DRAFT Fire Management Plan - Home | NSW Environment ... · Draft Fire Management Plan Royal Reserves: Volume 1 2 DRAFT FIRE MANAGEMENT PLAN for Royal, Heathcote National Parks and

Draft Fire Management Plan Royal Reserves: Volume 1

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DRAFT

Fire Management Plan

Royal National Park,Heathcote National Park and

Garawarra State Recreation Area

Volume 1

NATIONALPARKS ANDWILDLIFESERVICE


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DRAFT




Volume 1



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DRAFTFIRE MANAGEMENT PLAN

forRoyal, Heathcote National Parks and


This draft fire management plan is on public exhibition and members of the public, eitherindividually or as representatives of community interest groups, and governmentauthorities are invited to comment on it. All submissions received will be considered byNPWS before adopting this plan.

The closing date for comments on this draft plan is:

31 March 2002

Comments should be forwarded to:

Regional ManagerNational Parks and Wildlife ServicePO Box 44Sutherland NSW 2232

For additional information or inquiries on the management of fire in Royal and Heathcotenational parks or Garawarra State Recreation Area, please visit the Regional Office atRoyal National Park, Sutherland/Loftus or telephone (02) 9542 0636 during businesshours.

This draft has been endorsed by:

Manager, Central DirectorateNSW National Parks and Wildlife Service


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AcknowledgmentsThe author of this plan was Jennifer Bean. The plan was initially drafted by Anthony Ferguson. Significant editorial contribution was provided by Margaret Brown and Sharon Evans.

NPWS staff Bill Sullivan, Greg Tedder, Ross Kinnish, Tony Dowd, Patricia Nagle, RossBradstock and Gaylene Jones all gave freely of their time and knowledge.

Chris Togher, Felicity Faulkener and Peter Bowen undertook the mapping and assistedwith interpretation.

Advice and assistance was also provided by Debbie Andrews.

This publication is copyright.Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of private study, research, criticismor review, as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproducedby any process without written permission. Inquiries should be addressed to theNSW National Parks and Wildlife Service.

Published by the NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, April 2001.Sydney South Region,PO Box 44,Sutherland, NSW 2232.

Cover photograph – Royal National Park (B. Sullivan)

ISBN 07313 62225

Edited by: Anita Ray


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ContentsExecutive summary.................................................................................................... 7

1. Introduction.................................................................................................... 101.1 Scope and purpose .................................................................................... 101.2 Procedures for adopting a fire management plan.......................................... 111.3 Definition of terms ...................................................................................... 12

2. Policy environment for fire planning............................................................. 162.1 Fire management policy.............................................................................. 16

2.1.1 National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974............................................... 162.1.2 Rural Fires Act 1997........................................................................ 162.1.3 Fire Brigades Act 1989.................................................................... 172.1.4 Protection of the Environment Operations Act 1997.......................... 172.1.5 Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 ..................................... 172.1.6 Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979............................ 172.1.7 Local environmental plans................................................................. 172.1.8 NSW Biodiversity Strategy .............................................................. 18

2.2 Fire management policies of NPWS............................................................ 182.3 Management objectives for the reserves...................................................... 192.4 Fire management objectives for the reserves ............................................... 202.5 Environmental impact assessment process................................................... 20

3. Description of the reserves........................................................................... 223.1 Location..................................................................................................... 223.2 Terrain ..................................................................................................... 243.3 Biodiversity................................................................................................ 29

3.3.1 Vegetation ....................................................................................... 293.3.2 Fauna .............................................................................................. 33

3.4 Cultural Assets ........................................................................................... 353.4.1 Aboriginal sites................................................................................. 353.4.2 European sites.................................................................................. 353.4.3 Recreational use and facilities............................................................ 37

4. Description of the fire environment.............................................................. 384.1 Wildfire history........................................................................................... 384.2 Prescribed burning...................................................................................... 414.3 Fire frequency............................................................................................ 414.4 Fire weather............................................................................................... 44

4.4.1 Climate ............................................................................................ 444.4.2 Conditions associated with wildfire ................................................... 444.4.3 Conditions suitable for prescribed burns............................................ 45

4.5 Bushfire behaviour potential........................................................................ 464.6 Damage potential........................................................................................ 48

4.6.1 Threats to life and property............................................................... 484.6.2 Threats to socio-economic values..................................................... 48


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4.6.3 Threats to tourism and recreation...................................................... 494.6.4 Threats to natural heritage................................................................. 494.6.5 Threats to cultural heritage................................................................ 49

5. Fire management........................................................................................... 505.1 Fire management zones............................................................................... 505.2 Management areas ..................................................................................... 555.3 Protection of neighbours, visitors and facilities ............................................. 595.4 Protection of biodiversity............................................................................ 60

5.4.1 Evaluation of current fire regimes ...................................................... 605.4.2 Principles and thresholds .................................................................. 61

5.4.2.1 Flora................................................................................. 625.4.2.2 Threatened flora................................................................ 645.4.2.3 Threatened fauna............................................................... 67

5.5 Fire regime strategies for biodiversity conservation...................................... 705.6 Effects of fire suppression on biodiversity.................................................... 715.7 Pest management and bush regeneration...................................................... 715.8 Protection of cultural heritage...................................................................... 71

5.8.1 Aboriginal heritage ........................................................................... 715.8.2 European heritage ............................................................................ 72

5.9 Smoke management ................................................................................... 73

6. Wildfire control.............................................................................................. 746.1 Fire prevention........................................................................................... 74

6.1.1 Total fire ban and park fire ban days................................................. 746.1.2 Closure of NPWS areas................................................................... 746.1.3 Arson .............................................................................................. 756.1.4 Fire detection................................................................................... 756.1.5 Cooperative firefighting arrangements................................................ 756.1.6 Fire suppression............................................................................... 76

6.2 Fire advantages .......................................................................................... 786.2.1 Total fire ban and park fire ban days................................................. 786.2.2 Fire management utilities................................................................... 806.2.3 Fuel reduced zones........................................................................... 80

6.3 Fire management facilities ........................................................................... 81

7. Management activities.................................................................................. 827.1 Annual works program............................................................................... 827.2 Research.................................................................................................... 827.3 Monitoring................................................................................................. 847.4 Review and evaluation................................................................................ 85

8. References..................................................................................................... 87

AppendicesAppendix 1: Summary of vegetation communities in the reserves............................... 91


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Appendix 2: Summary of actions.............................................................................. 94Appendix 3: Fire trail register................................................................................... 97Appendix 4: Constructed helipads.......................................................................... 100Appendix 5: Refuge areas...................................................................................... 103Appendix 6: Fire zone specifications....................................................................... 104Appendix 7: Access management........................................................................... 106Appendix 8: Use of heavy machinery...................................................................... 110

List of mapsLocation of Royal, Heathcote and Garawarra reserves ............................................. 23Elevation analysis..................................................................................................... 26Slope analysis ..................................................................................................... 27Aspect analysis ..................................................................................................... 28Vegetation communities in Royal, Heathcote and Garawarra reserves ....................... 31Historic assets ..................................................................................................... 36Bushfire history for the reserves 1977 to 1998 (excluding 1993/94).......................... 39Bushfire history for 1993/94..................................................................................... 40Hazard reduction history in Royal et al reserves........................................................ 42Fire frequency for Royal, Heathcote and Garawarra 1965 to 1998........................... 43Bushfire behaviour potential ..................................................................................... 47Bushfire management zones for Royal National Park................................................. 52Bushfire management zones for Heathcote National Park.......................................... 53Bushfire management zones for Garawarra State Recreation Area............................. 54Management areas for Royal National Park.............................................................. 56Management areas for Heathcote National Park....................................................... 57Management areas for Garawarra State Recreation Area.......................................... 58Management trails, walking tracks, and suppression advantages................................ 79


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Executive Summary

This fire management plan has been developed to provide direction for fire managementactivities, including bushfire suppression, in Royal National Park, Heathcote NationalPark and Garawarra State Recreation Area (the reserves). The plan emphasises theprotection of life and property and provides direction for land managers on how toprotect the natural and cultural heritage of the reserves.

This plan will be consulted by the Rural Fire Service under Section 38 s4 and Section 44s3 of the Rural Fires Act 1997. In addition, Section 52 Operations Plan (Rural FiresAct 1997) will refer to this plan for an outline of NPWS policy.

The three reserves conserve Hawkesbury sandstone vegetation in the Sydney region.The range of geology and altitude across the reserves has resulted in a great variety ofvegetation associations. There is great diversity in plant species, with more than 900species being recorded in Royal National Park. Major plant associations in the reservesinclude wet and dry heathlands, shrublands, woodland, open forest, tall open forest,warm temperate, subtropical and littoral rainforest, estuarine and freshwater wetlandsand coastal dunes (Andrews 1999).

The reserves have a number of threatened animals, plants and vegetation communitieswithin their boundaries. This plan will deal with the protection of these species andcommunities through the implementation of appropriate fire management regimes thatpromote biodiversity.

Extensive fires have occurred on several occasions in Royal National Park andGarawarra State Recreation Area over the last 20 years, resulting from wildfire ignitednaturally or from arson and prescribed burns for management purposes. A largeproportion of Royal National Park has been affected by at least two or three major fireswithin that 20-year period, with some smaller areas being exposed to five fire events. Incomparison, over half the area of Heathcote National Park has remained unburnt withinthe same 20-year period, with the majority of the remaining area suffering one or twofires (Andrews 1999). This fire frequency has had profound effects on fauna and flora ofthe area.

Fuel will be managed in the reserves, using a combination of strategies, such asmechanical fuel removal, prescribed fuel reduction burns, maintenance of strategic trailsand ecological burns when native plant regeneration is required. These strategies shouldreduce significantly the risk of property threat from wildfire and escaped hazardreduction burns, assist in native plant regeneration, weed removal, ensure maintenance ofbiological diversity and reduce smoke emissions.

Fire management practices will consider weed control after works and wildfire,


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sedimentation and erosion control, whether the remaining unburnt vegetation issustainable for wildlife, effects of fire and smoke on residents, environment and wildlife,maintaining biological diversity and the overall management effectiveness of the practice.

The cooperation of the local community will be critical to the success of the plan.Neighbours need to manage fuels near their own assets to complement work undertakenin the reserves.

Every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of details from existing databases.However, because additional information is continually being collected and managementconcepts and practices evolving, it is proposed to update this plan annually and review itin five years.

Fire Management ObjectivesIn accordance with sections 63 and 64 and Part 1, Section 3 of the Rural Fires Act1997 and in accordance with the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974, the primaryobjectives for fire management in the reserves are to:• prevent the occurrence of unplanned bushfires on reserves;• suppress unplanned bushfires occurring on reserves;• minimise the potential for spread of bushfires on, from or into reserves.• protect from bushfires, persons and property on or immediately adjacent to

reserves;• manage bushfires to avoid the extinction of all species that are known to occur

naturally within reserves; and• protect all Aboriginal sites, historic places and culturally significant features known to

exist within reserves from damage by bushfires. Strategies for Life and Property Protection Strategies for protecting life and property will include:• rapid suppression of wildfire;• maintaining fire breaks and trails along park boundaries in priority protection areas;• fuel reduction through mowing, slashing or prescribed burning where indicated; and• promoting Community Fireguard in neighbouring areas. Strategies for Fire Management Fire may be managed by:• suppressing wildfires in a manner that minimises the threat to human life and

property, and minimises adverse impacts on the natural and cultural features of thereserves;

• managing appropriate locations as asset protection zones, with intensively managedfuel reduced areas around the assets;

• managing appropriate locations as strategic zones to limit the intensity of fire instrategic areas;

• monitoring fuel levels within zones on an annual basis; and


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• cooperating with other fire authorities and local councils to plan and implement firemanagement.

Strategies for Heritage ManagementStrategies for the protection of natural and cultural heritage include:• excluding fire as far as practical from areas with cultural heritage items, such as

historic buildings and Aboriginal sites, that may be damaged by fire;• determining and implementing appropriate fire regimes to maintain biodiversity to

prevent species or communities becoming extinct and to protect specific naturalassets;

• assessing environmental impacts prior to undertaking fire management works; and• monitoring vegetation regeneration following fire events.

Performance Indicators1. Unplanned fire ignitions on the reserves, caused by humans, are progressively

reduced over the planning period.

2. Fires occurring on a reserve are suppressed safely within appropriate control lineson the reserve, have minimal environmental damage and are cost effective during theplanning period.

3. Fires starting in a reserve are suppressed within the reserve and fires starting outsideof a reserve are prevented from entering the reserve in a safe manner, with minimumenvironmental damage and cost during the planning period.

4. There are no death or injury to persons, or destruction of property, caused by on-park bushfires in the planning period.

5. Fire regimes are maintained within specified ecological thresholds across more than50 percent of the area of each plant community on each reserve.

6. There is no significant decline of species’ populations (common or endangered) dueto inappropriate fire regimes, suppression activities or other fire management works,during the planning period.

7. There is no damage to Aboriginal sites, historic places and culturally significantfeatures as a result of bushfires during the planning period.


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1. IntroductionThis plan provides direction for reserve managers on meeting the fire managementresponsibilities of the NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service (NPWS). It detailspolicies and actions to prevent and control bushfires, manage bushfire risk and conservebiodiversity in areas under the management of the NPWS. The strategies are based onan analysis of fire history, vegetation and fuel patterns, and potential threats to life andassets (including natural and cultural assets) within or adjoining a reserve.

Fires in the reserves share a number of features, including:

• fire threatening human lives, property and heritage. The control of fires in reservesoften involves great public expenditure and risk to firefighters, including volunteers;

• the problem of fire management in all areas being aggravated because of developedareas along the reserve boundaries and the large number of visitors to the areas,particularly on warm summer days;

• ignition sources in the reserves resulting from human activity;

• fire at frequent intervals reducing the diversity of habitats and possibly the diversityof species. In some circumstances, frequent and extensive fires may lead to the localextinction of species; and

• many animal species and communities being fire sensitive and relying onrecolonisation from surrounding areas following fire. The opportunities for suchrecolonisation are being reduced because of increasing development, which iscreating islands of natural lands isolated from each other (NPWS 2000a).

1.1 Scope and purpose Under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974, plans of management are preparedfor each NPWS reserve. The NPWS has given an undertaking that all of its fire-pronereserves will have fire management plans. These plans are not a statutory requirement inthe way the reserve plans of management are, but are a sub-plan to the reserve plans ofmanagement. The fire management plan is a sub-plan to the Plan of Management forRoyal National Park, Heathcote National Park and Garawarra State RecreationArea (NPWS 2000a).

Bush fire risk management plans are prepared under Section 52 (1) of the Rural FiresAct 1997. This plan complements the Wollongong and Sutherland bush firemanagement committees’ operational and bush fire risk management plans. This plan issupported by the NPWS Sydney South Incident Procedures, which details the NPWSprocedures and contact lists for responding to fires and other incidents. These arerevised annually.


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This fire management plan has been developed using available information on firehistories, fauna and flora databases, known asset locations and fire regime thresholdsfor flora and fauna species. Every effort was made to ensure the accuracy of details.Because additional information is continually being collected and management conceptsevolving, this plan will be kept under review to take into account changes tomanagement concepts and ecological considerations.

When a fire occurs on 'prescribed land', the fire control officer for a rural fire regionmust comply with the conditions set out in any relevant bush fire management plan orother relevant plan (Rural Fires Act 1997, Section 38 s4). This fire management plan issuch a plan under Section 38 (4) and Section 44 (3) of the Rural Fires Act.

1.2 Procedures for Adopting a Fire Management Plan All NPWS fire management plans are placed on public exhibition and members of thepublic, community interest groups and government authorities are invited to comment.All submissions will be considered by the NPWS before any plan is finalised andadopted. There are set procedures for adopting a fire management plan.

1. Public notification is given that a fire management plan has been prepared andpublic comment is invited during a three-month public exhibition period.

2. All representations and submissions made during the public exhibition are reviewedand a report on the submissions and any recommendations for changes areforwarded to the regional manager.

3. The regional manager comments on the recommendations and submits the plan andthe report to the Director, Policy and Science.

4. The Director, Policy and Science may adopt the plan with or without furtheramendment after considering the report and its recommendations, or refer the planback for further consideration and advice.

5. The plan when finalised is then re-submitted to the Director, Policy and Science foradoption.

1.3 Definition of Termsaerial detection the discovering, locating and reporting of fires from aircraft.

aerial fuels combustible materials that are not in direct contact with theground, consisting mainly of foliage, twigs, branches, stems,bark and creepers.

aspect the direction towards which a slope faces (eg north-east).Slopes on a west to north-westerly aspect are the mosthazardous during firefighting operations.


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assets a feature that has some value to the community, includingeasily recognised constructed structures, properties anddwellings, natural or cultural values.

backburning a fire started intentionally along the inner edge of a fire line toconsume the fuel in the path of a wildfire.

buffer a strip or block of land on which the fuels are reduced toprovide protection to surrounding lands.

bush fire management management areas (usually sub-sets of fire managementzone (BFMZ) units) where a specified fire management operational

objective, strategy and performance indicator have beendeveloped to mitigate against the threat of a wildlife.

bushfire a general term used to describe a fire in vegetation.

bushfire frequency the average interval between successive bushfires in a givenlocation.

bushfire history information (oral or written) relating to the size, cause andbehaviour of known bushfires.

bushfire regime the history of fire, including frequency, intensity and season ofburning in a particular vegetation type or area.

bushfire risk the probability of an ignition occurring and developing into awildfire.

bushfire threat a sum of all factors which affect the ignition, spread andsuppression of a wild fire and the damage to assets andnatural and cultural heritage which may result.

coarse fuels dead woody material, greater than 25 millimetres in diameter,in contact with the soil surface (fallen trees and branches).

controlled burning see ‘prescribed burning’.

crown fire a fire burning in the crowns of trees and usually supported byfire in ground fuels. It is a fast travelling fire that usuallyconsumes all available fuels in its path.

drought index a numerical value, such as the Keetch-Byram Drought Index,reflecting the dryness of soils, deep forest litter, logs and livingvegetation.

ecosystem the interacting system of a biological community, both plantand animal, and its non living surroundings

edge burning perimeter burning of an area in mild conditions prior to large-scale prescribed burning. This practice is used to strengthenbuffers and to reduce mop-up operations.

fine fuels grass, leaves, bark and twigs less than six millimetres in


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diameter.

fire behaviour the manner in which a fire reacts to the variables of fuel,weather and topography. Changes in any of these variableswill result in a change to fire behaviour.

fire break any natural or constructed discontinuity in a fuel bed, used tosegregate, stop and control the spread of a wildfire, or toprovide a fireline to suppress a fire.

fire control advantage a natural or constructed barrier, or treated fire edge, used infire suppression and prescribed burning to limit the spread offire.

fire front the part of a fire where the rate of spread, flame height andintensity are greatest, usually when burning downwind orupslope.

fire frequency thresholds the fire frequency limits within which a species is thought

to maintain a viable population.

fire intensity the rate of energy released per unit length of fire front. This isusually expressed as kilowatts per metre (kW/m).

fire management all activities associated with the management of fire-proneland, including the use of fire to meet land management goalsand objectives.

fire perimeter the entire outer boundary of a fire area.

fire regime the history of fire in a particular vegetation type or area,including the frequency, intensity and season of burning(season in this context refers to the time of the year in whichthe fire occurred). It may also include proposals for the use offire in a given area.

fire season the period(s) of the year during which fires are likely to occur,spread and do sufficient damage to warrant organised firesuppression activities. In NSW, the core fire season is from 1October to 31 March of the following year.

Note: at the regional scale, the season may be introduced orextended by one month dependant upon the prevailingweather conditions, drought indices and number of wildfiresthat may already be burning within that area.

fuel any material, such as grass, bark, leaf litter and livingvegetation, which can be ignited and sustains a fire. Fuel isusually measured in tonnes per hectare of dry weight.

fuel arrangement a general term referring to the spacing and arrangement offuel in a given area.


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fuel bed the arrangement and vertical profile of all readily combustiblematerials lying on the ground.

fuel load the oven dry weight of fuel per unit area. Commonlyexpressed as tonnes per hectare.

fuel management modification of fuels by prescribed burning, manual removal,slashing, grazing, or other means. The objective is to reducethe fuel, thereby reducing the risk posed by wildfires.

fuel type an identifiable association of fuel elements of distinctivespecies, form, size, arrangement, or other characteristics thatwill cause predictable rate of spread or difficulty of controlunder specified weather conditions.

habitat a physical portion of the environment that is inhabited by anorganism or population of organisms, characterised by arelative uniformity of the physical environment and fairly closeinteraction of the biological species involved.

hazard reduction see ‘fuel management’.

island an unburnt area within a fire perimeter, critical for speciessurvival and recruitment after a wildfire event.

Keetch-Byram Drought Index (KBDI): a numerical value reflecting the dryness ofsoils, deep forest litter, logs and living vegetation, andexpressed as a scale from 0 to 200 points. When 100 pointshas been reached in an area, that area is said to be indrought.

plan of management document required by the National Parks and Wildlife Act1974, outlining management policies and actions to beundertaken for a given protected area.

prescribed burning the controlled application of fire under specifiedenvironmental and weather conditions to a predeterminedarea and at the time, intensity, and rate of spread required toattain planned resource management objectives.

protected areas national parks, nature reserves, marine parks, wildernessareas, karst reserves, regional parks, state recreation areas,state game reserves, historic sites and Aboriginal areas.

rate of spread the forward progress per unit time of the head of the fire oranother specified part of the fire perimeter.

ROTAP rare or threatened Australian plant. This is a national listing ofthe significance and conservation status of rare or threatenedAustralian plants.

threatened species a species listed in schedules 1 or 2 of the Threatened


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Species Conservation Act 1995.

threatening processes processes such as habitat disturbance or destruction orpollution that threaten the survival, abundance or evolutionarydevelopment of a species, population or ecologicalcommunity. Inappropriate fire regimes, whether too frequentor infrequent, may threaten specific threatened species,populations or ecological communities.

topography the surface features of a particular area or region, ie the lay ofthe land, and includes mountains, rivers etc.

urban-rural interface the line, area, or zone where structures and other humandevelopment adjoin or overlaps with undeveloped bushland.Also known as the urban-bush interface, urban interface orjust the interface.

wildfire an unplanned fire. A generic term that includes grass fires,forest fires and scrub fires.


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2. Policy Environment for Fire Planning

2.1 Fire Management LegislationNPWS has responsibilities for fire management under the National Parks and WildlifeAct 1974 and the Rural Fires Act 1997. This section outlines the NPWS’sresponsibilities under these acts as well as other relevant legislation and policies thataffect fire management.

2.1.1 National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974This provides for the care, control and management of protected areas (includingnational parks and nature reserves), the care and protection of fauna and flora, and theprotection of Aboriginal sites and places.

A plan of management is written for each reserve under Section 72 (4)(i). The planshould have a written scheme of operations for protecting each national park againstfire. Fire management plans provide policies and actions for reserve plans ofmanagement.

2.1.2 Rural Fires Act 1997Under the Rural Fires Act, the NPWS is a recognised fire authority, with responsibilityfor protecting life and property on its lands and undertaking appropriate measures toprevent fire from entering or leaving its estate. As a fire authority, the NPWS cansuppress fires outside its estate in order to prevent a fire from entering onto NPWSlands, including wildfires on private property.

Section 50 of the Rural Fires Act provides for the formation of bush fire managementcommittees in fire regions. The NPWS Sydney South Region is an active participant onthe Sutherland and Wollongong bush fire management committees, including providing arepresentative for the Executive Committee.

Under Section 52, each bush fire management committee has to prepare two types ofbush fire management plans – a plan of operations and a bush fire risk management plan.As a prescribed organisation, the NPWS is required to implement the provisions of bushfire management plans prepared under Section 52 (l).

Under the Rural Fires Act, when a fire occurs on 'prescribed land', the fire controlofficer for a rural fire region must comply with the conditions set out for that prescribedland in any relevant bush fire management plan or other relevant plan. This firemanagement plan is such a plan under Section 38(4 ) and 44(3) of the Rural Fires Act.


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2.1.3 NSW Fire Brigades Act 1989The NSW Fire Brigade has responsibility for controlling fires for certain urban areas inthe Wollongong and Sutherland local government areas under Section 5. Under Section13 (1a), the NSW Fire Brigade must comply with any relevant fire plans for NPWSreserves within their region.

2.1.4 Protection of the Environment Operations Act 1997The Hacking River, Woronora River and Heathcote Creek catchments are classified asClass P (Protected Waters) under the Protection of the Environment Operations Act. The NPWS is an active member of the Hacking River Catchment Committee andGeorges River Catchment Committee and is committed to preventing and/or minimisingpollution in the catchments, restoring and rehabilitating the landscape (NPWS 2000c).When the NPWS carries out prevention, suppression and rehabilitation activities, it mustconsider the impacts, such as erosion and water quality.

2.1.5 Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995This act provides for the protection of all threatened plants and animals native to NSW(excluding fish and marine vegetation). The NPWS has specific responsibilities inenvironmental planning, development control, recovery planning and threat abatementplanning.

The Scientific Committee, established by the Threatened Species Conservation Act,has listed high-frequency fire as a key threatening process on Schedule 3. Threatabatement plans and species recovery plans will be included into fire managementpractices as they are developed.

2.1.6 Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979Parts III and IV require the NPWS to consider any relevant planning instrument foractivities it proposes and, under Part V, the NPWS should assess the impact ofactivities planned on land for which it is the determining authority (eg national parks). Anenvironmental impact assessment accompanies this plan and fulfils the requirementsunder Part V.

2.1.7 Local environmental plansSutherland and Wollongong councils are responsible for areas adjoining the reserves.Each local government area has a local environmental plan that zones land for particularland uses and controls different types of development. All national parks and staterecreation areas are zoned 8(a) within these local environmental plans, a zone reservedfor all lands dedicated under the National Parks and Wildlife Act. Councils have nostatutory role or control over activities within this zone.


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2.1.8 NSW Biodiversity StrategyThe NSW Biodiversity Strategy develops a collaborative approach to biodiversityconservation. Its goal is “to protect the native biological diversity of NSW and maintainecological processes and systems”.

Inappropriate fire regimes has been identified as one of the threats to biological diversity.The strategy requires that fires are managed according to ecologically sustainabledevelopment principles. In addition, ongoing research should be undertaken on theeffects of fire on biodiversity and land-management practices.

This plan is intended to assist managers in achieving the goals listed in the NSWBiodiversity Strategy.

2.2 Fire Management Policies of NPWSThe NPWS Fire Management Manual and Corporate Plan outline NPWS firemanagement policies. These policies are driven by legislative requirements and areapplied to all NPWS reserves. The NPWS Fire Management Manual and CorporatePlan state the following policies in relation to bushfire management.

• NPWS regards fire as a natural phenomenon - one of the continuing physical factorsof the Australian environment.

• NPWS recognises the evolutionary adaptation of many native species of plants andanimals to fire regimes.

• NPWS accepts that fire can be a useful management tool.

• Fire is and will be used as a fuel reducing agent where this does not conflict withmanagement objectives.

• Where life, property and community assets are directly threatened by fuelconditions, all steps will be taken to minimise risks, with other management needsregarded as secondary considerations.

Where possible, all prevention and suppression works will be pre-planned andcoordinated with neighbours and other agencies likely to be affected by NPWSactivities. NPWS will undertake fire-prevention programs, with public education, andwill supervise and enforce fire regulations at a local level.

2.3 Management Objectives for the ReservesRoyal and Heathcote national parks are managed in accordance with the generalobjectives for the management of national parks in NSW. The objectives are:

• the protection and preservation of scenic and natural features;


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• the conservation of wildlife and natural biodiversity;• the maintenance of natural processes as far as is possible;• the preservation of Aboriginal sites and historic features;• the provision of appropriate recreation opportunities; and• the encouragement of scientific and educational inquiries into environmental features

and processes, prehistoric and historic features and park use patterns.

Garawarra State Recreation Area is managed in accordance with the general objectivesfor the management of state recreation areas in NSW. The objectives are:

• the protection of natural and cultural heritage;• the maintenance of scenic values; and• the provision of a range of recreation opportunities consistent with the protection of

the natural and cultural heritage.

The Plan of Management for Royal and Heathcote National Parks and GarawarraState Recreation Area (NPWS 2000a) also identifies the following specificmanagement objectives.

• Royal National Park will be used as a primary venue within the Sydney metropolitanarea to promote natural and cultural heritage conservation in NSW and promote thework of the NPWS.

• The NPWS will protect and, where necessary, restore the natural heritage valueswithin Royal National Park, Heathcote National Park and Garawarra StateRecreation Area as part of the system of parks and other protected lands of theWoronora area within the Sydney Basin.

• The NPWS will protect the catchment of the Hacking River.

• The NPWS will protect scientifically important coastal features.

• The NPWS will protect rainforest in the upper catchment of the Hacking River.

• The NPWS will conserve the historic recreational settings and cultural landscapes inRoyal National Park.

• The NPWS will promote the increased use of Royal National Park forenvironmental education purposes.

• Royal National Park will continue to provide outdoor recreational opportunities atexisting levels within the established facility areas.

• Royal National Park and Heathcote National Park will continue to provide outdoorrecreation opportunities at existing levels within established facility areas.

• Royal National Park and Heathcote National Park will continue to provide non-motorised and low-key bushwalking and bush camping opportunities in a natural


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setting.

• There will be limited development of Garawarra State Recreation Area to meetrecreational demand, but only to the extent that the natural and cultural resources ofthe area are not compromised nor its value as part of the larger conservation area.

• The NPWS will promote the importance and purpose of management programs forthe protection of natural features and the control of fire, weeds and feral animals tothe local community, particularly neighbours of the three areas.

2.4 Fire Management Objectives for the ReservesIn accordance with the Royal National park, Heathcote National Park and GarawarraState Recreation Area 2000, the primary objectives for fire management in thesereserves are to:

• prevent the occurrence of unplanned bushfires on the reserves;• suppress unplanned bushfires occurring on the reserves;• minimise the potential for bushfires spreading on, from or into the reserves;• protect from bushfires, persons and property on, or immediately adjacent to, the

reserves;• manage bushfires to avoid the extinction of all species that are known to occur

naturally within the reserves; and• protect from damage by bushfires all Aboriginal sites, historic places and culturally

significant features known to exist within the reserves.

2.5 Environmental Impact Assessment ProcessThe NPWS assesses the impact of its activities on the environment. In the case of fuelmanagement works carried out on NPWS estate, the NPWS is both the proponent anddetermining authority in the assessment of those works (under Section 111 of theEnvironmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979).

As all fuel management works are considered by NPWS to be an ‘activity’ under theEnvironmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979, the strategies and managementactivities proposed in this plan will be subject to an environmental impact assessment. This environmental impact assessment will also be on public exhibition for comment.


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3 Description of the Reserves

3.1 LocationRoyal and Heathcote national parks and Garawarra State Recreation Area coverapproximately 18,219 hectares of land, reserved for conservation and recreationpurposes. At a regional level, they form part of a large tract of natural bushland on theWoronora Plateau, which also includes the catchment areas managed by the SydneyCatchment Authority to the south and west, the Department of Defence lands to thenorth-west, the Illawarra Escarpment State Recreation Area and adjoining escarpmentlands to the south and other Crown lands (NPWS 2000a).

Royal National Park (15,068 hectares) is situated 30 kilometres north of Wollongongand is adjacent to the southern fringe of metropolitan Sydney. It is bound to the north byPort Hacking, to the east by the South Pacific Ocean and to the west by the maintransport corridor between Wollongong and Sydney, which roughly follows thewatershed between the Hacking and Woronora river catchments. The north-westernportion of Royal National Park is contiguous with suburban Sydney (the suburbs ofBundeena, Maianbar, Greys Point, Gymea Bay, Loftus, Yarrawarra, Engadine,Heathcote, Waterfall and Otford). Two suburbs, Bundeena and Maianbar, are withinRoyal National Park.

Heathcote National Park (2,251 hectares) lies in the Woronora River catchment to thewest of Royal National Park and the main transport corridor. It is bound by HolsworthyArmy Range and Sydney Catchment Authority lands on its eastern side, Royal NationalPark on its western and northern sides and the villages of Engadine, Heathcote andWaterfall on its eastern side.

Garawarra State Recreation Area (900 hectares) consists of two sections - one situatedbetween the Southern Freeway, the Illawarra Railway and Helensburgh; and the otherbounded by Royal National Park to the north and west, by the Illawarra Railway to thesouth and by the Hacking River to the east. All of the state recreation area lies within theupper catchment of the Hacking River.

The reserves are within the local government areas of Sutherland and Wollongong.


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Map 1:Location of Royal, Heathcote and Garawarra reserves.


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3.2 TerrainThe reserves are part of the physiographic region called the Woronora Plateau, whichlies east and south of the Cumberland Plain. It is a deeply dissected sandstone plateauwith Wianamatta shales occurring as thin lenses. Upland swamps are a common featuretowards the coast.

Royal National Park consists of a low plateau broken by the Hacking River, KangarooCreek and South West Arm Creek which have cut deep valleys through the centre ofthe reserve as they flow north into Port Hacking. There are a number of smaller drainagesystems flowing in an easterly direction which discharge directly into the Pacific Ocean,south of Port Hacking. Steep slopes, ridges, rocky outcrops and streams punctuated bysmall waterfalls and pools are a feature of the landscape (Fairley 1995).

The high cliffs are a feature of the coast, especially between Curracurrong and Garie.The central plateau area is known as the Curra Moors. From Garie south, theNarrabeeen series of sedimentary rocks appear at the base of the cliffs. These containmany layers of shale which, when eroded, slump into slopes instead of forming cliffs.From Garie to the Illawarra Escarpment, the Narrabeen layers have produced rich,shale-derived soils in sheltered, coastal valleys. These support pockets of closed moistforest and rainforest (NPWS 1993).

