importers Association), Rum producers

Civil Society Partners StakeholdersDominican Automotive Club, FUNDARED

International Organizations StakeholdersPan American Health Organization (PAHO), Inter-Nutrition of Central America and Panama (INCAP), Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)

New beginningsIn 2015, we saw the start of our drink-driving initiative in the Dominican Republic. We used the initial phase to identify key stakeholders and project partners, build relationships, and engage those partners in joint project development.

35 attendees from relevant government agencies and stakeholders attend workshop on BAC limit in Santo Domingo


for drivers, as different sources provided contradictory information.

With this uncertainty in mind, IARD organized a roundtable conversation with 22 experts in road safety, including Congressman Tobías Crespo, who is sponsoring a new traffic legislation in the Dominican Republic. The outcome of the roundtable discussions was that there is no maximum BAC limit for drivers included in the current legislation and participants agreed that it was a priority to establish clear levels for drivers, novice and professional.

The capacity-building workshop, with the participation of 35 individuals, was dedicated to presenting best practices in drink driving prevention. John Sullivan, a road safety expert from New York State, provided a comprehensive overview of the necessary steps to conduct police training, select, utilize, and calibrate breathalyzers, and plan and execute sobriety checkpoints. Participants identified the importance of a media campaign to raise awareness and inform the general public about the maximum BAC levels for drivers and the implementation of sobriety checkpoints; these activities are included in the 2016 action plan.

Focus on evaluationIn order to measure the effects of our program, we recognized the need to appoint an independent and reputable evaluation firm. Accurate, empirical evidence is vital to ensure a true assessment of the drink driving situation before and after intervention. We contracted Quadrante-FLACSO, which had reach and presence throughout the Dominican Republic and Latin America. The pre-intervention survey is expected to be conducted in early 2016. The follow-up survey will be held in 2017 after the initial implementation of the program and its first media campaign. The monitoring and evaluation component is vital, as the outcomes of these surveys will inform how we progress in the future development of the program.

Conclusion Much was achieved in the Dominican Republic in 2015. Following the WHO Global Status Report on Road Safety, which listed the country as having one of the highest drink-driving-related fatalities in the world, the need for the drink driving program was a recognized priority. By working together with government departments and key local industries and stakeholders, we were able to rapidly establish the groundwork for future interventions. The results of the Quadrante-FLACSO survey will act as the benchmark to ensure we target the right people in the areas that will be best served by our program.

22 program partners and stakeholders

Beverage alcohol industry representatives donate safety equipment to local traffic police for the awareness week on road safety


The program’s key stakeholders included government ministries, law enforcement, NGOs, universities, and alcohol industry members who implemented the program in a variety of ways throughout the country, with many working together for the first time. We continued to provide capacity-building workshops to provide technical and practical knowledge to law enforcement and road safety practitioners and to ensure the positive impact of the program.

Assuring the ongoing success of “Cero Muertes Por Alcohol al Volante” (“Towards Zero Deaths from Drink Driving”)In 2014, we expanded our “Cero Muertes Por Alcohol al Volante” (Towards Zero Deaths from Drink Driving) initiative, broadening its scope and targeting new audiences. The campaign has three main areas of focus: education, enforcement, and communication. To ensure the ongoing success of “Towards Zero Deaths from Drink Driving,” we held workshops across ten states. To continue the expansion of enforcement activities, 11 states and 47 municipalities received the “Drive Alcohol-Free” training, which is the government’s drink driving prevention program. We also held follow-up training sessions for trainers of the “Towards Zero Deaths from Drink Driving” workshops in Puebla.

Partnerships assured success in 2015The successful transition of the program would not have been possible without our key partners and stakeholders. We continued our partnership with the Fundación de Investigaciones Sociales A.C. (FISAC), which had facilitated a series of train-the-trainer workshops in 2014 to enable trainers to deliver two-hour workshops to Puebla’s high school and university students. This effort was supported by Jose Cuervo, which gave us additional funding to help expand the program.

We held one train-the-trainer workshop for CONADIC’s telephone counselors to discuss the harmful effects of alcohol and drink driving. One outcome of this workshop was that CONADIC requested our support in their first “Towards Zero Deaths from Drinking and Driving” workshop. Recognizing the value of the workshops, we were allowed more time to present the material, increasing the allotted time from one and a half hours to three hours. A significant leap in the profile of the program was made possible in 2015 when CONADIC included our program in a presentation about the Drive Alcohol-Free program to the President of Mexico, Enrique Peña Nieto. Our program was presented as part of the initiative to expand the Drive Alcohol-

Free Program across the country at the federal level. As a result, we were able to further the reach of the “Towards Zero Deaths from Drink Driving” program by delivering it in support of the Drive Alcohol-Free program. We also informed CONADIC that several state authorities wanted us to conduct the train-the-trainer workshop for their municipal police so that they could train other officers in their jurisdictions. CONADIC was supportive of our engagement with these jurisdictions, as the relationships will be important in the future for the implementation of the Drive Alcohol-Free program in these key regions of the country.

The National Institute for Statistics and Geography (INEGI), the premier agency responsible for collection of official data in Mexico, assisted with data collection efforts by more municipal police. In 2014, we brought INEGI together with state police in order for the agency to train

MEXICO

Cero Muertes Por Alcohol al Volante (Towards Zero Deaths from Drinking and Driving) workshop delivered in 10 states.

