Upload
herbert-claytor
View
238
Download
3
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
As Ernest Hemingway once said, “The dignity of movement of an iceberg is due to only one-eighth of it being above water.”
GREAT MASS-FOUNDATION OF INFERTILTY PRACTICE
INFERTILITY IS NOT THE DUMPING GROUND OF FAILED OBSTETRICIANS BUT ACME OF THEIR CARRIER
ADEQUATE KNOWLEDGE OF PHYSIOLOGY,ANATOMY,ENDOCRINOLOGY,PATHOLOGY, PSYCHOLOGY,ULTRASONOGRAPHY, ENDOSCOPY,OBS &GYNE, ANDROLOGY,EMBRYOLOGY,
ART SPECIALIST
LEADERSHIP WITH VISION,MISSION,COMMITMENT AND INTENSE PASSION
SELF EFFACEMENT SPIRITUAL UNDERSTANDING OF ALL RELIGIONS DEDICATION DEVOTION UNTIRING HARDWORK EXCELLENT HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT INVENTORY MANAGEMENT FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
Is it the pregnancy rate?
Is it the number of research papers published?Is it the number of lectures delivered?Is it the position in the medical society?
No .none of these can be measured as successPregnancy rate can be increased by denying
treatment to all who are likely to have more failures like eldely , tb, severe endometriosis, etc
Is it the number of research papers published?
No, you can cut, paste and publish articles as many as you want. how many are path breaking.how many have got noble prize.
Is it the number of lectured delivered?
Well ,those who can do will do others will give lectures………….. like me.
Is it the position in the medical society?
Well …politics is bad every where?Who suffers ….the patient.
HISTORY TAKING
Couples with infertility problem should be interviewed separately as well as together, to bring out important facts that one partner might not wish to disclose to the other. Full history taking of both partners usually denotes the underlying problem
Clinical examination
Full clinical examination of both partners usually stands for the underlying physical problem.
By the end of this step, most of healthcare professionals will be able to sketch out their provisional diagnosis.
Investigations will be requested to prove the clinical diagnosis and to exclude other close possibilities.
Many infertile couples have had some previous assessment for their infertility and this data should be cautiously reviewed.
Further investigations may be requested according to the clinical presentation and the results of preliminary tests.
Omitting unnecessary investigations, in particular couples, could reduce total cost of their infertility management without compromising their success rate.
A woman who has no history suggestive of previous pelvic inflammatory disease or endometriosis, there is no justification to request a laparoscopy especially after normal hysterosalpingography study .
Similarly, there is no need for testing tubal patency for couples who will require IVF or ICSI procedure.
Sources of EB for The Topic
o PubMedo Cochrane library .o Evidence based recommendations
RCOGo WHOo Journal of evidence based
obstetrics and gynecology.o National Guideline Clearinghouse .
Diagnostic tests for infertility are categorized into 3 categories.
1-Testes which have an established correlation with pregnancy.
2- Testes which are not consistently correlated with pregnancy.
3-Testes which seem not to correlate with pregnancy.
ESHRE Capri workshop 2000
ESHRE Capri workshop 2000
The First Category The Basic Routine Infertility Investigation
Tests which have an established correlation with pregnancy are:
1- Semen analysis 2-Tubal patency by HSG or
laparoscopy 3-Mid luteal progesterone for the
diagnosis of ovulation
National Guideline Clearinghouse 2000
RCOG Guidelines : Grade B Recommendation 1999
The Second Category
Testes which are not consistently
correlated with pregnancy as. Zona-free hamster egg penetration
tests.Post coital test.Antisperm antibodies assays.
ESHRE Capri workshop 2000
RCOG Guidelines : Grade B Recommendation 1999
The Third Category
Includes tests which seem not to correlate with pregnancy as:
Endometrial dating. Varicocele assessment. Chlamydial testing. May have a role in special
situations
ESHRE Capri workshop 2000
Hysteroscopy U/S ??
Hysteroscopy.U/S scan of the endomerium.
Are not recommended in the routine. Investigation of the infertile couple.
RCOG Guidelines : Grade C Recommendation
T3, T4, TSH & PL??
There is no value in measuring
thyroid function or prolactin in women with a regular menstrual cycle, in the absence of galactorrhoea or symptoms of thyroid disease.
RCOG Guidelines : Grade B Recommendation 2001
Day 3 (FSH) And Estradiol
D3 (FSH) and (E2)estradiol for patients >35 years. because of their reduced window of fertility potential.Bloomington: Institute for Clinical Systems
Improvement (ICSI); 2000 The National Guideline Clearinghouse .Modified 2002
Semen Analysis
Serial semen samples (at least two) should be assessed in the same laboratory
The lower limit of the normal semen testing is
> 15 million/mL. >30% progressive motility>4% normal forms
WHO,2010
Semen Analysis
In a RCT, the determination of motility characteristics as obtained by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA ) systems is of limited value . (Krause ,1995 ).
CASA is not superior to conventional semen analysis.
RCT= Randomized control trial
Azoospermia:Testicular biopsy
Testicular biopsy should be performed only in the context of a tertiary service where there are facilities for sperm recovery and cryostorageRCOG Guidelines :Grade C Recommendation
General AdviceWeight loss if BMI > 30,
Women should give up smoking (B). Men should give up smoking (C)
RCOG Guidelines
Regular intercourse throughout the cycle,rather than the use of temperature charts and LH detection (C)
Male SubfertilityOligo/asthenospermia
Gonadotrophin is effective for treatment for male hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism.
However, drug treatments are ineffective in the treatment of idiopathic male infertility.
RCOG Guidelines : Grade B Recommendation
Male Subfertility
IUI offers couples with male subfertility benefit over timed intercourse, both in natural cycles and in cycles with COH.