All of these landscapes are characterised by the potential for, or presence of, severesheet erosion (which can occur during storms after ground cover has been removed bybushfires). In gullies, erosion along unprotected tracks and management trails oftendescends to the bedrock (Hazleton and Tille 1990).

The analysis of aspect is shown in Map 4. A dominant feature is the south-west andnorth-west slopes. These slopes are generally dry, moderately timbered with lightundergrowth, and are exposed to southerly, westerly and northerly winds. Rainforest ormoist vegetation is associated with the gullies, and the south-east and north-east slopes.The majority of the reserves have undulating to moderate slopes (less than 18o) (Map3).

The steep areas are associated with the Hacking River, the southern coastal cliff line andthe northern part of Heathcote National Park. When fire runs up the steeper slopes (andparticularly drier slopes), its rate of spread is significantly increased. Such slopes alsoassist spot fires to spread fire.

The undulating slopes (between 0 and 10o) follow the tributaries. These tributaries canoften act as ‘funnels’ for fire movement. The orientation of the valleys can affect themovement and spread of fire in the area. The elevation and slope influence thevegetation and fuel.


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Zierholz et al (1995) suggest areas that have a high-erosion risk are steep, with north-west and exposed aspects and shallow, dry soils that are easily eroded, such as heath.Coupled with hot burns and intense rain (eg summer storms), these areas couldexperience high levels of erosion. In comparison, areas that have a low-erosion risk aresouth-east, with sheltered or shady aspects, and deep organic, damp soils, such asrainforest. There are cool or no burns and gentle rain in low-erosion risk areas.

Fire behaviour and fire history are outlined in Section 4.


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Map 2: Elevation Analysis


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Map 3: Slope Analysis


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Map 4: Aspect Analysis


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3.3 Biodiversity

3.3.1 VegetationA summary of the dominant species in the vegetation communities is listed in Appendix1. Map 5 shows the distribution of vegetation communities.

The reserves have a wide range of plant communities, including several types ofrainforest, freshwater swamps and estuarine wetlands. There is also a wide range ofecotonal and boundary transitions which create a richness of floristic variation not foundwithin such a small area in other Sydney reserves (NPWS 2000b). Well over 1000plant species have been recorded, including 26 species that are listed as nationally rareor threatened.

Heathcote National Park is a rare example within the Sydney Basin of vegetation thathas not experienced frequent burning, as it has not been burnt by an extensive fire sincethe 1976/77 fire season.

In Royal National Park and Garawarra State Recreation Area, the upper catchment ofthe Hacking River has significant stands of subtropical and warm temperate rainforest.This is the result of higher rainfall in the south and the richer soils of the Narrabeen shalesthat are exposed in the deep gullies.

There are three distinct types of wetlands in the reserves: • estuarine wetlands (mangroves/saltmarsh);• freshwater lagoons (Jibbon and Marley); and• upland swamps (Uloola Swamp, Walumarra track in Royal National Park and

Girronba Swamp, Girronba Vale, upper Girronba Creek, Arbon Valley,Moorabinda Gully and upper Heathcote Creek in Heathcote National Park).

Heath vegetation covers the exposed sandstone plateau surface and is prominent ineastern Royal National Park. Heath communities include mallee heath, headland heath,sandstone heath, rock pavement heath and dune scrub. Mature stands of heath occur inHeathcote National Park at Mt Minda, Mt Mooray and Bonel Rocks.

Shale forest occurs on the western edge of Royal National Park at Loftus and atHelensburgh. These patches are significant because they are remnants and have limiteddistribution.

Endangered ecological communities listed by the Threatened Species ConservationAct include:

• Kurnell Dune Forest near Bundeena; and


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• Sutherland Shire Littoral Rainforest on sand dunes at Marley, Jibbon, Curracurrangand Garie.

Many of the plant species within the reserves are fire sensitive and rely on seed stockstored within the soil or recolonise from surrounding areas following a fire. As thereserves are within a largely urban area, the opportunities for recolonisation are beingreduced due to the development of surrounding land.


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Map 5. Vegetation communities in Royal, Heathcote and Garawarra reserves (Keith1993)


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To date, 24 species of rare or threatened Australian plants have been identified withinthe reserves (Table 1). All species will require further research and monitoring to ensuretheir protection. Table 4 lists the required fire regimes for rare or threatened Australianplants species.

Table 1. Rare or threatened Australian plants present (Briggs and Leigh 1988;NPWS 2000b)

SPECIES RESERVE COMMUNITYCONSERVATIONCODE

Burnettia cuneata

Lizard orchid

Sandstone gully forest (found in swamps) 3RC

Corybas undulatus

Tailed helmet orchid

Eastern heath 2KC

Darwinia biflora Sandstone ridge woodland 2VCa

Darwinia diminuta Sandstone ridge woodland and gully forest 3RCi

Darwinia grandiflora Sandstone ridge woodland, gully forest andeastern heath

2RC

Diuris aequalis

Donkey orchids sp.

Eastern heath 3VC

Eucalyptus camfieldii

Heart-leaved stringybark

Sandstone Ridge woodland and gully forest,upland swamp and eastern heath

unconfirmed

2VCi

Eucalyptus leuhmanniana

Yellow-topped ash

Sandstone ridge woodland and gully forest 2RCa

Genoplesium baueri

Midge orchid sp.

Sandstone ridge woodland, gully forest 3RC

Gonocarpus salsoloides

Nodding rasport

Sandstone ridge woodland and gully forest(mostly swampy areas)

3RCa

Grevillea longifolia Sheltered valley sides on sandstone, usuallyclose to creeks, but occasionally on scrubbytops

2RC

Hibbertia nitida

Shiny guinea flower

Sandstone ridge woodland, warmtemperate/subtropical rainforest

2RC

Leucopogon exolasius Sandstone ridge woodland 3VC

Lomandra brevis Sandstone ridge woodland and gully forest 2RC

Lomandra fluviatilis Sandstone ridge woodland and gully forest. Found in dry rocky creek beds.

3RCa

Melaleuca deanei

Deane’s honeymyrtle

Sandstone ridge woodland. Found in marshyheath on coastal sandstone plateaux.

3RC

Monotoca ledifolia Restricted to Heathcote National Park. Found in dry open heath on shallow soils.

3RC

Papillilabium beckleri Sandstone ridge woodland, eastern heath,rainforest. Found mostly along creeks.

3RC


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Pultenaea aristata Found in heath and woodland on sandstone. Restricted to the Woronora Plateau fromHelensburg to Mt Keira.

2VC

Platysace stephensonii

Stephenson’s platysace

Scattered in coastal heaths. 3RC

Tetratheca neglecta Sandstone ridge woodland, eastern heath andwarm temperate/subtropical rainforest

3RC

Thysanotus virgatus Sandstone ridge woodland and gully forest 3RC

Typhonium eliosurum 3EC

KEY:2: geographic range less than 100 kilometres3 geographic range more than 100 kilometresC has at least one population reserved within a national parkE endangered, at serious risk of disappearing from the wild in 10 to 20 yearsV vulnerable; at risk of disappearing from the wild in 20 to 50 yearsR rare; currently rare but with no identifiable threata 1000 plants or more are known to occur within a conservation reserveI less than 1000 plants or more are known to occur within a conservation reservet total known population reserves

3.3.2 FaunaTwo fauna surveys have been completed for the reserves, one after the extensive 1994fires, the second in 1997 (Andrews 1999). There have been 245 native species ofvertebrate recorded in the reserves, comprising 17 frogs, 37 reptiles, 163 birds and 28mammals. Of this number, 25 species are listed as rare or endangered in schedules 1and 2 of the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995, including:• sooty and powerful owls, superb parrot and regent honeyeater;• red-crowned toadlet, green and golden bell frog, giant burrowing frog, heath

monitor and the broad-headed snake; and• large pied bat, common bent-wing bat, large-footed mouse-eared bat, greater

broad-nosed bat and great pipistrelle.

The tall, moist eucalypt forests and rainforests of the Hacking River catchment supportthe majority of the mammals known in the reserves. Many of the animals were recordedin unburnt forest in Heathcote National Park (eg the eastern pygmy possum, long nosedbandicoot and grey-headed flying fox). Other species, such as the brown antechinus andswamp rat, exhibited low-capture rates in burnt sites in Royal and Garawarra. Thissuggests the importance of an unburnt mature forest, such as Heathcote National Park,to act as a refuge for certain species in areas of high fire frequency (pers commAndrews 1999).

Maximising the continuity of vegetation on a regional basis as wildlife habitat is critical toprotecting native fauna. There have been a number of local extinctions for the reserves.

• The greater glider was not detected in the 1997 survey in the moist blackbutt forestsof the Hacking River. Prior to the 1994 fire, it was readily observed in this area and


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it is suspected that it may now be locally extinct in Royal National Park (Andrews1999).

• It is unknown whether the dusky antechinus is locally extinct in Royal National Park(southern moist eucalypt and littoral rainforest).

• The koala has not been recorded in the reserves for the last 10 years. The nearestknown colony is at Wedderburn in the O’Hares Catchment (Andrews 1999).

• Platypus have not been recorded for many years.

The swamp wallaby favours thick undergrowth in forests, woodlands and heath. Itappears to be the only species of large macropod remaining in Royal National Park(Andrews 1999).

The red crowned toadlet is found in Royal National Park throughout a wide range ofvegetation communities and substrates (both sandstone and shale derived) (Andrews1999). It is possible that some frog species previously known for Royal National Park,such as the green and golden bell frog and brown toadlet, are locally extinct. Thespecific threatened processes could include fire frequency, disease or climate change(Andrews 1999). The most important habitats for frogs are:• rainforests along Lady Carrington Walk;• coastal heaths, particularly above the high cliffs;• riparian habitats of the smaller creeks particularly in the upper Hacking River

catchment;• wetter forests on the Garawarra escarpment; and• freshwater swamps.

Generalised fire regime requirements for some of these species are outlined in Section 5.


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3.4 Cultural Assets

3.4.1 Aboriginal SitesThe reserves conserve a suite of comparatively undisturbed Aboriginal sites. They are animportant sample of the regionally distinctive art and engraving sites that are found southof the Georges River and north of Lake Illawarra.

Aboriginal assets within the reserves include rock engravings, middens, art sites,occupation sites, axe-grinding grooves, charcoal drawings, hand stencils and sacredsites. These sites are located throughout the reserves and details of each site arerecorded on a database with restricted access at the NPWS Cultural Division atHurstville. As all Aboriginal sites are protected both on and off NPWS estate, thesesites will be protected from fire as much as possible.

Aboriginal sites in the parks are of importance to the present-day Aboriginal communityfor cultural revival, educational and historical reasons. Further research may also revealthe presence of places of spiritual or ceremonial importance to Aboriginal people livingat La Perouse or on the south coast of NSW.

3.4.2 European SitesRoyal National Park is of national historical significance as the oldest national park inAustralia. Physical evidence surviving in the park, together with documents,demonstrates the evolving philosophy and practice of recreation and conservation inAustralia. This evidence is widespread and ranges from the unobtrusive (eg stumps oflogged trees and other evidence of timber getting) to the obvious (eg the cabin groups atEra and the cultural landscape of the Audley precinct).

Historical assets within the reserves can be grouped into buildings, stonework, historicplantings, roads, fences and foundations. The location of these assets are shown on Map6. The Audley precinct includes wooden structures, such as the boatshed and dancehall,and historic plantings at Allambie Flat.

The impacts of fire on some historical assets can be devastating while others, such asroads, stonework and foundations, remain relatively unaffected by most fires.


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Map 6: Historic Assets


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3.4.3 Recreational Use and FacilitiesThe reserves provide an important recreational resource for the people of Sydney andthe many tourists that visit each year.

A survey in 1990 into visitation to national parks in the Sydney area, found that onaverage 4.4 percent of the population of metropolitan Sydney visits Royal National Parkin a month, a rate of use which is exceptionally heavy in relation to the reserve’s smallsize. The periods of heaviest use are fine weekends, public holidays and school holidayswhen the popular areas are often full to capacity or overcrowded. Weekdays and rainyweekends are periods of comparatively light visitor use. Use is higher in summer than inwinter (NPWS 2000a). There are no comparable statistics on the use of eitherHeathcote National Park or Garawarra State Recreation Area.

Recreational use includes bushwalking, mountain biking, picnicking and swimming. Thehigh visitation rates and the remoteness of some of the recreational locations meansevacuation and the development of refuge areas need to be considered in the event of awildfire.

Many of the walking tracks have infrastructure, such as walkways, lookouts and bridges(eg on The Coast Walk, the Walumarra Track and the Bungoona Path). Other facilitiesinclude picnic tables, picnic shelters, toilets, interpretative signs and car parks, such as atAudley, Wattamolla and Garie.


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4 Description of the Fire Environment

4.1 Wildfire HistoryThere are records of bushfire history of the reserves since 1965 as shown in maps 7 and8. Fire years are recorded from July to June.

Fire history records show that some years experience many small fires and other years asingle or some large fires. The variation depends upon the prevailing weather conditions,the time in reporting outbreaks, available resources and response time from both NPWSand volunteer units, fuel levels (across the reserves and in specific locations),accessibility, lines of suppression available to firefighters, and emergency priorities (iedirect attack of fire or property protection).

From 1965/66 to 1997/98, there has been a fire within Royal National Park every fireseason. Major fires, in which 50 percent or more of the park was burnt, occurred in the1968/69, 1988/89 and 1993/94 fire seasons. The most recent major fire occurred inJanuary 1994 and affected 95.7 percent of the park.

Garawarra State Recreation Area has had fewer fires than Royal National Park. Thiscould be attributed to the moist vegetation communities, the terrain and lower visitation.A major fire occurred within the park in the 1993/94 fire season and affected 52percent of the reserve.

Heathcote National Park has had the lowest incidence of wildfire of the three reserves.There was one major fire in the 1976/77 fire season where 70 percent of the reservewas burnt.

Many of the extensive fires in Royal National Park resulted from ignitions on the westernside of the park and ran eastwards, under extreme weather conditions, to the coast. Forexample, the January 1994 fire started on the Parklands trail at East Heathcote and wasaided by a second fire lit at the Helensburgh tip, adjoining Garawarra State RecreationArea.

Fires that are deliberately lit originate from areas of access within the reserves, such aswalking tracks, management trails, and from urban areas around the reserves. Althoughtrails provide control lines and rapid access for suppression of fires, they also allowgreater opportunities for arson. In addition, stolen vehicles are sometimes dumped ontrails and set alight.


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Map 7: Bushfire history for the reserves 1977 to 1998 (excluding 1993/94)


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Map 8: Bushfire history for 1993/94


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4.2 Prescribed BurningRecords of hazard reductions have been kept since 1977 and are shown on Map 9.

Hazard reduction has generally occurred around village/urban areas or assets.Historically, hazard reduction through prescribed burning has occurred aroundEngadine, Helensburgh, Waterfall, Audley, Maianbar, Bundeena and Wattamolla.

The implementation of an effective hazard-reduction program has been hampered by thehigh incidence of large area wildfires caused by arson. In addition, frequent rain reducesthe opportunities for effective fuel-reduction burning.

4.3 Fire FrequencyFire frequency is the number of fires occurring at a given site over a selected period oftime. It is a critical factor in understanding the threat to property and the affects of fire onbiodiversity. The fire frequency for the reserves is shown in Map 10.

Fire frequency for Royal National Park• Since 1978/79 the majority of Royal National Park has had at least one fire

(1993/94). • The eastern side of Royal has had two fires (1988/89 and 1993/94).• The western side of Royal has had two fires (1980/81 and 1993/94).• Patches of the park have had three fires since 1978/79 at Garie Beach, Bundeena,

Temptation Creek, Wattamolla and around East Heathcote.• Areas that have had four fires since 1978/79 are west of Bundeena, top north-west

corner of Royal National Park (Temptation Creek area), East Heathcote andWattamolla.

• Areas that have not been burnt are along the coastline at the southern end of thepark, and along Lady Carrington Drive.

Fire frequency for Heathcote National ParkThe majority of Heathcote National Park has not had a fire in the period 1978/79 and1998/99. The northern tip off Heathcote Road has had two fires (1989/90 and1978/79), and west of Heathcote National Park has had one fire (1978/79).

Fire frequency for Garawarra State Recreation AreaThe eastern part of Garawarra State Recreation Area has had one fire (1993/94). Thereis an unburnt strip following watercourses. South of Waterfall is a patch that has beenburnt twice (1993/94 and 1979/80). Fire frequency is discussed in relation tobiodiversity management in Section 5.


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Map 9: Hazard reduction history in Royal et al reserves


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Map 10: Fire frequency for Royal, Heathcote and Garawarra 1965-1998


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4.4 Fire Weather

4.4.1 ClimateThe reserves experience a temperate climate. Sydney has a warm and wet summer-autumn season and a cool and dry winter-spring season.

Climatic data for 1979 to 1997 for Audley in the north of Royal National Park shows itto have an average annual rainfall of 1,150 millimetres ranging from a maximum of 1,669millimetres to a minimum of 631 millimetres. Rainfall in the south of the park would behigher than Audley due to the increased elevation and the coastal escarpment but nodetailed climatic records are available (Andrews 1999; Bureau of Meteorology 1999).

The mean annual rainfall is 1,220 millimetres, with rainfall occurring on average 105 daysper year. The main source of rainfall is storms, mostly from the south but occasionallyfrom the north at night. These predominate between January and July, during which time70 percent of the annual rainfall occurs.

The mean temperatures in summer and winter are 25°C and 16°C respectively. Dailymean maximum temperature exceeds 30°C on 14 days of the year (between Septemberand April) and is less than 15°C on 15 days (April to October).

During the summer, north-easterly and easterly winds predominate, bringing moist humidconditions. Winter winds are typically from the west and south, resulting in dry to moistconditions (Bureau of Meteorology 1997).

4.4.2 Conditions associated with wildfireThe NSW fire season tends to reach its peak in the summer in southern parts of thestate but most months of the year have some potential for bushfires. The main fireseason starts in October or November and extends into January and February (Lukeand McArthur 1978). It is not uncommon to have a protracted fire period that extendsinto autumn or begins in late winter.

During extreme fire weather conditions, the prevailing winds through the reserves arefrom a westerly direction. Once a fire is ignited within any of the three reserves, thewesterly winds blow the fire towards several urban settlements in the east. Grays Point,Heathcote, Waterfall and Helensburgh are potentially under threat from a bushfire inthese extreme conditions but Maianbar and Bundeena within Royal National Park areparticularly vulnerable.

Extreme fire weather conditions occur when drought conditions coincide with days ofstrong north-westerly winds. This is most likely to occur in the months of November,December and January.


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4.4.3 Conditions suitable for prescribed burnsA prescribed fire is one that has been planned to reduce fuel levels, to managebiodiversity or for experimental purposes. In the majority of cases, the type and locationof prescribed fire for hazard-reduction purposes will not be the same as that required forconservation purposes (Bradstock and Scott 1995). The most favourable periods forprescribed burning occur when there is:• dry surface fuels (moisture levels of 10 to 20 percent) ;• a high level of moisture recovery in fine fuels at night; and• a low probability of dry north-westerly winds.

Prescribed burns are predominantly conducted in the spring and autumn months, outsidethe summer fire danger period. Weather conditions during these months can vary greatlyfrom year to year and planned burns may be delayed due to unsuitable weather. Conditions during winter are usually regarded as being too cool and damp for effectiveprescribed burns. Conroy (1993) recommends spring and late summer for prescribedburning in the Sydney Basin rather than autumn when the frequency of atmospherictemperature inversions tend to trap smoke close to the ground.


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4.5 Bushfire Behaviour Potential Bushfire behaviour potential is a term that describes the likely behaviour of any bushfire.The main determinants of fire behaviour are topography, vegetation and weatherconditions.

The highest bushfire behaviour potential occurs in areas where there are heavy loads ofelevated fuels on steep, dry, north to north-westerly facing slopes or exposed elevatedplateaux, subject to periods of hot, dry, windy weather.

The vegetation of the reserves was mapped by structure and association (Keith 1993).The maps were used to prepare strategies for biodiversity conservation and computerbased modelling of bushfire behaviour potential.

It is possible to combine many of the different vegetation types into major fuel groupsbased on their effect on fire behaviour. The vegetation of the Sydney region has beendescribed as belonging to one of five major fuel groups (Conroy 1998) - grassland,shrubland, woodland, open forest and rainforest. Fuel levels are assigned to each ofthese groups for the computer modelling process. Bushfire behaviour potential isanalysed using a method developed by the Southern Regional Fire Association of NSW(1994).

The locations of higher and medium bushfire potential indicate conditions conducive tohigher fire intensity and uncontrollable bushfire spread. Areas where high bushfirebehaviour potential occurs are on the steep west facing slopes, such as along LadyCarrington Drive following the Hacking River and near Lilyvale.

Fire behaviour in the lower rating locations may sometimes reach uncontrollableproportions but this is less likely and less intense. The coastal plateau from Bundeena toGarie Beach is classified as low to medium bushfire behaviour potential.

The mapping of areas into higher, medium and lower bushfire behaviour potential doesnot indicate how often an area will receive potentially damaging fires nor the actualintensity of a fire. However, it provides a useful comparative ranking to indicate sites ofhigher and lower potential fire behaviour. Sites of negligible bushfire behaviour potentialare usually reliable inhibitors of wildfire spread.


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Map 11 Bushfire behaviour potential


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4.6 Damage Potential Damage potential is a term that describes the likelihood of a bushfire causing damage toan asset. The damage potential of wildfires on the reserves can be placed into fourcategories - life and property, socio-economic values, tourism and recreation, naturalheritage and cultural heritage.

4.6.1 Threats to Life and Property The potential threat to human life is regarded as the most important of all bushfire threatsand the highest priority is given to the protection of life and adjoining property. Thereserves are in an urban setting. The suburbs of Bundeena, Maianbar, Greys Point,Gymea Bay, Loftus, Yarrawarrah, Engadine, Heathcote, Waterfall and Otford adjoinRoyal National Park. Heathcote National Park is bounded by Engadine, Heathcote andWaterfall on its eastern side. Garawarra State Recreation Area has Helensburgh as aboundary.

Because of the setting, fuel levels near neighbouring properties need to be managedcarefully. Residences adjacent to areas of high bushfire behaviour potential areconsidered to be most vulnerable, such as those in Heathcote, Helensburgh andWaterfall. Developing and maintaining asset protection or strategic bushfire managementzones will be essential to protect these urban areas.

During wildfire events, the NPWS works with Sutherland and Wollongong bush firemanagement committees, police, volunteer bush fire brigades, neighbours and otherauthorities to protect life and property. The reserves may be closed during wildfireevents and park visitors will be advised of the situation and evacuated if considerednecessary.

NPWS will also work with local government to ensure that development and buildingapprovals consider the need for fire-radiation zones and management-trail access to bebuilt into development proposals off-park in accordance with the Planning for BushFire Protection (Department of Bush Fire Services 1991) and the Construction ofBuildings in Bushfire Prone Areas AS3959 (Australian Standards 1991).

4.6.2 Threats to Socio-economic Values There are three commercial businesses within the reserves, operating the three kioskslocated at Wattamolla, Garie and Audley. The closure of Royal National Park ordamage to the kiosks will affect these operators.

4.6.3 Threats to Tourism and Recreation The reserves’ (particularly Royal National Park) appeal to tourists and tourism is animportant component of the economy of Sydney. Bushfires may threaten recreationalvalues by:


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• damaging or destroying facilities; • closing areas temporarily during bushfires; • closing damaged areas or rehabilitating areas in the longer term; • altering the aesthetic appeal of an area, either temporarily (eg blackened bushland)

or in the longer term through erosion; and • altering vegetation structure and type.

4.6.4 Threats to Natural Heritage Historically, fire has been excluded from some areas for many decades while other areashave been burnt every few years. Both extremes eventually lead to a loss of floral (andconsequently faunal) biodiversity.

The threat to fauna and flora is less from a single wildfire than it is from inappropriate fireregimes, such as the combination of fire frequency, fire intensity and season. Whileknowledge of the most suitable fire regimes for particular vegetation communities is notcomplete, there is sufficient evidence to offer broad guidelines. These are summarised intables 3, 4 and 5.

An environmental impact assessment or review of environmental factors prepared priorto any prescribed burn should address all possible threats to endangered or vulnerablefauna, plants or communities.

4.6.5 Threats to Cultural Heritage As bushfires can cause damage to historic sites, either directly or indirectly, the locationsof historic and cultural sites should be known to minimise any impacts.

The three types of Aboriginal heritage sites in the reserves are rock engravings, art sites,and shell middens. Rock engravings can be affected by high-intensity fires that causeexfoliation or split the sandstone surface or be marked by falling trees. Art sites areaffected in a similar way to rock engraving but they are more vulnerable to damage byexfoliation due to the thin layer of rock actually pigmented. Shell middens can beexposed to erosion after fire.

Fire-management activities can damage to heritage items through construction ofmanagement trails and helipads, driving of fire vehicles over sites and inappropriatelyplaced control lines. Timber buildings are especially vulnerable to fire. The boatshed andthe dancehall at Audley are historically significant timber buildings that should beprotected from fire.

5 Fire Management

5.1 Fire Management Zones Bushfire management zones are defined areas within the reserves for which specific firemanagement objectives and strategies have been developed. The zones are shown on


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maps 11a, 11b and 11c. The zones used in this plan are adapted from the fire management zoning policy of theNPWS as defined in the Guidelines for the Preparation of Reserve FireManagement Plans (NPWS 1998). The Coordinating Committee has adopted asimilar zoning policy. The NPWS zones will be reflected in the local bush fire riskmanagement plans. Table 2 describes the objectives, generalised prescriptions and methods for each zone.Appendix 2 summarises the zones in the reserves. Table 2 Bushfire Management Zones

Zone Objective Description Methods AssetProtectionZone

To minimise the risk ofbushfire damage to lifeand property and toprotect assets.

Areas immediatelyadjacent to assets atrisk.

Fuel not to exceed fivetonnes/hectares. Fuel managed by slashing,selective shrub clearing,construction of radiationbarriers, trail constructionor burning.

Strategic FireManagementZone

To provide for strategiccontainment of wildfires.To provide safe accessto bushfire fighters. Toassist with theachievement of a fireregime which isconsistent with reservemanagement outcomes.

Areas usually adjacentto infrastructure (egfiretrails, roads, walkingtracks and clearedboundaries) in order toadd depth and furtherreduce the risk ofwildfires escaping zoneboundaries.

Fuel not to exceed 15tonnes/hectares. Suppress or contain firesthat are inconsistent withthe fire prescription. Fuel managed by slashing,selective shrub clearing,construction of radiationbarriers, trail constructionor prescribed burning.

Heritage AreaManagement Zone

To manage bushfires tomeet the conservationobjectives for species,populations, habitats,wilderness areas orcultural heritage valueswhich may be at risk oflong-term damage as aresult of inappropriatebushfire regimes.

Areas that are managedspecifically forconservation objectivesand incorporate anynatural or culturalheritage feature whichrequires special firemanagement attention.

To be determinedaccording to the area. Suppress fires inconsistentwith the fire prescription.


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Map 11a. Bushfire management zones for Royal National Park


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Map 11b. Bushfire management zones for Heathcote National Park


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Map 11c. Bushfire management zones for Garawarra State Recreation Area


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5.2 Management Areas The purpose of management areas is to:• provide a convenient method of naming zones;• summarise extensive ecological and fire history information; and• provide a quick reference to details of the area for incident operations. The management areas are delineated by roads and trails or by significant naturalfeatures, such as watercourses. The management areas for the three reserves are shown in maps 12, 13 and 14. Eachmanagement area may have one or more fire management zones within it. Each management area has a ‘profile’. The profile outlines detailed information, includingfire history, rare and threatened species present, vegetation communities present, firemanagement objectives, strategies and performance indicators. The management areaprofiles for the three reserves are contained in Volume 2.


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Map 12: Management areas for Royal National Park


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Map 13: Management areas for Heathcote National Park


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Map 14: Management areas for Garawarra State Recreation Area


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5.3 Protection of Neighbours, Visitors and Facilities Areas within the reserves that are adjacent to urban areas have been classified as assetprotection zones within this plan to indicate the importance of maintaining low fuel levels(less than five tonnes per hectare) as a barrier to fire. The asset protection zones areshown on the management zone maps for each reserve. There are a number of methods to reduce fuel loads.1. Prescription burning has been utilised for some time in many places as the prime

method of fuel and hazard reduction.

2. Hand removal, slashing and mowing of vegetation are all viable alternatives for smallareas. They can be effective fuel management tools in the short and longer term,providing fire protection while maintaining biodiversity and cultural heritage valuesand avoiding many of the problems of large prescribed burns.

3. Pile burns involves burning weeds or other vegetation to reduce fuel loads on asmall scale and promotes the germination of many types of plants.

Where there are endangered plant species or situations where burning is difficult,removing leaf litter to expose bare soil may successfully promote germination of seedstored in the soil and avoid the need to burn (Cranny 1999). In addition, hand weedingusing bush regeneration techniques encourages the regrowth of native vegetation andminimises the area disturbed, so fewer weeds recolonise.

Protection of life and property adjoining the reserves can be enhanced by the work ofneighbouring residents. Community fireguard groups with neighbours, the NSW FireBrigade, local councils and other interested parties can promote fire awareness. The aimof such groups is to increase awareness of fire behaviour, assist in its early detection,explain and encourage practices that will reduce risks to life and property and toincrease understanding of NPWS fire hazard reduction activities.


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5.4 Protection of Biodiversity

5.4.1 Evaluation of Current Fire Regimes

The occurrence of fire over the last 30 years has exceeded the thresholds for rainforest,riparian scrub, and littoral forest communities (1993/94 fire season). Biodiversity declineis predicted if a fire occurs in these communities. Most of the rainforest species withinthe reserves are fire sensitive and the structure of the rainforest community is adverselyaffected by fire. It is thought that a rainforest requires at least 100 years without fire forthis structure to return. Too many fires in a rainforest community will result in a change ofthe species present and alter the community to one resembling more of a moist forest orwoodland and may eventually turn it into an open woodland dominated by bracken andblady grass. Rainforest occurs primarily in the upper Hacking Catchment of GarawarraState Recreation Area and Royal National Park. The littoral rainforests are listed underthe Threatened Species Conservation Act 1997 and require protection.

The sandstone and shale gully forests occur in sheltered slopes and gullies throughout thereserves. These communities are predicted to decline in biodiversity if there is a highintensity fire within a period of 100 to 200 years and/or if two fires occur within 20years. Biodiversity may already be in decline for these communities in the eastern sectionof Royal as there have been three high intensity fires (1980/81, 1988/89 and 1993/94)in relatively quick succession.

Heath occurs throughout the reserves. Frequent fires are reducing the range and ageclass of some species and communities. Banksia ericifolia is predominantly found inheath and woodlands in Royal National Park. It depends on fire to release its seedsfrom its cones but the adults are also usually killed by the fire. As noted by Gill (1981),five to eight years without fire is required to enable germination, the plant to grow tomaturity, flower and set viable seed. Several fires within a few years will lead to thedemise of this species. Many of the heathland species within the reserves have a similarresponse to fire and require several years to mature before they can set viable seed.Repeated, short interval fires within these heath lands will result in localised extinction ofseveral species. In west Royal National Park, another fire before 2002/3 may causebiodiversity to decline in heathlands.

Heathcote National Park the opposite situation is occurring. In many areas, biodiversitymay be declining as a result of too long without fire. At the same time, HeathcoteNational Park’s mature communities are important as refuge and seed source.

Garawarra State Recreation Area sits somewhere in between Royal and Heathcotenational parks. Many of the vegetation communities are within suggested thresholds. Theexceptions are rainforest and gully forest, which have had high intensity fires in 1993/94.These communities may be experiencing a decline in biodiversity.


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5.4.2 Principles and ThresholdsBiodiversity conservation is about preventing the extinction of species, especiallyextinctions brought about by human actions. An aim of fire management within thereserves is to maintain species and community biodiversity. The objective is to keep thefire regimes of each plant community within the appropriate thresholds to maintainbiodiversity.

Ecological research into fire-prone ecosystems has established some general principlesabout the fire regimes that will avoid the extinction of species and conserve biodiversity.

1. Groups of plant and animal species respond similarly to fire according to thecharacteristics of their life history (Bradstock, Keith and Auld 1995). Therefore,individual fire regimes are not required for every species. The requirements for mostplant species can be summarised on the basis of broad groups. Knowledge ofrequirements for groups of animals is less advanced.

2. Animals and plants are interrelated since plants form an important component ofhabitat for animals. Fire management must consider this interaction.

3. A diversity of fire regimes may be needed to maintain native biodiversity. Thismeans that over time there is a place for fires of high, low and moderate intensity,frequency and size. Extinctions are likely when there are uninterrupted fire regimesof relatively fixed intensity, frequency and extent.

4. For some groups of biota, thresholds separating desirable and undesirable fireregimes for conservation can be defined. Management should be targeted towarddesirable fire regimes using these thresholds. Fire regimes will be assessed bymapping the locality and characteristics of all fires to regularly review, refine andadjust fire regimes. Depending on the community type and prevailing fire regimes,there may be a role for both prescribed fire and/or fire exclusion in parts of anygiven reserve.

The inter-relationships between flora and fauna and fire cannot be over-emphasised, aseach has immediate and lasting effects on the other.


