Drawer Compacted Sand Filter for greywater treatment

when a type of home furniture used as a unit for water treatment…!

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Presented by:

Almoayied Assayed Ph.D

Royal Scientific Society

& Sustainable Development for Water, Energy and Environment Solutions

LLC.(Amman- Jordan)

Presented to:

Investors/researchers/ institutions INTERESTED in small and simple water treatment technologies, Hygiene and Sanitation

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1. Institution/company snapshot

Royal Scientific Society (RSS) – Centre for Water and Environment

RSS is the largest applied research institution, consultancy, & technical support service provider in Jordan. RSS has been the local and regional reference point and knowledge leader for science and technology using scientific and engineering research to power economic development and social progress. Target market: Water, sanitation and hygiene. Customers: Relief organizations, refugee camps, municipalities. Founded: 1970 Headquarter: Jordan

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2. What is the problem?

- A big percentage of people living in MENA region are not served with sewage network

65%

66%

72%

76%

46%

35%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Jordan

Eygpt

Morocco

Iraq

Yeman

Sudan

Sewerage coverage

Using on-site cesspools to discharge their wastewater is causing diseases outbreaks and contamination of freshwater resources

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- Using centralized wastewater treatment in many places is not technically applicable/feasible

Scattered houses- Miscellaneous

Temporary crowded camps

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2. The solution

DECNTRALIZED WASTEWATER TREATMENT

Black water Greywater 70-80%

20-30%

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BUT, What are the criteria for the successful decentralized wastewater treatment unit?

B : Being safe during handling, operation and maintenance E : Economically feasible A : Aesthetically acceptable U : User-friendly T : Technically sound I : Installation & operation is done after minimal training F : Forbearance L : Low land footprint

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Assessment of decentralized greywater technologies based on “BEAUTIFUL” criteria: Matrix

Constructed Wet Land (CWT)/Recirculating WT

Intermittent Sand Filter (ISF)

Anaerobic Up flow Sludge Blanket (UASB)

Rotating Biological Contactor (RBC)

Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR)

Membrane Bio-Reactor (MBR)

Multi-soil layering system (MSL)

Drawer Compacted Sand Filter (DCSF)

Modified Septic tank (MST)

BEAU

TIFU

L c

riter

ia

-Relatively efficient in BOD5 removal reaches 70-95%. -TN was removed in some cases by 60-70%. -Efficient in TSS removal and reached 80-85%. -Inefficient in e-coli removal, thus requires disinfection. - No breaking downs have been reported in literatures.

-Efficient in BOD5 and COD removal >95%. -Efficient in TSS removal >95%. -Efficient in E.coli removal (depends on the effective size of sand media). - Clogging problem and offensive odors due to anaerobic conditions at lower parts of bed. - Requires high land area (same as CWT).

-COD removal<60

%. -TN<30%. -No E-coli removal. -MBAS removal <30%. - Needs high temperature >35C°. -Performance is highly affected by anionic surfactants. -small footprint

-Efficient in organic removal >90%. -Efficient in TN removal; TN reduced from 8 to 1 mg/l. -E.coli colonies were high in the effluent, thus disinfection is required. - No breaking downs have been reported in literatures. It doesn’t produce bad odors.

-Efficient in organic removal>85%. -Able to eliminate 95% of anionic surfactant. -Efficient in TN and TP removal. -Disinfection is required. - Fluctuation in organic loads and the presence of H2S would cause the phenomena of” bulking”. --small footprint

-Efficient in organic matter removal; BOD5 reduced from a range of 99-221 to < 5mg/l. -COD reduced from range of 130-493 to 15-24mg/l. -Efficient in TSS and E.coli removal (in most of experiment, TSS and E.coli were not detected in effluent). - Frequent fouling of membranes.

-BOD5 removal>90%, COD removal >85% -Efficient in E.coli removal - Innovative

-BOD5 removal>90%, COD removal >85% -Efficient in E.coli removal.

- Susceptible to any change in organic and hydraulic loads. --small footprint - Innovative

-COD removal >95% -BOD >90% -MBAS removal >90%. - No removal in bacteria. --small footprint - Innovative

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Based on the matrix for technology assessment, Drawer Compacted Sand Filter met all criteria and was ranked FIRST

Drawer Compacted Sand Filter (DCSF)

Developed by:

Almoayied Assayed Ph.D

Researcher at Royal Scientific Society (RSS) Founder of Sustainable Development for Water, Energy and

Environment Solutions LLD.

Jonathan Chenoweth and Steven Padley Ph.D

Professors in Environmental Technology at the University of Surrey – United Kingdom

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3. What is the underlying recipe for DCSF? Placing the sand media in movable

perforated drawers.

The drawers are stacked vertically and the water applied at the upper drawer and goes downward.

Greywater

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OK… So What?!

