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8/13/2019 DRILLING FLUID Presentation -Topshot
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DRILLING FLUID/MUD
CIRCULATING SYSTEM AN
TREATING EQUIPMENTS
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Basics of Circulation
1.Mud begins in the pump
2.Pumped up through thetop of the well into the
drill bit.3.At the bottom of the wellthe fluid is turned aroundand flows back up outside
the drill bit.
4.A system of filters clearsthe mud of impurities.
5.Mud is stored in the mudtank until it gets pulled
into the pump.
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Mud Pump Heart of the system
Smooth operation (minimal bursts or
lags in fluid)Designed to be simple, easy to
maintain, and operate
High pressure
Varying flow rates
Can be linked up with multiple pumps
to increase flow rate or pressureIf failure occurs can cause blow outs,
explosions, etc.
Due to the nature of the accidents,there are generally multiple pumps
on any job.
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HOW IT WORKS
Shown is a common piston pump(layout for the pump on the
previous slide)
1. Tank for the mud to go intowhen the pump is on the push
stroke
2. Flow check valves that preventthe fluid from flowing
backwards.
3. Dampening element designedto balance flow rate.
4. A seal that converts themechanical force of the piston
to the fluid.
5. Piston
6. Shaft for the engine to turn.
2
2
1
3
4
5
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Pump Parameters • Displacement
• Calculated in Liters per Minute
• The larger the diameter of the hofaster it is drilled the greater amocuttings to remove. More cuttingsmore mud and more displacemenpump.
• Typical drilling speed is .4 meter 1 meter per minute
• Pressure
• Pressure varies upon multiple thin
•Larger diameter holes require moto maintain.
• Deeper holes require more pressretrieve cuttings.
• Different formations require differcharacteristics and different press
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Stand Pipe andKelly Hose
Standpipe runs up the length ofthe rig to the Rotary hose
The rotary hose also known asa Kelly hose) is a flexiblesteel reinforced hole that
transmits the mud from thestandpipe to the drill pipe.
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Once the mud travels down the drillpipe it exits the drill pipe and is
forced to turn around
The mud travels back up to the
surface through a space betweenthe drill string and the boreholewall
This space between the drill stringand the borehole is referred to as
the Annulus
When the mud traveling up theAnnulus is when the fluid
characteristics and mud do the mostwork.
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Mud and uttings
Mud remove the cuttings
Cuttings must be removed from thewell to prevent the bit from locking
up
Heavy cuttings require a denser mudto push the cuttings up the hole
Mud preserves the cuttingsThe mud preserves the chemical
composition of the cuttings
The chemical compositions arecritical for mud engineers to
analyze and determine what toadd to the well
Mud suspends the cuttings
During maintenance of the bit orwhen extending the drill pipe, themud prevents the cuttings from
falling back down the well.
M d t it
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Mud transmit powerHydraulic power for the rotation of the drill
bit is transmitted through the mudpumps
Power for the equipment is generatedthrough the mud pumps
Mud Lubricate and Protect Drill Bit
Chemicals in the mud help to lubricatethe drill bit and prevent corrosion.
Failure to lubricate creates air bubblesfrom the corrosion and the possibility of
explosions.
Mud provides cooling for the drill bit as itdrills through formations.
Supports the Drill BitBuoyancy forces help to lift the drill bit up
This removes a portion of the weight off ofthe drilling structure
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Mud and Formations • Seals Permeable formations
• Seals off formations that the dnot want to penetrate; IE Wate
• Creates a thin wall that prevefrom flowing into the well or mflowing out
• Maintains Wellbore Stability
• Prevents the well from cavingor becoming irregular
• Large holes are more difficultand cause low annular flow ra
• Controls formation pressures
• Maintains control of the well
fluids moving in and out of wecontrolled
• Minimizes Formation damage
• When approaching the oil regimaintains the porosity and peof the well.
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Mud and
Cement
Two plugs are sent downwith a cement slurry in-
between them.
Mud provides the drivingforce when pushing thiscement down the hole.
Upon reaching the bottomof the hole the pumps
are stopped to allow thecement to dry.