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5.4.2.1 FloraThe dominant species in the vegetation communities found within the reserves areoutlined in Appendix 1. The sites where these associations occur are listed in themanagement area profiles in Volume 2. They have been mapped on the NPWSgeographic information system database and are shown on Map 5. Table 3 shows thebiodiversity thresholds for fire frequencies in these communities. These thresholds guidedthe development of fire management strategies.

Table 3 Biodiversity thresholds for fire frequencies for the broad vegetation groups (based on Bradstock, Keith and Auld (1995), Bradstock, pers. comm.)Vegetation type code Vegetation community Decline in biodiversity predicted

if:VEG TYPE A Sandstone heath

Rock pavement heathSand heathHeadland heathUpland swampDune scrub

• there are more than two fires inquick succession within a periodof eight years;

• there are three fires in quicksuccession within a period of 15to 30 years; or

• there are no fires within 30 years. VEG TYPE B Sandstone woodland

Tall dry forest(Garawarra) Tall dry forest (lowerHacking) Ironstone woodland Shale ridge forest Sand dune forest

• there are more than two fires inquick succession within a periodof eight years;

• there is less than one fire every 30years.

VEG TYPE C Sandstone gully forest Shale gully forest Coastal gully forest Bulgo forest

• there are two fires in quicksuccession within a period of 20years;

• there are two or more high-intensity fires with completescorch of the tree canopy within aperiod of 100 years;

• there is no high-intensity fire withina period of 100 to 200 years.

VEG TYPE D Dry riparian scrub Wet riparian scrub Warm temperate/subtropical rainforest(types A and B) Littoral rainforest Mangrove Saltmarsh

• a fire occurs


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5.4.2.2 Threatened Flora The threatened plant species likely to require a high level of management during a fireevent are listed in Table 4. Complete information is not available for all of these speciesand the information presented is the current state of knowledge. Table 4: Fire requirements for rare or threatened Australian plants (Briggs and Leigh1988; NPWS 2000b) SPECIES RESERVE

COMMUNITY FIRE REGIME

Burnettia cuneata Lizard orchid

Sandstone gully forest (foundin swamps)

Unknown: provide variable fireinterval and intensity.

Corybas undulatus Tailed helmet orchid

Eastern heath

Avoid autumn burns. Fire interval ofgreater than five years suspected.

Darwinia biflora Sandstone ridge woodland

Fire free period of five to 10 years.Fires of moderate to high intensitydesirable to promote germination.

Darwinia diminuta Sandstone ridge woodlandand gully forest


Darwinia grandiflora Sandstone ridge woodland,gully forest and eastern heath


Diuris aequalis Donkey orchids sp.

Eastern heath


Eucalyptus camfieldii Heart-leaved stringybark

Sandstone ridge woodlandand gully forest, uplandswamp and eastern heath

Avoid repeated fires less than 10years apart. High frequency fireregimes are likely to depletepopulations.

Eucalyptus leuhmanniana Yellow-topped ash

Sandstone ridge woodlandand gully forest

Avoid repeated fires less than 10years apart. High frequency fireregimes are likely to depletepopulations.

Genoplesium baueri Midge orchid sp.

Sandstone ridge woodland,gully forest

Unknown: provide for variable fireinterval and intensity. Probablyprefers fires of low intensity.

Gonocarpus salsoloides Nodding rasport

Sandstone ridge woodlandand gully forest (mostlyswampy areas).

Avoid repeated fires of less than fiveyears. Requires fire at least every 15years. Fire sensitive, obligate seedregenerator. Juvenile period is one tothree years and can live for five to20 years.

Grevillea longifolia Sheltered valley sides onsandstone, usually close to

May require low to moderate firefrequency and intensity.


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creeks, but occasionally onscrubby tops.

Hibbertia nitida Shiny guinea flower

Sandstone ridge woodland,warm temperate/ subtropicalrainforest


Leucopogon exolasius Sandstone ridge woodland

Probable: requirement of fire intervalgreater than five years and variableintensity.

Lomandra brevis Sandstone ridge woodlandand gully forest


Lomandra fluviatilis Sandstone ridge woodlandand gully forest. Found indry rocky creek beds.


Melaleuca deanei Deane’s honeymyrtle

Sandstone ridge woodland.Found in marshy heath oncoastal sandstone plateaus.

May require low to moderate firefrequency.

Monotoca ledifolia Restricted to HeathcoteNational Park. Found in dryopen heath on shallow soils.

Unknown; provide variable fireinterval and intensity

Papillilabium beckleri Sandstone ridge woodland,eastern heath, rainforest.Found mostly along creeks.

Exclude fire. Avoid crown fires.

Pultenaea aristata Found in heath andwoodland on sandstone. Restricted to the WoronoraPlateau from Helensburg toMt Keira.

Probably requires fires of moderateintensity every three years.

Platysace stephensonii Stephenson’s platysace

Scattered in coastal heaths. Unknown: provide variable fireinterval.

Tetratheca neglecta Sandstone ridge woodland,eastern heath


Thysanotus virgatus Sandstone ridge woodlandand gully forest


Typhonium eliosurum Sandstone woodland andheath.

Unknown: provide variable fireinterval.

Where fire regime requirements for these species are known and differ from the regimeto be applied to the surrounding vegetation, site-specific fire management strategies willbe prepared to improve the viability of the local population. The occurrence of any ofthese species in a reserve is listed in the relevant management area profile in Volume 2.


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5.4.2.3 Threatened Fauna A number of threatened species of migratory birds have been recorded in the reservesbut are not discussed here as their mobility will generally allow them to escape fireevents or their preferred habitat is unlikely to be affected by fire. The remnantpopulations and species that are likely to require protection from fire or a high level ofmanagement during fire are listed in Table 5. Table 5. Summary of Threatened Fauna and Fire Regime Guidelines

Species Fire requirements and firemanagement guidelines

Preferred habitat

Red goshawk* Erythrotriorchisradiatus

Little known - feeds on birds inforests and woodlands, avoidance ofhigh intensity fires desirable.

Eastern heath

Regent honeyeater* Xanthomyza phrygia

Little known – probably requiresfires of varying intensity whichcreate a mosaic of burned andunburned areas to retain the largeemergent trees it prefers forfeeding. A good understorey shouldalso be maintained to ensure highlevels of insect prey are supported..

Box ironbark forest and lowlandcoastal forests dominated byswamp mahogany or spotted gumare preferred habitats. Preferrednectar trees include muggaironbark, yellow box, yellow gumand white box. Prefers largeemergent trees. Also feeds oninsects, lerps and honeydew.

Superb parrot Polytelis swainsonii

Intense fires causing tree damagemay reduce feed. Long absence offire may reduce regeneration of nesthollows.

Open woodland.

Powerful owl* Ninox strenua

Minimise high intensity fires. Avoidfires in moist Sydney sandstone gullyforest and, wherever possible,protect potential habitat trees fromfire damage. Large home rangesuggests the species will beminimally impacted by inappropriateregimes affecting small areas, butthe survival of this species relies onthe survival of its prey which areprimarily smaller, arboreal speciesthat are more sensitive toinappropriate fire regimes.

Cleared; sandstone ridgewoodland; sandstone gully forest;mallee heath; forest on narrabeenshale; eastern heath; water Recorded at Garawarra Farm,Wattle Forest, Bonnie Vale andLady Carrington Drive/CawleysCk

Masked owl* Tytonovaehollandiae

Avoid frequent fires of moderate tohigh intensity. Keep fire out ofmature age class stands or keep tothe lowest of intensities particularlyfrom April to August, thoughbreeding may take place anytime of

Eucalypt forest and woodlandusing riparian forest types andpartially cleared land and forestedges for hunting. Requires maturetrees for nesting. Not detected in 1997 survey.


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year. Sooty owl* Tyto tenebricosa

Avoid fires in moist Sydneysandstone gully forest and rainforest.Fire regimes suitable for theretention of small to medium sizedterrestrial and arboreal mammals areessential, as they are the primaryfood source of the sooty owl.

Cleared; sandstone gully forest;forest on Narrabeen shale;warm/temperate subtropicalrainforest; eastern heath. Recorded in the Woronora Valley,Bola Ck-northern end of Royal;SLW Drive; Herbert Ck-GillsGully.

Barking owl Ninox connivens

Frequent fires can directly reduceprey numbers. Frequent lowintensity burns may reduce thehabitat quality of prey species.

Not detected in 1997 survey. Open woodland or semi clearedland near creeks and rivers and onthe coast in open country nearriverine or swamps

Large-footed mouse-eared bat Myotis adversus

Exclude all fires from rainforestswhere they roost, exclude fire duringrearing of young in December.

Sandstone gully forest

Large pied bat Chalinolobus dwyeri

Fire requirements unknown;however a simplification of foreststructure would reduce the availableprey for this insectivorous species.During prescribed burning andmopping-up, protect hollow trees.

Wet and dry sclerophyll forest.Reported to favour moist forest.Roosts in caves, mine tunnels,buildings and tree hollows.

Common bent-wingbat Miniopterusschreibersii

Fire requirements unknown;however a simplification of foreststructure would reduce the availableprey for this insectivorous species.During prescribed burning andmopping-up, protect hollow trees.Protection of maternity roostentrances from fire is important.

Forages in well timbered valleys inwet and dry sclerophyll forest andrainforest. Roosts in caves, oldmines, stormwater channels androck shelters.

Greater broad-nosedbat Scoteanax rueppellii

Fire requirements unknown;however a simplification of foreststructure with the resulting lesseningof the leaf area index would reducethe available prey for thisinsectivorous species. A highlymobile species that should escapethe direct effects of fire. Duringprescribed burning and mopping upprotect hollow trees.

Dry sclerophyll forests andwoodland but prefers wet habitatsand riparian forest. Requiresforests with a sparse understoreyfor foraging or creeks and riversand hollow trees for roosting.

Great pipistrelle Falsistrellustasmaniensis

Felling of known roost trees andpotential roost trees (those withhollows) should be avoided duringmop-up operations.

Upland wet forests (requires treehollows for roosting).

Eastern pygmy-possum

Avoid frequent, low intensity fires inmoist forest, woodland and heath.

Heathcote National Park andRoyal National Park unburnt


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Cercartetus nanus Variety of fire intensities required. areas. Range is rainforest throughto sclerophyll forest to tree heath.Banksias and myrtaceous shrubs isused for food and nests

Brown antechinus Antechinus stuartii

Relatively unaffected by fireregimes but a variety in fire intensityand frequency preferred for besthabitat.

Long-nosed bandicoot Perameles nasuta

Avoid frequent, low intensity fires. Expected to occur in range ofhabitats in Royal, Heathcote,Engadine and Waterfall urbaninterface.

Giant burrowing frog Helioporusaustraliacus

Preference for moist or inundatedsites and ability to burrow is likely toprotect it from fire.

Sandstone ridge woodland, sandstone gully forest, eastern heath Royal National Park with sandysubstrates

Red crowned toadlet Pseudophryneaustralis

Fire requirements unknown, butwould be sensitive to its habitatbeing burnt at any time orfrequency. Breeding season issummer. As its habitat is wet, it isunlikely to be adversely by fire.Avoid unnecessary clearing ofrocks, fallen logs and othercomponents of ground fuel whichprovide shelter for the species.

Hawkesbury sandstone habitats inephemeral creeks and drainagelines with grass and other debris.Found in Royal National Park in awide range of vegetationcommunities and substrates.

Green and golden bellfrog Litoria aurea

Fire requirements are unknown, butwould probably be sensitive tohabitat being burnt at any time orfrequency. Avoid burning its knownand potential habitat in breedingseason (summer). Preference formoist or inundated sites is likely toprotect it from fire.

Sandstone ridge woodland, sandstone gully forest. Occurs at Jibbon Lagoon.

Heath monitor Varanus rosenbergi

Fire requirements are unknown;large arboreal reptiles may have highsensitivity to hot fires. Fires wouldreduce ground cover for the species.Avoid unnecessary clearing ofrocks, fallen logs and othercomponents of ground fuel whichprovide shelter for the species.

A variety of habitats.

Broad headed snake Hoplocephalusbungaroides

Restricted to weathered sandstoneridge tops. Shelters under rocks in sprin andwinter and in tree hollows in

Fire requirements are unknown.Probably requires fires of lowintensity and frequency. Duringsummer it utilises tree hollows.


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summer. Avoid clearing rocks, fallen logsand other large components ofground fuel that provide shelter forthe species.

The tall moist eucalypt/rainforest community supports the richest diversity of birds andneeds to be protected from wildfire and overuse. Heavy visitor use is considered to bethe major factor contributing to many species being less readily observed now than 20years ago. Another factor contributing to the decline in bird numbers is the isolation ofthe park by urbanisation and the consequent loss of vegetated corridors. The vulnerablepower owl (Ninox strenua), which breeds in the southern end of Royal National Park,is particularly sensitive to any diminution of its habitat.

5.5 Fire Regime Strategies for Biodiversity Conservation The aim of fire management for conservation is to minimise the loss of species in thereserves by maintaining appropriate fire frequencies for each vegetation community andthreatened species within their biodiversity thresholds. To manage biodiversity:• the fire regime for each community will be maintained within the biodiversity

thresholds, as far as possible;• fire will be excluded in areas where fire frequency has been high and the biodiversity

thresholds are likely to have been exceeded; and• the use of fire will be considered in areas that have not experienced fire for a period

that exceeds the biodiversity thresholds. Any prescribed burn will involve a portionof a vegetation community to ensure that a mosaic of different age groups is created.This may mean some parts of that community will be extended beyond theirbiodiversity thresholds temporarily.

Managers should refer to the management area profiles in Volume 2 and Table 3 to findthe biodiversity thresholds for each vegetation community and the known fire history forthose communities.

5.6 Effects of Fire Suppression on Biodiversity Some activities involved in the control of wildfire in a reserve may adversely affect thefloral and faunal communities there. Such activities include construction of control lines,use of heavy machinery and use of fire retardant chemicals. Potential damage should beavoided wherever possible. Table 6 details operational guidelines to be implementedduring all bushfire operations.

5.7 Pest Management and Bush Regeneration Pest management will be a part of rehabilitation plans. Fire can provide conditions thatfavour some weed species. The ‘clearing’ effect of fire provides an ideal situation inwhich to carry out follow-up weeding. A weeding program should be mandatory


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following any prescribed burn activity and is highly desirable following wildfire. Themethod will be appropriate to the circumstances, usually hand weeding of seedlings andresprouting plants three to nine months after the fire. Frequent low-intensity burns are thought to favour feral mammal species by reducing thedensity of the understorey vegetation, allowing easier access and reducing the amount ofprotective cover available to native species.

5.8 Protection of Cultural Heritage

5.8.1 Aboriginal Heritage Where fire is very intense, exfoliation of rock may cause irrevocable damage toAboriginal art sites, such as rock shelters and engravings. Mortar and brick can alsocrack in high-intensity fires and burnt trees can collapse onto a site, damaging ordestroying it. Operational activities that may cause damage to a cultural site include construction ofmanagement trails and bulldozer trails, fire vehicles driven over sites, helicopter landingpads on or around sites and inappropriate construction of control lines over sites. To protect Aboriginal sites in the reserves, there should be:• procedures to ensure that the location of Aboriginal sites and their vulnerability to

fire are known to fire managers;• an environmental assessment prepared prior to any prescribed burning to determine

the effects on any Aboriginal sites;• the register of locations of Aboriginal sites readily available to the incident

management team during all fire suppression operations; and• consideration of the effects of fire on Aboriginal sites in all post-fire reports and

recommendations for ameliorative action. When a previously unknown Aboriginal site is revealed by fire, immediate archaeologicalassessment should be undertaken and the appropriate land councils notified. The LaPerouse Local Aboriginal Land Council covers the northern part of the reserves and theIllawarra Local Aboriginal Land Council the southern. Operational guidelines are given in Table 6.

5.8.2 European Heritage Protection of the historical heritage of the reserves is of a high priority. Managementpractices to reduce fuel loads should consider any damage that may result to historicsites either directly or indirectly. Suppression activities during wildfires should usemethods that avoid damage to historic heritage. The historic assets are listed in the relevant management area profile for each reserve in


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Volume 2. Operational guidelines are given in Table 6.


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5.9 Smoke Management Section 24A of the Clean Air Act 1961 states that the Environmental ProtectionAuthority has the power to declare a no-burn period. Therefore, the NPWS will liaisewith the Authority when planning a prescribed burn. The Sydney Basin is a smoke-sensitive area, as smoke may affect local residents,hospitals, retirement villages, schools and air quality as well as visibility for road, air andharbour traffic. Smoke management is the application of knowledge of fire behaviourand meteorological processes to minimise air-quality degradation during prescribed fires(Conroy 1994). The NPWS will adopt Conroy’s (1996) smoke management guidelinesto reduce emissions from any prescribed burn.

1. Before a prescribed burn, environmental conditions are assessed to ensure thatsmoke is carried away from urban areas.

2. Burning should be carried out when there is low fuel-moisture content to minimisesmoke emissions. This may involve burning during drier periods of the year wheremore resources have to be directed to containment strategies.

3. Where possible, burning should not be undertaken when smoke will affect outdoorleisure and recreation activities, such as school holidays and during special events.

4. Neighbours and residents of sensitive areas will be notified well in advance ofprescribed burns and will be asked to assist with removing accumulated debris.

5. Managers of hospitals and retirement villages within the area will be informed ofproposed burns and wildfires.

6. Debris, such as tyres or dumped rubbish, will be removed from bushland areasbefore burns are commenced.

7. Backing fires (ie moderate to high intensity fires with low rates of spread) should beused during prescribed burns as an operational technique to control smokeemissions.

8. Aggressive mop-up of fires should be implemented to minimise the smoulderingstage of suppression.

9. Alternative hazard and risk management techniques are to be used where possible.

10. The NPWS will liaise closely with the Environmental Protection Authority and theBureau of Meteorology.


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6. Wildfire Control

6.1. Fire Prevention Fire prevention will involve:• fuel-reduction programs where necessary in the designated asset protection zones

and strategic management zones;• high levels of surveillance within the parks during periods of severe fire weather;• implementing park fire bans as appropriate during extreme fire danger periods; and• public education programs and participation in Community Fireguard to educate

park neighbours in fire awareness, property protection and arson detection.

6.1.1 Total Fire Ban and Park Fire Ban Days A total fire ban is declared if the Minister considers that it is necessary or expedient inthe interests of public safety to do so, including the prevailing and forecast weatherconditions, and the current fire activity. The NPWS is obliged to enforce total fire bansin the reserves. Park fire ban days may be declared if:• the regional manager considers that there is a risk to the safety of visitors and

property;• there are active fires in the reserve;• a total fire ban has been declared in an adjoining weather region; and• the fire danger index is +24, and drought index is KBDI +100 or SDI +80. Fire bans mean that the region is at a greater level of alert, with public notification of nofires, patrols and equipment/staff available.

6.1.2 Closure of NPWS Areas The decision to declare a reserve closure or to cancel activities will be determined bythe regional manager, area manager and duty officer. A closure may be declared when:• there is a total fire ban in force; and• after an assessment of the fuel conditions, the duty officer considers there is an

unacceptable risk to the safety of visitors; and• there is an active fire in or adjacent to the reserve; or• the fire danger index is greater than 20, KBDI is over 100 or fire behaviour

predictions indicate a very high to extreme fire danger; or• there are depleted resources/staffing levels in the reserve. Closure of an area must be considered seriously in the event of a Class 2 wildfire.In the event of emergency closure, an area may be patrolled by aerial reconnaissance todetermine the presence of visitors.

6.1.3 Arson Arson is defined as ‘the deliberate ignition of any property or land with the intent to


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maliciously destroy or damage it or with the intent to endanger of another person’. This definition may not have been strictly applied in the past. Older records show the firetype as arson where initial cause of fire is unclear but known to be of human origin. Thiscould have included:• accidental escapes of small fires such as campfires;• dumping and torching of cars; or• deliberate arson. Strategies to prevent these types of ignitions can include:• programs for park users, such as picnickers, fisherman and illegal campers, to

educate about accidental escapes of small fires;• restricting access, and conducting patrols and surveillance of likely dump sites for

burning of motor vehicles; and• surveillance, targeted policing, increased patrols and park closure on high fire danger

days, vandal proof gates to guard against arson. Future recording of ignition causes will allow appropriate selection of managementstrategies as patterns become clearer in specific areas.

6.1.4 Fire Detection The primary means of fire detection has been through the vigilance of neighbours. Thissituation is likely to continue. NPWS staff will also be involved in fire detection activitiesthrough regular patrols of the reserves on days of high fire danger. The Rural FireService and NSW Fire Brigades also alert the NPWS to fires that occur on the reserveswhen they have received that information via ‘000’ emergency calls.

6.1.5 Cooperative Firefighting Arrangements NPWS will participate in the DCP (Development Control Plan) and local environmentalplan process with Wollongong Council to encourage the consideration of bushfirehazard in development planning. A cooperative and planned approach to fire management is currently being achievedthrough the Bush Fire Management Committee process. In particular, fire preventionmeasures on a local government area scale will be achieved through the riskmanagement planning process. The NPWS is an active participant in this forum, andstrongly supports cooperative management.

6.1.6 Fire Suppression NPWS are seeking the cooperation of all fire authorities in adopting the guidingprinciples as a framework in the management of fire within our reserves. Theseprinciples and procedures are outlined in the Sydney South Incident Directory and theBush Fire Management Committee Plan of Operations. Table 6 lists the operational guidelines to be implemented during all bushfire operations,


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including wildfires and prescribed fires. These guidelines aim to protect the natural andcultural values of the reserves. Table 6: Operational Guidelines Area / Resource Operational Guidelines Vegetation communities wherefire has been more frequentthan the minimum fire frequencythreshold

Minimise the burn area.

Vegetation communities wherefire has been less frequent thanthe maximum fire frequencythreshold

Maximise the burn area, with consideration given to:• maintaining a mosaic of burnt and unburnt areas• keeping fire behaviour within controllable parameters• consultation with neighbours

Aboriginal and historic sites • Brief all personnel involved in control line construction onthe location of sites and required control line route.

• If possible, protect all sites from damage.• Check for unknown sites during and after operations.

Threatened flora • Brief all personnel involved in control line construction onthe location of sites and required control line route.

• Check for unknown locations of threatened flora duringoperations.

• Protect populations or individuals from burn area if thefire frequency thresholds are exceeded or the fireresponse category of the species is obligate seeder orunknown.

Threatened fauna • Brief all personnel involved in control line construction onthe location of sites and required control line routes.

• Check for unknown locations of threatened fauna duringoperations.

• If possible, protect habitat area from burn if the effects ofthe resulting fire frequency, season or intensity will have asignificant impact or are unknown.

Heavy machinery • Restrict use to existing trail or control lines.• Exclude machinery from slopes greater than 30 percent.• Close and rehabilitate all new control lines constructed for

emergency operations immediately after the incident.• Incorporate remedial works for erosion control.• Brief all personnel involved on the location of Aboriginal

or historic sites and threatened species. Firefighting chemicals • Wetting and foaming agents are permitted for use in

bushfire control. Exclude the use of wetting or foamingagents within 20 metres of a watercourse or dam.Repeated use in an area is to be avoided.

• The use of retardants will be avoided where alternativesare available. Their use is not considered to beappropriate in areas with low nutrient soils. If retardantsare used, the procedures in the NPWS Fire Management


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Manual must be followed. Use of salt water If fresh water is unavailable for direct attack the limited use

of salt water is considered to be acceptable. Knowledge ofthe impacts of the use of salt water for fire suppression onvegetation is largely anecdotal but its repeated use in any onearea is to be avoided (Bradstock pers. comm.). Its use insome areas (ie on red crowned toadlet habitat) is to beavoided if at all possible. The impacts of saltwater areidentified as a high priority for research and monitoring.

Backburning Where possible, brief all personnel involved on the location ofAboriginal or historic sites and threatened species and protectfrom burning.

Smoke management Prescribed burning and backburning operations will haveregard to the best-practice guidelines (see Section 4.6)

Visitor control The reserves may be closed due to conditions which createan extreme fire danger or during firefighting operations.


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6.2 Fire Advantages Fire advantages are features on the landscape that can be used to suppress a wildfire orcan be used as a fire control line. These advantages are normally natural features, suchas cliff lines, rivers or lakes. They can also be human-made features such as a trail, aslashed/mowed strip of land or a road. Map 15 shows the trail system and suppressionadvantages within the reserves.

6.2.1 Total Fire Ban and Park Fire Ban Days An extensive network of four-wheel-drive and walking trails provides for managementand recreational access to large parts of the reserves. This network has been establishedfor access, fire management and low-impact recreational activities. A series of sealedroads within Royal National Park also provide 24-hour access to Maianbar, Bundeenaand the Illawarra. Management trails are generally dirt trails that are accessible by four-wheel-drivevehicles. The trails have turn-around circles and refuge bays for vehicles to pass oneanother or seek refuge if trapped in a fire. The sides of the trails may also be slashed toreduce the fuel on the fringes of the trail. Sealed roads may also be used as managementtrails. Past fire events have shown that the current management trails within the reserves(especially Royal National Park) do not fulfil the task of fire suppression adequately.Many of the trails within Royal National Park were constructed before the NPWSmanaged the reserve and were made for access to a specific location rather than as firesuppression lines. A detailed trail register is included as Appendix 3. It identifies those trails that providestrategic protection. Priority will be given to these trails for maintenance. Trails are alsoshown in Map 15.


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Map 15. Management trails, walking tracks and suppression advantages forRoyal, Heathcote and Garawarra reserves.


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6.2.2 Fire Management Utilities Fire management utilities are infrastructure that assist in the detection and control ofwildfires, and assist in fire-management operations. This includes dams, watering pointsand helipads. Specific utilities are listed in the individual management area profiles inVolume 2. Most of the watering points used by fire tankers within the park are naturally occurringwater features, such as creeks, water holes and rivers. Fire hydrant points located alongthe tarred roads and at the Region Office and Audley workshop are also available to firevehicles if a portable hydrant is placed at that point. Audley workshop has an overheadwater filler for watering fire vehicles. Constructed helipads in the reserves are identified in Appendix 4.

6.3.3 Fuel Reduced Zones Fuel reduced zones are human made suppression advantages where the vegetation hasbeen deliberately left under-scrubbed so there is minimal fuel available to a bushfire. Inmost cases, these zones have been reduced to grass with isolated trees and have a totalfuel loading of much less than seven tonnes/hectares fine fuel load. Several fire radiationzones have already been employed around the boundaries of Royal and Heathcotenational parks as part of a joint effort by Sutherland Rural Fire Service and SydneySouth Region to protect properties adjoining the reserves. The existing fuel reduced zones are:• East Heathcote perimeter• Grays Point School perimeter• Waterfall East (includes railway houses, bushfire brigade, railway carpark)• Waterfall School (Waterfall East)• Bundeena East (Eric Street, Bundeena)• Power Lines and Residence, Farnell Ave. Audley• Savilles Creek, Greys Point (from Greenhaven Place)• Maianbar, the Reserve• Woodfield Avenue, Bundeena (behind residences on southern side)• Southern boundary of Bundeena (various locations where accessible, on park) and• Aviation tower, Woronora Trig.These zones are represented on the zone maps 11a, 11b and 11c.

6.3 Fire Management Facilities The NPWs has a fully equipped workshop at Farnell Avenue, Loftus. Equipment isidentified in the Sydney South Incident Directory. A pre-fire season check and


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maintenance will be undertaken for all NPWS plant and firefighting equipment to ensureits reliability and preparedness. Pre-season fire training days will be used to checkequipment and increase preparedness.


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7. Management Activities

7.1 Annual Works Program The works programmed for the next five years will be identified in the Sydney SouthRegion Operations Plan, which lists all park management works to be conducted in allreserves in the region, and the risk management plans prepared by the region bush firemanagement committee for Sutherland and Wollongong shires. The works will bemonitored by the Sydney South Region Manager and an annual report on the works willbe completed and submitted to the Region Manager and the bush fire managementcommittees. The strategies and actions listed in the management area profiles in Volume 2 will formthe basis of the annual works program. Other factors that determine annual fuelmanagement works include the need to respond to community concerns, managementinitiatives and variable financial resources. The NPWS annual works program for the protection from bushfire aims to protect high-risk areas within and adjoining the reserves. The program will include: • slashing to maintain areas of low fuel in fire radiation zones and management trails.

The 15 to 30 metre mechanically slashed zones are at key locations within andbordering the reserves;

• maintaining appropriate management trails as specified in the NPWS Fire

Management Manual so that they are able to be used by four-wheel-drive vehicles; • submitting the hazard-reduction burning program to relevant region bush fire

management committees at the end of the fire season for comment/approval andimplementing the program, if weather conditions permit, before the next fire season;

• carrying out environmental impact assessments for all management trail maintenanceand hazard reductions; and

• keeping written records in the NPWS Royal National Park office of all fires thatoccur in the Royal reserves. All fire ignition points and extent will be mapped anddigitised on the geographic information system.

7.2 Research Research is an integral part of fire management. Research can be divided into:• planned diversity studies to determine the presence and distribution of species;• planned research on plant and animal responses to fire; and• opportunistic research (eg if a wildfire occurs, or a hazard reduction is planned) for

specific plant/animal responses to fire.


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In particular, Andrews (1999) suggests that fauna research should consider individualspecies of frogs, reptiles, birds and mammals. Investigations into frogs should:• consider the impacts of fire (both low intensity and high intensity) on the red

crowned toadlet;• consider the behaviour and habitat preferences that make Hylid tree frogs vulnerable

to fire;• research the behaviour and habitat preference of terrestrial frogs, as the impact of

fire on terrestrial frogs is unknown; and• identify refuge areas for terrestrial and tree frogs throughout the reserves and

incorporate into this plan. Investigations into reptiles should:• assess the value of long unburnt areas to reptiles;• identify the habitats of threatened and regionally significant reptiles; and• identify and protect habitat which provides fire refuges for reptiles. Investigations into birds should:1 identify bird species most vulnerable to fire and identify their habitat and potential

refuge areas. The bird species to investigate would be those:- dependent on dense cover of vegetation- dependent on a particular food resource- dependent on a particular nesting resource- low mobility;

• monitor honeyeater population abundances and breeding success in regeneratedbanksia heathland and shrubland (indicator species); and

• monitor distribution and abundance of large owls in the Hacking Catchment andcoastal escarpment (indicator species).

Investigations into mammals should:• identify habitat type and time since fire for

- small mammal species- greater glider- long nosed bandicoot.

Universities have undertaken a range of research into the reserves because of theirproximity to Sydney and Wollongong. A majority of the Hawkesbury sandstoneresearch has been carried out at Royal National Park. As a result, biodiversity surveysare less of a priority. Instead, research should focus on:• monitoring the effects of past fire regimes and present regimes. The information from

these studies will then be used to make predictions in future plans and identify trendsfor further research; and

• finetuning data and conclusions on responses of species to fire by building onprevious research.

It is important that the biodiversity studies are tied in with specific research projects or


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questions. Determining what needs to be answered or what needs to be known isintegral to future work in the reserves. A priority for the Royal reserves will be to focus research on effects of fire regimes onthe lifecycles of fauna, their foraging patterns and distribution. A number of researchprojects will be continued. These include:• annual monitoring of programmed fauna surveys; and• annual monitoring and surveys of vegetation. The Sydney South Region actively seeks interest from scientists and tertiary students.The Region will also seek to establish partnerships with universities to promote long-term research in the reserves. In addition to establishing partnerships with researchbodies, it is important to establish a framework in which to identify and prioritiseresearch for the Royal reserves. The framework will ensure that research is managementorientated and is a priority for fire management in the area. Specific research that hasalready been identified includes:• the distribution of Banksia ericifolia in relation to fire events; and• the impacts on vegetation of using saltwater for fire suppression.

7.3 Monitoring Monitoring will occur at a management level and at a biodiversity level. Management Monitoring is an indicator of whether the Sydney South Region is achieving what theplan sets out. This will include:• measuring fuel levels before and after works in the asset protection and strategic fire

management zones;• reviewing fire management works for their effectiveness and impact on the ecology

of the reserves. Fire mapping and incident recording will ensure that accurate firehistory records can be kept; and

• monitoring and mapping fire events to ensure that the appropriate fire regimes fornative flora and fauna species and communities are maintained.

Monitoring for management purposes should occur more than once a year and at leastonce before the fire danger season. Biodiversity Monitoring establishes base-line conditions and indicates the nature and extent ofenvironmental stress and response. For the Royal reserves, monitoring the dynamics andfluctuations of biodiversity is an important part of fire management. Measuring habitatcomposition and dynamics will provide indicators of habitat health and whether the fireregimes are achieving set objectives. Monitoring should also occur in habitats that have been predicted to lose diversity ifanother fire occurs in the next couple of years.


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7.4 Review and Evaluation The goal of this plan is to help guide the NPWS in the management of fire within Royal,Heathcote and Garawarra reserves for the next five to 10 years. It may be necessary toreview fire management strategies as further research into the management of native floraand fauna develops. The plan will be reviewed and updated within five years asobjectives and our understanding of the fire environment changes. There will be anannual review and an evaluation at the end of the five-year life of this plan. The annual review will occur when preparing annual works programs. Small changes tothe actions and strategies may occur within the plan without formally discussing thechanges with other fire management authorities. Matters that require a more significantvariation will be discussed with the relevant bush fire management committee and anyaffected neighbours. A complete review and updating of the plan will occur after five years. The review will:• consider whether the plan is achieving its objectives;• consider whether the objectives are appropriate;• reassess the strategies in light of current research and management best practice;

and• reassess the strategies taking into account current financial constraints and social

philosophies and concerns. Indicators that the plan has been successfully implemented are that:• there is a reduction in area burnt due to arson events by rapid response, effective

modern suppression techniques and wildfire investigation which have led toconvictions for arson;

• fire advantages are maintained;• fuel reduced and fuel free zones are maintained;• the Region is involved in community fireguard programs; and• appropriate fire regimes are maintained.