Oxygen movement is facilitated – No anoxic conditions, thus no unpleasant odors

Easy maintenance – sliding out the drawer/ mixing up the media and put the drawer back

Flexible –portable and several kinds of media can be used.

Doesn’t need more than 1.5 m2, thus can be placed at rooftop, backyard or stairwell.

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How DCSF has been tested?

Stage 1: Laboratory/bench scale : 2010-2012 The purpose was to answer the question of what the optimum hydraulic and organic load for DCSF. The phase ended up with identifying the key design parameters for DCSF. The findings were published in one peer-reviewed Journal.

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Stage 2: pilot scale: 2012-2014

NINE pilot units have been installed at different places in Jordan

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How was the performance?

Before After

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

BOD5 COD TSS

% o

f rem

oval

main parameters

- The monitoring lasted nearly 14 months and samples were taken frequently from inlet and outlet.

Biological organic matter content

Chemical organic matter content

Total Suspended Solids

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What were the socio-economic aspects?

Focus group discussion was conducted with all users and showed the following: • DCSF was able to provide 150-200 L of good water

for urban agriculture activities. • The cash flow analysis showed that payback period

for the DCSF is 1.45 year.

• User’s satisfaction was almost 100%. Sliding the drawer out and mixing up the media inside was sufficient to restore the filtering media and delay clogging occurrence.

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Scripts from users during the focus group discussion (transcribed and recorded )

What’s made me happy with this treatment unit that the process of treatment is quite straightforward; it does not need a professional operator

The maintenance is easy, every 3 months I need to

take out the movable basin and clean the sand in it then

put it back again

I used to hire a private tanker to empty the cesspool; I had to pay 35

JD for every 3 months for that purpose. Since the unit installed, I have stopped having to empty the

cesspool

K.A – household (2) at Amman

governorate

W.T – Adadi Alkhair society (NGO) at

Amman governorate

S.B – Household (1) at Tafeilah governorate

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4. Business model

• Commercial name has been given to DCSF and the logo has also been designed

The logo and commercial name of DCSF

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A. Value proposition

Saving 20-30% of

freshwater

Delay the cesspool

emptying by 3 times

Flexible, reliable, and

cost effective

unit

Food production

By replacing it with treated greywater

Continuous supply of greywater 100-200 L/day

By reusing 70-80% of the wastewater discharged

Can be used for different kinds of water, portable and small size

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B. Customer segments

Refugee affairs organizations

(UNHCR, UNICEF, etc.)

Household with no sanitation

system (in Jordan 40%)

Schools and industries

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3. Distribution channels

Exhibitions

Jordanian Engineering Association

Website and YouTube Videos

Liaison offices

Demo. grants

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D. Gross margins - Cost: based on pilot stage

Item Unit Total Cost / $ US 1. Capital cost

Metal frame 1 120 PVC drawers 6 90 Collection tank (raw grey water) 1 70 Small pump 1 20 Silica sand 5 bags (50 Kg/bag) 40 Spiral hose 15 m 23 Pipes and fittings Pipes 20 mm and 25 mm, 23 Collection tank (treated grey water) 1 15 Digital timer 1 60 Electrical cable 10-20 m 20 Labor 2 50

Total capital cost $530 2. Maintenance and operation

Electricity 30 Volt pump 25/year Spare pump 1 50/year

Total maintenance and operation $ 75

In case of commercialization and professional manufacturing, this

cost should be far lower

- Revenue

Revenue for each unit

Selling price Acutal

cost Maintanance for 2 years Net profit

$ 1,000 $ 530 $ 150 $ 320

Number of houses that are not served with sewage network in Jordan is about 500,000 houses. Assume only 10% will be interested;

Revenue for all units

Total number of units

Net profit /unit

$ 50,000 $ 320 $ 16,000,000

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5. Competition In Jordan, we expect 100% market share with no competition, because of:

Low cost: this unit is a low cost unit comparing to other on-site greywater treatment units in the market.

Innovative: this product is simple and innovative technology.

Very small footprint, efficient in pollutants removal, easy maintenance and can be used for urban agricultural purposes.

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6. Financial projections First year

Capital Cost Cost Income $ Revenue $ Manufactory set up 100,000 machines and injectors 150,000 Miscellaneous 30,000

Operational cost Unit manufacturing for 500 units 265,000 500,000 235,000 promotion 5000 Demo sites 2000 Spare parts and maintenance 75000 Net revenue 153,000

Second year Unit manufacturing for 500 units 265,000 500,000 235,000 promotion 5000 Spare parts and maintenance 75000 Net revenue 155,000

Third year Egypt office 15,000 promotion 20,000 Unit manufacturing for 2000 units 1,060,000 2,000,000 940,000 Spare parts and maintenance 300,000 Net revenue 605,000

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7. Current status and accomplishments to date

• The filter has been selected by Social Entrepreneurship Outreach Accelerator Stockholm 2014 out of 100 applicants.

