Human Body

Warm UpDraw Label and Describe Each Organism

Amoeba•Moves by Psuedopods•Binary Fission

Volvox•Live in colonies•Flagellum•Both types of reproduction

Eugelena•Flagellum•Plant/Animal characteristics•Binary fission

Paramecium•Moves by cilia•Binary Fission•Both types of reproduction

Skeletal System

Protect body and give shapeProtect organsProvide a scaffolding to allow movementStore minerals and make blood

Levels of OrganizationCells

The most basic unit of lifeMake up all living thingsPerform specific jobs

TissueGroups of similar tissue that work togetherClassified according to functions:

1). Epithelial- covers inner and outer body

2). Nerve- carries electrical impulses throughout the body

3). Muscle- functions in movement4). Connective- provides support, strength, padding, insulation

Levels of OrganizationOrgan

Structure made up of 2 or more tissue to work together to carryout a function

Organ SystemsGroup of organs that performs together to help the body meets it needs

Muscular System

Allows the body to move

Types of Muscles:Skeletal: moves bones

Contract quickly and tire easily

Cardiac: Only in the heart Never tires

Smooth: internal organsContract and relax

steady

Involuntary/Voluntary

Involuntary: muscles you Cannot control

Ex. Heart, Lungs

Voluntary: muscles you Can control

Ex. Arms, Legs

Respiratory SystemFunctions

To get oxygen from the environment and remove carbon dioxide and other waste from your body

High levels of carbon dioxide will damage/destroy cells

Cells need proper levels (homeostasis)

Cellular Respiration

Cells use oxygen and glucose (sugar) to make energy. Occurs in the mitochondria

Parts of the Respiratory System

Epiglottis: prevents food and liquids from going in lungsTrachea: tubes that air passes through to bronchial tubesBronchial Tubes: carry air into lungsLungs: two organs located on either side of the heart where gas exchange (respiration) occursAlveoli: exchanges the gases in the lungsDiaphragm: contracts allowing the lungs to expand

Circulatory System

Functions

Carries oxygen and nutrients to cells in the bodyCarries waste materials awayCarries hormones and antibodies

Three Major parts:HeartBlood Blood vessels

Heart

Organs that pumps bloodPulmonary Circulation: movement of blood from the heart-lungs-back to heartCoronary Circulation: movement of blood through the heartSupplies blood to cell in rest of the body

Circulatory SystemBlood

Carries nutrients, water, oxygen, and waste to/from cells

Red Blood Cells: carry oxygen from the lungs to the cellsTakes carbon dioxide back to the lungsMade in bone marrow

White Blood Cells: protects the body from germsGuards against infections, fight parasites, and attack bacteria

Platelets: blood cells that form a net-like structure to from a clot

Plasma: liquid part of blood that carries salt, nutrients, hormones, etc.

Blood VesselsHollow tubes that circulate blood

Arteries: Carry blood AWAY from the heartMain artery called AortaOxygen-Rich

Veins: Carry blood TO the heartTransports waste-rich/oxygen-poor back to lungs and heart

Capillaries: Given oxygen and nutrients to cellRemoves wasteConnect arteries and veins

Excretory SystemFunctions

Regulate body fluids usually as urine or sweatRemove metabolic waste from bloodControls RBC’s formation Regulate Blood PressureRegulate absorption of Calcium

Parts Kidneys: Main organ that keeps saltwater balanced in the bodyUreter: Carries urine away from the kidneysUrethra: Carries urine away from the bladder to outside the bodyBladder: Storage area for urine until releasedSkin: excretes salts, water, and heat; usually as sweatLungs: excretes carbon dioxideLiver: changes ammonia a poisonous product of protein digestion into urine

Digestive SystemFunction

The digestive system is a group of organs working together to change food into energy and basic nutrients to feed the entire body.

Step One: food is broken down into tiny pieces in the mouth.

Step Two: food travels down a long tube called an esophagus that connects the mouth to the stomach through peristalsis

Process and Parts

Step Three: Stomach breaks down food by churning, using enzymes, stomach acid, and mucus. Mixture in called chyme

Gall Bladder create bile to break down fats

Step Four: Nutrients are absorbed through villi in small intestines. Blood vessels send it to the entire body

Step Five: water is drained from the excess waste in the large intestine.

Step Six: waste remain in anus until released through rectum

Integumentary/Nervous SystemsIntegumentary Functions of the Skin

Repels waterGuards against infectionsMaintains homeostasisSenses the environment

Skin: protects the body from outside materials

Sweat Glands: control body temperature

Oil Glands: gives moisture to skin and hairSkin grows at the base of epidermisMelanin gives skin brownish color

Nervous Stimulus: change to your environment that you react toCould be any of the 5 senses

Central Nervous System:Brain and spinal cordCommunicates with the nervous system through nerve cellsNeuron: Nerve CellSpinal Cord: Connects brain and nerves throughout the body

Peripheral Nervous System:Nerves found throughout the body

Endocrine SystemFunctions

The endocrine system is instrumental in regulating: moodGrowth and development Tissue functionMetabolismsexual function and reproductive processes.Glands produce hormones and discharges them directly into the blood streamHormones chemicals that are made in one organ and travel throughout the blood to a second organ

Glands

Parathyroid (neck): releases and absorb calciumAdrenal (kidneys): produces adrenalineHypothalamus( brain): regulates body temperaturePituitary (brain): releases growth hormoneOvaries (pelvic): puberty (Women)Testes (groin): puberty (Men)Pancreas (abdomen): produces insulin and glucagon

Immune SystemFunction

Protects the body from foreign material

Active vs. PassiveActive: Antibodies made by your own bodyPassive: Antibodies made in another animal and introduced to your body

1st line of defensesIntegumentary: bacteria on skinRespiratory: sneezing/ coughingDigestive: stomach acid, saliva

Antigen: a harmful substance that causes the body to produce antibodies

Antibody: produced by the body to fight disease

Immunity: resistance to sickness

Vaccine: small amounts of weakened or dead pathogen that stimulate an immune response

Antibiotic: medicines that block the growth and reproduction of bacteria.

Homeostasis Activity- ALL STUDENTSStand up and balance on one foot until the teacher tells you put your foot down.Sit down at your seat.Take your pulse for 15 secondsMultiply this number by 4 to get their resting pulse rateComplete jumping jacks for 1 minuteTake pulse for 15 secondsMultiply this number by 4 to get their resting pulse ratePredict what your pulse will be after 2 minutes, 3 minutes, 4 minutes, etc…until you get your resting pulse rate

Classwork

Read the article on Homeostasis and answer the 3 questions at the end of the text. work on the worksheet that has been provided put answers in your notebook . Once you have finished working on your EOG PacketWe will review this packet the last 10 minutes of classThis packet should go home with you and you Need to Study!!