Including research and monitoring results from the past five years into the new plan willenable the next plan to be predictive and preventative rather than reactive. An ultimategoal of the fire management plans is to be able to predict the effects of fire on speciesand manage the reserves to best maximise species diversity. The only way this can occuris to critically review and evaluate subsequent plans following a rigorous research andmonitoring program.


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8 References

Andrews, D. (1999) See Section 4.4.1 Draft Report to NSW National Parks andWildlife Service Sydney South Region. Unpublished report.

Andrews, D. (2000) 1996 Post Fire Vertebrate Fauna Survey – Royal andHeathcote National Parks and Garawarra State Recreation Area – Draft Reportto NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service Sydney South Region. Unpublishedreport.

Auld, T.D. Bradstock, R.A. and Keith, D. (1993) Fire as a Threat to Populations ofRare Plants. Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service Endangered SpeciesProgram, Endangered Species Project No. 31. NPWS Environmental Survey andResearch Division, PO Box 1967, Hurstville NSW 2220.

Australian Standards (1991) See Section 4.6.1 AS3959 Building Control Standards

Benson, D. and Howell, J. (1994) ‘The natural vegetation of Sydney’, CunninghamiaVol. 3 (4), Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney, pp. 679-787.

Biosis Research Pty Ltd (1999) Holsworthy Training Area Fire Management Plan.Biosis and Bushfire and Environmental Services, Sydney.

Bradstock, R.A. Keith, D.A. and Auld, T.D. (1995) ‘Fire and conservation:Imperatives and constraints on managing for diversity’. In Conserving Biodiversity:Threats and Solutions (eds) R.A. Bradstock, T.D. Auld, D.A. Keith, R.T. Kingsford,D. Lunny and D.P. Sivertsen. Surry Beatty and Sons, Sydney,

Bradstock, R. and Scott, J. (1995) ‘A basis for planning fire to achieve conservationand protection objectives adjacent to the urban interface’, CALM Science Supplement4, pp. 109-16.

Briggs, J.D. and Leigh, J.H. (1995) Rare or Threatened Australian Plants, CSIRO,Melbourne.

Briggs, J.D. and Leigh, J.H. (1988) See Section 5.4.2.2 Table 4 Rare or ThreatenedAustralian Plants, Special Publication

Bureau of Metereology (1999) See Section 4.4.1 Bureau of Metereology (BOM)internet site

Bureau of Metereology (1997) See Section 4.4.1 BOM internet site


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Catling, P.C. (1991) ‘Ecological effects of prescribed burning practices on the mammals of south-eastern Australia’. In Conservation of Australia’s Forest Fauna(ed) D. Lunney, Royal Zoological Society of NSW, Sydney .

Conroy, R.J. (1993) ‘Fire management strategies for the Sydney region’. In TheBurning Question: Fire Management in NSW, conference proceedings, CoffsHarbour August 1993, Department of Continuing Education, The University of NewEngland, Armidale, pp. 73-81.

Conroy, R.J. (1994) ‘Impacts of fire mitigation strategies’. In Bushfires! Looking tothe Future, papers from Nature Conservation Council of NSW Seminar, June 1994.Envirobook, Sydney, pp. 44-53.

Conroy, R.J. (1996) ‘To burn or not to burn’. In Proceedings of the Linnean Societyof NSW, 116th Edition, Sydney, pp. 79-95.

Conroy, R.J. (1998) Fuel Assessment Guide for the Sydney Region. National Parksand Wildlife Service, Sydney. Unpublished report.

Crosweller, M. (1994) ‘Fire mitigation strategies: non fire-based’. In Bushfire! Lookingto the Future. Papers from the Nature Conservation Council of NSW Seminar, June1994. Envirobook, Sydney.

Department of Bush Fire Services (1991) Planning for Bush Fire Protection: AGuide for Land Use Planners, Fire Authorities, Developers and Home Owners. Department of Bush Fire Services, Sydney.

Dovey, S. (1994) Improving Bushfire Management for Southern New South Wales,Southern Regional Fire Association, Nowra.

Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979, NSW Government, Sydney.

Fairley, A. (1995) Discovering Royal National Park on Foot. Alken Press, Sydney.

Gill, M. (1981) ‘Fire, hazard and tool’. In Heaths in New South Wales, National Parksand Wildlife Service, Sydney, pp. 50-56.

Groves, R. (1981) ‘Heath revegetation’. In Heaths in New South Wales, NSWNational Parks and Wildlife Service, Sydney, pp. 13-26.

Hazleton, P.A. and Tille P.J. (1990) Soil Landscapes of the Wollongong - PortHacking 1:100 000 Sheet. Soil Conservation Service of NSW, Sydney.

Keith, D. (1996) ‘Fire driven extinction of plant populations: A synthesis of theory andreview of evidence from Australian vegetation’. In Proceedings of the Linnean Society


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of NSW 116, pp. 37-78.

Keith, D. (1989) Conservation of Vegetation in Royal National Park, HeathcoteNational Park and Garawarra State Recreation Area. Unpublished report.

Luke, R.H. and McArthur, A.G. (1978) Bushfires in Australia, Department of PrimaryIndustry, Forestry and Timber Bureau, CSIRO Division of Forest Research. AustralianGovernment Publishing Services, Canberra.

McDougall, L. and Benson, D. (1999) Rare Bushland Plants of Western Sydney,Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney.

NPWS (2000a) Plan of Management for Royal National Park, Heathcote NationalPark and Garawarra State Recreational Area. National Parks and Wildlife Service,Sydney South Region.

NPWS (2000b) Atlas of NSW Wildlife (computer database). National Parks andWildlife Service, Sydney.

NPWS (2000c) Sydney South Region Incident Procedures. National Parks andWildlife Service, Sydney South Region.

NPWS (1998) Guidelines for the Preparation of Reserve Fire Management Plans.National Parks and Wildlife Service, Sydney. Internal publication.

NPWS (1997) Draft NSW Biodiversity Strategy, Life’s Variety Biodiversity.National Parks and Wildlife Service, Sydney.

NPWS (1994) Fire Management Manual. Departmental policy and operations guidefor NPWS fire management activities, National Parks and Wildlife Service, Sydney.

NPWS (1993) Royal National Parks Coastal Walking Tracks. Visitor guide,National Parks and Wildlife Service, Sydney.

Rural Fire Service (2000a) Draft Wollongong Bush Fire Management CommitteeOperations Plan. Rural Fire Service, Sydney.

Rural Fire Service (2000b) Draft Wollongong Bush Fire Management CommitteeBush Fire Risk Management Plan. Rural Fire Service, Sydney.

Rural Fire Service (2000c) Draft Sutherland Bush Fire Management CommitteeOperations Plan. Rural Fire Service, Sydney.

Rural Fire Service (2000d) Draft Sutherland Bush Fire Management CommitteeBush Fire Risk Management Plan. Rural Fire Service, Sydney.


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Dovey, S. Southern Regional Fire Association of NSW (1994) See Section 4.5

Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995, NSW Government, Sydney.

Whelan, R.J. (1994) ‘Wildlife populations: Impacts of hazard reduction burning’. InBushfires! Looking to the Future, papers from Nature Conservation Council of NSWSeminar, June 1994. Envirobook, Sydney.

Williams, J.E. and Gill, A.M. (1995) Forest Issues 1: The Impact of Fire Regimes onNative Forests in Eastern New South Wales. Environmental Heritage MonographSeries No 2. NPWS, Sydney.

http://www.bom.gov.au Bureau of Meteorology web page, 19 April 2000

Zierholz, C. Hairsine, P.B. and Booker, F.A. (1995) ‘Runoff and soil erosion inbushland following the Sydney bushfires’, Australian Journal of Soil and WaterConservation 8, pp. 28-36.


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Appendix 1: Summary of Vegetation Communities in the Royal Reserves (Keith 1989)

Community Trees Shrubs Ground

Tall dry forest (Garawarra) Angophora costata, Eucalyptus botryoides,E. piperita, Allocasuarina littoralis

Leucopogon lanceolatus, Persoonia linearis Pteridium esculentum, Lomandra longifolia, Calochlaena dubia,Dianella caerulea, Entolasia stricta, Smilax glyciphylla, Glycineclandestina, Hibbertia scandens

Coastal gully forest Acmena smithii, Ficus rubiginosa,Angophora costata, Syncarpia glomulifera

Pultenaea flexilis, Notelaea longifolia, Livistona australis,Synoum glandulosum

Cissus hypoglauca, Lomandra longifolia, Davallia pyxidata,Pyrrosia rupestris, Billardiera scandens, Cassytha pubescens,Dianella caerulea, Asplenium flabellifolium, Calochlaena dubia,Eustrephus latifolia, Plectranthus parvifolia, Pteridium esculentum,

Shale gully forest Syncarpia glomulifera, Eucalyptuspaniculata, E. pilularis

Persoonia linearis, Notelaea longifolia, Rapanea variabilis Lomandra longifolia, Glycine clandestina, Dianella caerulea,Entolasia stricta, Clematis aristata, Hibbertia dentata, Pteridiumesculentum

Littoral forest Banksia integrifolia Leptospermum trinervium, Breynia oblongifolia Lomandra longifolia, Commelina cyanea, Hibbertia scandens,Pteridium esculentum, Viola hederacea, Imperata cylindrica,Oplismenus imbecillis

Wet riparian scrub Tristaniopsis laurina, Acmena smithii,Backhousia myrtifolia

Lomatia myricoides, Acacia floribunda, Pittosporumundulatum

Lomandra longifolia, Pteridium esculentum, Dennstaedtiadavallioides, Oplismenus imbecillis, Adiantum aethiopicum,Hibbertia scandens, Juncus usitatus, Pandorea pandorana

Rainforest A Doryphora sassafras, Ceratopetalumapetalum, Acmena smithii, Cryptocaryaglaucescens, Guioa semiglauca

Livistona australis, Palmeria scandens, Wilkiea huegeliana Gymnostachys anceps, Lastreopsis microsora, Adiantum formosum,Morinda jasminoides

Rainforest B Acmena smithii, Ceratopetalum apetalum,Backhousia myrtifolia, Synoum glandulosum

Livistona australis, Callicoma serratifolia Blechnum cartilagineum, Cissus hypoglauca, Morinda jasminoides,Gymnostachys anceps, Parsonsia straminea, Pyrrosia rupestris,Geitonoplesium cymosum, Lomandra longifolia

Saltmarsh Aegiceras corniculatum Juncus kraussii, Sporobolus virginicus, Samolus repens,Sarcocornia quinqueflora

Fringe forest Casuarina glauca Juncus kraussii, Sporobolus virginicus

Mangroves Aegiceras corniculatum, Avicennia marina

Sandstone gully forest Angophora costata, Corymbia gummifera,Eucalyptus piperita

Banksia serrata, B. ericifolia, Ceratopetalum apetalum,Dillwynia retorta, Gonocarpus teucrioides, Leptospermumtrinervium, Pultenaea daphnoides, Persoonia pinifolia,Grevillea diffusa, Xanthosia pilosa, Epacris longiflora

Pteridium esculentum, Lomandra longifolia, Doryanthes excelsa,Dodonaea triquetra, Smilax glyciphylla, Caustis flexuosa, Entolasiastricta

Dry riparian scrub Tristaniopsis laurina, Ceratopetalum Bauera rubioides, Acacia obtusifolia, Persoonia pinifolia, Lepidosperma laterale, Gleichenia dicarpa


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apetalum, Allocasuarina littoralis,Eucalyptus piperita, Angophora costata

Dodonaea triquetra, Grevillea diffusa, Logania albiflora,Phebalium dentatum, Hakea dactyloides, Lomatia myricoides,Leptospermum polygalifolium

Shale ridge forest Angophora costata, Corymbia gummifera,Eucalyptus resinifera, Allocasuarina littoralis

Pultenaea hispidula, Hakea sericea, Lomatia silaifolia, Banksiaspinulosa, Acacia myrtifolia

Entolasia stricta, Microlaena stipoides, Glycine clandestina,Lepidosperma laterale, Dianella caerulea, Doryanthes excelsa,Brunoniella pumilio, Lomandra longifolia, Xanthosia tridentata

Bulgo forest Allocasuarina littoralis, Eucalyptus sieberi,Corymbia gummifera, Angophora costata

Doryanthes excelsa, Hibbertia aspera, Leptospermumpolygalifolium, Lomatia silaifolia, Gonocarpus teucrioides,Leucopogon lanceolatus, Banksia serrata, Banksia spinulosa,Grevillea oleoides

Entolasia stricta, Lomandra longifolia, Selaginella uliginosa,Dianella caerulea, Lindsaea linearis, Lepidosperma laterale,Pteridium esculentum, Smilax glyciphylla

Sand heath Corymbia gummifera Banksia serrata, Hakea dactyloides, Brachyloma daphnoides,Allocasuarina distyla, Aotus ericoides, Isopogon anemonifolius,Ricinocarpos pinifolius, Grevillea sphacelata, Monotocascoparia, Pimelea linifolia, Platysace linearifolia

Hypolaena fastigata, Lomandra glauca, Lepidosperma concavum,Xanthorrhoea media, Schoenus ericetorum

Sandstone woodland Corymbia gummifera, Eucalyptushaematoma

Banksia serrata, Leptospermum trinervium, Banksia ericifolia,Lambertia formosa, Platysace linearifolia, Dillwynia retorta,Isopogon anemonifolius, Persoonia pinifolia, Petrophilepulchella, Acacia suaveolens, Hakea teretifolia, Pultenaeaelliptica

Xanthorrhoea media, Lepidosperma laterale, Entolasia stricta

Sandstone heath Corymbia gummifera Banksia ericifolia, Hakea teretifolia, Angophora hispida,Kunzea capitata, Leptospermum arachnoides, Leucopogonmicrophyllus, Banksia serrata, Grevillea oleoides,Leptospermum trinervium, Allocasuarina distyla, Epacrismicrophylla, Banksia marginata, Darwinia fascicularis,Actinotus minor, Pultenaea elliptica, Banksia oblongifolia,Conospermum taxifolium

Xanthorrhoea media, Restio dimorpha, Cyathochaeta diandra

Ironstone woodland Corymbia gummifera Hakea dactyloides, Isopogon anemonifolius, Banksia serrata,Banksia oblongifolia, Lambertia formosa, Leptospermumtrinervium, Lissanthe strigosa, Petrophile pulchella, Dampierastricta, Pultenaea elliptica, Acacia myrtifolia, Grevilleasphacelata, Lomatia silaifolia, Platysace linearifolia

Cyathochaeta diandra, Ptilothrix deusta, Patersonia sericea,Lindsaea linearis

Upland swamp Banksia robur, Hakea teretifolia, Sprengelia incarnata, Banksiaericifolia, Viminaria juncea, Dillwynia floribunda,Leptospermum juniperinum, Banksia oblongifolia

Gleichenia dicarpa, Xanthorrhoea resinifera, Empodisma minus,Gahnia sieberiana, Leptocarpus tenax, Lepyrodia scariosa,Entolasia stricta

Freshwater lagoon Leptospermum juniperinum, Melaleuca ericifolia Baumea juncea, Blechnum indicum, Entolasia stricta, Baumeaarticulata, Baumea teretifolia, Gahnia sieberiana, Gonocarpusmicranthus, Isachne globosa, Phragmites australis, Schoenusbrevifolius

Headland heath = coastal Gonocarpus teucrioides, Melaleuca armillaris, Rulingia Entolasia stricta, Lomandra longifolia, Lepidosperma laterale


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scrub hermmaniifolia, Allocasuarina distyla, Banksia ericifolia,Darwinia fascicularis, Epacris longiflora, Lasiopetalumferrugineum, Phebalium squamulosum ssp argenteum

Rock pavement heath Darwinia fascicularis, Hibbertia serpyllifolia, Kunzea ambigua,Mitrasacme polymorpha, Platysace stephensonii,Leptospermum squarrosum, Allocasuarina distyla, Leucopogonmicrophylla, Zieria laevigatum, Acacia suaveolens, Actinotusminor, Angophora hispida, Pimelea linifolia, Xanthosiatridentata

Lepidosperma viscidum, Lepyrodia scariosa, Entolasia stricta,Hypolaena fastigata

Sand dune forest Corymbia gummifera, Angophora costata Banksia serrata, Ricinocarpos pinifolius, Pimelea linifolia Pteridium esculentum, Lomandra longifolia

Menai shale forest Syncarpia glomulifera, Acaciaparramattensis, Eucalyptus punctataPittosporum undulatum

Notelaea longifolia, Polyscias sambucifolia, Leucopogonjuniperinus, Ozothamnus diosmifolius, Breynia oblongifolia

Pratia purpurascens, Entolasia marginata, Gonocarpus tetragynus,Lomandra longifolia, Panicum simile, Aristida vagans, Dianellacaerulea, Echinopogon caespitosus, Lepidosperma laterale

Tall dry forest (LowerHacking)

Eucalyptus paniculata, Syncarpiaglomulifera, Angophora costata

Bursaria spinulosa, Dodonaea triquetra, Rapanea variabilis Dianella longifolia, Stylidium laricifolium, Dichelachne crinita,Lomandra longifolia, Danthonia longifolia


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Appendix 2: Summary of ActionsThe management area profiles are contained in Volume 2. They outline detailed information including firehistory, rare and threatened species present, vegetation communities present, fire managementobjectives, strategies and performance indicators. This appendix summarises the strategies that areoutlined in detail in the management area profiles.

ASSET PROTECTION ZONESReserve Management Area Area

(hectares)Location

Royal NP Garawarra Ridge 6.49 Garawarra Farm, assorted buildings, radiorepeater

Royal NP Curra Moors 6.19 Youth Hostel at Middle RillRoyal NP Garie 1.87 Cabins at Little Garie, South Era, and Burning

Palms. Surf Life Saving Club, kiosk and NPWSGarie residence.

Royal NP Lady Carrington 0.06 Audley buildingsRoyal NP Karloo 3.51 East HeathcoteRoyal NP Engadine 0.25 East Heathcote (near John Paul Village)Royal NP Loftus 0.13 Allambie Flat, Regional Manager’s residence,

NPWS nursery.Royal NP Temptation 7.07 NPWS workshop, railway station, Loftus Oval,

tram shed, Gardeners CottageRoyal NP Grays Point 0.62 Grays Point school and residential areaRoyal NP Reids Flat 1.44 NPWS residences (Reids Flat and Regional

Operations Manager), Royal NP office, VisitorCentre, old Post Office, NPWS flats and FieldStudy Centre

Royal NP The Meadows 1.32 Rangers residence opposite the DancehallRoyal NP Warrumbul 3.82 Anglican Youth Camps, NPWS residences

(Weemalah, Warrumbul and Hilltop)Royal NP Cabbage Tree 0.62 Bonnie ValeRoyal NP Bundeena 1.13 Adjacent to Bundeena Caravan ParkRoyal NP Jibbon 3.89 Eastern side of BundeenaRoyal NP Wattamolla 1.75 Picnic area, toilets, kiosk at Wattamolla.Royal NP Gummumboola 0.32 Currawong/Wattle Forest toilets and picnic area.

Waterfall SchoolRoyal NP Forest Ridge 3.75 East HeathcoteRoyal NP Yarrawarrah 0.26 Rural Fire Service fire control and Heathcote

OvalRoyal NP Uloola 0.48 Waterfall Rural Fire Service station, Waterfall

School and State Rail Authority houses.Heathcote NP Woronora Range 1.00 DCA TowerHeathcote NP Coutts Creek 0.69 Scout campHeathcote NP Waterfall 3.19 Waterfall townshipGarawarra SRA Garawarra 4.47 Laurina Avenue, Helensburgh

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT ZONESReserve Management Area Area

(hectares)Specific Location


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Royal NP Lady Carrington 2.94 West of Sir Bertram Stevens Dr and fromArtillery Hill to Wises Track gate

Royal NP Loftus 22.06 • Between southern side of Farnell Ave andpower line trail (behind Regional Manager’sresidence)

• Between southern side of Princes Hwy andnorthern side of Loftus Hts fire trail toFarnell Avenue.

Royal NP Temptation 114.87 Eastern side of Rawson Rd, between the TramMuseum and Royal NP office, along FlorencePde and Temptation Ck fire trail then via the oldtrail system to the Tram Museum.

Royal NP Grays Point 1.19 30-metre strip burn from Greenhaven Place toAnana Hill.

Royal NP Reids Flat 1.06 30-metre deep strip burn adjacent to residentialarea at Grays Point to the Hacking River.

Royal NP The Meadows 10.44 30-metre deep strip burn along Sir BertramStevens Dr (from Artillery Hill to Wises Tracknorth entrance)

Royal NP Warrumbul 1.23 Gundamain Point Royal NP Cabbage Tree 50.39 • West of Maianbar

• East/south of Maianbar• West of Bundeena

Royal NP Bundeena 149.26 Big Marley fire trail to above swamps. Royal NP South West Creek 33.39 30-metre deep strip burn along Sir Bertram

Stevens Dr (from Artillery Hill to Wises Tracknorth entrance)

Royal NP Uloola 37.13 Uloola Hts Heathcote NP Woronora Dam 55.69 Pipeline Road west Heathcote NP Girronba Ridge 44.66 Pipeline Road west Heathcote NP Scoutters Mtn 128.94 Scoutters Mtn and Tamaroo Ridge and west

facing slopes Heathcote NP Watchorn Hill 0.62 Scoutters Mtn and Tamaroo Ridge and west

facing slopes Heathcote NP Woronora Range 10.89 Eastern side of Woronora Dam Rd (30 metres

deep) Heathcote NP Heathcote* 29.32 Heathcote west Heathcote NP Westmacott Ridge 12.49 Eastern side of Woronora Dam Rd (30 metres

deep) Heathcote NP Waterfall 33.00 East of Warrabin St between houses and Lake

Toolooma trail Garawarra SRA Wilsons Creek 27.78 Area bound by Wilson’s Ck fire trail.

*land is currently vested in the Minister. When the land is handed over to NPWS, the strategy will beimplemented.

HERITAGE MANAGEMENT ZONES Reserve Management Area Area (hectares) Royal National Park Garawarra Ridge 918.51 Curra Moors 134.2 Garie 601.48 Forest Island 120.75


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Lady Carrington 1649.07 Karloo 120.83 Engadine 42.13 Loftus 345.38 Temptation 94.94 Grays Point 178.61 Reids Flat 62.75 The Meadows 614.50 Warrumbul 363.47 Costens 535.38 Cabbage Tree 531.28 Bundeena 123.37 Jibbon 352.68 Marley 1111.5 Wattamolla 938.64 South West Creek 658.70 Wises 470.13 Gurrumboola 1283.50 Forest Ridge 566.5 Yarrawarrah 900.99 Uloola 632.12 Heathcote National Park Woronora Dam 96.62 Girronba Ridge 49.96 Scoutters Mountain 134.39 Watchorn Hill 183.56 Woronora Range 774.23 Sebastapol Trig* 569.81 Heathcote* 201.87 Westmacott Ridge 408.44 Coutts Creek 98.97 Waterfall 55.19 Garawarra StateRecreation Area

Cawley Road 72.56

Cawley Road 1 119.94 Garawarra 98.33 Wilsons Creek 59.28 Lilyvale 160.0 Cawleys Creek 720.75


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Appendix 3: Fire Trail Register Royal National Park

NAME MANAGEMENT AREA ACCESS LENGTH

Anana Hill fire trail Grays Point Big Marley fire trail Bundeena; Jibbon and Marley 4WD/dry 4 Bola Heights fire trails Garawarra Ridge 4WD/dry 4.5

Bottle Forest fire trail Karloo; Forest Ridge all/dry 4.5

Bridle Track Loftus Bundeena Drive all 9.5

Chaldacott Road Warrumbul Coast walking track Bundeena; Jibbon; Wattamolla Courang walking track Gurrumboola Costens fire trail Mt Bass; Costens Curramoors fire trail Curra Moors 4WD/dry 5 Deer Pool walking track Marley Engadine Lakes fire trail Engadine Dry/4WD 2.5

Engadine Loop fire trail Forest Ridge Farnell Ave Loftus; Temptation All 3.5

Florence Pde fire trail Temptation; Grays Point Dry 2 Forest Island historic logging trail Forest Island Garrawarra Ridge fire trail Garie; Garawarra Ridge All 4.5

Garie Road Garie; Wattamolla All 2.5

Gundamaian Road The Meadows; Warrumbul all 2.5*

Goarra Ridge fire trail Forest Ridge; Goarra Ridge 4WD 3 Illawarra railway trail 4WD 11

Jibbon Point fire trail Jibbon; Marley Lt 4WD 2.5

Jibbon Hill Trig walking track Bundeena walk 1 Karani fire trail Lady Carrington Karloo walking track Uloola; Yarrawarrah Lady Carrington Dr Lady Carrington Dry/All 9.6

Lady Wakehurst Dr All 13

Little Marley fire trail Marley 4WD/dry 5.5

Loftus Ridge trail Loftus Loftus Heights fire trail Loftus Maianbaar Road all 4 Mount Bass fire trail South West Ck; Costens 4WD/dry 3 McKell Ave All 5 Parkland fire trail All 0.5

Rathane Road Warumbul Rawson Road Temptation Red Jacks Point fire trail Mt Bass; Costens walk 1 Savilles Creek fire trail Grays Point Shrapnell Hill fire trail Wattamolla Sir Bertram Stevens Dr Lady Carrington All 20

Temptation Creek fire trail Temptation; Grays Point 4WD/dry 4*

The Meadows fire trail The Meadows dry 1.5

Uloola Falls fire trail Gurrumboola; Uloola 4WD 5.5


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Uloola walking track Uloola Wallumarra fire trail Lady Carrington Warumbul Road The Meadows all 5 Wattamomlla Road Wattamolla All 4 Wises Track Lady Carrington; Wises lt 4WD/dry 5 Winifred Falls walking track South West Ck Lt4/dry 1.5

Winifred Falls fire trail Winifred Falls Yenabilli Pt fire trail Cabbage Tree; Mt Bass

Heathcote National Park NAME MANAGEMENT AREA ACCESS LENGT

H Abaroo Creek fire trail Sebastapol Trig Lt4/dry 3 Burns Road fire trail Heathcote Bottle Ck fire trail Heathcote Camp Coutts access Coutts Creek all 1 Lake Eckersley walking track walk 0.3 Lake Toolooma fire trail Waterfall Lt4WD 1 Mirang Road 4WD 2.5 Pipeline Rd Woronora Dam; Girronba Ridge;

Watchorn Hill all 11*

Sarahs Knob Road Woronora Dam Scouters Mountain fire trail Scoutters Mtn; Watchorn Hill dry/4WD 4 Sebastapol Trig fire trail Sebastapol Trig Woronora Dam Rd Woronora Dam; Woronora

Range; Westmacott Ridge all 7

108 Electricity fire trail Westmacott Ridge 4WD 4


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Garawarra State Recreation Area NAME MANAGEMENT AREA ACCESS LENGT

H Cawley Ridge fire trail Cawley Rd 1 4WD 4

Cawley Road Cawley Rd; Cawley Rd 1 All 2.5*

Flat Rock Creek fire trail Helensburgh West 4WD 1

Garvan Road fire trail 4WD 1

Helensburgh Dam 4WD 1

Shrapnel Hill fire trail 4WD 3

The Ridge Road Garawarra 4WD 1

The Burgh Track (HackingRiver fire trail)

Lilyvale Lt4/Dry 3

The Ridge fire trail 4WD 2

Wilson’s Creek Dam fire trail Garawarra; Wilson’s Ck

Key: Access type All - all vehicle types Dry - all vehicles, dry weather 4WD - four wheel drive only Lt 4 - light four wheel drive only Walk - walk in only PA - private access NL - access via major fire trail (no gate on actual trail) Hvy eroded - trail undriveable UNSAFE


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Appendix 4: Constructed Helipads

Asset Asset_type Easting Northing Loftus Fire spotting tower 319398 6228698 Garie Fire spotting tower 320910 6219230 Heathcote Fire spotting tower 311020 6222849 Waratah Oval (Loftus) Cleared bush helicopter pad 320500 6231400 Loftus Oval Cleared bush helicopter pad 320000 6230100 Royal National Park Workshop Cleared bush helicopter pad 320200 6229300 Royal National Park Office Cleared bush helicopter pad 320600 6228800 Grays Point Oval Cleared bush helicopter pad 322000 6229600 Loftus TS Cleared bush helicopter pad 319400 6228600 Artillary Hill tip Cleared bush helicopter pad 321100 6227100 Warumbul church camps (north) Cleared bush helicopter pad 324800 6228700 Warumbul church camps (south)/Gogerlys Po Cleared bush helicopter pad 325000 6228000 Warumbul Picnic Area Cleared bush helicopter pad 324800 6227500 Sir Betram Stevens Drive (near Warumbul Cleared bush helicopter pad 321500 6226100 Chinamans helipad Cleared bush helicopter pad 320700 6224400 Wises Track (north) Cleared bush helicopter pad 321100 6222600 Karloo Pool Cleared bush helicopter pad 318100 6225700 Heathcote Fire Control Cleared bush helicopter pad 316200 6226100 Heathcote oval Cleared bush helicopter pad 316000 6225700 Uloola Falls Cleared bush helicopter pad 319000 6223600 Uloola Falls Callaghans Tor Cleared bush helicopter pad 316700 6221100 Uloola Falls fire trail (north) Cleared bush helicopter pad 317800 6221100 Uloola Falls fire trail (south of swamp) Cleared bush helicopter pad 317100 6221500 Waterfall oval Cleared bush helicopter pad 315300 6220600 Flat Rock crossing Cleared bush helicopter pad 321700 6223200 Karani Ridge fire trail Cleared bush helicopter pad 319500 6221100 Wallamurra track Cleared bush helicopter pad 319300 6219200 Upper Causeway (Hacking River) Cleared bush helicopter pad 318100 6218900 Garie trig station Cleared bush helicopter pad 320900 6219200 Curra Moors fire trail Cleared bush helicopter pad 321200 6219500 Sir Bertram Stevens Drive (south of Wises Cleared bush helicopter pad 321400 6220000 Sitr Bertram Stevens Drive/Wattamolla r Cleared bush helicopter pad 322900 6221200 Mount Bass fire trail Cleared bush helicopter pad 322900 6225400 Bundeena Drive/Little Marley fire trail Cleared bush helicopter pad 323400 6223600 Bundeena Drive/Maianbar Road turn off Cleared bush helicopter pad 324500 6224600 Maianbar Road Cleared bush helicopter pad 325600 6222600 Maianbar (Deeban Spit) Cleared bush helicopter pad 327500 6227500 Bonnievale camping area/sand pit Cleared bush helicopter pad 327900 6226800 Bonnievale picnic area Cleared bush helicopter pad 328400 6226800 Bundeena oval Cleared bush helicopter pad 328900 6226600 Jibbon Point (shell grit beach) Cleared bush helicopter pad 331000 6227200 Bundeena (old sani depot) Cleared bush helicopter pad 329700 6225800 Marley carpark on Bundeena Drive Cleared bush helicopter pad 326100 6224600 Marley Beach Cleared bush helicopter pad 328600 6223200 Little Marley fire trail Cleared bush helicopter pad 327700 6223200 Wattamolla Road Cleared bush helicopter pad 325100 6220700 Wattamolla picnic area Cleared bush helicopter pad 326200 6220600


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Curracurrong (Eagle Rock) Cleared bush helicopter pad 324500 6219000 Garie Beach (north head) Cleared bush helicopter pad 322400 6217400 Garie Beach Cleared bush helicopter pad 321700 6217100 Garie Beach Road heli pad Cleared bush helicopter pad 321400 6216900 Little Garie Beach Cleared bush helicopter pad 321300 6216500 Sir Bertram Stevens Drive/Garie Beach Road Cleared bush helicopter pad 320200 6217000 North Era Beach Cleared bush helicopter pad 320800 6216200 South Era Beach Cleared bush helicopter pad 320400 6215900 Garawarra Farm Cleared bush helicopter pad 319200 6215900 Burgh Ridge track (to Era/Burning Palms Cleared bush helicopter pad 320000 6215600 Burning Palms Cleared bush helicopter pad 319600 6215200 Palm Jungle/Figure Eigh Pool Cleared bush helicopter pad 319100 6214400 Werrong Beach Cleared bush helicopter pad 317500 6213300 Red Cedar picnic area Cleared bush helicopter pad 317300 6215300 Karingal picnic area Cleared bush helicopter pad 316600 6215000 Otford Lookout/Otford Gap Cleared bush helicopter pad 316700 6212400 Bulgo Beach Cleared bush helicopter pad 316800 6211900 Lawrence Hargrave Lookout Cleared bush helicopter pad 315500 6211100 Forum Drive Cleared bush helicopter pad 315600 6227400 Boundary Road and Slessor Place Cleared bush helicopter pad 315300 6225600 Gurra Causeway Cleared bush helicopter pad 310600 6224000 Woronora Trig Station/Sarahs Knob Cleared bush helicopter pad 311000 6222800 Woronora Dam Cleared bush helicopter pad 309400 6223200 Sebastopol Trig Station north Cleared bush helicopter pad 314300 6222800 Sebastopol Trig Station south Cleared bush helicopter pad 314600 6222600 Kingfisher Pool Cleared bush helicopter pad 313300 6221600 Waterfall between hwy and freeway Cleared bush helicopter pad 314900 6220100 Woronora Dam Road tip (Sydney Water land) Cleared bush helicopter pad 311200 6222000 Helensburgh Oval Cleared bush helicopter pad 313700 6214900 Cawley fire trail Cleared bush helicopter pad 314900 6218700 Toll gates Cleared bush helicopter pad 314700 6219300 New Illawarra Road and Heathcote Roadjunction

Cleared bush helicopter pad 312600 6229800

Giles Junction Cleared bush helicopter pad 308500 6225400 ANSTO Cleared bush helicopter pad 313800 6230300 Blaxland Oval Cleared bush helicopter pad 317300 6235800 Lucas Heights School (off Thomas MitchellDrive

Cleared bush helicopter pad 315800 6231800

Anzac Oval (off Anzac Ave) Cleared bush helicopter pad 315900 6229500 Fern Tree Oval (off Fern Tree Road) Cleared bush helicopter pad 315400 6229100 Sydney South sub station Cleared bush helicopter pad 316200 6238600 Engadine Lakes Dam/waterhole-helicopter acc 316600 6227300 Karloo Pool Dam/waterhole-helicopter acc 318100 6225700 Heathcote Road bridge Dam/waterhole-helicopter acc 314900 6228900 Lake Eckersley Dam/waterhole-helicopter acc 313200 6225100 Battery Causeway Dam/waterhole-helicopter acc 313500 6225200 Gurra Causeway Dam/waterhole-helicopter acc 310600 6224000 Friar Bird Pool Dam/waterhole-helicopter acc 311700 6224000 Adina Pool Dam/waterhole-helicopter acc 311200 6224000 Woronora Dam Dam/waterhole-helicopter acc 309400 6223200 Kingfisher Pool Dam/waterhole-helicopter acc 313400 6221600


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Lake Toolooma Dam/waterhole-helicopter acc 314350 6220600 Wilsons Creek Dam Dam/waterhole-helicopter acc 313700 6215700 Giles Junction Dam/waterhole-helicopter acc 308500 6225400 Engadine Lagoon (Needles) Dam/waterhole-helicopter acc 315400 6231200


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Appendix 5: Refuge Areas Refuge areas in the event of a wildfire can be found at:• Loftus Oval• East Heathcote Radiation Zone• Audley Picnic Grounds• Upper Causeway Picnic grounds on Lady Wakehurst Drive (near the McKell Ave. bridge)• Garawarra Farm• Garie Beach• Corner of Wattamolla Rd. and Sir Bertram Stevens Drive• Wattamolla Picnic Grounds• Wattamolla Beach• Marley Beach• Warumbul Picnic Grounds• Maianbar Spit (Deeban Spit)• Bundeena Beach For a more comprehensive assessment of emergency evacuation locations and procedures, see theSutherland Shire and Wollongong City Emergency DISPLANs.