• Has recently received EU-fund to install another 3 pilot units.

• Looking for funds to investigate the performance in removal of pathogens and pharmaceutical pollutants and to investigate using other types of treatment media

Thank you for your attention

Almoayied Assayed Ph.D

Sustainable Development for Water, Energy and

Environment Solutions SWEES

&

Royal Scientific Society

Amman – Jordan Tel. +962 777 726 716

Email : almoayied.assayed@gmail.com or

almoayied.assayed@rss.jo

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Direct benefits of DCSF

• Using DCSF for greywater treatment and urban agriculture will reduce the quantities of black water that need to be discharged and treated at the central wastewater treatment plant.

• On-site reusing of greywater by using our innovation (DCSF) will keep the surrounding environment (particularly, surface and ground water) from the cross contamination, by closing the nutrient and water cycle (closed loop approach).

• Urban agriculture will improve the diet of local communities, which would impact positively on the health status.

• Using DCSF for urban agriculture will improve the status of food security among poor and middle income households in urban and peri-urban areas, thus increase their resilience to any external shocks. This might reduce the amount of food coming across borders (i.e. imported food).

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Flow rate L/day

Organic load Source of grey water

No. of racks

No. of drawers for each rack

Dimension of each drawer (cm)

Spaces between drawers

Media of treatment D=drawer (Depth of media 10 cm)

10-60 36- 49 g BOD5.m-2.d-1

Total grey water

1 6 75*75*14 6-8 cm D1: gravels (2.5 mm), D2 and D3: Silica sand (1.3 mm) D4 and D5: Silica sand (0.7 mm). D6: granular activated carbon and silica sand (0.7mm)

60-120 36- 49 g BOD5.m-2.d-1

Total grey water

2 6 75*75*14 6-8 cm The same as above for each rack.

10-120 <36 g BOD5.m-2.d-1

Grey water excluding the kitchen sinks

1 6 75*75*14 6 – 8 cm The same as above

120-240 <36 g BOD5.m-2.d-1

Grey water excluding kitchen sinks

2 6 75*75*14 6 – 8 cm The same as above

10-80 36-49 g BOD5.m-2.d-1

Kitchen and hand washing sinks.

1 6 75*75*14 6 – 8 cm D1: gravels (2.5 mm), D2: Silica sand (1.3 mm) D3: Silica sand (0.7 mm), D4: Silica sand (0.3 mm), D5: Activated carbon and Silica sand (0.3 mm).

Design parameters for DCSF

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Dwellin

g #

BOD5 COD TSS pH EC E.coli

In Out % In Out % In Out % In Out In Out In Out log

reduction

1 1965±1

124

224±1

55

89% 3646±

91

242±1

21

93% 298±4

6

55±45 82% 5.9±0.3

8

7.3±0.2

5

1428±4

2

1787±5

71

NA NA NA

2 341±12

2

22.0±1

0.0

94% 394±4

5

26.0±

15

93% 127±1

4

13.0±1

0.0

90% 6.5±0.3 6.5±0.2

9

841±10

6

950±33 2.35E+

02

82 2 logs

3 785±25 18.5±1

3

98% NA 26±10 NA 114±6

7

2±1 98% 7.00±0.

2

7.6±0.2 1132±3

0

980±28 2.40E+

07

13 6 logs

4 2603±1

308

453±7

6

83% NA NA NA 304±5

5

170±3

5

44% 5.7

±0.3

6.7±0.1

5

1912

±100

2266±1

75

NA NA NA

5 217±61 9.0±6.

0

96% 385±1

26

18.0±

9.0

95% 78±29 3.0±3.

0

96% 7.18±0.

2

7.9±0.1

8

937±17

3

960±85 2.30E+

02

4 2 logs

6 248±13

3

19.0±8

.0

92% 376±1

11

47±28 88% 76±51 11.0±6

.0

86% 8.2±0.6

2

7.9±0.4 1779±4

20

2189±1

03

33 12 NA

7 587±16

1

132±3

0.0

78% 816±1

39

195±7

2.0

76% 91±47 28.0±6

.0

69% 5.53±0.

43

7.48±0.

2

693±74 1244±2

45

5.24E+

02

6.35E+02 NA

8 520±63 70.0±2

7.0

87% 676±1

21

121.0

±48

82% 206±8

6

25.0±8

.0

88% 6.7±0.2

5

7.5±0.3

9

1610±1

25

1855±2

45

1.60E+

04

1.60E+03 1 log

9 259±25 10±3.0 96% 385±4

2

42.0±

18 0

89% 101±1

1

11.0±3

0

89% 7.29 7.70 1470 2650 1.30E+

03

2 3 logs

The quality of treated greywater for each household – pilot units