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Shale Shaker
First part offiltration/mud
preparation systemUsed to remove large
soids and cuttingsfromthe mud
Failure of shale shakercan cause backup in
the system or largesolids to get by and
damage othercomponents in the
system
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How it works
“Dirty” Mud is loaded intoHopper (Back Tank)
Feeds down across theScreening Surface
Vibrations separate the FineSolids and liquids from the
Coarse Solids
Large particles get dumpedinto the Collection Pan
Liquid Mud and Finer Solidsdrop down below and
continue on
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Degasser
Used to remove gases from thesystem
Failure to remove gassescauses pumps to fail early
(best case) or blow outs andhuman causalities (not bestcase)
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“Gassed” mud flows intothe Degasser
Baffles in the Degassercreate a negative
pressureNegative pressure in the
system pulls gasses out
Degassed mud flows out
Gas is released into theatmosphere or burned
off
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“Dirty” mud enters the cyclonechamber
Centripetal force pushes the solidsdown the cyclone chamber out
to the screen box
Clean mud is pushed up thecyclone then continue on
Solids are sprayed onto the screenbox where they are further
separated from any escapedfluids
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MudTank
Functions as astorage unit for the
mud
Maintainshomogenous and
evenly mixture
throughout themud
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How it works
Generally constructed of a steelbox
Mud agitators use blades to turnthe mud inside the tank,
preventing the mud fromsettling
Mud guns use a jet style nozzleto help mix the mud when it
enters the tank
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Safety and Health Hazards/So
Exposure to Mud
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Exposure to Mud
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Activities
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Shaker house •Sampling/monitoring
•Routine operation
•Cleaning/changing sc
•Mud Handling Activit•Exposure
•Inhalation of mist, va
•Skin contact with flu
•
Influencing factors•Flowline temperatur
•Fluid characteristics composition
Activities
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Mixing of Drilling Mud Activities
•Chemical storag
•Manual handlin
•mixing operatio
Exposure•Inhalation
•Skin contact
•Check MSDS forexposure limits
Influencing facto•Hazardous propchemicals
• Packaging
•Form of chemic
substances
Mud House
Mud House Control Sha
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Mud House Control ShaHouse Control
• •Restrict access to hazardous maerials
storage areas• Store an handle chemicals to prevent
damage to packaging
• Provide sufficient space, wellorganised, well lit and ventilated
• Separate incompatible materials
• Provide eyewash and emergencyshower close to work-site
• Never store chemicals in unlabelledcontainers
• Provide suitable spill kits
•Restrict access to
•Enclose shakers wenclosure
•Use canopy hoodstrips
•Do not use non-a
fluid in high presclean screens
•Use mud coolers flowline tempera
•Provide suitable s
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Incidents
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Alert 06-19 Safety Alert(IADS)TEMPORARY PLACEMENT OF MUD HOSE I
WALKWAY RESULTS IN A TRIPPING INCIDE
• What Happened
Roustabout cleaningstorage room.Mud HoseTemporarily placed inwalkway(flagged danger) in frontof storage room. an employeesteps out of the door of storageroom down onto hose.Trips fallstwisted and fractureankle.Employee wearing steeltoe rubber boots that give noankle support and makes footplacement difficult
• Corrective Action
Reroute hose to an aretravelled.Do not step orooms carrying anythinawkward to see wherestepping.Wear boots th
good ankle support anfoot placement easier.steel mud piping if thisfrequent operation
12/14/2013
Employee burned while mixing Caus
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Employee burned while mixing CausSodaEvent date:20/6/01 Source OSHA.G• Employee mixing caustic soda and water.Substance splashed
arm. Sprayed warm water and given vinegar to neutralize csoda.Taken to dog houseand rinsed at shower fro 45 minuteTransported to hospital by helicopter for treat ment.
• Empoyee worked at rigs above 5 years and familiar with dutrequirement of floorman.Was wearing Personal Protective
Equipment(PPE)-face splash shield, apron,protective gloves past elbow
• No emergency shower locate less than 10 seconds away forof hazardous substance
12/14/2013
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12/14/2013
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12/14/2013