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Appendix 6: Fire Zone Specifications Zone Sub Zone (if

applicable) Suppression Objective Prevention and Mitigation

Objectives Strategies (Methods) Width Comments

Asset protection At present nosub-zones

• To protectresidential areas,crops, plantations,utilities, campingareas, day use areas,urban interface,cultural heritageassets etc

• To instigate, whereappropriate communityeducation andcommunity fireguardprograms

• Fuel managed by slashing,selective shrub clearing,construction of radiationbarriers, trail construction orburning

Use Planning forBush FireProtection(Department ofBush Fire Services1991) as a guide.

• Should operate inconjunction with CommunityFireguard.

Strategic firemanagement

Strategic wildfirecontrol

• To assist in thestrategic control andcontainment ofwildfires

• To reduce wildfireintensity andspotting intensity

• Promotion of theNPWS’s fire managementand fuel managementactivities

• Burning• Suppress or contain fires

inconsistent with the fireprescription

• Fuel managed by slashing,selective shrub clearing,construction of radiationbarriers, trail construction

100 to 3000 metres

Heritage area firemanagement(landmanagement)

Special areamanagement

• To preventpermanent damage ordestruction of naturalor heritage items,areas or values by aninappropriate fireregime

• Promotion ofawareness of the specialvalues requiringprotection in these areas



Appropriate forthe protection ofthe heritage item

• Management of theheritage item may be subjectto a plan of management,conservation plan or speciesrecovery plan

• The zone may bedelineated where thesurrounding area requires adifferent fire regime

Heritage areamanagement

• To apply fireprescriptionsconsistent with broadarea biodiversityobjectives or relevant

• Promotion ofawareness of the specialvalues requiringprotection in these areas



Variable


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status Fire exclusion At present no

sub-zones• To rapidly suppress

all fires that occurwithin this zone forthe duration of thezones existence

• Promotion ofawareness of the valuesthreatened by anypotential fire that willoccur within the lifetimeof the zones existence

• Rapid suppression of allfires

variable


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Appendix 7: Access Management Local Procedures for NSW RuralFire Service Entry onto NPWS Sydney South Region Objective To formalise a cooperative and coordinated policy for access to lands managed by the NPWS SydneySouth Region, including areas designated as catchment area under the control of Sydney CatchmentAuthority, by members of the NSW Rural Fire Service with the areas nominated here under: Campbelltown Rural Fire District Sutherland Rural Fire District Wingecarribee Rural Fire District Wollondilly Rural Fire District Wollongong Rural Fire District Preamble The NSW Rural Fire Service has responsibilities under the Rural Fires Act 1997 for controlling orsuppressing fires, protecting persons and property against the incidence of wildfire activity within ruralfire districts. NSW Rural Fire Service volunteers form a large proportion of the firefighting suppressionresources within NSW and therefore would play an integral role in inter-agency support. NPWS is the authority for managing all lands dedicated under the National Parks and Wildlife Act1974. Management of these lands includes fire suppression, mitigation and planning. Reserves will bemanaged primarily according to plans of management and fire management plans. NPWS is obliged tomanage lands in accordance with a number of acts, including the National Parks and Wildlife Act, theWilderness Act, the Sydney Catchment Authority Corporation Act, and the Rural Fires Act. NPWS acknowledges the valuable assistance provided by the Rural Fire Service and its voluntarymembers for the detection and extinguishment of fires on NPWS estate.

Keys may be issued to facilitate the first response capacity of the Rural Fire Service to fires in NPWSestate. All firefighting activities are in accordance with the coordinated policies outlined in the bush firemanagement committee’s operations plan. 1. Access Policy for Reserves Other Than Those Designated as Catchment or Wilderness Reserves may include national parks, nature reserves and state recreation areas. Keys will be issued to all units in each neighbouring brigade to facilitate access for emergency events.Access may be for a variety of purposes, key conditions will apply.

Conditions for key holders The nominated key holder will be responsible for key security and use, and to ensure the compliancewith the key conditions. Keys will be issued to the fire control officer who will maintain a register ofkeys issued to brigade and other staff. All vehicle access into the reserve will be with the prior agreement of the NPWS Sydney South Regionexcept in the case of an emergency incident response. Access arrangements will be approved by the appropriate area manager or the region duty officer. All


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emergency access is to be reported to the duty officer as soon as possible. All emergency activities willbe in accordance with the coordinated policies outlined in the bush fire management committee’soperations plan. Legitimate purposes and their permission requirements Purpose Permission 1. Response to report of a fire No prior permission is necessary. The Rural

Fire Service is to advise NPWS as soon aspossible.

2. Patrol of high-risk areas on days of veryhigh fire danger.

Permission will be sought on the dayconcerned before entry to NPWS lands.

3. Operations in support of other agencies(police, SES etc)

It is expected that the primary agency willseek permission or provide notification toNPWS.

4. Orientation of new personnel Prior permission from NPWS will beobtained.

5. Hazard reduction planning. All hazard reduction planning will beundertaken in conjunction with NPWSofficers.

6. Checking dwellings located in in-holdingswithin NPWS areas eg mines, rifle ranges

If the response is in relation to a fire, no priorpermission is required. If the patrol isroutine prior permission is required.

7. Checking trail conditions. Prior permission from NPWS is to beobtained.

8. Training Prior permission from NPWS is to beobtained.

Note: these conditions do not apply for access to wilderness or catchment areas. A brigade officer should contact the fire control officer in sufficient time to allow the fire control officerto seek permission 48 hours prior to the proposed entry. The fire control officer will act as the first filter,being the arbiter of the suitability of the request. The fire control officer will then contact the officernominated by NPWS. Legitimate reasons for non-allowance of entry may include: - recent or current weather too damp, tracks too wet - trail or other construction works in progress - other activities in progress (such as organised recreation groups). 2. For Reserves Designated as Wilderness The Wilderness Act has specific objectives. Under the Wilderness Act, declared wilderness areas areto be managed in such a way as to protect their unmodified state, to preserve the capacity of the area toevolve in the absence of significant human interference and to permit opportunities for solitude andappropriate self-reliant recreation. This necessitates the exclusion of fire vehicles for all purposes exceptfor the response to a fire.


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There is a higher level of control on vehicle access to these areas. Keys will only be issued to firecontrol staff and neighbouring brigade captains where life and property is immediately at risk. The Rural Fire Service must notify the NPWS area or region duty officer immediately on notification offire in wilderness areas. 3. For Reserves Designated as Catchment The Water Board Act 1987 binds the Sydney Catchment Authority and NPWS to protect theenvironment in the catchment and the associated water quality. Relevant incident management personnel may be permitted a key for incident response and managementpurposes only. This may include fire control officers, their deputies and Rural Fire Service brigadecaptains. Catchments are divided into two special areas - schedules 1 and 2. Schedule 1 areas are considered tobe sensitive and access is therefore restricted to incident response and to chaperoned non-incidentaccess. Access to schedule 2 areas is less restrictive. The conditions of access are outlined below.

Access Schedule 1 areas Schedule 2 areas Annual familiarisation Sydney Catchment

Authority/NPWS willidentify the personnel to beinvolved in familiarisationactivities in consultation withthe local bush firemanagement committee.

Written request is requiredno less than 28 days beforethe scheduled date.

Exercises Incident managementexercises will not bepermitted in Schedule 1areas

Written request is requiredno less than 28 days beforethe scheduled date.

Incident Sydney CatchmentAuthority/NPWS must benotified in the event ofemergency services enteringSpecial Areas.

Sydney CatchmentAuthority/NPWS must benotified in the event ofemergency services enteringSpecial areas.

All requests for exercises should ensure that:• there is no adverse impact on water quality;• any potential environmental impacts is identified and actions outlined for their mitigation;• areas of significant heritage value are avoided, including rare and threatened plant sites, endangered

species habitats, designated swamps and rainforest ecosystems, historic sites and Aboriginal sites;and

• appropriate ablution facilities are provided. Any approval granted will include appropriate conditions to ensure protection of water quality and anyheritage values.


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Abuse of the key conditions The misuse of keys will result in the immediate removal of the key from the key holder. The matter willbe referred to the Rural Fire Service for further investigation and disciplinary action. Any action thatcontravenes the National Parks and Wildlife Act outside of active firefighting duties may be pursuedthough the issue of notices or penalties. For the reserves in the Sydney South Region Reserve Type of reserve Special Designation Royal national park Garawarra state recreation area Heathcote national park Georges River national park Botany Bay national park Towra Point nature reserve Burragorang state recreation area Schedule 1 and 2 areas Nattai national park wilderness and catchment

(Schedule 1 and 2 areas) Nattai state recreation area some Schedule 2 Thirlmere Lakes national park Bargo state recreation area Dharawal state recreation area and

nature reserve catchment - Schedule 2 area

IllawarraEscarpment

state recreation area

Annual Review of Workability of Key Conditions The appropriate fire control officer and NPWS staff will seek resolution to any problems that occur withconditions associated with key issues as required annually on bush fire management committee’s and tomonitor and improve the workability of future key policy arrangements.


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Appendix 8: Use of Heavy Machinery This appendix provides guidelines for the use of heavy earthmoving plant, and chemical retardant in theinitial attack of fires within lands managed by the Sydney South Region of the NPWS. Conditions of Use - Heavy Plant• Heavy plant can be used without the direct supervision of NPWS if NPWS is immediately informed

of both the fire and the operation of the plant. • Initial attack using heavy plant ceases when either the NPWS provides a plant operator or on-site

supervision of the use of heavy plant or its handed that responsibility over to the designated incidentcontroller. Heavy plant use must then continue to be strictly managed according to authorisedactivities described below.

• Plant used must have a roll-over protection system, falling object protection system, full

comprehensive insurance, public liability insurance (minimum $10 million), seat belts, fire linecommunications radio installed or supplied to, working lights, a suitably licensed and trained operatorand be roadworthy. A fire tanker (minimum Category 7) should be available for immediate support.

• A D6 or smaller bulldozer should be used. A larger machine may be used with prior approval from

NPWS. Preference should be given to rubber tyred/tracked plant as opposed to metaltracscavators.

• All works should be carried out in such a manner as to minimise environmental damage and assist in

future rehabilitation of the initial fire suppression works. • These written instructions must be read by, or to, the plant operator carrying out these works.

Authorised Activities - Heavy Plant

The only activities for which heavy plant can be used in initial attack are: • clearing a route for the safe access and exit of four-wheel-drive firefighting vehicles. The aim of this

strategy is to clear a path for the movement of vehicles to the fireground by knocking out of the waylarge shrubs and small saplings without creating a bare earth trail. The machine should be driven withthe blade raised above the ground and driven on a path of least resistance, avoiding Aboriginal sites,large trees, rocks, etc. where ever possible. The width of the path should be no greater than fivemetres.

• preparation for a backburn line. The aim of this strategy is to produce a bare earth line from which to

conduct a backburn. The machine should be driven with the blade just touching the earth and shouldbe manoeuvred so as to only skim the soil surface (as much topsoil as possible should beundisturbed). All refuse must be left on the opposite side to which the backburn (or running fire exists- see 3 below) is to be carried out. The width of the path should be no greater than five metres.

• parallel attack of a fire. The aim of this exercise is to round up a fire using a bare earth trail around


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the flank or front of a going fire. It should only be carried out if fire conditions and supportingresources allow safe progress of the machine. The machine should be driven so that the blade ismanaged the same way as in point 2 above.

• fireground safety. All activities associated with the use of heavy plant should be carried out with

operator safety maintained at all times.

The use of fire suppression chemicals (including surfacants and retardants) will be restricted inenvironmentally sensitive areas. These areas are identified in operational guidelines and in the individualmanagement area profiles in Volume 2.


43 Bridge StreetHurstville NSWAustralia 2220

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Volume 2:Management Area Profiles



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Volume 2:Management Area Profiles



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Contents1. Management area profiles................................................................................................3

Asset protection zones........................................................................................................... 4Strategic management zones .................................................................................................. 5Heritage management zones .................................................................................................. 6

2. Management area profiles for Royal National Park.......................................................8Bundeena management area ................................................................................................ 10Cabbage Tree management area.......................................................................................... 14Costens management area ................................................................................................... 19Curra Moors management area............................................................................................ 22Engadine management area ................................................................................................. 26Forest Island management area............................................................................................ 29Forest Ridge management area ............................................................................................ 32Garie management area....................................................................................................... 36Garawarra Ridge management area ..................................................................................... 38Grays Point management area.............................................................................................. 44Gurrumboola management area............................................................................................ 50Jibbon management area...................................................................................................... 53Karloo management area..................................................................................................... 57Lady Carrington management area....................................................................................... 61Loftus management area ..................................................................................................... 65Marley management area .................................................................................................... 70Reid’s Flat management area............................................................................................... 73South West Creek management area.................................................................................... 77Temptation management area .............................................................................................. 81The Meadows management area ......................................................................................... 85Uloola management area .................................................................................................... 89Warumbul management area ............................................................................................... 93Wattamolla management area .............................................................................................. 97Wises management area.....................................................................................................101Yarrawarrah management area...........................................................................................104

3. Management area profiles for Heathcote National Park............................................108Coutts Creek management area ..........................................................................................110Girronba Ridge management area........................................................................................113Heathcote management area...............................................................................................116Sebastapol Trig management area .......................................................................................119Scouters Mountain management area ..................................................................................122Watchorn Hill management area .........................................................................................126Waterfall management area ................................................................................................127Westmacott Ridge management area...................................................................................133Woronora Dam management area.......................................................................................134Woronora Range management area.....................................................................................139

4. Management area profiles for Garawarra State Recreation Area.............................143Cawleys Creek management area 1 ....................................................................................145Cawley Road management area..........................................................................................148Cawley Road 1 management area .......................................................................................150Garawarra management area..............................................................................................152Lilyvale management area ..................................................................................................155Wilsons Creek management area ........................................................................................157


3

1. Management Area ProfilesA profile has been developed for each of the zones (asset protection, strategic and heritagemanagement) for each management area. A profile contains information on a management areaincluding its boundaries, assets and infrastructure, fire history, vegetation types (amount in eachreserve, amount in each zone and the biodiversity thresholds for fire), zone objectives and strategies,and some operational information.Fire management regimes for each area are derived by comparing the biodiversity thresholds of eachvegetation type in the area with the known fire history.• Where no fire event has occurred within the suggested threshold for the vegetation type (eg. no

fire for more than 30 years in type A vegetation), biodiversity is likely to be in decline and burningmay be prescribed to preserve biodiversity in that vegetation community. During prescribedburns, care should be taken with any rare or threatened Australian plants species in the reserve(which will take priority over other vegetation) and the total area of each vegetation type in thereserve (ie avoid burning all of one vegetation type at one time).

• Where fire events have occurred more frequently than the suggested threshold, a regime of fireexclusion should be adopted.

• Where fire regimes are currently within the suggested threshold, further wildfires should beextinguished if they will exceed the threshold. They may be allowed to burn if this will not exceedthe threshold or pose any threat to life or property.

Fuel reduction may be needed in the asset protection and strategic fire management zones to meet therequirements given in strategies. This may be achieved by mowing, slashing, removing vegetation byhand or prescribed burning. The method most appropriate to the situation should be used and careshould be taken to preserve the biodiversity whenever possible. This is most significant where most orall of a vegetation type in a reserve occurs within an asset protection zone or strategic firemanagement zone. Minimising potential threats to life or property on or adjacent to the reserves areover-riding considerations.


4

Asset Protection Zones Objectives To protect from bushfires occurring on the reserve, persons and property on, orimmediately adjacent to, the reserve. Strategies to Achieve Objectives• Maintain fuel reduced zone.• Suppress unplanned fires occurring on the reserve.• Maintain records on fire within the zone.• Liaise and cooperate with the Rural Fire Service and Sydney Catchment Authority.• Liaise and cooperate with neighbours.

Actions• Monitor fuel loads on an annual basis.• Maintain fuel loads through a variety of methods (Section 5 in Volume 1).• Use suppression methods that have the least ecological and environmental impact.• Rapidly respond to all wildfire within the zone.• Carry out aerial and ground surveillance after severe thunderstorms and during severe

fire weather.• Collect data on ignition source and location, fire paths, rate and intensity of fire and

weather.• Regularly contact the Rural Fire Service Sutherland control centres and local brigades.• Carry out joint fuel management activities with neighbours, and the Rural Fire Service.• Contact neighbours regularly via letters, newsletters, pamphlets, and face-to-face.

Performance Indicators• Fuel reduced zone is maintained to less than five tonnes/hectare.• There is no increase in ignitions caused by humans over the planning period.• Fires occurring on the reserve are suppressed within appropriate control lines on the

reserve, safely, with minimum environmental damage and cost during the planningperiod.

• There is no death or injury to persons, or destruction of property, caused by on-parkbushfires in the planning period.

• Records are maintained on geographic information system and reported to the localbush fire management committee annually.

• Joint management programs are carried out with Rural Fire Service and neighbours.• Education material is distributed.


5

Strategic Management ZonesObjectives• To provide a strategic line to prevent the movement of fire.• To assist with the achievement of a fire regime which is consistent with reserve management

outcomes.Strategies to Achieve Objectives• Maintain strategic fire management zone.• Suppress fire occurring in the zone.• Maintain records on fire within the zone.• Liaise and cooperate with the Rural Fire Service and Sydney Catchment Authority.• Carry out biodiversity and cultural sites surveys and research. ACTIONS:• Monitor fuel loads on an annual basis.• Maintain fuel loads through a variety of methods (Chapter 5.1) to less than 15t/ha• Use suppression methods that have the least ecological and environmental impact.• Rapidly respond to all wildfire within the zone.• Carry out aerial and ground surveillance after severe thunderstorms and during severe fire

weather.• Collect data on ignition source and location, fire paths, rate and intensity of fire and weather.• Regularly contact the Sutherland Rural Fire Service and local brigades.• Carry out joint fuel management activities with neighbours and the Rural Fire Service.• Contact neighbours regularly via letters, newsletters, pamphlets, and face-to-face. PERFORMANCE INDICATORS:• The strategic fire management zone is maintained at less than 15 tonnes/hectare.• Fires occurring on the reserve are suppressed within appropriate control lines on the reserve,

safely, with minimum environmental damage and cost during the planning period.• The zone aids fire suppression strategies.• There is no death or injury to persons, or destruction of property, caused by on-park bushfires

in the planning period.• There is no significant decline of species’ populations (common or endangered) due to

suppression operations or other fire management works during the planning period.• No damage is caused to known Aboriginal sites, historic places and culturally significant

features as a result of bushfires during the planning period.• Records are maintained on geographic information system and reported to the bush fire

management committee.• Cooperative partnerships are established with the Rural Fire Service.


6

Heritage Management ZonesObjectivesTo manage bushfires to meet the conservation objective for species, populations, habitats,wilderness areas or cultural heritage values which may be at risk of long-term damage as a resultof inappropriate bushfire regime.

Strategies to Achieve Objectives• Carry out research to determine occurrence, distribution and characteristics of species and

cultural sites present.• To suppress unplanned fires occurring on the reserve.• Maintain records on fire history and.• Implement appropriate fire regimes as required.• Adopt adaptive management principles into management.

Actions• Carry out general bio-diversity surveys.• Carry out specific surveys for threatened species.• Document cultural sites.• Carry out opportunistic research on fire effects on specific species and communities.• Develop and implement recovery plans as required.• Use suppression methods that have the least ecological and environmental impact.• Appropriate response to all wildfire within the zone.• Carry out aerial and ground surveillance after severe thunderstorms and during severe fire

weather.• Collect data on ignition source and location, fire paths, rate and intensity of fire and weather.• Carry out ecological burns as required.• Identify research opportunities.• Incorporate research results into management.• Monitor management actions.

Performance Indicators• Fires occurring on the reserve are suppressed within appropriate control lines on the reserve

safely, with minimum environmental damage and cost during the planning period.• There is no significant decline of species’ populations (common or endangered) due to

inappropriate fire regimes, suppression operations or other fire management work, during theplanning period.

• No damage is caused to known Aboriginal sites, historic places and culturally significantfeatures as a result of bushfires during the planning period.

• There is increased knowledge on flora, fauna and threatened species through survey andresearch.

• There is increased knowledge on location of cultural sites.• Recovery plans are implemented where required.• Records are maintained on geographic information system and fire history is reported annually

to the bush fire management committee.• Strong links are maintained with research bodies.


7

Map 14: Management areas


8

2. Management Area Profiles for Royal National Park

Map 12: Management Areas for Royal National Park


9

Bundeena Management Area

Description of management area boundaries North – Bundeena townshipEast – Coast trackSouth – Big Marley fire trail and Jibbon Hill walking trackWest – Bundeena Drive then Short Avenue

Size of management area (hectares) 272.75Zones present Asset protection zone (1.13 hectares)

Strategic management zone (149.26 hectares)Heritage management zone (123.37 hectares)

Assets/inholdings within management area Bundeena township is adjacent to this area.Rare or threatened Australian plants None recorded.Threatened fauna Bush stone-curlew (Burhinus grallarius)Cultural sites Aboriginal sites: axe grinding groove, midden, rock engraving, shelter

with art, shelter with deposit, shelter with midden.Operational information • Spring Gully is dangerous in extreme wildfire conditions

• Keep fires out of the gully and swamp areas.• Land around RSL is not NPWS reserve.• Upper reaches of Spring Gully is not NPWS reserve• Big Marley fire trail is dead end and four-wheel-drive access.

Trails present • Big Marley Trail• Jibbon Hill walking trail• Coastal walking track• Old Bundeena Sanitary Depot track from end Beachcomber Ave

Bushfire behaviour potential (hectares) High Medium Low Negligible

0.63 17.94 61.31 193.88


10

Map 20: Bundeena Fire Management Area and Fire Management Zones


11

Bundeena Asset Protection Zone Location of zone: Slash existing radiation zone around caravan park Purpose: To provide protection for Bundeena

Vegetation Communities VEGETATION COMMUNITY TOTAL

(hectares) INRESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Cleared land - - 0.44 41.12% This area will be slashed

Tall dry forest (Garawarra) 337.7 B 0.44 41.12% Freshwater lagoon 33.19 D 0.13 12.15% Sand dune forest 29.01 B 0.06 5.61%

Bushfire Behaviour Potential % of Zone HIGHER MEDIUM LOWER NEGLIGIBLE

0% 5.31% 16.81% 77.88%

Fire History YEAR Area burnt (hectares) % OF ZONE YEAR Area burnt (hectares) % OF ZONE

1976/77 0.76 67.26% 1988/89 0.76 67.26% 1980/81 0.47 41.59% 1993/94 0.67 59.29%

Prescribed Burn History YEAR Area burnt (hectares) % OF ZONE YEAR Area burnt (hectares) % OF ZONE

1985/86 0.08 6.90%

Bundeena Strategic Management Zone Location of zone: Prescription burn off Big Marley fire trail to above swamps Purpose: To provide protection to Bundeena township



FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 50.94 34.13% Many vegetation communities mayhave experienced biodiversity decline asa result of the fire history. This area isconsidered critical for the protection oflife and property at Bundeena.

Upland swamp 273.66 A 2.31 1.55% Sandstone heath 5585.16 A 62.25 41.71% Cleared land - - 1.75 1.17% Tall dry forest (Garawarra) 337.7 B 23.63 15.83% Fringe forest 7.19 B 0.25 0.17% Freshwater lagoon 33.19 D 7.44 4.98% Sand dune forest 29.01 0.69 0.46%


0.25% 9.67% 31.03% 59.04%


1968/69 80.05 53.63% 1988/89 149.26 100% 1974/75 89.54 59.99% 1991/92 0.15 0.17% 1976/77 149.94 100% 1992/93 0.25 0.10% 1980/81 33.22 22.26% 1993/94 148.05 99.19%


1985/86 4.36 2.92% 1987/88 3.74 2.50%


12

1986/87 2.50 1.67%


13

Bundeena Heritage Management Zone Vegetation Communities

VEGETATION COMMUNITY TOTAL(hectares)

INRESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 3.69 3.01% Fire threshold has beenexceeded.

Upland swamp 273.66 A 0.63 0.51%

Sandstone heath 5585.16 A 16.31 13.32%

Cleared land - - 93.5 76.37%

Tall dry forest (Garawarra) 337.7 B 2.18 1.78%

Sand heath 21b 151.82 A 0.81 0.66%

Fringe forest 7.19 2.44 1.99%

Freshwater lagoon 33.19 D 0.87 0.71% Biodiversity may decline if afire occurs.

Sand dune forest 29.01 B 2 1.63%


0.20% 2.79% 12.00% 85.00%

Fire History YEAR Area burnt

(hectares) % OF ZONE YEAR Area burnt

(hectares) % OF ZONE

1968/69 0.90 0.73% 1981/82 0.19 0.15% 1972/73 30.45 1.94% 1988/89 32.76 26.55% 1974/75 12.36 10.02% 1991/92 0.11 0.09% 1976/77 149.94 23.47% 1993/94 31.67 25.67% 1980/81 10.69 8.66%

Prescribed Burn History YEAR Area burnt



1984/85 47.25 38.30% 1987/88 12.20 9.89% 1985/86 11.66 9.45% 1993/94 1.04 0.84% 1986/87 12.85 10.42%


14

Cabbage Tree Management Area

Description of management area boundaries North – Port Hacking coast including Bonnie Vale, Maianbar and

Yenabilli East – Bundeena Drive South – Bundeena Drive West – Mainbaar Road then Red Jacks Point fire trail

Size of management area (hectares) 577.88 Zones present Asset protection zone (0.62 hectares)

Strategic management zone (50.39 hectares) Heritage management zone (531.28 hectares)

Assets/inholdings within management area • Maianbar and western side of Bundeena is adjacent to thismanagement area

• Bonnie Vale Camp site• Water line from Audley to Bundeena• Maianbar water tank off Maianbar Road

Rare or threatened Australian plants Gonocarpus salisoloides (Reichb.) Threatened fauna Pink cockatoo (Cacatua leadbeateri)

Pied oystercatcher (Haematopus longirostris) Powerful owl (Ninox strenua) Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) Superb parrot (Polytelils swainsonii) Sooty owl (Tyto tenebricosa)

Cultural sites Aboriginal sites: axe-grinding groove, midden, rock engraving,shelter with art, shelter with deposit, shelter with midden. European sites: old ruins at Yenabilli Point

Operational information • Yenabilli (western side of Fishermans Bay) has a rainforestthat should be protected

• Evacuation point for Bonnie Vale is Bundeena Oval or mainpicnic area at Bonnie Vale

• Evacuation point for Maianbar is Deeban Spit• Fire advantages: Cabbage Basin walking track and Water

Board track from Maianbar Rd to Cabbage Tree Basinfootbridge

• Fire advantage: rear of Woodfield Ave to rear of Bonnie Valecamping area (old fire trail)

• Vehicle water points: hydrants at Bonny Vale, Bundeena andMaianbar

• Helicopter water bucket: Cabbage Tree Basin, Hacking River• Helipads: Bonnie Vale picnic area, Bundeena Oval• Yenabilli Point fire trail is four-wheel-drive access

Trails present Yenabilli Point fire trailMaianbar Road and Bundeena Drive.

Bushfire behaviour potential (hectares) High Medium Low Negligible4.44 108.19 158.73 310.94


15

Map 21: Cabbage Tree Management Area and Fire Management Zones


16

Cabbage Tree Asset Protection ZoneLocation of zone: Slash fuel reduced zone around Bonnie ValePurpose: Provide protection for Bundeena, the assets at Bonnie Vale and an

evacuation point for campers at Bonnie Vale

Vegetation CommunitiesVEGETATION COMMUNITY TOTAL

(hectares)IN

RESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 0.06 9.68% These areas will be maintainedas slashed zones.

Cleared land - - 0.56 90.32%

Bushfire Behaviour Potential % of ZoneHIGHER MEDIUM LOWER NEGLIGIBLE

0% 0% 0% 100%

Fire HistoryYEAR Area burnt

(hectares)% OF ZONE YEAR Area burnt

(hectares)% OF ZONE

1976/77 0.62 99.35% 1993/94 0.62 99.35%

Prescribed Burn HistoryYEAR Area burnt


(hectares)% OF ZONE

1984/895 0.21 34.03% 1987/88 0.12 18.71%1985/86 0.16 25.16% 1989/90 0.45 72.42%


17

Cabbage Tree Strategic Management ZoneLocation of zone: Three strategic management zones:

1. west of Maianbar,2. east and south of Maianbar and3. west of Bundeena

Purpose: To provide protection to the villages of Maianbar and Bundeena

Vegetation CommunitiesVEGETATIONCOMMUNITY

TOTAL(hectares)

INRESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 43.25 85.83% Majority has been burnt in 1984/85and in 1993/94. Fire threshold maybe exceeded if another fire occursbefore 2004/5 or there is a highintensity fire. This area is consideredcritical for the protection of life andproperty at Bundeena and Maianbar.

Sandstone heath 5585.16 A 2.44 4.84% The suggested fire threshold will notbe exceeded if there is another firebefore 2002/3.

Cleared land - - 3.0 5.95% N/A

Water - - 0.19 0.38% N/A

Tall dry forest (Garawarra) 337.7 B 0.69 1.37% The suggested fire threshold will notbe exceeded if there are another twofires before 2002/3.


71.5 B 0.82 1.63% The suggested fire threshold will notbe exceeded if there are another twofires before 2002/3.


0.87% 17.48% 30.40% 51.24%



(hectares)% OF ZONE

1968/69 2.06 1980/81 0.221972/73 2.89 1988/89 17.901973/74 11.56 1991/92 3.181974/75 50.31 100% 1992/93 0.581978/79 0.06 1993/94 50.06 100%



(hectares)% OF ZONE

1984/85 8.03 15.93% 1988/89 4.24 8.41%1985/86 31.71 62.94% 1989/90 0.26 0.51%1986/87 0.44 0.87% 1991/92 6.98 13.85%1987/88 5.68 11.27%


18

Cabbage Tree Heritage Management ZoneVegetation Communities


INRESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 225.38 41.58% Majority has been burnt in 1984/85and in 1993/94. Biodiversity maybe in decline from the highintensity fires in 88/89 and 93/94.Fire threshold may be exceeded ifanother fire occurs before 2004/5or if a high intensity fire occurs.

Sandstone heath 5585.16 A 229.12 42.27% Fire threshold will be exceeded ifanother fire before 2002/3. Ifpossible, keep community freefrom fire until 2008/09.

Cleared land -- - 16.07 2.96% N/A

Rock pavement heath 63.9 A 2.56 0.47% Fire threshold will be exceeded ifanother fire before 2002/3. Ifpossible, keep community freefrom fire until 2008/09.

Water - - 21.87 4.03% N/A

Tall dry forest (Garawarra) 337.7 B 13.25 2.44% The suggested fire threshold willnot be exceeded if there areanother two fires before 2002/3.