Key partners made the transition possible

Our partners included the government—at both federal and state levels—the National Council for Addictions (CONADIC), law enforcement, NGOs, and universities.

Fundacion de Investigaciones Sociales A.C. (FISAC) sponsor companies fund “Cero Muertes Por Alcohol al Volante”: — Bacardi México— Beam Suntory/Tequila Sauza— Brown Forman/Casa Herradura— Fundación José Cuervo— Pernod Ricard/Industrias Vinícolas

Pedro Domecq— Diageo México

The success of our partners ensuring a successful transitionIn 2015, we completed the transition process of the program in Mexico. This was in large part made possible by funding provided by spirits and wine producers who in turn drew upon IARD’s technical support to continue the program’s achievements.

Where we worked

Nuevo Leon, Zacatecas, Tlaxcala, Quintana Roo, Baja California Sur, Baja California, Sonora, Michoacan, Sinaloa, Durango, and Chihuahua.


the police to correctly record road traffic crash data in a new national database. We continued to support INEGI in 2015, and it continues to work with the police to collect and analyze this important data.

Key meetings to move the program forwardIn 2014, IARD representatives met with representatives from Puebla’s System for Integral Family Development (DIF) to discuss their plans to expand the program to the state level. The program was adopted as a social program of the government of Puebla and was featured

in DIF’s annual report. In 2015, we met with Puebla’s First Lady, who is also the head of DIF, to strengthen our alliance with the state. As a result of this meeting and valuable partnerships, Puebla’s DIF is considering working with us on new projects.

We met with the Municipal President

of Huauchinango, Puebla, as well as directors involved in enforcing their breathalyzer program. As a result of local commitments to increase high-visibility enforcement, we supported technical training on drink driving enforcement in order to expedite the successful implementation of their program.

Creating surveysSurveys are a key component of our work and essential to gain understanding of how to best move the program forward effectively. To that end, we created six surveys to measure different elements of the program. These included the application in 2015 of pre- and post-workshop surveys and pre- and post-training surveys. A satisfaction survey will soon be applied at police checkpoints, as well as a data collection survey by the municipal police. The survey results will be used to strengthen the project and will be available in future reports.

Puebla

NuevoLeon

Zacatecas

TlaxcalaQuintana

Roo

BajaCalifornia

Sur

BajaCalifornia

Sonora

Michoacán

SinaloaDurango

Chihuahua

47 municipalities in 11 states trained in Drive Alcohol-Free enforcement program

Law enforcement officers attend drink driving trainings


The result is that Namibia is ranked globally as having the fifth highest road traffic crash fatalities in the world at 29.5 fatalities per 100,000 population. There was a pressing need, and consequently we started our work in Namibia in 2015 to contribute to the reduction of drink-driving-related crashes and to work on prevention and enforcement.

The programIn 2015, our activities in Namibia were focused on assessing the drink driving situation and challenges in order to identify next steps. The 2016 program looks to focus on enhanced enforcement activities and public awareness campaigns through the IARD-supported “Driving Under the Influence of Alcohol (DUI) Program.”

Observing trends, acting on experienceThe observations and experiences of road safety professionals such as the City Police, NRSC, MVA-Fund, and local authority police led them to conclude that approximately 34% of all road traffic crashes in Namibia were alcohol-related. Interestingly, a strong indicator for this assumption was the fact that the highest number of crashes occur from Friday to Sunday, normally late afternoon and during the night. The Namibian Police (NAMPOL) traffic division, in cooperation

with the Windhoek City Police, have found that approximately 1.5% to 2% of all drivers tested with breathalyzers have been arrested due to BAC levels above the legal limit of 0.8 mg/ml. Evidence was strongly pointing to alcohol being a significant contributor to road traffic crashes.

Gaining evidenceOur extensive assessment on the prevalence, attitudes, and patterns of driving under the influence of alcohol was conducted at critical areas within Namibia and completed between August and September 2015. The survey was conducted along Namibia’s main roads, from Keetmanshoop in the south to Oshakati in the north, Katima Mulilo in the north east and Gobabis in the east, and the coastal towns of Walvis Bay, Swakopmund, and Henties Bay to the west. We visited 25 towns in the regions and interviewed 1,103 people. The analysis focused on the notorious B1 and B2 roads from the south to the north and from the central area to the west.

Mystery shopping initiative With most crashes occurring after midnight and over weekends, it was hypothesized that the enforcement of legal operating hours for alcohol sales at roadside service stations may be having an effect on the number of crashes during the early morning hours. Interviews with law enforcement and the public at large had identified alcohol sales at petrol station forecourts as a significant concern. Further investigation alleged that some forecourts sold alcohol to drivers at all times of the day, every day of the week, in contravention of the Namibian Liquor Act (Act 6 of 1998). The Act stipulates that all retailer liquor license holders are restricted from selling

NAMIBIALaying the groundwork for safer roadsThe Namibian Government’s National Forensic Science Lab survey established that in 2009 approximately 30% of all road traffic crash fatalities in Namibia were alcohol-related. Since that date, road traffic crash fatalities have occurred more regularly on open roads despite good infrastructure and a low vehicle population of around 275,000 registered vehicles.