Mild ovarian hyperstimulation with gonadotrophins is advised in cases with less severe semen defects (motile sperm concentration > 10 million).
Cohlen et al., January 1999 (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 2 2002. Oxford: Update Software.
Oligo/asthenospermia
Male Subfertility
Intrauterine insemination with or without ovarian stimulation is an effective treatment where the man has abnormalities of semen quality, but it has to be remembered that the pregnancy rates even after treatment remain very low (A)
Cohlen et al., January 1999 (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 2 2002. Oxford: Update Software.
Oligo/asthenospermia
Varicocele Varicocele treatment should be offered when all of the following are present:1. A varicocele is palpable.2. The couple has documented
infertility.3. The female has normal fertility or
potentially correctable infertility.4. The male partner has one or more
abnormal semen parameters .
Baltimore (MD): American Urological Association, Inc.; 2001 Apr. 9 p. [15 :National Guideline Clearinghouse modified 2002
Obstructive Azoospermia
Vasectomy reversal and surgical correction of epididymal blockage (microsurgical)can be considered in cases of obstructive azoospermia .
It needs Expert hands.
RCOG Guidelines : Grade B Recommendation
ICSIIntracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is
indicated in Severe deficits in semen quality Obstructive azoospermia . Non-obstructive azoospermia . Previous IVF cycle with failed or
very poor fertilisation.
RCOG Guidelines : Grade A Recommendation
Ovulation Disorders
Clomiphene C. is an effective treatment for anovulation in appropriately selected women.(A)
(Mild to moderate WHO type 1 T type 2 dysfunction)
Up to 12 cycles of treatment should be considered (B).
RCOG Guidelines
Ovulation Disorders
FSH and hMG are both effective for ovulation induction in women with clomiphene resistant polycystic ovarian syndrome.
RCOG Guidelines : Grade A Recommendation
Ovulation Disorders
There is no advantage in routinely using GRh analogues in conjunction with gonadotrophins for ovulation induction in women with clomiphene-resistant PCOS
RCOG Guidelines : Grade A Recommendation
Hyperprolactinaemia
Dopamine agonists are effective treatment for women with anovulation due to hyperprolactinaemia
RCOG Guidelines : Grade A Recommendation
PCO:Laparoscopic “Drilling"
Laparoscopic ovarian drilling with either diathermy or laser is an effective treatment for anovulation in women with clomiphene-resistant PCOS
RCOG Guidelines : Grade A
PCO:Laparoscopic “Drilling"
There is insufficient evidence of a difference in pregnancy rates between :Laparoscopic ovarian drilling after 6-12 m
follow up & Gonadotrophins 3-6 cycles .Multiple pregnancy are considerably reduced after laparoscopic drilling.
.
Farquhar et al., August 2001 (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 2 2002. Oxford: Update Software.
Endometriosis :Minimal &Mild
Surgical ablation of minimal And mild endometriosis improves
fertility in subfertile women
RCOG Guidelines : Grade A Recommendation
Endometriosis : Mild
Also , ovarian stimulation with IUI is more effective for them than either no treatment or IUI alone.
RCOG Guidelines : Grade A Recommendation
Endometriosis :Moderate to Severe
Surgical treatment may improve fertility but controlled studies and comparisons with assisted reproduction techniques are required (B).
RCOG Guidelines : Grade B Recommendation
Endometriosis-associated infertility
Hormonal therapy for ovulation suppression cannot be recommended as a standard therapy for endometriosis-associated infertility.
So drug treatments don’t improve conception rate.
Hughes et al., 1996 (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 2 2002. Oxford: Update Software.
RCOG Guidelines : Grade A Recommendation
Microsurgical Tubal Surgery
Microsurgical tubal surgery may be appropriate for :
Mild distal tubal disease ( Laparoscopy).
Proximal tubal obstruction, or Re-anastomosis to reverse sterilization .
If pregnancy has not occurred within 12 m of surgery, IVF should be discussed.
RCOG Guidelines : Grade B Recommendation
Microsurgical Tubal SurgeryMild distal tubal disease
Micro scissor Cutting fimbrial band
Cutting fimbrio-omental band
Dissection of fimbriae adherent to the uterus
Tubal Catheterization
Where proximal tubal obstruction is suspected, and there are no other tubal abnormalities, a tubal catheterisation procedure may be attempted
RCOG Guidelines : Grade B Recommendation
Tubal Catheterization
Bilateral Cornual Block
Amorphous material
R. Ovary
R. fimbria
Cornual catheterization
Moderate to Severe Distal tubal Disease
. IVF should be considered
as the first line treatment
for moderate to severe
distal tubal disease
RCOG Guidelines : Grade B Recommendation
Hydrosalpinges & IVF,
Laparoscopic salpingectomy should be considered for all women with hydrosalpinges prior to IVF treatmentJohnson et al., March 2002(Cochrane Review). In: The
Cochrane Library, Issue 2 2002. Oxford: Update Software.
Unexplained Infertility
Expectant management (no treatment) for up to three years of trying should be considered, taking into consideration the woman's age.
RCOG Guidelines : GradeC Recommendation
Unexplained Infertility
The effective treatment for unexplained infertility is ovarian stimulation in conjunction with IUI . If failed IVF is recommended.
RCOG Guidelines : Grade A Recommendation
TIPS FOR IVF
LOOK AT ALL PREVIOUS RECORDS TO GET ALL THE RELEVANT CRUCIAL INFORMATION.
NEVER CRITICIZE YOUR COLLEGUES IN FRONT OF PATIENTS.
MUST UNDERSTAND ALL THE PROTOCOLS,IVF LAB MANAGEMENT,MANAGEMENT OF COMPLICATIONS.
REGULAR KNOWLEDGE UPGRADATION TROUBLE SHOOTING