Rainforest B type 115.26 D 0.94 0.17% Biodiversity may decline if there isa fire.Biodiversity may have declined as aresult of the 1993/4 fire season.

Littoral forest 103.81 D 1.75 0.32% Biodiversity may decline if there isa fire.Biodiversity may have declined as aresult of the 1993/4 fire season.

Beach strand 31.13 D 1.69 0.31% Biodiversity may decline if there isa fire.


71.5 B 10.74 1.98% The suggested fire threshold willnot be exceeded if there areanother two fires before 2002/3.

Mangrove 20.31 D 7 1.29% Biodiversity may decline if there isa fire.

Saltmarsh 19.82 D 9.63 1.78% Biodiversity may decline if there isa fire.

Fringe forest 7.19 B 2.06 0.38% The suggested fire threshold willnot be exceeded if there areanother two fires before 2002/3.


0.75% 18.71% 26.99% 53.55%

Fire HistoryYEAR Area burnt (hectares) % OF ZONE YEAR Area burnt (hectares) % OF ZONE

1968/69 33.77 6.36% 1981/82 1.24 0.23%1971/72 0.45 0.08% 1984/85 0.77 0.14%1972/73 34.59 6.51% 1986/87 2.72 0.51%1974/75 28.43 5.35% 1987/88 0.66 0.12%1975/76 10.18 1.92% 1988/89 462.92 87.13%1976/77 505.58 95.16% 1991/92 2.70 0.51%1978/79 0.24 0.04% 1992/93 2.02 0.38%1980/81 2.66 0.50% 1993/94 500.97 94.29%


19

Prescribed Burn HistoryYEAR Area burnt (hectares) % OF ZONE YEAR Area burnt (hectares) % OF ZONE

1984/85 2.97 0.56% 1987/88 2.11 0.40%1985/86 15.92 3.00% 1989/90 0.32 0.06%1986/87 13.05 2.46% 1991/92 1.28 0.24%

Costens Management Area

Description of management area boundaries North – South West Arm including Costens Point and GooseberryBayWest – Mt Bass fire trail to Winifred Falls fire trailEast –Red Jacks Point fire trail and Maianbar RoadSouth – Bundeena Dr and Maianbar Road

Size of management area (hectares) 535.38Zones present Heritage management zone (535.38 hectares)Assets/inholdings within management area Audley-Mainbar water lineRare or threatened Australian plants Corybas undulatus (R. Cunn)Threatened fauna Sooty owl (Tyto tenebricosa)

Regent honeyeater (Xanthomyza phrygia)Cultural sites Aboriginal sites: axe-grinding grooves, midden, rock engraving,

shelter with art, shelter with deposit, shelter with middenEuropean sites: old building ruins at Costens Point

Operational information • High visitor use at Winifred Falls. Evacuate by boat or byfour-wheel-drive

• All fire trails are dead ends (Red Jacks, Costens) and four-wheel-drive access

• Mt Bass Fire trail no Cat 1/tanker access. Last 100 metresuntrafficable

• Anice Falls Fire Trail is closed. Is now a foot track• Fire advantage line: Anice Falls and Winifred Falls walking

tracks• Fire advantage line: old road between Costens Point fire trail

and Red Jacks fire trail (will need to be cleared)• Water bucket out of Hacking River or South West Arm• Vehicle water source from hydrants in Maianbar• Helipads: Maianbar Road, Bonnie Vale and Royal National

Park office Trails present • North-south fire trails: Red Jacks, Costens and Mt Bass Bushfire behaviour potential (hectares) High Medium Low Negligible

15.19 93.44 202.56 224.19


20

Map 22: Costens Management Area and Fire Management Zones


21

Costens Heritage Management Zone Vegetation Communities


INRESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 195.44 36.45% Biodiversity may be in decline as aresult of two high intensity fires(1993/94 and 1988/89).Community should be fire free untilat least 2008/9. High intensity firesshould be avoided where possible.

Upland swamp 273.66 A 4.75 0.89% Biodiversity may not be in declineas a result of fire history.Biodiversity may decline if there isa fire before 2002/3.

Sandstone woodland 5309.3 B 22.69 4.23% Biodiversity may not be in declineas a result of fire history.Biodiversity may decline if there isa fire before 2002/3.

Sandstone heath 5585.16 A 301.13 56.16% Biodiversity may not be in declineas a result of fire history.Biodiversity may decline if there isa fire before 2002/3.


Rock pavement heath 63.9 A 2.31 0.43% Biodiversity may not be in declineas a result of fire history.Biodiversity may decline if there isa fire before 2002/3.

Water - - 1.5 0.28% N/A

Dry riparian scrub 93.25 D 1.31 0.24% Biodiversity may decline if a fireoccurs.

Tall dry forest (Garawarra) 337.7 B 6.31 1.18% Biodiversity may not be in declineas a result of fire history.Biodiversity may decline if there isa fire before 2002/3.


2.84% 17.45% 37.83% 41.87%




1968/69 449.10 83.75% 1984/85 0.23 0.04% 1969/70 1.46 0.27% 1985/86 1.04 0.19% 1974/75 0.37 0.07% 1988/89 485.69 90.58% 1975/76 511.57 95.40% 1991/92 0.87 0.16% 1979/80 18.29 3.41% 1992/93 53.79 10.03% 1982/83 1.23 0.23% 1993/94 534.70 99.72%




1985/86 1.22 0.23% 1986/87 10.71 2%


22

Curra Moors Management Area

Description of management area boundaries North – Wattamolla Road East – Coastline South – Garie Road West – Sir Bertram Stevens Drive

Size of management area (hectares) 1349 Zones present Asset protection zone (6.19 hectares)

Heritage management zone (1342 hectares) Assets/inholdings within management area Youth hostel at North Garie, Middle Rill

Garie Water Supply Line runs from Middle Rill to Garie Beach(plastic piping)

Rare or threatened Australian plants Eucalyptus camfieldii (Maiden) Lomandra brevis (A. Lee)

Threatened fauna Black-browed albatross (Diomedea melanophrys) Red goshawk (Erythrotriorchis radiatus) Giant burrowing frog (Heleioporus australiacus) Broad-headed snake (Hoplocephalus bungaroides) Red-crowned toadlet (Pseudophryne australis) Sooty owl (Tyto tenebricosa)

Cultural sites Aboriginal sites: abraded grooves, axe-grinding grooves, midden,rock engraving, shelter with art, shelter with deposit, shelter withmidden.

Operational information • Keep fire out of rainforest at Middle Rill• Direct attack where possible. Keep fire to minimum sizewhere practicable• High visitation in summer. Visitor safety and managementcritical• Helipad at Garrawarra Farm and Garie Road• Advantages: Curra Moors walking track, the oldCurracurrong fire trail• Curra Moors fire trail is four-wheel-drive access.• Vehicle water point: hydrant top level of car park atWattamolla and western end of Garie car park• Drafting point at Wattamolla dam; Curra Moors fire trailcrossing of Curra Moors brook; upper causeway

Trails present • Curra Moors fire trail (west-east)• Curracurrong fire trail is closed.


15.63 401.07 234.44 697.88


23

Map 37: Curra Moors Management Area and Fire Management Zones


24

Curra Moors Asset Protection Zone Location of zone: Youth Hostel at Middle Rill, North Garie Purpose: To provide protection for the Youth Hostel at North Garie


(hectares)IN

RESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone heath 5585.16 A 3 48.47% Area to be slashed/mown. Littoralrainforest patch should beprotected where possible.

Cleared land - - 3 48.47%

Littoral forest 103.81 D 0.19 3.07%


0% 11.15% 33.28% 55.57%




1984/85 0.29 4.68% 1988/89 0.06 0.97% 1986/87 0.06 0.97% 1993/94 3.94 63.65%




1984/85 5.10 82.39%


25

Curra Moors Heritage Management Zone Vegetation Communities


INRESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 190.25 13.99% Biodiversity at southern end of thiszone may be in decline (1980/81,1988/89 and 1993/94). Fire shouldbe excluded, especially highintensity.

Upland swamp 273.66 A 27.94 2.05% Biodiversity at southern end of thiszone may be in decline.

Sandstone woodland 5309.3 B 181.63 13.35% Biodiversity may decline if a fireoccurs before 2002/2003.

Sandstone heath 5585.16 A 803.69 59.09 Comprises the majority of thiszone. Biodiversity may decline if afire occurs before 2002/2003.Biodiversity may already be indecline as a result of three firessince 1977/78.


Rock pavement heath 63.9 A 6.38 0.47% Biodiversity may decline if a fireoccurs before 2002/2003.

Water - - 0.69 0.05% N/A

Shale gully forest 1186.42 C 13.88 1.02% Biodiversity may be in decline(1980/81, 1988/89 and 1993/94).Fire should be excluded, especiallyhigh intensity.

Rainforest B type 115.26 D 1.31 0.10% Biodiversity may be in decline. Allfire should be excluded.

Littoral forest 103.81 D 64.0 4.71% Biodiversity may be in decline. Allfire should be excluded.

Shale ridge forest 73.32 B 13.88 1.02% If more than two fires occur in thenext five years, biodiversity maydecline.

Coastal gully forest 0.44 C 0.44 0.03% Biodiversity may be in decline.

Beach strand 31.13 - 5.13 0.38% N/A

Saltmarsh 19.82 D 42.75 3.14% Biodiversity may be in decline.


116% 29.82% 17.31% 51.71%




1966/67 881.16 65.62% 1985/86 8.82 0.66% 1968/69 9.65 0.72% 1986/87 0.19 0.01% 1971/72 5.23 0.05% 1987/88 9.30 0.69% 1972/73 54.58 4.06% 1988/89 1270.94 94.65% 1977/78 640.15 47.67% 1991/92 0.15 0.01% 1978/79 0.91 0.07% 1992/93 0.27 0.02% 1979/80 0.21 0.02% 1993/94 1320.86 98.36% 1980/81 133.15 9.92% 1996/97 0.06 0% 1984/85 0.25 0.02%

Prescribed Burn History


26

YEAR Area burnt(hectares)

% OF ZONE YEAR Area burnt(hectares)

% OF ZONE

1984/85 8.22 0.61% 1986/87 2.21 0.16% 1985/86 0.50 0.04% 1988/89 1.20 0.09%


27

Engadine Management Area

Description of management area boundaries West – Railway line

North – Railway line East – Engadine Lakes four-wheel-drive trail South – East Heathcote fuel reduced zone


Heritage management zone (42.13 hectares) Assets/inholdings within management area None present. Rare or threatened Australian plants None recorded. Threatened fauna None recorded. Cultural sites None recorded. Operational information • Engadine Creek to Horseshoe Falls is a moist gully and is

considered a good fire advantage• Engadine Lakes waterhole is a permanent water source

suitable for helicopter buckets• NPWS lock is on State Rail access trail

Trails present • Engadine Lakes trail• State Rail access trail runs adjacent to railway line.


0 5.19 15.94 21.25


28

Map 23: Engadine Management Area and Fire Management Zones


29

Engadine Asset Protection Zone Location of zone: Part of East Heathcote radiation zone near John Paul Village Purpose: To provide a slashed fuel reduced zone around East Heathcote


(hectares)IN

RESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Cleared land - - 0.25 100% Area will be maintained byslashing


0% 0% 0% 100%




No wildfires recorded




No prescribed burns recorded

Engadine Heritage Management Zone Vegetation Communities


INRESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 2.69 6.42% Fire frequency is currently withinsuggested regime. Biodiversity maydecline if there is a fire before2013/2014.

Sandstone heath 5585.16 A 4.13 9.86% Fire frequency is currently withinsuggested regime. Biodiversity maydecline if there is a fire before2002/2003.


Ironstone woodland 1258.82 B 27.63 65.96% Biodiversity may decline if there isa fire before 2001. The southernend of the zone may be in declineas a result of 1979/80 and 1980/81.


0% 12.32% 37.84% 49.85%




1968/69 38.15 90.56% 1980/81 5.46 12.97% 1972/73 24.90 59.11% 1984/85 0.64 1.51% 1975/76 0.43 1.02% 1987/88 0.08 0.19% 1978/79 10.01 23.76% 1990/91 0.40 0.94% 1979/80 0.35 0.83% 1993/94 27.65 65.63%



30



% OF ZONE

1981/82 31.33 74.35%


31

Forest Island Management Area

Description of management area boundaries Bound by Forest Island track (Hacking River and Bola Creek) andLady Carrington Drive

Size of management area (hectares) 120.75 Zones present Heritage management zone (120.75 hectares) Assets/inholdings within management area Bola Creek picnic area Rare or threatened Australian plants None recorded Threatened fauna Powerful owl (Ninox strenua)

Sooty owl (Tyto tenebricosa) Broad-headed snake (Hoplocephalus bungaroides)

Cultural sites European Sites: fire trail is historic logging road. Wooden footbridges and steps are present.

Operational information • Priority should be given to prevent fire impacting on rainforestmargins in gullies

• Wooden footbridges and steps are present along ForestIsland walk

• Walking track (Forest Island walk) bounds the managementare

• Cat 9/slip-on access along southern side of Forest Island walkfor approx one kilometre.

• Staging area at Southern entrance of Lady Carrington Drive• Southern entrance of Lady Carrington Drive should not be

used as a helipad due to traffic issues. Nearest helipad isWaterfall Oval or Garie turnoff

• Drafting points: upper causeway Trails present • Vehicular access Lady Carrington Drive (eastern edge of

management area only). .


50.44 29.25 18.94 22.13


32

Map 24: Forest Island Management Area and Fire Management Zones


33

Forest Island Heritage Management Zone Vegetation Communities


INRESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 20 16.56% Biodiversity may decline if there isa fire before 2013/2014. As1993/94 was a high intensity fire,biodiversity may already be indecline.


Shale gully forest 1186.42 C 82.06 67.96% Biodiversity may decline if there isa fire before 2013/2014. As1993/94 was a high intensity fire,biodiversity may already be indecline.

Rainforest B type 115.26 D 0.13 0.11% Biodiversity may be in decline.1993/94 had patches unburnt inthis area.

Rainforest A type 207.26 D 14.19 11.75% Biodiversity may be in decline.1993/94 had patches unburnt inthis area.

Wet riparian scrub 12.69 D 4.31 3.57% Biodiversity may be in decline.

Bushfire Behaviour Potential % of Zone HIGHER MEDIUM LOWER NEGLIGIBLE 41.77% 24.22% 15.68% 18.33%




1980/81 1.24 1.03% 1982/83 3.61 2.99% 1981/82 0.21 0.18% 1989/90 0.08 0.06%






34

Forest Ridge Management Area

Description of management area boundaries North – Engadine Creek East – Kangaroo Creek South – Bottle Forest fire trail then foot track to Kangaroo Creek West – old Engadine Lakes fire trail (closed)


Heritage management zone (566.5 hectares) Assets/inholdings within management area Heathcote East residential area adjacent to this management area Rare or threatened Australian plants Eucalyptus leuhmanniana Threatened fauna Giant burrowing frog (Heleioporus australiacus)

Red-crowned toadlet (Pseudophryne australis) Heath monitor (Varanus rosenbergi)

Cultural sites Aboriginal sites: abraded grooves, axe grinding groove, midden,rock engraving, shelter with art, shelter with deposit

Operational information • Engadine Creek to Horseshoe Falls is a moist gully and isconsidered to be a good fire advantage

• Fire advantage: 1994 bulldozed line from Bottle Forest Loopfire trail along Forest Ridge to Engadine Creek (revegetatedand mounds)

• Fire advantage: Engadine-Audley walking track• Bottle Forest fire trail is a dead end• Old Engadine Lakes fire trail is closed (mounds and

rehabilitated)• Engadine Lakes, Goarra Ridge, Bottle Forest and Bottle Forest

Loop are all four-wheel-drive access only.• Helipads: Heathcote Oval• Helicopter water source: Kangaroo Creek and Engadine Lake• Vehicle water source: hydrants in East Heathcote.

Trails present • Goarra Ridge fire trail• Bottle Forest fire trail• Bottle Forest Loop fire trail• Parklands fire trail (joining Bottle Forest Loop fire trail)• Engadine Lakes fire trail


24.31 94.63 193.75 257.56


35

Map 25: Forest Ridge Management Area and Fire Management Zones


36

Forest Ridge Asset Protection Zone Location of zone: Existing East Heathcote residential area fuel reduced zone Purpose: Maintain slashed zone to protect East Heathcote


(hectares)IN

RESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Cleared land - - 2.94 78.4% This zone will be maintainedby slashing

Ironstone woodland 1258.82 B 0.81 21.60%


0% 3.47% 1.60% 94.63%




1968/69 1.52 40.53% 1984/85 0.05 1.33% 1972/73 1.49 39.73% 1993/94 0.23 6.13% 1980/81 0.58 15.47%






37

Forest Ridge Heritage Management Zone Vegetation Communities


INRESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 125.13 22.09% Occurs along Engadine Creek. Firein 1981/82 and 1993/94.Biodiversity may decline if anotherfire occurs before 2001/2 or if ahigh intensity fire occurs.

Upland swamp 273.66 A 2.38 0.42% Small patch in the middle of thezone. Biodiversity decline is notexpected to occur if another fireoccurs before 2001/2.

Sandstone woodland 5309.3 B 18.25 3.22% Biodiversity decline is not expectedif a fire occurs before 2001/2.

Sandstone heath 5585.16 A 66.69 11.77% Small patches scattered throughoutzone. Biodiversity decline is notexpected to occur if another fireoccurs before 2001/2.


Ironstone woodland 1258.82 B 311.5 54.98% This is the largest continuous patchof ironstone woodland in thereserves. Other occurrences aresmall patches. Biodiversity declineis not expected if a fire occursbefore 2001/2.

Dry riparian scrub 93.25 D 7.75 1.37% Biodiversity may decline if there isa fire.

Shale gully forest 1186.42 C 32.13 5.67% Biodiversity may decline if anotherfire occurs.


4.29% 16.68% 34.19% 44.84%




1968/69 561.73 21.27% 1980/81 8.96 3.11% 1971/72 0.27 0.08% 1984/85 2.33 0.49% 1972/73 71.48 2.42% 1987/88 13.72 12.62% 1977/78 2.80 0.41% 1989/90 0.48 0.05% 1978/79 17.61 1.58% 1993/94 120.47 99.16% 1979/80 75.31 13.29%




1981/82 557.35 98.38%


38

Garie Management Area

Description of management area boundaries South – NPWS boundary of Royal National Park North – Garie West – Garawarra Ridge track


Heritage management zone (601.48 hectares) Assets/inholdings within management area • NPWS house at Garie, toilet block and picnic area

• Cabins at Little Garie, South Era, and Burning Palms• Surf Life Saving Clubs at Garie, South Era and Burning Palms• Kiosk at Garie Beach• Pit toilets at Werrong, Burning Palms and North Era

Rare or threatened Australian plants Typhonium eliosurum (Benth) Threatened fauna Grey falcon (Falco hypoleucos)

Sooty oystercatcher (Haematopus fuliginosus) Giant burrrowing frog (Heleioporus australiacus) Broad-billed sandpiper (Limicola falcinellus) Powerful pwl (Ninox strenua) Red-crowned toadlet (Pseudophyrne australis)

Cultural sites Aboriginal sites: axe-grinding grove, midden, shelter with art,shelter with deposit.

Operational information • Rainforest in gullies – priority should be given to prevent fireimpacting on the margins

• High visitation area – visitor safety and management critical• Cabin licensees should be informed of situation and strategies• Cliff lines present• Helipad at Garawarra Farm and Garie Road• Coast Track (walking track) traverses the coastline• Western boundary is Garawarra Ridge trail (dead end with

turning bays) four-wheel-drive access• Advantage lines: walking tracks within the block (most

traverse east-west)• Helipads: Garie, Garawarra Farm, North Era, South Era,

Werrong and south Burning Palms• Drafting points: upper causeway

Trails present No vehicular access present in this management area except GarieRoad and Garawarra Ridge Track


31 270.50 95.13 206.81


39

Map 27: Garie Management Area and Fire Management Zones


40

Garie Asset Protection Zone Location of zone: Radiation zones around:

• cabins at Little Garie, South Era and Burning Palms• surf life saving clubs at Little Garie, South Era and Burning Palms• NPWS residence: Garie• kiosk, toilet block and picnic areas at Garie• pit toilets at Werrong, Burning Palms and North Era

Purpose: To provide Cabins at Little Garie, South Era and Burning Palms, surf lifesaving clubs at Little Garie, South Era and Burning Palms, NPWS residenceand kiosk at Garie


(hectares)IN

RESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Cleared land - - 4.19 63.85% This zone will be maintained byslashing or mowing when required.Littoral rainforest will be protectedand affected as little as possible.



0% 1.18% 1.56% 97.26%




1980/81 1.22 6.83% 1988/89 0.75 11.44% 1993/94 0.45 6.83%





Garie Heritage Management Zone Vegetation Communities


INRESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 20 16.56% Biodiversity may decline if there isanother fire before 2014/15.


Shale gully forest 1186.42 C 82.06 67.96% Biodiversity may decline if there isanother fire before 2014/2015.

Rainforest B type 115.26 D 0.13 0.11% Biodiversity may be in decline.

Rainforest B type 207.26 D 14.19 11.75% Biodiversity may be in decline.

Coastal gully forest 0.44 C 4.31 3.57% Biodiversity may decline if there isanother fire before 2014/15..


5.15% 44.94% 15.81% 34.09%





41

1966/67 1.01 0.17% 1980/81 156.79 26.07% 1968/69 173.41 28.83% 1982/83 7.38 1.23% 1972/73 27.39 4.55% 1984/85 18.44 3.07% 1974/75 18.21 3.03% 1988/89 130.91 21.76% 1975/76 2.06 0.34% 1989/90 0.13 0.02% 1977/78 2.77 0.46% 1993/94 344.04 57.20% 1979/80 4.66 0.78%




1980/81 0.64 0.11%


42

Garawarra Ridge Management Area

Description of management area boundaries South – Otford Gap East – Garawarra Ridge Track North – Sir Bertram Stevens Drive West – park boundary along Lady Wakehurst Drive


Heritage management zone (918.51 hectares) Assets/inholdings within management area • NPWS house at Garawarra Farm, dog pound, generator shed

and old house/stables• Radio repeater

Rare or threatened Australian plants Tetratheca neglecta (J. Thompson). Eucalyptus leuhmanniana

Threatened fauna Large pied bat (Chalinolobus dwyeri) Giant burrowing frog (Heleioporus australiacus) Large-footed mouse-eared bat (Myotis adversus) Powerful owl (Ninox strenua) Red-crowned toadlet (Pseudophyrne australis) Sooty owl (Tyto tenebricosa)

Cultural sites Aboriginal Sites: shelter with midden Operational information • Rainforest present in gullies: priority should be made to

prevent fire impacting on the margins• Garawarra Ridge fire trail is a dead end. Turnaround and

passing bays are present. Four-wheel-drive access• Bola Heights fire trail is a dead end. Turnaround and passing

bays are present. Four-wheel-drive access• The Burgh walking track is an advantage line• Lilyvale walking track is an advantage line• Vehicle water points: hydrant at western end of Garie car park,

draft water from Waterfall upper causeway• Possible hand-tool lines off ends of both end forks of Bola

Heights fire trail down to Sir Bertram Stevens Drive and LadyWakehurst Drive

• Helipad at Garawarra Farm and Garie Road Trails present • .Garawarra Ridge fire trail

• Bola Heights fire trails Bushfire behaviour potential (hectares) High Medium Low Negligible

163.63 247.38 257.19 251.75


43

Map 26: Garawarra Ridge Management Area and Fire Management Zones


44

Garawarra Ridge Asset Protection Zone Location of zone: NPWS residence: Garawarra Farm, assorted buildings and radio repeater. Purpose: To maintain a fuel reduced zone to provide protection for the Garawarra

Farm and the car park (as a possible evacuation point for bushwalkers)


(hectares)IN

RESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 0.69 10.71% This area will be maintained byslashing when required.

Cleared land - - 5 77.64%

Tall dry forest (Garawarra) 337.7 B 0.75 11.65%


0% 0% 9.78% 90.22%




1993/94 6.49 100%






45

Garawarra Ridge Heritage Management Zone Vegetation Communities


INRESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 131.5 14.29% Biodiversity may decline if a fireoccurs before 2013/2014.

Upland swamp 273.66 A 4.25 0.46% If a fire occurs before 2002/3,biodiversity may decline.

Sandstone woodland 5309.3 B 131.56 14.30% If more than two fires occur before2002/3 biodiversity may decline.

Sandstone heath 5585.16 A 74.06 8.05% If a fire occurs before 2002/3,biodiversity may decline.


Tall dry forest (Garawarra) 337.7 B 129.94 14.12% If more than two fires occur before2002/3 biodiversity may decline.

Shale gully forest 1186.42 C 329.13 35.77% Biodiversity may decline if a fireoccurs before 2013/2014.

Rainforest B type 115.26 D 23.56 2.56% As a result of the 1993/94 fire,biodiversity may be in decline.

Rainforest A type 207.26 D 50.31 5.47% As a result of the 1993/94 fire,biodiversity may be in decline.

Littoral forest 103.81 D 0.31 0.03% As a result of the 1993/94 fire,biodiversity may be in decline.

Wet riparian scrub 12.69 D 1.81 0.20% As a result of the 1993/94 fire,biodiversity may be in decline.

Bulgo forest 34.56 B 34.56 3.76% If more than two fires occur before2002/3 biodiversity may decline.





1971/72 5.23 0.57% 1988/89 4.60 0.50% 1972/73 31.36 3.41% 1989/90 1.03 0.11% 1974/75 41.01 4.47% 1990/91 0.14 0.01% 1975/76 2.07 0.22% 1991/92 0.28 0.03% 1980/81 0.71 0.08% 1992/93 0.15 0.03% 1984/85 0.07 0.01% 1993/94 831.64 90.54%






46

Grays Point Management Area

Description of management area boundaries North – Savilles Creek South – Florence Parade fire trail East – Anana Hill fire trail and Greenhaven Road fire trail West – Temptation Creek fire trail



Assets/inholdings within management area Grays Point school and residential areas adjacent to thismanagement area.

Rare or threatened Australian plants None recorded Threatened fauna None recorded Cultural sites Aboriginal sites: axe-grinding groove, quarry, shelter with art,

shelter with deposit, shelter with midden European sites: old rifle range (gun emplacements)

Operational information • Savilles Creek trail is a dead end. Four-wheel-drive access• Location of gates at Grays Point: at school and Greenhaven

Road• Fire advantage: old bulldozed track running from Temptation

Creek trail (500 metres from Bypass entrance) to Savilles Creek• Fire advantage: Temptation Creek• Water drafting points: Temptation Creek crossing and Savilles

Creek• Vehicle water points: Grays Point residential hydrants• Water bucket pick-up: Hacking River• Helipads: Grays Point Oval and Royal National Park office

Trails present Savilles Creek fire trail Temptation Creek fire trail Anana Hill fire trail Florence Parade fire trail


6.94 25.88 55.31 92.38


47

Map 28: Grays Point Management Area and Fire Management Zones


48

Grays Point Asset Protection Zone Location of zone: Slashed asset protection zone around Grays Point school and residential

areas adjacent to the reserve Purpose: To provide a slashed fuel reduced zone around Greys Point school and

residential areas

Vegetation Communities VEGETATIONCOMMUNITY

TOTAL(hectares)

INRESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone woodland 5309.3 B 0.5 100% This area will be slashed.


0% 0% 12% 88%


1968/69 0.06 9.68% 1982/83 0.62 100% 1976/77 0.50 80.65% 1993/94 0.62 100% 1981/82 0.06 9.63%


1993/94 0.43 69.84%

Grays Point Strategic Management Zone Location of zone: Strip burn approximately 30 metres deep from Greenhaven Place to Anana

Hill Purpose: To maintain a fuel reduced zone to provide protection to Grays Point


(hectares)IN

RESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 0.69 61.61% It is likely that frequent fire(since 1982) exceeded ornearing the suggested firethreshold. It is importantthat fuels are maintained to 15tonnes or less to protectGrays Point.

Sandstone woodland 5309.3 B 0.37 33.04%

Sandstone heath 5585.16 A 0.06 5.36%


0% 19% 12% 69%


1968/69 0.06 5.05% 1982/83 1.19 100% 1971/72 0.95 80.03% 1991/92 0.98 82.56% 1976/77 1.03 86.77% 1993/94 1.19 100%


1985/86 0.11 9.60% 1987/88 0.11 9.60%


49

1986/87 0.09 7.41%


50

Grays Point Heritage Management Zone Vegetation Communities


INRESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 24.21 13.25% Sandstone gully forest has hadthree fires in the last 20 years. It islikely that there is a decline inbiodiversity. At the least thereshould be no fire until 2013/2014.

Sandstone woodland 5309.3 B 126.44 70.49% Biodiversity is not expected todecline if there is another firebefore 2003/4.

Sandstone heath 5585.16 A 5.5 3.07% Patches in southern part of themanagement area. Biodiversitymay be in decline as a result of firehistory. Fire free period until2003/4.


Ironstone woodland 1258.82 B 21.25 11.85% Biodiversity is not expected todecline if there is another firebefore 2003/4.


3.88% 14.35% 30.80% 50.97%




1968/69 28.11 15.74% 1980/81 0.10 0.05% 1971/72 142.81 79.96% 1982/83 143.02 80.07% 1976/77 76.28 42.71% 1987/88 21.10 11.81% 1977/78 29.54 16.54% 1991/92 149.28 83.58% 1979/80 0.08 0.04% 1993/94 177.00 99.10%




1977/78 6.65 3.72% 1988/89 0.32 0.18% 1985/86 16.00 8.96% 1990/91 19.95 11.17% 1986/87 16.00 8.96% 1993/94 0.50 0.28% 1987/88 16.00 8.96%


51

Gurrumboola Management Area

Description of management area boundaries North – Kangaroo Creek East – Hacking river along Lady Carrington Drive to McKellAvenue West: Kangaroo Creek then Ulloola Brook to Uloola Swamp thenUloola Falls Fire trail to Waterfall South: McKell Avenue


Heritage management zone (1283.50 hectares) Assets/inholdings within management area Currawong/Wattle Forest picnic area and toilet blocks

Varneys Bridge (Historic bridge) Waterfall school adjacent to this management area Waterfall Oval Unistrut bridge along Engadine-Audley walking track

Rare or threatened Australian plants Eucalyptus camfieldii (Maiden) Gonocarpus salsoloides (Reichb.) Tetratheca neglecta (J. Thompson)

Threatened fauna Large pied bat (Chalinolobus dwyeri) Grey falcon (Falco hypoleucos) Giant burrowing frog (Heleioporus australiacus) Broad-billed sandpiper (Limicola falcinellus) Green and golden bell frog (Litoria aurea) Square-tailed kite (Lophoictinia isura) Large-footed mouse-eared bat (Myotis adversus) Powerful owl (Ninox strenua) Red-crowned toadlet (Pseudophryne australis) Little shearwater (Puffinus assimilus) Sooty owl (Tyto tenebricosa) Terek sandpiper (Xenus cinereus)

Cultural sites Aboriginal sites: axe-grinding grooves, midden, rock engraving,shelter with art, shelter with deposit, shelter with midden.

Operational information • Fire advantages: Uloola Falls walking track, Couranga walkingtrack, Robertsons Roundabout walking track, moist gullies

• Fire advantage: Engadine-Audley walking track• Uloola Falls fire trail is a dead end• High visitation at Currwong/Wattle Forest and Uloola Falls• Waterfall Oval can used as an evacuation point for Waterfall

School/Uloola campers/bushwalkers• Helipad: Waterfall Oval, Royal National Park office, Peach

Tree Trig (0.5 kilometres north-east of Uloola Falls), UloolaTurrets on Carloo Track north west of Uloola Falls, UloolaFalls fire trail (southern end of Uloola Swamp) and northernend of Uloola Falls fire trail, Uloola Falls fire trail (CallaghansTor), Heathcote Oval

• Helicopter water points: pools along Hacking River• Vehicle water points: hydrants at Audley and Waterfall

Trails present • Uloola Falls fire trail to within 200 metres of Uloola Falls Bushfire behaviour potential (hectares) High Medium Low Negligible

173.13 386.13 452.75 271.81


52

Map 29: Gurrumboola Management Area and Fire Management Zones


53

Gurrumboola Asset Protection Zone Location of zone: Slash fuel reduced zone around toilets and picnic areas at

Currawong/Wattle Forest Slash fuel reduced zone around Waterfall school

Purpose: To provide a fuel reduced zone around Waterfall school and picnic areas


(hectares)IN

RESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Ironstone woodland 1258.82 B 0.31 100% This area will be slashed


0% 0% 40.63% 59.38%




1981/82 0.28 87.50% 1993/94 0.28 87.50%






54

Gurrumboola Heritage Management Zone Vegetation Communities


INRESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 541.88 42.22% Sandstone gully forest in this zonehas been affected by one, if nottwo, significant fires since1980/81. Biodiversity may be indecline in this area. High intensityfire should be avoided in thisvegetation type.

Upland swamp 273.66 A 2 0.16% Occurs at Uloola Swamp. Has hadfire in 1980/81 and 1993/94.Biodiversity is not expected todecline if a fire occurs before2001/2.

Sandstone woodland 5309.3 B 352.25 27.44% Occurs along Uloola Heights. Hashad fire in 1980/81 and 1993/94.Biodiversity is not expected todecline if a fire occurs before2005/6.

Sandstone heath 5585.16 A 174.88 13.62% Occurs along Uloola Heights.Biodiversity is not expected todecline if a fire occurs before2001/2.