293,244Vehiclesstopped 87,712

29, 934Screenedfor alcohol 6,166

119Driversdetained

December 2015December 2014

69

The project focused on the reinstatement of evidentiary breath testing, and the program’s push for the use of breathalyzers resulted in the law being gazetted in December 2015 to reintroduce the use of evidentiary breathtesting. During the December 2015 holiday season, 293,244 vehicles were stopped, 29,934 screened for alcohol, and 119 detained. This is an increase from the previous year when 87,712 cars were stopped, 6,166 screened for alcohol, and 69 detained.

Where we workedPrimarily in the capital city, Windhoek, supported by a country-wide situation assessment.


any alcohol beverage with an alcohol by volume (ABV) between 3% and 16%, Monday through Friday between 8 a.m. and 7 p.m., Saturdays between 8 a.m. and 1 p.m., and not at all on Sundays and public holidays.

Based on these assumptions, the program decided to conduct a mystery shopper intervention. The results would then help ensure the successful implementation of our DUI program.

The Mystery Shopper project had several objectives: to identify forecourts that were not compliant to the law, and to raise awareness of self-regulation on trading hours as stipulated within the Act. The project raised awareness among forecourt owners, managers, and staff on the detrimental effects of driving under

the influence of alcohol, and positioned DUI as a socially unacceptable behavior within the service station sector.

Mystery shopping in actionA local research firm, Manufacturing Consultancy Services (MCS), managed the mystery shopper project on behalf of the Self-Regulating Alcohol Industry Forum (SAIF) and IARD. The project was conducted in Windhoek over the weekend of October 31 and the following three weeks. It commenced by identifying participating brand owners, including major petrol station operators Vivo and Puma, and by recruiting mystery shoppers from among local students, who were allocated timelines and areas to conduct the mystery shopping. Compliant service stations were issued a green thank you card, while non-compliant service stations

were issued a red card requesting the owner to contact their retail manager for further remedial action. MCS visited 15 Puma and 5 Vivo service stations, as well as the Nabta and Eros service stations. Both Nabta and Eros sold alcohol the first time and refrained from selling during subsequent attempts. Seven of the 22

Key partnersNamibia Police Traffic Division, National Road Safety Council (NRSC), Motor Vehicle Accident (MVA) Fund, Private Sector Road Safety Forum, Windhoek City Police, other local Authority Traffic Police divisions, and the Self-Regulatory Alcohol Industry Forum (SAIF).

Caption for photo

A roadside warning sign in Namibia

Our key partners

Namibia Police Traffic Division, National Road Safety Council (NRSC), Motor Vehicle Accident (MVA) Fund, Private Sector Road Safety Forum, Windhoek City Police, other local Authority Traffic Police divisions, and the Self-Regulatory Alcohol Industry Forum (SAIF).


service stations sold alcohol without any questions. A key part of the mystery shopping program were visits to all non-compliant service stations by MCS, which arranged a workshop to be presented to all service station owners in Windhoek.

Towards evidentiary breath testing The initial situation analysis also highlighted that the use of breath testing would be an integral part for the effective and efficient law enforcement of DUI, as the previous method of blood sampling had considerable obstacles to efficiency. Unfortunately, the breathalyzer was withdrawn from operations due to a court case that originated in 2011. In the opinion of road safety experts and the Namibian Police (NAMPOL), the court-identified discrepancies were being rectified and the re-introduction of the instrument was vital for effective and efficient enforcement. Publishing the new procedures in the Government Gazette would enable law enforcers to use the instrument once again. The gazetting of the law became a high priority for the project and, to speed up the process, members of the DUI program task team obtained an appointment in September 2015 with the Vice President of the Republic of Namibia, who was acting on

behalf of the President. As a result of this meeting, the Vice President committed to speed up the process of revising the law in the Government Gazette, which was finally published in December 2015.

In order to prevent renewed legal challenges, the DUI program recommended a refresher training for all law enforcement officers as well as prosecutors throughout Namibia. We supported the refresher training at an orientation workshop for key stakeholders in order to identify whether any additional protocols were needed to avoid delays or further legal challenges. During this workshop it was established that, although the breathalyzer had been gazetted, it still needed to be type-approved by the National Training Institute. It was also found that the training certificates of all the trainers had expired and needed to be renewed. Thirdly, all equipment needed to be calibrated and serviced. The program will work with relevant stakeholders in early 2016 to rectify these issues so that drink driving enforcement efforts can be strengthened with the effective reintroduction of evidentiary breath testing throughout the country.

It all started with a baseline surveyA baseline survey was conducted covering ten strategic towns in Namibia, with a total of 1,050 one-to-one surveys completed. The survey covers attitudes, perceptions, and behaviors around drink driving and will serve as a benchmark to assess the impact of the project in the future. All the surveys have been summarized per town and the data will be completed by February 2016.

Going forwardThe “Driving Under the Influence of Alcohol (DUI) Program” has widespread support within the road safety fraternity, and the public is supportive of the reintroduction of high-visibility enforcement efforts. In addition, the DUI program has contributed substantially in creating a sense of urgency within government, civil society, and the private sector to address DUI as part of road safety policy in Namibia. According to NAMPOL’s Festive Season Review, nearly 300,000 vehicles were stopped over the 2015-2016 festive season, resulting in 26,934 drivers screened for alcohol and 119 detained. These figures reflect a drastic increase from the 2014-2015 season, during which a mere 87,712 vehicles were stopped, 6,166 drivers screened, and 69 detained. The impact of the increased enforcement activities was widely communicated through social media.

