Drill

•The elections of 1992 and 2000 each involved challenges from a third party candidate. In your opinion, what might the outcome of these elections have been without those third-party challenges?

Drill

• What types of legislation were passed during the Progressive Era?

Objectives

•SWBAT explain the policies of Presidents Roosevelt, Taft and Wilson.

•SWBAT discuss the events and outcome surrounding the election of 1912.

Three Progressive PresidentsRoosevelt, Taft, and Wilson

Theodore Roosevelt•“square deal”•1902 - mine workers called a strike because of low wages

•nation needed coal

•TR intervened

Theodore Roosevelt•TR called for

arbitration•a third party

decides to a legally binding solution

•arbitrators granted 10% raise and reduced hours from 10 to 9.

Roosevelt’s Trust-busting Policies

• Created the Department of Labor and Commerce in 1903• Allowed the government to regulate big business

and labor relations

• Created the Bureau of Corporations• Find violations of existing anti-trust legislation

(investigated tobacco, meatpacking, steel, and others)

• Filed Anti-trust Lawsuits• A total of 44 lawsuits against companies like the

Standard Oil Trust

Theodore Roosevelt• Hepburn Act - 1906• authorized the

Interstate Commerce Commission to limit rates if shippers complained of poor treatment.

In 1872, Congress established Yellowstone, Wyoming as the first National Park. Yosemite, California was established in 1890.

Yellowstone National Park

Yosemite - Half Dome

Conservation: The Antiquities Act of 1906

• Enables presidents to declare places and objects of historic, prehistoric or scientific significance as national landmarks.

• Roosevelt declared a large portion of the Grand Canyon as a national monument.

William Howard Taft

•Hand-picked by Roosevelt.

•Former Secretary of War.

William H. Taft

•1912 - the government established the Children’s Bureau, which was headed by Julia Lathrop.

William Howard Taft•Carried on Roosevelt’s Progressive legacy.

•90 antitrust cases.

•But...

…he made people mad with his failure at tariff reduction

•Why were Progressives angry?

•This angered Progressives because tariffs favored business and hurt consumers.

Ballinger-Pinchot Affair - 1910•Richard A.

Ballinger, Taft’s Secretary of the Interior allowed a private group to obtain several million acres of Alaskan land with rich coal deposits.

Ballinger-Pinchot Affair•Gifford Pinchot,

appointed to head the Forest Service by TR, protested.

•Taft fired Pinchot.•Ballinger

investigated. •Never found guilty.•Eventually resigned.Gifford Pinchot

Election of 1912

v.

for republican

primary nomination

Taft campaigning

Taft won the Republican nomination

Theodore Roosevelt formed the Progressive Party

•Known as the “Bull Moose” Party.

•Formed in 1912.

“Bull Moose” Party•When TR was

asked about his physical health in running for election he replied, “I feel as fit as a bull moose!”

The Election of 1912

Roosevelt, Taft, Wilson, and Debs

Progressive Republican Democrat Socialist

Election of 1912

Woodrow Wilson

•Former governor of New Jersey.

Woodrow Wilson

•1913 - established the Federal Reserve System.

•It allows banks to borrow money to prevent bank failures.

Woodrow Wilson

•1914 - created the Federal Trade Commission to enforce federal trade regulations.

Woodrow Wilson

•1914 - Clayton Antitrust Act strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act.

Woodrow Wilson•1916 - appointed William Brandeis to the Supreme Court.

•First Jewish justice.

Summary

•Who were the three Progressive Presidents?

•How did Wilson become president?

•How were their policies “progressive”?