Ironstone woodland 1258.82 B 19.19 1.50% Small patch near Waterfall. Hashad fire in 1980/81 and 1993/94.Biodiversity is not expected todecline if a fire occurs before2001/2.

Rock pavement heath 63.9 A 1.13 0.09% Small patch near Waterfall (withinironstone woodland). Biodiversityis not expected to decline if a fireoccurs before 2001/2.

Water - - 15.25 1.19% N/A


Shale gully forest 1186.42 C 115.25 8.98% Occurs along Hacking River andBola Creek. High intensity fireshould be avoided in this vegetationtype

Rainforest B type 115.26 D 21.81 1.70% Biodiversity may decline if there isa fire. Margins have decreased dueto 1993/94 fires.

Rainforest A type 207.26 D 24.31 1.89% Biodiversity may decline if there isa fire. Margins have decreased dueto 1993/94 fires.

Wet riparian scrub 12.69 D 1.13 0.09% Biodiversity may decline if there isa fire.


71.5 B 2.88 0.22% Biodiversity is not expected todecline if a fire occurs before2005/6.


Fire History


55



% OF ZONE

1965/66 0.13 0.01% 1978/79 7.95 0.62% 1968/69 839.13 65.38% 1980/81 463.22 36.09% 1971/72 0.93 0.07% 1984/85 0.36 0.03% 1972/73 15.57 1.21% 1988/89 0.73 0.06% 1975/76 3.55 0.28% 1993/94 1262.84 98.39% 1976/77 7.40 0.58% 1996/97 0.06 0% 1977/78 73.69 5.74%




1980/81 0.02 0% 1981/82 1.79 0.14%


56

Jibbon Management Area

Description of management area boundaries West – Big Marley fire trail and Bundeena FRZ and Jibbon Hillwalking track North – Port Hacking East – coastline


Heritage management zone (352.68 hectares) Assets/inholdings within management area Eastern side of Bundeena township adjacent to this management

area Rare or threatened Australian plants None recorded Threatened fauna None recorded Cultural sites Aboriginal sites: midden, rock engraving, shelter with art, shelter

with midden. Operational information • Advantage line: section of Coast Walk from Beachcomber

Ave to the cliff line between The Cobblers and the Water Run• Last 500 metres of Big Marley fire trail is impassable Bottom

end of Big Marley fire trail is sand. Four-wheel-drive access• Jibbon Point fire trail is four-wheel-drive (sand). Jibbon Point

fire trail does not suit heavy tankers. Cat 9 only• Helipad: Bundeena Oval• Vehicle water points: Bundeena township hydrants

Trails present • Big Marley fire trail (north-south)• Jibbon Point fire trail• Coast Track walking track


8.75 51.0 85.88 211.50


57

Map 30: Jibbon Management Area and Fire Management Zones


58

Jibbon Asset Protection Zone Location of zone: Slash asset protection zone on eastern side of Bundeena Purpose: To protect the village of Bundeena


(hectares)IN

RESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 0.13 3.57% This area will be maintained byslashing. Minimise impact onlittoral rainforest

Cleared land - - 1.5 41.21%


Sand dune forest 29.01 B 1.88 51.65%


0% 6.89% 10.47% 82.64%




1972/73 3.46 88.95% 1988/89 1.41 36.25% 1976/77 2.94 75.58% 1993/94 3.89 100% 1980/81 2.75 70.69%




1984/85 3.36 86.25% 1986/87 0.27 6.92% 1985/86 0.09 2.26% 1987/88 0.19 4.96%


59

Jibbon Heritage Management Zone Vegetation Communities


INRESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Upland swamp 273.66 A 4.56 1.28% Biodiversity is not expected todecline if there is a fire before2002/3 as the previous fires havebeen reasonably spaced apart.

Sandstone woodland 5309.3 B 4.38 1.23% Biodiversity is not expected todecline if two fires occur before2005/6.

Sandstone heath 5585.16 A 121.75 34.25% Biodiversity is not expected todecline if there is a fire before2002/3 as the previous fires havebeen reasonably spaced apart.


Rock pavement heath 63.9 A 3.88 1.09% Biodiversity is not expected todecline if there is a fire before2002/3 as the previous fires havebeen reasonably spaced apart.

Water - - 2.81 0.79% N/A

Littoral forest 103.81 D 16.06 4.52% Occurs around Marley and LittleMarley. Biodiversity may decline ifthere is a fire. Biodiversity mayalready be in decline as a result ofthe 1993/4 fire.

Sand heath 21b 151.82 A 148.88 41.88% Majority of this vegetationcommunity occurs in this zone.Biodiversity is not expected todecline if there is a fire before2002/3.

Headland heath 85.07 A 21.94 6.17% Biodiversity is not expected todecline if there is a fire before2002/3 as the previous fires havebeen reasonably spaced apart.

Freshwater lagoon 33.19 D 6.69 1.88% Biodiversity may decline if there isa fire.

Sand dune forest 29.01 B 24.38 6.86% The majority of this vegetationcommunity occurs in this zone.Community may be in decline(1980/81, 1988/89 and 1993/94).No fire until at least 2002/3.


2.48% 14.36% 24.19% 58.98%




1968/69 44.52 12.62% 1987/88 18.12 5.14% 1972/73 30.45 8.63% 1988/89 310.24 87.97% 1974/75 62.74 17.79% 1991/92 0.43 0.12% 1976/77 323.68 91.78% 1992/93 0.09 0.03% 1980/81 39.53 11.21% 1993/94 329.65 93.47% 1984/85 5.41 1.53%



60



% OF ZONE

1984/85 12.75 3.61% 1986/87 12.85 0.07% 1985/86 0.01 0% 1987/88 0.07 0.02%


61

Karloo Management Area

Description of management area boundaries West – Heathcote fuel reduced zone North – from Woodford Avenue along the four-wheel-drive trackto Kangaroo Creek East – Kangaroo Creek South – Karloo walking track


Heritage management zone (120.83 hectares) Assets/inholdings within management area None present Rare or threatened Australian plants None recorded Threatened fauna Giant burrowing frog (Heleioporus australiacus)

Red-crowned toadlet (Pseudophryne australis) Masked owl (Tyto novaehollandiae)

Cultural sites Aboriginal sites: axe-grinding groove, shelter with art, shelter withdeposit.

Operational information • Heathcote Brook is a west-east advantage• Bottle Forest trail is a dead end• Previous hand-tool line exists from Bottle Forest trail end to

Kangaroo Creek• Karloo Point helicopter evacuation point for visitors at Karloo

Pools• Karloo Track is a walking track (West-east) then north along

Kangaroo Creek• Helipad: Heathcote Oval• Water bucket out of Karloo Pool

Trails present • Bottle Forest Trail. Bushfire behaviour potential (hectares) High Medium Low Negligible

20.94 58.44 25.94 18.75


62

Map 31: Karloo Management Area and Fire Management Zones


63

Karloo Asset Protection Zone Location of zone: East Heathcote Purpose: To provide a slashed fuel reduced zone around East Heathcote


TOTAL(hectares) INRESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone woodland 5309.3 B 0.44 17.12% Area will be maintained byslashing/mowing as required.



0% 53.70% 14.79% 31.52%




1968/69 3.46 98.69% 1979/80 2.00 57.05% 1972/73 1.47 41.93% 1984/85 0.5 14.26% 1978/79 0.27 7.70% 1993/94 3.39 96.69%




1981/82 2.62 74.70% 1984/85 0.98 27.95%

Karloo Heritage Management Zone Vegetation Communities

VEGETATION COMMUNITY TOTAL(hectares) INRESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 57.69 47.48% Biodiversity may decline if there is afire before 2013/2104. Somesandstone gully forest may be indecline from three fires since1979/80.

Sandstone woodland 5309.3 B 10.69 8.80% Fire frequency is currently withinsuggested regime. Biodiversity maydecline if there are two fires insuccession before 2002/3.

Ironstone woodland 1258.82 B 35.93 29.57% Fire frequency is currently withinsuggested regime. Biodiversity maydecline if there are two fires insuccession before 2002/3.

Dry riparian scrub 93.25 D 2.69 2.21% Biodiversity may decline if there is afire. Biodiversity may already be indecline as a result of 1993/4.

Shale ridge forest 73.32 B 14.5 11.93% Fire frequency is currently withinsuggested regime. Biodiversity maydecline if there are two fires insuccession before 2002/3.






64

1968/69 120.83 100% 1980/81 0.22 0.18% 1971/72 2.06 1.71% 1984/85 8.78 7.27% 1972/73 35.20 29.13% 1987/88 0.49 0.41% 1978/79 0.51 0.42% 1993/94 120.81 99.99% 1979/80 23.31 19.29%




1981/82 97.44 80.64% 1984/85 6.18 5.11%


65

Lady Carrington Management Area

Description of management area boundaries North – Audley East – Sir Bertram Stevens Drive then Wises Track then SirBertram Stevens Drive South – Sir Bertram Stevens Drive West – Hacking River/Lady Carrington Drive



Assets/inholdings within management area • Ranger’s residence opposite Dancehall• Old Visitors Centre, pavilion, kiosk, dancehall, assorted picnicareas along eastern side of Hacking River

Rare or threatened Australian plants Eucalyptus leuhmannianaDarwinia grandiflora

Threatened fauna Large pied bat (Chalinolobus dwyeri)Giant burrowing frog (Heleioporus australiacus)Broad-headed snake (Hoplocephalus bungaroides)Large-footed mouse-eared bat (Myotis adversus)Powerful owl (Ninox strenua)Red–crowned toadlet (Pseudophryne australis)Sooty owl (Tyto tenebricosa)Heath monitor (Varanus rosenbergi)

Cultural sites Aboriginal sites: axe-grinding groove, rock engraving, shelter withart, shelter with depositEuropean sites: Lady Carrington Drive is an historic road withsandstone drainsPavillion and dancehall

Operational information • Priority should be given to prevent fire impacting on themargins of rainforest in gullies• Do not backburn off Lady Carrington Drive• Low hanging vegetation along Lady Carrington Drive maycause damage to tankers• Track conditions create access problems for heavy tankers• If practicable, vehicles should be restricted to formed trails.Do not displace rocks in this block (area surrounding Wises Trackand Karani Trail are known broad-headed snake habitat)• Steep section on southern end of Wises Track (HeartbreakHill) may require tankers/slip-ons to dump water to climb. Four-wheel-drive access• Wallumarra Track is dead end to vehicular access (joinswalking track). Turn around bays present. Four-wheel-drive accessonly• Karani Trail dead end with turn around bays present. Four-wheel-drive access only• Chinaman’s helipad on Sir Bertram Stevens Drive• Vehicle water points: hydrants at Audley and Farnell Avenue• Drafting points: upper causeway, Hacking River• Helipads: Chinaman’s helipad, Royal National Park office

Trails present • Lady Carrington Drive provides access to the western edge ofthe management area• Eastern edge of management area is Sir Bertram Stevens Driveand Wises Track• Wallumarra Track• Karani Trail


66


176.19 507.81 544.69 423.38


67

Map 32: Lady Carrington Management Area and Fire Management Zones


68

Lady Carrington Asset Protection Zone Location of zone: Radiation Zone around buildings located at Audley Purpose: To provide a fuel reduced zone to protect the buildings at Audley

(including the pavillion, the dancehall, the kiosk and the NPWS residence.


(hectares)IN

RESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS


71.5 B 0.06 100% Maintain slashed area aroundstructures.


0% 100% 0% 0%




Nil fire history





Lady Carrington Strategic Management Zone Location of zone: Western side of Sir Bertram Stevens Drive and from Artillery Hill to Wises

Track gate Purpose: To provide for strategic containment of wild fires, and to assist with the

achievement of a fire regime which is consistent with reserve managementobjectives


(hectares)IN

RESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone woodland 5309.3 B 1.13 38.31% Fire frequency is currently withinsuggested regime. Biodiversity maybe in decline if two fires occurbefore 2004/5.

Sandstone heath 5585.16 A 0.13 4.41% Biodiversity may be in decline(three fires since 1977 in quicksuccession). Fire-free period untilat least 2002/3.



0% 14.97% 36.05% 48.98%




1965/66 2.94 100% 1988./89 1.40 47.62% 1968/69 2.17 73.81% 1993/94 2.172 73.88%





69

1977/78 1.81 61.53% 1983/84 0.06 2.07%


70

Lady Carrington Heritage Management Zone Vegetation Communities

VEGETATIONCOMMUNITY


FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 617.81 37.46% Biodiversity may be in decline due totwo high intensity fires in 20 years.No more fire until at least 2008/9.No high intensity fire

Upland swamp 273.66 A 12 0.73% Fire frequency is currently withinsuggested regime. Biodiversity mayhave declined from two fires in eightyears (1988/89 and 1993/94 fires)

Sandstone woodland 5309.3 B 127.69 7.74% Fire frequency is currently withinsuggested regime. Biodiversity mayhave declined from two fires in eightyears (1988/89 and 1993/94 fires)

Sandstone heath 5585.16 A 577.18 35% Fire frequency is currently withinsuggested regime. Biodiversity mayhave declined from two fires in eightyears (1988/89 and 1993/94 fires)


Ironstone woodland 1258.82 B 47.31 2.87% Fire frequency is currently withinsuggested regime. Biodiversity mayhave declined from two fires in eightyears (1988/89 and 1993/94 fires)

Rock pavement heath 63.9 A 7.38 0.45% Fire frequency is currently withinsuggested regime. Biodiversity mayhave declined (1988/89 and 1993/94fires)

Water - - 7.75 0.47% N/A

Shale gully forest 1186.42 C 191.75 11.63% Biodiversity may be in decline due totwo high intensity fires in 20 years.No more fire until at least 2008/9.No high intensity fire.

Rainforest B type 115.26 D 14.75 0.89% Biodiversity may decline if there is afire.

Rainforest A type 207.26 D 36.19 2.19% Biodiversity may decline if there is afire.

Shale ridge forest 73.32 B 2.06 0.12% Fire frequency is currently withinsuggested regime. Biodiversity mayhave declined from two fires in eightyears (1988/89 and 1993/94 fires)


71.5 B 0.32 0.02% Fire frequency is currently withinsuggested regime. Biodiversity mayhave declined from two fires in eightyears (1988/89 and 1993/94 fires)



1965/66 315.98 19.16% 1984/85 0.30 0.02% 1968/69 401.88 24.37% 1988/89 1253.49 76.01% 1979/80 0.07 0% 1989/90 1.79 0.11% 1980/81 9.44 0.57% 1990/91 0.15 0.01% 1981/82 0.20 0.01% 1992/93 1.21 0.07% 1982/83 4.82 0.29% 1993/94 1646.67 99.85%


71


1977/78 13.29 0.81% 1984/85 19.97 1.21% 1980/81 3.22 0.20% 1985/86 10.20 0.62% 1982/83 9.35 0.57% 1986/87 0.21 0.01% 1983/84 75.12 4.56% 1989/90 0.27 0.02%

Loftus Management Area

Description of management area boundaries North – Princes Highway and Farnell Avenue East – Farnell Avenue and Audley Road South – Engadine Creek West – Princes Highway and Engadine Creek



Assets/inholdings within management area NPWS residence: Regional Manager’s residence Nursery and compound. Main powerlines to Audley Allambie Flat picnic area and toilet block Boatshed at Allambie Flat Old workshop on Audley Road Toll box present on Farnell Avenue

Rare or threatened Australian plants Thysanotus virgatus (Brittan) Threatened fauna Broad-billed sandpiper (Limicola falcinellus)

Powerful owl (Ninox strenua) Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) Little shearwater (Puffinus assimilus)

Cultural sites Aboriginal sites: axe-grinding grooves, midden, rock engraving,shelter with art, shelter with deposit European sites: Allambie Flat gardens Bridle Track is an historic walking track (stone culverts)

Operational information • Fire advantage: Kangaroo Creek• Phytophthora present southern side of Farnell Avenue to

powerlines. All firefighting vehicles should be disinfected atthe workshop wash-bay prior to travelling to other parts of thereserve

• Powerlines are present along Farnell Avenue• The old workshop site has underground fuel tanks• Vehicle water points: hydrants on Farnell Avenue• Helipad at Royal National Park office and Loftus Oval• Overhead water filler at workshop on Farnell Avenue• Access trail underneath powerlines along Farnell Avenue

Trails present • Loftus Ridge Trail is a dead end• Farnell Avenue is northern boundary• Loftus Heights fire trail


39.19 132.50 107.38 88.50


72

Map 33: Loftus Management Area and Fire Management Zones


73

Loftus Asset Protection Zone Location of zone: NPWS residence: Regional Manager’s residence

Nursery and compound Main powerlines to Audley Allambie Flat picnic area and toilet block Boatshed at Allambie Flat

Purpose: To provide a slashed fuel reduced zone around NPWS assets


(hectares)IN

RESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Ironstone woodland 1258.82 B 0.13 100% Area will be maintained byslashing when required.


0% 0% 0% 100%




1968/69 0.12 92.31% 1976/77 0.13 100%




1983/84 0.13 100%


74

Loftus Strategic Management Zone Location of zone: • Between southern side of Farnell Avenue and power line trail (behind

residence “Carlotta”)• Between southern side of Princes highway and northern side of Loftus

Heights fire trail to Farnell Avenue Purpose: To provide a fuel reduced zone to protect the NPWS assets and to slow

down the spread of fire east to Greys Point


(hectares)IN

RESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 0.13 0.59% Fire has generally occurred onridgetops. It is therefore likelythat the fire frequency iswithin suggested fire regime.Eastern side has had one fire(1993/94); western side has hadtwo fires (1991/92 and1993/94). Keep fires out ofgullies

Sandstone heath 5585.16 A 10.25 46.44% Biodiversity may be in declinein patches due to two fireswithin three years (1991/92and 1993/94). No fire before2002/3


Ironstone woodland 1258.82 B 4.13 18.71% Biodiversity may be in declinein patches due to two fireswithin three years (1991/92and 1993/94). No fire before2002/3

Shale ridge forest 73.32 B 7.5 33.98% Biodiversity may be in declinedue to two fires within threeyears (1991/92 and 1993/94).No fire before 2002/3


0% 9.34% 12.74% 77.92%




1968/69 21.06 95.47% 1984/85 0.26 1.18% 1975/76 3.20 14.51% 1991/92 18.63 84.45% 1976/77 22.08 100% 1993/94 10.31 46.74% 1982/83 0.20 0.91%




1981/82 12.55 56.88% 1987/88 8.17 37.03% 1983/84 4.47 20.27% 1989/90 1.09 4.92% 1985/86 8.17 37.03%


75

Loftus Heritage Management Zone Vegetation Communities

VEGETATIONCOMMUNITY

TOTAL(hectares)

INRESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 137.25 39.94% Biodiversity may decline if there is afire before 2013/2014. Biodiversitymay currently be in decline as thearea has had one to two fires since1991/92. No high intensity fires

Sandstone woodland 5309.3 B 23.25 6.73% Biodiversity may decline if there is afire before 2002/3

Sandstone heath 5585.16 A 73.94 21.41% Biodiversity may be in decline innorthern patches due to two fires in afive-year period. Biodiversity maydecline in other areas if a fire occursbefore 2002/2003


Ironstone woodland 1258.82 B 99.62 28.84% Biodiversity may decline if there is afire before 2002/3.

Water - - 4.13 1.20% N/A

Dry riparian scrub 93.25 D 0.06 0.02% Patches along the Hacking River didnot burn in 1993/94. If this is thecase, the fire frequency may be inaccordance with suggested fireregime. Biodiversity may decline if afire occurs

Shale ridge forest 73.32 B 0.63 0.18% Small patch (one of three inreserves). Biodiversity may decline ifthere is a fire before 2002/3.


71.5 B 3.31 0.96% Biodiversity may decline if there is afire before 2002/3.





1968/69 343.50 99.46% 1984/85 0.08 0.02% 1976/77 205.22 59.42% 1987/88 0.16 0.05% 1978/79 0.28 0.08% 1991/92 17.01 4.92% 1979/80 113.42 32.84% 1993/94 340.61 98.62% 1982/83 0.13 0.04%




1981/82 55.95 16.20% 1986/87 0.12 0.04% 1983/84 8.10 2.34% 1987/88 12.37 3.58% 1985/86 12.37 3.58% 1989/90 4.21 1.22%


76

Marley Management Area

Description of management area boundaries North – Bundeena Drive then Big Marley fire trail East – Big Marley fire trail then coast to Marley Beach South – Little Marley fire trail (Mowlee Ridge fire trail) West – Bundeena Drive

Size of management area (hectares) 1111.50 Zones present Heritage management zone (1111.5 hectares) Assets/inholdings within management area Nil Rare or threatened Australian plants None recorded Threatened fauna Powerful owl (Ninox strenua) Cultural sites Aboriginal sites: axe-grinding grooves, rock engraving, shelter

with deposit, shelter with midden Operational information • Water bucket out of Marley Lagoon

• Last kilometre of Little Marley fire trail impassable• Campers and bushwalkers may be present at Deer Pool, Little

Marley and Big Marley. Evacuation point: Marley Beach• Advantage line: old bulldozed trail off Bundeena Drive to rear

of Marley Lagoon• Vehicle water points: hydrants in Bundeena township• Helipads: Bundeena Drive and Maianbar Road; Wattamolla

and Bundeena Oval Trails present • Little Marley fire trail

• Big Marley fire trail• Deer Pool walking track


1.13 282.06 252.38 575.94


77

Map 34: Marley Management Area and Fire Management Zones


78

Marley Heritage Management Zone Vegetation Communities


INRESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 191.44 17.22% Scattered patches of sandstonegully forest present. Biodiversitymay be in decline because two firesoccurred in quick succession(1988/89 and 1993/94). No highintensity fires. No fires until atleast 2013/14.

Upland swamp 273.66 A 32.25 2.90% There have been two fires in theperiod 1988/89 to 1997/98.Biodiversity may be in decline ifthere is a fire before 2002/3.

Sandstone woodland 5309.3 B 74.13 6.67% There have been two fires in theperiod 1988/89 to 1997/98.Biodiversity may be in decline ifthere is a fire before 2002/3.

Sandstone heath 5585.16 A 753.88 67.82% There have been two fires in theperiod 1988/89 to 1997/98.Biodiversity may be in decline ifthere is a fire before 2002/3.


Rock pavement heath 63.9 A 5.13 0.46% There have been two fires in theperiod 1988/89 to 1997/98.Biodiversity may be in decline ifthere is a fire before 2002/3.

Water - - 0.12 0.01% N/A

Littoral forest 103.81 D 13.31 1.20% Biodiversity may decline if there isa fire. Biodiversity may currentlybe in decline as a result of 1993/94and 1988/89.

Beach strand 31.13 D 18.56 1.67% Biodiversity may decline if there isa fire.

Sand heath 21b 151.82 A 2.13 0.19% There have been two fires in theperiod 1988/89 to 1997/98.Biodiversity may be in decline ifthere is a fire before 2002/3.

Freshwater lagoon 33.19 D 18.06 0.18% Biodiversity may decline if there isa fire.


0.1% 25.38% 22.71% 51.82%




1968/69 327.10 29.43% 1988/89 1083.02 97.44% 1971/72 2.38 0.21% 1991/92 0.12 0.01% 1972/73 1.49 0.13% 1992/93 0.55 0.05% 1974/75 4.83 0.43% 1993/94 1105.95 99.50% 1976/77 525.60 47.29%




1985/86 0.22 0.02% 1986/87 2.50 0.23%


80

Reid’s Flat Management Area

Description of management area boundaries North – Florence Parade fire trail South – Audley and Hacking River West – Audley Road East – Grays Point

Size of management area (hectares) 65.25 hectares Zones Present Asset protection zone (1.44 hectares)


Assets/inholdings within management area • NPWS residences: ‘Reids Flat’ and ‘Bandy Bandy’• NPWS Regional Office and Visitor Centre• Old post office, NPWS flats• Gas barbeques, toilets and picnic tables at Reids Flat. NPWS

boat ramp• Bungoona Lookout and disabled/walking track• Bungoona Lookout picnic area• Field Studies Centre• Honeymoon walking track has wooden bridges• Powerlines and telephone lines from old workshop site to

Reids Flat Rare or threatened Australian plants None recorded. Threatened fauna Giant burrowing frog (Heleioporus australiacus)

Powerful owl (Ninox strenua) Cultural sites Aboriginal sites: midden, shelter with art, shelter with deposit,

shelter with midden European sites: seawalls; old sawmill at rear of Reids Flatresidence; zig-zag track (handpacked walls, boxed culverts)

Operational information • Steep terrain and limited access• Exclude fire from rainforest gully and margins near NPWS boat

ramp• Boat launching site• Telephone lines and power lines present to Reids Flat• Gas bottles at residences and Reids Flat picnic area• Hydrants present at Regional Office, Farnell Avenue and

Audley• Honeymoon walking track

Trails present • Vehicular access to Wants Beach picnic area• Walking track along Hacking River to Grays Point


16 28 12.31 8.94


81

Map 60: Reid’s Flat Management Area and Fire Management Zones


82

Reids Flat Asset Protection Zone Location of zone: Slash fuel reduced zone around NPWS residences (Reids Flat and

Operations Manager residence), Royal National Park office and VisitorCentre, old post office and NPWS flats, Field Study Centre

Purpose: To provide a slashed fuel reduced zone around NPWS assets



FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 1.25 86.81% These areas will be slashed toprovide fuel reduced zones aroundthe structures.




0% 9.03% 0% 90.97%


1968/69 1.44 100% 1982/83 0.26 18.06% 1976/77 1.44 100% 1991/92 0.06 4.17% 1978/79 0.06 4.17% 1993/94 1.44 100%


1984/85 1.11 77.08% 1990/91 0.38 26.67% 1988/89 0.29 20.35%

Reids Flat Strategic Management Zone Location of zone: Strip burn approximately 30 metres deep adjacent to residential area at

Grays Point to Hacking River Purpose: Maintain a fuel reduced zone to provide protection for Grays Point



FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 0.13 12.26% Unlikely that the prescribed burn in1988/89 affected the sandstonegully forest. Another fire before2002/3 may cause a loss inbiodiversity.

Sandstone woodland 5309.3 B 0.56 52.83% Biodiversity is not expected todecline if there are two fires before2005/6.

Water - - 0.06 5.66% N/A


71.5 B 0.31 29.25% Biodiversity is not expected todecline if there are two fires before2005/6.

Bushfire Behaviour Potential % of Zone HIGHER MEDIUM LOWER NEGLIGIBLE 29.25% 65.09% 0% 5.66%


1976/77 0.46 43.40% 1993/94 0.98 92.36% 1982/83 0.43 40.57%


83


1986/87 0.18 16.70% 1993/94 0.09 8.40% 1988/89 0.47 43.96%

Reids Flat Heritage Management Zone Vegetation Communities


INRESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 31.68 49.25% Unlikely that the prescribedburn in 1988/89 affected thesandstone gully forest. Anotherfire before 2003/4 may cause aloss in biodiversity.

Sandstone woodland 5309.3 B 11.07 17.21% Biodiversity is not expected todecline if there are two firesbefore 2003/4.

Sandstone heath 5585.16 A 0.94 1.46% Biodiversity is not expected todecline if there are two firesbefore 2003/4.


Ironstone woodland 1258.82 B 1.81 2.81% Biodiversity is not expected todecline if there are two firesbefore 2003/4.

Water - - 2.88 4.48% N/A

Tall dry forest (Lower Hacking) 71.5 B 13.69 21.28% Biodiversity is not expected todecline if there are two firesbefore 2003/4.


25% 43.31% 19.62% 12.06%




1968/69 52.64 83.88% 1990/91 0.08 0.13% 1976/77 61.33 97.74% 1991/92 0.16 0.26% 1977/78 1.04 1.66% 1993/94 60.25 96.02% 1982/83 21.46 34.20%




1980/81 0.07 0.11% 1987/88 0.17 0.27% 1984/85 6.92 11.03% 1989/90 0.69 1.09% 1985/86 0.72 1.15% 1990/91 0.70 1.11% 1986/87 0.77 1.23% 1993/94 0.24 0.38%


84

South West Creek Management Area

Description of management area boundaries South and west: Sir Bertram Stevens Drive North: Winifred Falls walking trarck East: Mount Bass fire trail and Bundeena Drive

Size of management area (hectares) 692.06 Zones present Strategic management zone (33.39 hectares)

Heritage management zone (658.70 hectares) Assets/inholdings within management area Flat Rock Creek ca rpark Rare or threatened Australian plants Eucalyptus camfieldii (Maiden)

Darwinia diminuta (B. Briggs) Threatened fauna Powerful owl (Ninox strenua)

Red-crowned toadlet (Pseudophryne australis) Sooty owl (Tyto tenebricosa) Heath monitor (Varanus rosenbergii) Regent honeyeater (Xanthomyza phrygia)

Cultural sites Aboriginal sites: axe-grinding groove, midden, rock engraving,shelter with art

Operational information • Mount Bass fire trail a dead end and four-wheel-drive access.• Large proportion of the reserves’ dry riparian scrub occurs in

this management area• Winifred Falls walking track• Winifred Falls walking track is negotiable by four-wheel-drive

for the first kilometre from Warrumbul Road• Helipad: Chinamans helipad off Sir Bertram Stevens Drive• Vehcile water point: hydrants at Maianbar township or

Audley• Helicopter water bucket from South West Arm

Trails present Mount Bass fire trail


26.63 181.63 199.25 283.56


85

Map 35: South West Arm Creek Management Area and Fire Management Zones


86

South West Creek Strategic Management Zone Location of zone: 30-metre hazard reduction along Sir Bertram Stevens Drive (from Artillery

Hill to Wises Track north entrance) Purpose: To assist in the control of fire travelling west to east, thus assisting in the

protection of Bundeena and Maianbar


(hectares)IN

RESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone heath 5585.16 A 13.56 41.65% There have been two fires in theperiod 1988/89 to 1997/98.Biodiversity may be in decline ifthere is a fire before 2002/3.


Ironstone woodland 1258.82 B 16.56 50.86% There have been two fires in theperiod 1988/89 to 1997/98.Biodiversity may be in decline ifthere is a fire before 2002/3.

Shale ridge forest 73.32 B 1.63 5.01% There have been two fires in theperiod 1988/89 to 1997/98.Biodiversity may be in decline ifthere is a fire before 2002/3.


0% 18.61% 11.15% 70.25%




1966/67 33.34 99.85% 1977/78 1.90 5.69% 1968/69 33.39 100% 1988/89 32.74 98.05% 1974/75 0.24 0.72% 1993/94 33.39 100%




1977/78 194.15 29.47% 1984/85 0.23 0.04% 1980/81 0.17 0.03% 1985/86 1.13 0.17% 1982/83 0.29 0.04% 1986/87 11.71 1.78%


87

South West Creek Heritage Management Zone Vegetation Communities


INRESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 163.81 22.37% Suggested fire regime may be indecline. No fires until at least2013/14. No high intensity fires.

Upland swamp 273.66 A 81.9 11.19% During the period 1988/89 to1998/99 there were two fires.Biodiversity may decline if there isfire before 2002/3.

Sandstone woodland 5309.3 B 64.69 8.83% During the period 1988/89 to1998/99 there were two fires.Biodiversity may decline if there isfire before 2002/3.

Sandstone heath 5585.16 A 373.19 50.97% During the period 1988/89 to1998/99 there were two fires.Biodiversity may decline if there isfire before 2002/3.


Ironstone woodland 1258.82 B 17.25 2.36% During the period 1988/89 to1998/99 there were two fires.Biodiversity may decline if there isfire before 2002/3.

Rock pavement heath 63.9 A 10.63 1.45% During the period 1988/89 to1998/99 there were two fires.Biodiversity may decline if there isfire before 2002/3.


Shale ridge forest 73.32 B 6.93 0.95% During the period 1988/89 to1998/99 there were two fires.Biodiversity may decline if there isfire before 2002/3.


4.04% 26.66% 29.71% 39.59%




1965/66 226.10 34.32% 1986/87 0.41 0.06% 1968/69 658.71 100% 1987/88 0.27 0.04% 1972/73 0.22 0.03% 1988/89 657.07 99.75% 1974/75 6.06 0.92% 1991/92 0.24 0.04% 1975/76 0.52 0.08% 1992/93 0.08 0.01% 1976/77 0.89 0.13% 1993/94 658.71 100% 1977/78 44.37 6.74% 1979/80 0.12 0.02%




1977/78 194.15 29.47% 1984/85 0.23 0.04% 1980/81 0.17 0.03% 1985/86 1.13 0.17% 1982/83 0.29 0.04% 1986/87 11.71 1.78%


89

Temptation Management Area

Description of management area boundaries North – Temptation Creek fire trail West – Old Princes highway South – Farnell Avenue East – Florence Parade fire trail



Assets/inholdings within Management Area Loftus Tram Museum Loftus Oval buildings Tram shed at Loftus Gardeners cottage/garage NPWS workshop Tram line and NPWS railway station Toll box present on Farnell Avenue Main power line adjacent to Farnell Avenue

Rare or threatened Australian plants Genoplesium baueri (R. Br.) Threatened fauna Red-crowned toadlet (Pseudophryne australis) Cultural sites Aboriginal sites: axe-grinding groove, shelter with art, shelter with

deposit European sites: Rawson Parade is an historic road. No vehicularaccess, walking access only.