13 of the 14 regions in Namibia covering 25 towns were visited for a situation assessment to better understand the nature of the drink driving issue in the country.


Our partnership in 2011 with the Federal Road Safety Corp (FRSC) ensured we could implement effective roadside checkpoint procedures. In the following years, we developed a strong network of partners among government, business, unions, and non-governmental organizations, which allowed us to effectively target this subset of drivers. Our decision in 2014 to conduct extensive roadside surveys to allow us to generate data on the drink driving situation across Nigeria bore fruit in 2015 with the results of almost 6,000 respondents to our roadside surveys, giving us a much clearer picture of the prevalence of drink driving in the country.

Country-wide survey to assess drink drivingThe year 2014 saw the start of what would become a comprehensive series of roadside surveys across the six geo-political zones of the country. The surveys had been initiated to provide accurate baseline data about the scale of drink driving in the country. We partnered with FRSC’s Policy, Research, and Statistics Unit to develop the research protocol and questionnaire required for an extensive survey of the drink driving situation across Nigeria. We sought international expert

input from SWOV, the Dutch Institute for Road Safety Research.

In addition to assessing the drink driving status of drivers, the survey sought to understand the attitude and perception of drivers around drink and driving and its enforcement, as well as identifying common factors associated with drink and driving in Nigeria.

After a successful pilot survey in August 2014 on the Jibowu-Yaba Road in Lagos, we rolled out the research project in late 2014 across the North Central zone. In 2015, we collaborated with the FRSC to conduct and complete extensive roadside surveys across the remaining five geo-political areas of the country. In each geo-political zone, checkpoints were set up on the selected road where FRSC law enforcement officers systematically stopped drivers to assess BAC levels using a breathalyzer unit, while volunteers from partner non-governmental organizations administered the questionnaires.

The roadside survey had 5,988 respondents (98.8% males and 1.2% females) with 31.8% of them driving their own vehicles and 25.9% of them driving mini vans. Most male respondents (88.4%) were between 18 and 50 years old, and the average age of respondents was 36.9 years old. A total of 676 persons (7.7%) were truck drivers, while 395 respondents (6.6%) drove other vehicles such as tricycles and motorized rickshaws. Out of the total surveyed, 225 (3.8%) had a BAC higher than the legal national limit of 0.5 mg/ml, and an additional 389 persons (6.5%) had a BAC of more than 0 mg/ml that remained under the legal limit. The survey analyzed the prevalence of drink driving by region and found that the South had a higher occurrence than the North, with 7.9% of drivers in the South drink driving, 5.6% in the South East, and 4.6% in the South West. Respondents in the Northern regions found to be drink driving were 3% in North Central, 1.1% in the North East, and 0.2% in the North West.

The results of the survey were shared with local industry members and the Corps Marshal of the FRSC. The survey will be utilized to inform partnerships and build interest in future work to reduce drink and driving in Nigeria. By highlighting the differences among the regions, target groups, and diverse driving habits, the survey gives government and stakeholders a springboard from which to implement more focused and effective programs going forward.

South South

South West

SouthEast

North Central

North West

North East

NIGERIA NIGERIA

Our key partners Federal Road Safety Corp (FRSC), Strap and Safe Child Initiative (SSCI), Save the Accident Victims of Kogi State (SAVIKS), and Prompt Assistance to Victims of Road Traffic Accidents (PATVORA).

Where we workedTogether with the FRSC we conducted roadside surveys in the six geo-political zones across Nigeria. The six roads used in the geo-political zones were:— Lokoja-Abuja-North-Central— Kaduna-Kano-North-West— Jos-Bauchi-North-East— Lagos-Ibadan-South-West— Onitsha-Owerri-South-East— Port Harcourt-Uyo-South-South

6,000 breath tests and surveys conducted across the country with 3.8% of drivers above the legal BAC limit of 0.5 mg/ml

0.2%North West1.1%North East

3.0%North Central4.6%South West

5.6%South East7.9%South South

Drivers above the legal limit by region:

Focus on data collection We began our drink driving initiative in Nigeria in the year 2010 with a focus on delivering capacity-building workshops for key stakeholders that focused on measures to reduce the risk and prevalence of drink driving among bus and tanker drivers.


Taking into account local input, we developed a training module called Avtotrezvost “Auto Sobriety” to support the new federal strategy and chose the Smolensk region with its 67 driving schools to pilot the program. In early 2014, we laid the groundwork for the Avtotrezvost program, which involved holding capacity-building workshops, ensuring stakeholder support, and conducting research that included pre- and post-intervention surveys and focus groups. Due to rapid progress and positive results, Avtotrezvost was fully launched by mid-2014 and was being prepared to expand the program to other regions in 2015. With the support of Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI) and leading Russian beverage alcohol producers, Avtotrezvost was able to expand in 2015 to Sterlitamak, Ulyanovsk, Ivanovo, and Kursk, while continuing to thrive in Smolensk.

Avtotrezvost and MADIPerhaps the single most important step forward for Avtotrezvost was that it officially became a hosted program of MADI in February 2015, which provided new opportunities for significant expansion and new partnerships. The new director of MADI gave his approval of the project and agreed that MADI staff would become more involved with the project. This commitment not only ensured that Avtotrezvost expanded successfully across several regions and cities in 2015, but also that the program could benefit from the input and involvement of other institutions such as the Moscow State Pedagogics and Psychology University. In 2015, this institution joined forces with MADI within the context of Avtotrezvost and has since engaged its post-graduate

students in the project’s research and teaching in driving schools.

With MADI as its institutional home and the success of the pilot program in Smolensk, Avtotrezvost attracted much more attention at both the federal and local levels within other jurisdictions during 2015. MADI’s adoption of the project caused local police agencies to engage voluntarily in the project, something they previously had been hesitant to do. Other key relationships made possible by MADI were with the Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education. MADI led negotiations with the two federal ministries, each of whom provided comments, approvals, and recommendations for further use of the drink driving module not only in driving schools but more widely in education and in media. Their endorsement was

confirmed by the Ministry of Health signing two official letters saying that it would help provide input for the new drink driving module, and by the Ministry of Education and Science also signing a letter of approval. The media, too, noticed the significance of Avtotrezvost with Rossiiskaya Gazeta, the government daily, publishing a positive article on the new module, which was picked up and re-published across 15 regions.

RUSSIA

Avtotrezvost in brief

Avtotrezvost is a training module about drink driving and is designed to provide a voluntary supplement to driving schools’ existing courses on traffic regulations. It was launched in 2014 in eight driving schools in Smolensk, Yartsevo, and Safonovo. The program added a 90-minute interactive lesson on drink driving to these schools’ courses. The module covers the legal consequences of driving while intoxicated and highlighted ongoing police initiatives to prevent drink driving in the region. The module is an important innovation for Russian driver schools, as it covers five major drink-driving-related areas: statistics, drink driving risks, legislation around drink driving, and how to avoid drink and driving. Since its launch, Avtotrezvost

has received widespread support from both the federal government and at a regional level. The project’s objectives are to be an influence on the attitudes toward drink driving through increased knowledge on its risks among learners in driving schools. Another objective is to decrease social tolerance towards drink driving in local communities. The third objective is to perpetuate mutual understanding and support among partners in the road safety realm. More than 7,000 driving candidates in the four regions have been trained in the new module in 31 driver schools. Avtotrezvost provides a standard curriculum for teaching about the risks of drink driving that can be used across the country.

7,000The Avtotrezvost program has trained over 7,000 driving school candidates in 31 driving schools in four regions.

Avtotrezvost growsIn 2013, the federal government started reforming the Russian driver schools education curriculum. That year, the “Improvement of Road Safety 2013-2020” federal program was launched, providing the perfect opportunity to put forward a drink driving module that could be included in novice driver courses.


Avtotrezvost in the different regionsUlyanovsk (June 2015)Ulyanovsk was a new region that joined the project in 2015. Accumulating the best practices and lessons learned in Smolensk, it managed to engage many new stakeholders, such as HoReCa, the insurance industry, and trade and transportation organizations, making the road police a lead force of the project. The Ulyanovsk regional Department of Education developed practical recommendations on how to introduce the module into new driving schools. These recommendations were key in helping the participating driving schools successfully incorporate the module into their programs. One of the major concerns of driving schools when joining the project was whether they needed additional funds to participate; however, the regional Department of Education recommendations showed that no additional funding was needed for the new module and it could be incorporated using funds that already existed, therefore avoiding complex additional procedures. As a result, these recommendations may now be used in other regions looking to participate in the program in the future.

Sterlitamak (July 2014 – 2015)Although much smaller than the other two regions, Sterlitamak proposed a model where the local political leaders became the champions of the project, encouraging driver schools to play a more active role with road police to

reduce drink and driving. In 2015, the project in Sterlitamak revealed one of the methodological challenges of conducting interactive sessions, namely the limited number of professional trainers available to conduct the sessions. As a result, an innovative solution was used in which driver school teachers could learn from experienced trainers through webinars. They also proposed a “teacher on loan” model for the driver schools for teachers who were not as comfortable with the interactive way of teaching the drink driving lessons.

Smolensk (November 2013 -2015)We implemented a second phase of the research program across 10 locations in the Smolensk region, involving 248 survey respondents, and were able to compare the findings with the 2014 survey. Most notably, 34% of respondents said drink driving is a massive and regular occurrence in the Smolensk region, an increase of 12% from 2014. This awareness is evidence of the effectiveness of ongoing promotional media at the time of the study. The research also showed that respondents demonstrated a slight but steady trend that reinforces the effective and efficient

Smolensk

Sterlitamak

Ulyanovsk

Ivanovo

Moscow

Kursk

StakeholdersSeveral government ministries, institutions, and other road safety stakeholders have shown an interest in the Avtotrezvost program.

Federal LevelMoscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI), Ministry of Health, Ministry of Education, Internal Affairs Ministry, Chief State Department on Road Safety (Russia), Moscow Road Police Department, Directorate of the Federal Road Safety Program 2013-2020, Moscow State Pedagogics & Psychology University, Moscow Association of Driver Schools, Moscow “Guildia of Driver Schools,” Russian Union of Journalists, Active Safety, The Art of Training, “Automobile Roads” magazine, “STOP” Gazeta, and “Russian Gazeta.”

Regional LevelGovernor (Head of Administration), Department of Education, Health Department, Department of Transportation, Public Council/Internal Affairs Department, Regional Public Chamber, Road Police, driver schools, Network of Driver Schools (DOSAAF), VOA Drivers Association, Hotel Restaurant Café (HoReCa) industry, insurance companies, taxi and auto transport companies, Smolensk Humanitarian University, Smolensk Medical Academy, Ulyanovsk State University, public relations agencies, and media.

federal level stakeholders

regional level stakeholders


use of media in promoting road safety. Focus groups were also made up of teachers, experts, and driving school students. Findings confirmed that teachers and students both felt that the introduction of the module improved their vehicle control risk knowledge. In the first six months of 2015 there were 10 fatalities attributable to drink driving, compared to 16 in 2014 during the same period of the Avtotrezvost project.

The research results from Smolensk in 2014 and the three new regions in 2015 led to the conclusion that the drink driving situation is similar across Russia, which will facilitate the implementation of the project to other regions and municipalities of the country. For example, one of the major findings in our research in the three regions was that after the 90-minute interactive session the number of driving school students who believe that any amount of alcohol affects their driving abilities increased between 10% and 40%.

Kursk (October 2015)The program was expanded to Kursk when the lead driving school and the region’s traffic police requested that Avtotrezvost be implemented in the region. This led to the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding with MADI which allowed the program to be implemented in the region.

In the newsThe Avtotrezvost program received much media attention, especially in Kursk with the launch of its first master class covered by the influential Russian Channel 1 in Kursk. Other notable mentions was an article in Ulyanovsk media with the headline “The Health Minister is For Avtotrezvost (AutoSobriety).” In August 2015, the Rossiiskaya Gazeta published a positive article on the new module for driving schools that was re-published in 15 Russian regions. We are also delighted that the Directorate of the Central Federal Road Safety Program has suggested placing the Avtotrezvost

banner and information on the front page of its website. The official Russian Road Police site saw over 20 publications on the project implementation from the four regions. One of the highlights of the Smolensk project in 2015 was a three-week campaign to prevent drink driving among young drivers launched in a popular Smolensk bar with a taxi company. It attracted wide media coverage, including on social media platforms such as Instagram, which increased the project’s target audience.

Where we workedProject interventions were conducted in the following locations: — Smolensk Region with the support

of the Alcoholic Beverages Committee (members include Bacardi, Brown-Forman, Gruppo Campari, Diageo, Moët Hennessy, Maxxium, and Pernod Ricard Russia)

— Ulyanovsk Region, with the support of Efes Rus

— Sterlitamak, with the support of Heineken Russia

— Kursk, initiated in October 2015— Moscow (MADI supported the

central project organization, as well as stakeholders mapping and partnership-building)

12%Based on survey research in Smolensk, in 2015, 34% of respondents said drink driving is a massive and regular occurrence in Smolensk region, this is a 12% increase from 2014.

Traffic in Moscow


The program Young Free Educated (YFE) aims to have a positive influence on reducing drink driving, and it has been made possible by our partnership with the Industry Association for Responsible Alcohol Use (ARA). The ARA’s mission is to reduce alcohol-related harm through combating the misuse and abuse of alcohol. The YFE program was activated at Rhodes University and proved to be such a successful model for engaging students that we intend to use it at more campuses going forward.

Working with ARAThe ARA is a public benefit organization (PBO) whose members include the leading producers of alcohol beverages in South Africa. The primary targets for its interventions are two broad groups, namely youth and adults who are vulnerable and most at risk of suffering the negative consequences of alcohol misuse. The ARA’s interventions are conducted in partnership with other stakeholders who share similar objectives, such as IARD.

Young Free and EducatedRhodes University not only had a large student body, which was our target group, but it was also set to host the Eastern Cape Intervarsity in 2015, bringing together all the universities in the Eastern Cape, and making it the ideal location as the launch pad for the initiative “Young Free and Educated” (YFE). Intervarsity brought together a large body of our target group of youth between 18 and 25 years old, all potential drivers and many consumers of alcohol. The YFE program is mainly a drink driving program aimed at students to reinforce among them the dangers of drink driving and alcohol misuse. Its objectives are not just informational but also promote

a culture of responsibility, empower campus communities, and enhance the capacity of law enforcement officers.

More specific objectives of YFE going forward include reducing the incidences of drink driving in South African communities by 5%, supporting enforcement of the BAC limit, and promoting healthy lifestyles among youth.

Launching YFE With the ARA and other strategic partners including South African Union of Students (SAUS) and Nelson Mandela Foundation, we successfully launched YFE in July 2015 at an event attended by local partners and media. ARA introduced the program by talking about its objectives and plans for implementation. It was also an opportunity to introduce the program ambassadors, well-known celebrities in South Africa: soccer legend Jabu Mahlangu, music producer Oscar (Oskido) Mdlongwa, cricket legend Makhaya Ntini, and radio personality Chilli M. During the launch, Jabu Mahlangu shared his story of addiction and struggles with alcohol.

Such was the success of the launch at the Nelson Mandela Foundation that the media continued to write about the program three weeks afterwards.

This media launch was followed by a successful public launch at Rhodes

University, reaching 2,500 students and 1,000 youths directly.

So, what did we do? It is not every day you get to engage in a dialogue with thousands of young people about the dangers of drink driving; we were fortunate to have three days with this important target group at Rhodes University. During this time we held drink driving dialogues with smaller groups of students, which featured presentations from South African National Council on Alcoholism and Drugs (SANCA) on the effect alcohol has on the body and a question and answer session with the audience and our panel of experts.

We also held training workshops with student leaders and law enforcement officers focusing on basic knowledge of alcohol, how it impairs driving, and the legal implications of drink driving.

YFE at Rhodes University – a satisfying learning curve The YFE intervention at Rhodes University was a success: it reached thousands of students and increased awareness of ARA

SOUTH AFRICA

Eastern Cape

Where we workedEastern Cape

Key partnersOur key partners made our first year in South Africa a success with their generosity of time, funds, and resources. They include: the Nelson Mandela Foundation, South African Union of Students (SAUS), Brand South Africa, South African National Council on Alcoholism and Drugs (SANCA), and National Association of Student Development Professionals (NASDEV).

3,500Young Free Educated program reached 2,500 Students and 1,000 youth in 2015.

Educating youthOur first project in South Africa began in 2015 in the Eastern Cape, home to Rhodes University, whose small student population had a history of high alcohol consumption. The Eastern Cape is also a largely rural province where very few drink driving interventions have been implemented.


and its work, causing the government to see ARA as a partner in its future work against alcohol misuse. The Road Traffic Management Corporation (RTMC) also showed strong interest and became involved with the YFE.

The YFE program at Rhodes University was a significant learning curve and, as such, provided invaluable information going forward.

The program more than delivered on what it promised, and it will continue to improve as the team moves forward and incorporates learnings into the program planning and implementation.

After Rhodes University Our partnership with the SAUS was richly rewarding, helping us open doors and create opportunities for engaging with young people on the issue of drink driving. With SAUS support, the YFE message was taken to nine provinces as

part of a consultation process. Student representatives from all nine provinces came together in October 2015 to launch the first Students’ Rights and Responsibilities Charter, where the YFE message reached a significant number of students.

Prior to the Intervarsity event in August, each of three university campuses conducted on-campus discussions with their respective students about the dangers of drink driving. Then, as a way of building inter-university linkages, the teams subsequently linked up to share experiences and to coordinate plans for the Intervarsity event. Such peer-to-peer interaction among the universities proved a successful model, as it will allow YFE to cover more campuses in a more cost-effective manner. A university already targeted using this model is KwaZulu Natal (KZN), in partnership with the KwaZulu Natal Provincial Government.

4 partners added to support the program: The Nelson Mandela FoundationSouth African Union of Students (SAUS),Brand South AfricaNational Association of Student Development (NASDEV)

Students attend the activation at Rhodes University


At this workshop attended by our key stakeholders, we were able to look back on five years, which had seen our drink driving enforcement procedures adopted as national policy and taken into effect in 63 provinces nationwide. We had come a long way since the launch of our pilot program in Da Nang in 2010, where we had focused on building capacity and institutionalizing a drink driving prevention program from the ground up.

In addition, on March 31, 2015, we organized with our government partner the Directorate for Roads of Vietnam (DRVN) a summary workshop for the professional drivers’ project, which became self-sustaining in 2014. The professional drivers’ project was completed in the three provinces of Ho Chi Minh City, Dac Lac, and Thanh Hoa.

The two summary workshops were not just a time of reflection on work achieved but also served to highlight the need

to secure funding so that future drink driving projects could continue, which is something we focused on in the second half of 2015.

Looking back at key activities EnforcementIn 2014, in partnership with the Ministry of Transport, we created a program to target professional drivers to support the government’s Resolution 88/NQ-CP, which aimed to improve traffic safety through preventative measures around drink driving. Local alcohol industry members funded the initiative in Ho Chi Minh City, Dac Lac, and Khanh Hoa—a first for the program in Vietnam. With this vital local funding we were able to train stakeholders in data collection at roadside enforcement locations and equip traffic safety inspectors with the skills to conduct checkpoints for bus, taxi, and truck drivers. The focus was on how to use breathalyzers. Following the training in Ho Chi Minh City, 100% of the traffic inspectors could correctly use the breathalyzers we donated. We increased public awareness by staging launch events in Ho Chi Minh City, Da Lac, and Khanh Hoa with support from the Directorate for Roads of Vietnam. We donated two breathalyzers to the traffic inspection forces, distributing leaflets and hanging banners at bus stations. Following Phase 1 activity in 2013, the findings and recommendations were presented to the Ministry of Transport, which then issued Decree 171/2013/ND-CP, updating local procedures to allow bus station managers as well as traffic inspectors to conduct breathalyzer tests for drivers. The funding from local industry and the commitment of the Ministry has meant that our program for professional drivers will be sustained into the future.

The effect of signing into lawSigning the breathalyzer procedures into law had the positive effect of ensuring the procedures we piloted continued to roll out efficiently across the country. The advantage of the best practices, for example, mean that the time it takes to conduct a breathalyzer test at a checkpoint is two minutes, not 20, freeing up police and allowing a larger number of drivers to be tested. In addition, the NTSC and three provincial traffic safety committees showed their support of these procedures by pledging additional funding for this important component of drink driving prevention widely recognized as impactful.

Capacity-building and training Between 2013 and 2015, we held nine capacity-building workshops about road safety best practices. As part of our Professional Drivers’ program in 2014, we held data-collection trainings for our stakeholders in Ho Chi Minh City, Dac Lac, and Khanh Hoa in collaboration with

Ho Chi Minh City

Da Nang

Hanoi

Nghe An

Dac LacKhanh Hoa

Thanh Hoa

VIETNAM

Our Key partners made it possible

The program could not have succeeded without the following key stakeholders who ensured initiatives were carried out, monitored, and evaluated between 2010 and 2015: National Traffic Safety Committee (NTSC), Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Public Security, Provincial Traffic Safety Committees, National Economics University’s Institute for Population and Social Studies, Da Nang University, Ministry of Industry and Trade, Directorate for Roads of Vietnam, Ministry of Public Security’s National Traffic Police Department, Ministry of Health, and Vietnam Beer Alcohol Beverage Association and its member companies.

Looking back to look forward: 2013 – 2015On March 27, 2015, we collaborated with our government partner the National Traffic Safety Committee to hold a national workshop to summarize the five-year implementation of the Global Actions drink driving initiative in Da Nang, Thanh Hoa, and Nghe An.


the Directorate for Roads of Vietnam and the National Economics University’s Institute for Population and Social Studies. For these workshops, national and international experts trained traffic inspectors, Department of Transportation managers, and bus station managers to conduct baseline surveys about the local drink driving situation with a focus on the prevalence of drink driving among professional drivers.

To ensure key stakeholders received training and exposure to international best-practice standards for holding checkpoints in Vietnam, we arranged a state-supported study tour in Australia. Fifteen Vietnamese stakeholders who included senior representatives of the NTSC, the Ministry of Transport, and provincial government agencies, as well as transport and communications companies, went on the study tour. The leader of Nghe An’s provincial traffic council recognized that securing additional provincial financing of road safety would be needed to continue road safety improvements in his province.

In 2015, there was an increasing trend among hospitals to make BAC tests of admitted patients mandatory following involvement in a road traffic crash. Hospital tests were conducted in Da Nang, Nghe An, and Thanh Hoa provinces since the introduction of our program, with half of the hospitals in Thanh Hoa province also introducing BAC tests.

From zero to success In 2014, independent evaluation firm Channel Research visited Vietnam to assess the effectiveness of the drink driving initiative. The Channel Research report noted that the project has accelerated change in both behavior of local stakeholders and awareness of road safety risks in the provinces where the projects were being implemented. There has been tremendous change in Da Nang, exemplified in a province without drink driving enforcement before the introduction of our initiative being able to implement drink driving campaigns five years later, effectively combining enforcement and education efforts.

Our initiative also influenced the way stakeholders work on the drink driving issue. For example, in Da Nang, Thanh Hoa, and Nghe An, each government agency did its own work in traffic safety before the introduction of our project. As an outcome, different government agencies are now working together and are eager to develop a shared plan for drink driving and road safety campaigns across government agencies. With this more coordinated effort, the three provinces also went from rarely allocating additional government funds to a donor project for contributing state budget to the Global Actions project in their cities. By the end of the project, financial support from IARD accounted for just a small portion compared with what local jurisdictions were spending on implementation of the project.

The impact of the drink driving initiative was demonstrated in all six project locations as we continued to see a change in the ways of working over the five years of the project. Before the Global Actions initiative, few drink driving projects were evaluated in these provinces. There has been a shift to understanding the importance and need for scientific and effective evaluation. As a result, local stakeholders are now able to design and conduct evaluation before, during, and after campaign activities. Local partners have also started their own activities after our capacity-building workshops. For example, both Thanh Hoa and Da Nang have encouraged families, students, and vehicle owners to sign a commitment to

50.6%Khanh Hoa

70.2%Nghe An

76.7%Da Nang

Baseline survey

70.0%Khanh Hoa

75.0%Nghe An

94.9%Da Nang

Endline survey

87.8%Da Nang

Last phase

Percentage of survey respondents knowing the regulations on drink driving

Where we worked

Hanoi, Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Dac Lac, Khanh Hoa, and Ho Chi Minh City.


promoting traffic safety. Additionally, Nghe An and Da Nang have mobilized the contribution of local entrepreneurs in communication activities for traffic safety.

The project evaluation conducted by the National Economics University’s Institute for Population and Social Studies also highlights the effects of the initiative. By the end of project cycle, more than 70% of respondents knew regulations about the BAC limit, and this number increased sharply after the project’s implementation. Knowledge about the level of fines for car drivers among respondents increased dramatically compared with figures from before project implementation, and approximately 40% to 60% of respondents in all three provinces had correct knowledge about the regulated penalties.

Mobilizing funding: looking aheadA key goal of 2015 was to generate funding for the future of the drink driving project in Vietnam. In Nghe An, the Provincial Project Steering Committee raised funds from the state budget for project activities and also mobilized financial support from enterprises such as the Dinh Nhan Steel Company for the project’s ongoing communication activities.

IARD also worked with Social Terrain, an international impact measurement and investing consultancy, to explore potential innovative mechanisms to scale up funding of road safety in Vietnam. Social Terrain worked with the IARD country manager and the Vietnamese government to interact with key donor agencies to explore the feasibility of expanding the initiatives. In addition to

donor agencies such as the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade and Asian Development Bank, we also sought support from private sector sources among petroleum, vehicle, and insurance companies. Building efficient and innovative local mechanisms for funding road safety is an increasing priority for governments, and it is recognized by the international community as a critical factor to reach the UN Sustainable Development Goal of reducing road traffic crash fatalities by 50% by the year 2020.

Traffic in Hanoi

The International Alliance for Responsible Drinking (IARD)

The Jefferson Building1225 19th Street NWSuite 500Washington, DC 20036

Phone: 1.202.986.1159Fax: 1.202.986.2080Email: [email protected]: www.iard.org

Documents

Drink Driving Initiative 2015 Summary Reports