Operational information • Rawson Parade is not to be used by vehicles. Historic road,cobblestone in places

• Access on north site of tramline• HazChem stored at workshop• Overhead filler present at workshop• Hydrants along Farnell Avenue• Access trail underneath powerlines along Farnell Avenue• Helipad at Royal National Park office and Loftus Oval• Temptation Creek fire trail and the tramline access trail are

four-wheel-drive access.• Fire advantage: old fire trail network north-east of tram

museum• Water drafting points: Temptation Creek crossing• Vehicle water points: Grays Point residential hydrants• Water bucket pick-up: Hacking River

Trails present • Florence Parade (two-wheel-drive) fire trail• Temptation Creek (four-wheel-drive) fire trail• Tram line access trail (four-wheel-drive)


6.06 38.82 33.63 138.37


90

Map 36: Temptation Management Area and Fire Management Zones


91

Temptation Asset Protection Zone Location of zone: Slashed fuel reduced zones around workshop, railway station, Loftus Oval,

tram shed, gardener’s cottage and the toll box. Purpose: To provide a slashed fuel reduced zone around NPWS assets and Loftus

Oval.



FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 0.69 9.76% Maintain a fuel reduced zonearound the assets viaslashing/mowing.

Cleared land - - 2.5 35.36%

Shale ridge forest 73.32 B 3.88 54.88%


0% 9.76% 0% 90.24%


1968/69 5.07 71.71% 1986/87 2.46 34.79% 1976/77 0.86 12.16% 1991/92 5.78 81.75% 1977/78 1.55 21.92% 1993/94 3.47 49.08% 1982/83 0.13 1.84%


1984/85 0.73 10.33% 1988/89 0.41 5.79% 1986/87 4.76 67.34% 1989/90 0.29 4.07%

Temptation Strategic Management Zone Location of zone: Strategic management zone is located on the eastern side of Rawson Road, between

the tram museum and Royal National Park office, along Florence Parade andTemptation Creek fire trail then via old trail system to old tram museum

Purpose: To provide protection to assets and to slow the spread of fire east to Greys Point



FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 1.94 1.69% 1991/92 and 1993/94 fire seasonshave affected this site. Biodiversitymay be in decline. Keep fire out ofgully

Sandstone woodland 5309.3 B 81 70.51% Biodiversity may have declined as aresult of 1991/92 and 1993/94 fireseasons. However, a fire before2005/6 will be within suggested fireregime

Sandstone heath 5585.16 A 11.81 10.28% Biodiversity may have declined as aresult of 1991/92 and 1993/94 fireseasons. A fire before 2005/6 maycontribute to a loss in biodiversity

Ironstone woodland 1258.82 B 19.63 17.09% Biodiversity may have declined as aresult of 1991/92 and 1993/94 fireseasons. However, a fire before2005/6 will be within suggested fireregime


92

Shale Ridge Forest 73.32 B 0.5 0.44% Biodiversity may have declined as aresult of 1991/92 and 1993/94 fireseasons. However, a fire before2005/6 will be within suggested fireregime.


3.75% 28.73% 18.72% 48.80%




1968/69 109.90 95.67% 1987/88 0.08 0.07% 1976/77 115.14 100% 1991/92 115.03 100% 1982/83 102.26 89.02% 1993/94 115.17 100%




1984/85 1.21 1.05%

Temptation Heritage Management Zone Vegetation Communities

VEGETATIONCOMMUNITY


FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 2.43 2.34% 1991/92 and 1993/94 fire seasonshave impacted on this site.Biodiversity may be in decline. Nofire at least until 2013/14. No highintensity fire

Sandstone woodland 5309.3 B 13.56 13.05% Biodiversity may have declined as aresult of 1991/92 and 1993/94 fireseasons. A fire before 2005/6 will bewithin suggested fire regime

Sandstone heath 5585.16 A 33.44 32.18% Biodiversity may have declined as aresult of 1991/92 and 1993/94 fireseasons. A fire before 2005/6 maycontribute to a loss in biodiversity

Cleared land - - 11.06 10.64% N/A

Ironstone woodland 1258.82 B 21.62 20.80% Biodiversity may have declined as aresult of 1991/92 and 1993/94 fireseasons. A fire before 2005/6 will bewithin the suggested fire regime

Shale ridge forest 73.32 B 21.81 20.99% Biodiversity may have declined as aresult of 1991/92 and 1993/94 fireseasons. A fire before 2005/6 will bewithin the suggested fire regime.


1.84% 5.40% 12.78% 79.98%




1968/69 67.70 71.31% 1982/83 25.98 27.36% 1971/72 4.83 5.08% 1984/85 0.08 0.08% 1974/75 11.56 12.18% 1986/87 2.66 2.80% 1975/76 0.32 0.33% 1987/88 1.69 1.78% 1976/77 53.70 56.56% 1988/89 0.34 0.36%


93

1977/78 17.80 18.75% 1991/92 83.96 88.43% 1979/80 0.21 0.22% 1993/94 77.50 81.63% 1981/82 0.17 0.18%




1984/85 1.40 1.48% 1988/89 15.72 16.56% 1985/86 9.81 10.34% 1989/90 10.16 10.71% 1986/87 13.57 14.29%

The Meadows Management Area

Description of management area boundaries North – Hacking River West – Hacking River and Artillery Hill Road South – Sir Bertram Stevens Drive and Warumbul Road East – Gundamain Road



Assets/inholdings within management area Water supply line from Audley to Bundeena NPWS water supply line from Winifred Fall trail to Warrumbul. Pool Flat picnic area and toilet block Water supply line from Old Visitors Centre to Pool Flat Artillery Hill tip (building materials)

Rare or threatened Australian plants Eucalyptus camfieldii (Maiden) Lomandra brevis (A. Lee) Tetratheca neglecta (J. Thompson)

Threatened fauna Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) Cultural sites Aboriginal sites: abraded grooves, axe grinding grooves, midden,

rock engraving, shelter with art, shelter with deposit, shelter withmidden European sites: historic road from Old Audley Visitor’s Centre upArtillery Hill to rear of tip Historic building ruins at Point Danger

Operational information • The Meadows fire trail is a dead end• Potential hand tool line off the Meadows fire trail down to

Muddy Creek• Advantage lines: Winifred Falls walking track• The Meadows fire trail four-wheel-drive• Helipad: Royal National Park office, Church Camp, Grays Point

Oval• Water bucket pickup: Hacking River• Vehicle water points: hydrants in Farnell Avenue, Audley and

overhead filler at workshop Trails present • Warumbul Road (west-east) and Gundamain Road (north-

south)• The Meadows fire trail (gated) (north-south)


36.25 89.38 214.88 285.75


94

Map 38: The Meadows Management Area and Fire Management Zones


95

The Meadows Asset Protection Zone Location of zone: Ranger’s residence opposite the dancehall Purpose: To provide a slashed fuel reduced zone around Ranger’s residence


(hectares)IN

RESERVE

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 0.88 73.33% This area will be slashed. Afire will not contribute to aloss in biodiversity.

Cleared land - - 0.18 10.83%


71.5 B 0.19 15.83%


9.85% 52.27% 23.48% 14.39%




No wild fires recorded





The Meadows Strategic Management Zone Location of zone: 30 metres hazard reduction along Sir Bertram Stevens Drive (from Artillery

Hill to Wises Track north entrance) Purpose: To slow down the progress of fire travelling west to east


TOTAL(hectares)

INRESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone woodland 5309.3 B 0.06 0.57% Two fires or less before 2003/4 willbe within the suggested fire regime

Sandstone heath 5585.16 A 0.69 6.61% A fire before 2003/4 will be withinthe suggested fire regime


Ironstone woodland 1258.82 B 9.56 91.57% Two fires or less before 2003/4 willbe within the suggested fire regime


0% 6.03% 43.10% 50.86%




1965/66 3.09 29.60% 1988/89 0.15 1.44% 1976/77 6.22 59.55% 1993/94 10.12 96.93%



96



% OF ZONE

1980/81 10.12 96.93%


97

The Meadows Heritage Management Zone Vegetation Communities


INRESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 162.87 26.47% Occurs along Cabbage Tree Creek.Another fire before 20013/14 willbring the community within thesuggested fire regime. No highintensity fires

Upland swamp 273.66 A 3.06 0.50% Has had one fire (1993/94). Twofires before 2003/4 will exceed thesuggested fire regime

Sandstone woodland 5309.3 B 237.32 38.57% Two fires or less before 2005/6 willbe within the suggested fire regime

Sandstone heath 5585.16 A 152.5 24.78% Majority of sandstone heathexperienced 1993/94 fire and1980/81 prescribed burn. Two firesbefore 2002/3 may exceedsuggested fire regime


Ironstone woodland 1258.82 B 30.57 4.97% Two fires or less before 2005/6 willbe within the suggested fire regime

Water - - 4.19 0.68% N/A


71.5 B 14.81 2.41% Two fires or less before 2005/6 willbe within the suggested fire regime

Mangrove 20.31 A 6.31 1.03% Biodiversity decline may occur if afire occurs

Saltmarsh 19.82 A 0.56 0.09% Biodiversity decline may occur if afire occurs

Fringe forest 7.19 0.38 0.06% N/A


5.88% 14.33% 34.19% 45.61%




1965/66 7.41 1.21% 1988/89 0.22 0.04% 1966/67 235.47 38.32% 1989/90 3.86 0.63% 1968/69 410.24 66.76% 1991/92 0.56 0.09% 1976/77 604.99 98.45% 1993/94 608.12 98.96%




1980/81 394.44 64.19% 1986/87 5.56 0.90% 1982/83 1.18 0.19% 1988/89 1.28 0.21% 1983/84 1.02 0.17% 1989/90 1.28 0.21%


98

Uloola Management Area

Description of management area boundaries North – Karloo Pool West – Kangaroo Creek East – Uloola Brook to Uloola Swamp then Uloola Falls fire trail toWaterfall



Assets/inholdings within management area Waterfall Rural Fire Service fire station, Waterfall school, State RailAuthority houses in between Rural Fire Service and Waterfallschool adjacent to the area

Rare or threatened Australian plants Darwinia biflora (B. Briggs) Darwinia grandiflora (Benth) Hibbertia nitida (Benth) Eucalyptus leuhmanniana (F. Muell) Eucalyptus camfieldii (Maiden) Melaleuca deanei (F. Muell) Lomandra brevis (A. Lee) Lomandra fluviatilis (R. Br) Burnettia cuneata (Lindley)

Threatened fauna None recorded Cultural sites Aboriginal sites: abraded grooves, axe grinding groove, rock

engraving, shelter with art, shelter with deposit Operational information • Area regularly used during summer for swimming and walking

at Karloo Pools• Fire Advantages: Uloola walking track and Karloo Pools

walking track• Waterfall Oval can used as an evacuation point for Waterfall

school/Uloola campers/bushwalkers• Helipad: Waterfall Oval, Royal National Park office, Peach

Tree Trig (0.5 kilometres north-east of Uloola Falls), UloolaTurrets on Karloo Track north-west of Uloola Falls, UloolaFalls fire trail (southern end of Uloola Swamp) and northernend of Uloola Falls fire trail, Uloola Falls fire trail (CallaghansTor), Heathcote Oval

• Helicopter water points: pools along Hacking River, KarlooPool

• Vehicle water points: hydrants at Audley and Waterfall Trails present Uloola fire trail (access via Waterfall Oval) Bushfire behaviour potential (hectares) High Medium Low Negligible

15.69 150.37 232.76 270.87


99

Map 39: Uloola Management Area and Fire Management Zones


100

Uloola Asset Protection Zone Location of zone: Waterfall Rural Fire Service fire station, Waterfall school, State Rail

Authority houses in between Rural Fire Service and Waterfall school Purpose: Provide a fuel reduced zone to afford protection to Waterfall


(hectares)IN

RESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Cleared land - - 0.25 56.82% Maintain zone by slashing.



0% 0% 0% 100%




1980/81 0.13 27.08% 1993/94 0.18 37.50%





Uloola Strategic Management Zone Location of zone: Strategic zone is on Uloola Heights Purpose: To prevent west-east movement of fire


(hectares)IN

RESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone woodland 5309.3 B 35.63 95.96% Biodiversity is not expected todecline if a fire occurs.

Sandstone heath 5585.16 A 1.5 4.04 Biodiversity is not expected todecline if a fire occurs.


1.19% 11.45% 44.28% 43.09%




No wild fires recorded






101

Uloola Heritage Management Zone Vegetation Communities


INRESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 154 24.35% In the 20 yr period 1975/76 to1995/96 there have been three highintensity fires. Biodiversity maycurrently be in decline. Future firesshould be avoided

Upland swamp 273.66 A 28.19 4.46% Biodiversity is not likely to declineif a fire occurs before 2001/2

Sandstone woodland 5309.3 B 279.93 44.27% Biodiversity is not likely to declineif a fire occurs before 2001/2

Sandstone heath 5585.16 A 145.94 23.08% Biodiversity is not likely to declineif a fire occurs before 2001/2


Ironstone woodland 1258.82 B 18 2.85% Biodiversity is not likely to declineif a fire occurs

Dry riparian scrub 93.25 D 3.88 0.61% Biodiversity decline may occur if afire occurs


2.41% 23.12% 34.22% 40.25%




1971/72 1.51 0.24% 1980/81 425.07 67.25% 1975/76 328.79 52.01% 1993/94 632.12 100% 1976/77 5.09 0.81%




1981/82 0.52 0.08%


102

Warumbul Management Area

Description of management area boundaries North – Port Hacking, including Gundamain, Deer Park, GogerleysPoint, Warumbul South – Winifred Falls and South West Arm East – Port Hacking West – Gundamain Road and Winifred Falls fire trail



Assets/inholdings within management area • Anglican youth camps• NPWS residences: Warumbul, Hilltop, Weemalah.• NPWS water line from Winifred Fall trail to Warumbul and

from junction of Warumbul Road/Gundamain Road turn-off toHilltop and church camps

• Toilet block and picnic area at Warumbul• Overhead telephone line between Gogerleys Point to

Weemalah residence Rare or threatened Australian plants None recorded Threatened fauna Powerful owl (Ninox strenua)

Masked owl (Tyto novaehollandiae) Sooty owl (Tyto tenebricosa)

Cultural sites Aboriginal sites: axe-grinding groove, midden, rock engraving,shelter with art, shelter with midden European sites: Lamonts ruins, Gogerlys cottage ruins, old watersupply dams (Carruthers Bay, Dark Bay Creek and Warumbul)

Operational information • Boat access via South West Arm and Port Hacking• Fire advantage: Winifred falls walking trail• Gundamain fire trail (gravel, four-wheel-drive)• Water bucket out of Hacking River• Helipad: Royal National Park office, Church Camp, Grays Point

Oval• Vehicle water points: Audley and Farnell Avenue hydrants

Trails present Vehicular access to NPWS residences, church camps and picnicareas Gundamain fire trail


18.50 108.81 105.25 136.06


103

Map 40: Warumbul Management Area and Fire Management Zones


104

Warumbul Asset Protection Zone Location of zone: Anglican youth camps, NPWS residences (Weemalah, Hilltop and

Warumbul) Purpose: To provide a slashed fuel reduced zone around NPWS assets


TOTAL(hectares)

INRESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 5.69 69.99% These areas are to beslashed/mowed as required.

Cleared land - - 1.25 15.38%


71.5 B 1.19 14.64%


0% 9.39% 46.35% 44.25%




1965/66 0.19 4.97% 1976/77 1.88 49.21% 1966/67 2.00 52.36% 1993/94 0.78 20.42%




1985/86 3.67 95.97% 1989/90 1.54 40.26% 1986/87 3.04 79.69% 1991/92 1.54 40.26% 1988/89 2.24 58.72%

Warumbul Strategic Management Zone Location of zone: Gundamain Point Purpose: To provide a fuel reduced zone around structures at Gundamain


(hectares)IN

RESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 1 94.34% Biodiversity is not expectedto decline if a fire occursbefore 2010/2011.


71.5 B 0.06 5.66% Biodiversity is not expectedto decline if there are twofires before 2005/6.


0% 5.61% 12.15% 82.24%




1966/67 1.07 86.99% 1993/94 1.23 100% 1976/77 1.21 98.7%



105



% OF ZONE

1980/81 10.12 96.93%

Warumbul Heritage Management Zone Vegetation Communities

VEGETATIONCOMMUNITY

TOTAL(hectares)

INRESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 196.5 54.68% Biodiversity is not expected todecline if a fire occurs before2010/2011. High intensity firesshould be avoided

Sandstone woodland 5309.3 B 30.81 8.57% Biodiversity is not expected todecline if there are two fires before2002/3

Sandstone heath 5585.16 A 106.06 29.51% Biodiversity is not expected todecline if there are two fires before2002/3


Ironstone woodland 1258.82 B 4.06 1.13% Biodiversity is not expected todecline if there are two fires before2002/3

Water - - 9.69 2.70% N/A


71.5 B 11.56 3.22% Biodiversity is not expected todecline if there are two fires before2002/3


5.15% 30.04% 28.20% 36.61%




1965/66 120.87 33.26% 1986/87 0.42 0.12% 1966/67 155.39 42.75% 1988/89 2.19 0.60% 1968/69 25.09 6.90% 1989/90 1.63 0.45% 1972/73 9.56 2.63% 1990/91 0.12 0.03% 1975/76 3.00 0.83% 1991/92 0.54 0.15% 1976/77 343.97 94.64% 1993/94 354.00 97.39%




1977/78 0.29 0.08% 1989/90 0.71 0.20% 1980/81 0.75 0.21% 1990/91 4.55 1.25% 1985/86 8.38 2.31% 1991/92 0.43 0.12% 1986/87 5.26 1.45%


106

Wattamolla Management Area

Description of management area boundaries North – Little Marley fire trail East – Coastline South – Wattamolla Road West – Bundeena Drive


Heritage management zone (938.64 hectares) Assets/inholdings within management area Kiosk at Wattamolla Rare or threatened Australian plants Diuris aequalis Threatened fauna None recorded Cultural sites Aboriginal sites: abraded grooves, axe grinding groove, rock

engraving, shelter with deposit, shelter with midden European sites: old gun emplacement site at Wattamolla

Operational information • Water source: Wattamolla Dam for drafting• Water source: two-inch hydrant at top level car park• Shrapnel Hill fire trail (dead end trail, four-wheel-drive access

only)• Little Marley fire trail is a dead end, last 100 metres is

untrafficable. Four-wheel-drive access only• Fire advantage: Coast Walk track (no vehicular access)• Helicopter water supply: Wattamolla lagoon/cove, Marley

Lagoon• Wattamolla car park/picnic area can be used as an evacuation

point• Helipad within Wattamolla picnic area, Boy Martin Point and

Wattamolla turnoff Trails present Shrapnel Hill fire trail

Wattamolla Road (bitumen) Bundeena Drive (bitumen) Little Marley fire trail


3.19 257.63 184.13 495.44


107

Map 41: Wattamolla Management Area and Fire Management Zones


108

Wattamolla Asset Protection Zone Location of zone: Picnic area, toilets and kiosk Purpose: Protect the picnic area facilities and provide a refuge or safe area for

visitors


(hectares)IN

RESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Cleared land - - 1.31 83.97% This area will bemaintained by slashingwhen required.Minimise impact onlittoral rainforest.

Water - - 0.06 3.85% Littoral forest 103.81 D 0.19 12.18%


0% 0% 0% 100%




1985/86 1.00 57.14% 1993/94 0.27 15.43% 1988/89 1.05 60.00%




1984/85 1.49 85.09%


109

Wattamolla Heritage Management Zone Vegetation Communities


INRESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 144.75 15.42% Scattered patches of sandstonegully forest present. Biodiversitymay be in decline because two fireshave occurred in quick succession(1988/89 and 1993/94). No highintensity fires. No fires until atleast 2013/14

Upland swamp 273.66 A 11.94 1.27% There have been two fires in theperiod 1988/89 to 1997/98.Biodiversity may be in decline ifthere is a fire before 2002/3

Sandstone woodland 5309.3 B 9.69 1.03% There have been two fires in theperiod 1988/89 to 1997/98.Biodiversity may be in decline ifthere is a fire before 2002/3

Sandstone heath 5585.16 A 735.44 78.34% There have been two fires in theperiod 1988/89 to 1997/98.Biodiversity may be in decline ifthere is a fire before 2002/3


Rock pavement heath 63.9 A 4.38 0.47% There have been two fires in theperiod 1988/89 to 1997/98.Biodiversity may be in decline ifthere is a fire before 2002/3

Water - - 3.19 0.34% N/A

Littoral forest 103.81 D 6.06 0.65% There have been two fires in theperiod 1988/89 to 1997/98.Biodiversity may be in decline ifthere is a fire before 2002/3

Beach strand 31.13 D 4.06 0.43% Biodiversity may decline if there isa fire

Headland heath 85.07 A 18.38 1.96% There have been two fires in theperiod 1988/89 to 1997/98.Biodiversity may be in decline ifthere is a fire before 2002/3


0.34% 27.45% 19.62% 52.60%




1968/69 866.61 92.33% 1984/85 0.14 0.01% 1972/73 2.06 0.22% 1985/86 1.19 0.13% 1977/78 67.15 7.15% 1988/89 924.95 98.54% 1979/80 25.39 2.71% 1992/93 0.13 0.01% 1981/82 1.83 0.19% 1993/94 926.30 98.69% 1982/83 0.26 0.03%




1984/85 37.27 3.97% 1986/87 2.12 0.23% 1985/86 1.51 0.16%


111

Wises Management Area

Description of management area boundaries North – Sir Bertram Stevens Drive West – Wises Track South – Sir Bertram Stevens Drive East – Sir Bertram Stevens Drive

Size of management area (hectares) 470.13 Zones present Heritage management zone (470.13 hectares) Assets/inholdings within management area Crystal Pool car park Rare or threatened Australian plants Eucalyptus camfieldii (Maiden)

Eucalyptus luehmanniana (F. Muell) Genoplesium baueri (R. Br) Papillilabium beckleri (Benth)

Threatened fauna Giant burrowing frog (Heleioporus australiacus) Powerful owl (Ninox strenua) Masked owl (Tyto novaehollandiae) Sooty owl (Tyto tenebricosa)

Cultural sites Aboriginal sites: axe-grinding groove, rock engraving, shelter withart

Operational information • Priority should be given to prevent fire impacting on marginsof rainforest in gullies

• Wises Track conditions (Heartbreak Hill to the south anderosion to the north) create access problems for heavy tankers

• Karani Ridge fire trail is four-wheel-drive and a dead end• Do not drive off formed trails, construct new trails or displace

rocks on or along ridges if possible (broad-headed snakehabitat)

• Evacuation: Crystal Pools car park and picnic area users to beevacuated to Audley or Wattamolla

• Helicopter water source: water holes along South WestArm/Flat Rock Creek

• Vehicle water source: hydrants at Maianbar and Audley.Drafting is not possible from creeks due to lack of access

• Helipads: Chinamans and Wattamolla turnoff Trails present • Wises Track

• Karani Ridge fire trail Bushfire behaviour potential (hectares) High Medium Low Negligible

0.63 36.31 193.31 239.88


112

Map 42: Wises Management Area and Fire Management Zones


113

Wises Heritage Management Zone Vegetation Communities


INRESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 72.5 15.42% In the 20-year period from1977/78 to 1997/98 there havebeen two intense fires. Biodiversitymay be in decline. Where possible,avoid further high intensity fire inthis area.

Upland swamp 273.66 A 10.81 2.30% During the period 1988/89 to1998/99 there were two fires.Avoid fire before 2002/3.

Sandstone woodland 5309.3 B 77.13 16.41% During the period 1988/89 to1998/99 there were two fires.Avoid fire before 2002/3.

Sandstone heath 5585.16 A 303.94 64.65% During the period 1988/89 to1998/99 there were two fires.Avoid fire before 2002/3.

Rock pavement heath 63.9 A 5.75 1.22% During the period 1988/89 to1998/99 there were two fires.Avoid fire before 2002/3.


0.13% 7.72% 41.12% 51.02%




1965/66 0.13 0.03% 1981/82 0.10 0.02% 1968/69 130.61 27.79% 1982/83 0.48 0.10% 1972/73 0.31 0.07% 1984/85 0.19 0.04% 1977/78 0.57 0.12% 1988/89 469.81 99.97% 1979/80 0.25 0.05% 1993/94 469.81 99.97%




1977/78 440.77 93.79% 1985/86 4.68 1% 1984/85 12.74 2.71% 1986/87 0.40 0.09%


114

Yarrawarrah Management Area

Description of management area boundaries North – Heathcote along Karloo Pools walking track to KarlooPool East – Kangaroo Creek to Waterfall West – Princes Highway


Heritage management zone (900.99 hectares) Assets/inholdings within management area Rural Fire Service fire control centre and Heathcote Oval Rare or threatened Australian plants Eucalyptus camfieldii (Maiden)

Tetratheca neglecta (J. Thompson) Threatened fauna Square-tailed kite (Lophoictinia isura)

Heath monitor (Varanus rosenbergii) Cultural sites Aboriginal sites: axe-grinding groove, open campsite, rock

engraving, shelter with art, shelter with deposit, stone arrangement European site: old historic railway dam ‘Goonderra’

Operational information • Locked railway gates, NPWS do not have keys to these gates• Evacuation point at Karloo Pool via helicopter• If possible, exclude fire from swamps• Helipad: Waterfall Oval, Heathcote Oval• Helicopter water source: Karloo Pool and possibly Goonderra

Dam• Karloo walking track

Trails present State Rail Authority access trail parallel to railway lineBushfire behaviour potential (hectares) High Medium Low Negligible

37.81 248.81 212.31 402.32


115

Map 43: Yarrawarrah Management Area and Fire Management Zones


116

Yarrawarrah Asset Protection ZoneLocation of zone: Located around Rural Fire Service fire control centre and Heathcote OvalPurpose: To provide a fuel reduced zone around Heathcote


(hectares)IN

RESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Cleared land - - 0.06 50% This zone will bemaintained byslashing.

Ironstone woodland 1258.82 B 0.06 50%


0% 50% 0% 50%



(hectares)% OF ZONE

1968/69 0.13 50% 1993/94 0.26 100%1979/80 0.13 50%



(hectares)% OF ZONE


YARRAWARRAH HERITAGE MANAGEMENT ZONEVegetation Communities


INRESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 233.44 25.90% In the 20-year period 1974/75 to1994/95 there have been three highintensity fires. Biodiversity maycurrently be in decline. Avoid anyhigh intensity fires

Upland swamp 273.66 A 9.25 1.03% Small patches along westernboundary. Biodiversity is notexpected to decline if two firesoccur before 2001/2

Sandstone woodland 5309.3 B 505.25 56.06% Biodiversity is not expected todecline if two fires occur before2001/2

Sandstone heath 5585.16 A 78.63 8.72% Small patches occur along UloolaRidge, Gooingal Ridge andKangaroo Ridge. Biodiversity is notexpected to decline if two firesoccur before 2001/2


Ironstone woodland 1258.82 B 47.82 5.31% Occurs immediately belowHeathcote. This area has had threefires 1980/81, 1987/88 and1993/94. Biodiversity is notexpected to decline if two firesoccur before 2001/2


117

Dry riparian scrub 93.25 D 3.94 0.44% Biodiversity may decline if there isa fire


4.20% 27.60% 23.56% 44.64%



(hectares)% OF ZONE

1968/69 263.47 29.24% 1980/81 799.50 88.74%1971/72 39.75 4.41% 1982/83 0.25 0.03%1974/75 98.07 10.89% 1987/88 55.52 6.16%1975/76 693.94 77.02% 1991/92 0.30 0.03%1979/80 45.57 5.06% 1993/94 854.15 94.80%



(hectares)% OF ZONE

1982/83 0.25 0.03% 1989/90 73.54 8.16%1984/85 0.09 0.01%


118

3. Management Area Profiles for Heathcote National Park


119

Map 13: Fire Management Areas for Heathcote National Park


120

Coutts Creek Management Area

Description of management area boundaries West – 108 trail then Camp Coutts trackNorth – Scout camp trackEast – Scout camp boundarySouth - the Princes Highway

Size of management area (hectares) 25Zones present Heritage management zone (98.97 hectares)Assets/inholdings within management area Scout camp lease adjacent to the reserveRare or threatened Australian plants None recordedThreatened fauna None recordedCultural sites European sites: telecom 100-year above-ground phone lines (last

in Australia) located on western side of the Old Princes HighwayAboriginal sites: shelter with deposit and shelter with art locatedon Coutts Creek

Operational information • Fire hydrants are located along Old Princes Highway (olddriver training school road)

• Powerlines are present with the potential for arcing• Water supply tank is located on the western side of the

northern end of the Old Princes Highway• Retardant is not to be used in this management block• Steep gullies are present in this management block• 108 powerline trail is highly eroded and four-wheel-drive

access• Hydrants at Waterfall township and Garawarra Hospital• Helicopter landing at DCA Tower, Sarahs Knob and Waterfall

Oval• Helicopter water point: Lake Toolooma and Kingfisher Pool

Trails present • 108 powerline trail• Scout camp ‘Camp Coutts’ access road (gravel)• Eastern powerlines trail off Old Princes Highway


1.69 30.12 40.68 27.29


121

Map 54: Coutts Creek Management Area and Fire Management Zones


122

Coutts Creek Heritage Management Zone Vegetation Communities


INRESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 6.81 27.81 Biodiversity is not likely todecline if there is a fire.

Sandstone woodland 5309.3 B 15.94 59.94 Biodiversity is not likely todecline if there is a fire.

Cleared land - - 4.25 12.25 N/A


1.71% 30.12% 40.98% 27.19%




1976/77 3.64 3.67% 1993/94 13.09 13.23%




1986/87 0.21 0.21%


123

Girronba Ridge Management Area Description of management area boundaries South – four-wheel-drive track Friar Bird Pool

West – NPWS boundary along Woronora River North – track to Lake Eckersley East – Pipeline Trail


Heritage management zone (49.96 hectares) Assets/inholdings within management area Rare or threatened Australian plants Grevillia longifolia

Leucopogon exolasius Threatened fauna Large-footed mouse-eared bat (Myotis adversus) Cultural sites Aboriginal sites: shelter with deposit

European sites: Depression era ruins on western facing slope(Kingdom Come)

Operational information • There is a colony of bats in the northern end of Dingo Tunnel• Keep fire out of the hanging swamp on the eastern side of the

DCA tower• Retardant is not to be used in this management block• Water bucket pick up point at Boobera Pool and Friar Bird

Pool• Helipad at Woronora Dam picnic area and Sarahs Knob DCA

tower Trails present • Eckersley track is not trafficable but could be used as a

control line• Pipeline Road fire trail is sealed

Bushfire Behaviour Potential (hectares) High Medium Low Negligible

16.26 35.44 31.76 10.81


124

Map 47: Girronba Ridge Management Area and Fire Management Zones


125

Girronba Ridge Strategic Management Zone Location of zone: Pipeline Road west (trickle burn) Purpose: To develop a strategic line for a west-east movement of fire, burn ridge top

and west facing slopes by aerial ignition


(hectares)IN

RESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 13.13 29.46 Biodiversity is not likely to decline ifthere is a fire.

Upland swamp 273.66 A 0.25 0.56 Small scattered patches. Biodiversitydecline should be considered if there isnot a fire before 2006/7.

Sandstone woodland 5309.3 B 31.19 69.98 Biodiversity decline should beconsidered if there is not a fire before2006/7.

Busfire Behaviour Potential % of Zone HIGHER MEDIUM LOWER NEGLIGIBLE

6.04% 36.32% 40.25% 17.39%




1976/77 43.81 98.10




Nil prescribed burns recorded

Girronba Ridge Heritage Management Zone Vegetation Communities


INRESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 18.56 37.65 Biodiversity is not likely to decline ifthere is a fire.

Upland swamp 273.66 A 0.06 0.12 Biodiversity decline should beconsidered if there is not a fire before2006/7.

Sandstone woodland 5309.3 B 29.87 60.59 Biodiversity decline should beconsidered if there is not a fire before2006/7.

Dry riparian scrub 93.25 D 0.81 1.64 Biodiversity may decline if there is afire.





1976/77 50.26 100% 1990/91 3.64 1.33%





126



127

Heathcote Management Area

Note: most of this management area is not on NPWS land. Although this management area issubstantially Crown land, it is soon to be handed over to NPWS. When the land is handed over,NPWS will carry out the following strategies. Description of management area boundaries South – Mirang Road

West – Mirang Road to Mirang Pool then Pipeline trail North – Pipeline trail then Heathcote Road East – Residential area of Heathcote


Heritage management zone (201.87 hectares) Assets/inholdings within management area Rare or threatened Australian plants Eucalyptus leuhmanniana (general area of Bottle Creek) Threatened fauna Red-crowned toadlet (Pseudophryne australis) Cultural sites European sites: Mirang Road is a historic cobblestone road Operational information • Powerlines are present, arcing may potentially occur

• Steep gullies are present in this management block• All trails are four-wheel-drive access• No track machines are to be used on Mirang Road• Helicopter landing point Heathcote Oval• Burns Road fire trail is a dead end• Goburra walking track off Oliver Street can be used as a fire

advantage• Unnamed walking track off the end of Forum Drive, Heathcote

which meets up with the Pipeline trail• The Friendly Trail walking track through the scout camp to

Pipeline Road• Water vehicle points: local village hydrants in streets,

causeway at Callala Gully on Pipeline Road• Helicopter bucket points: pools along Woronora River• Bottle Creek fire trail is dead end

Trails present • Mirang Road (cobblestone)• Power lines access trails• Burns Road fire trail• Bottle Creek fire trail off Corinth Road• Unnamed fire trail at rear of residences between Abbott Road

and Bluebell Road Bushfire Behaviour Potential (hectares) High Medium Low Negligible

37.50 78.56 68.63 46.50


128

Map 46: Heathcote Management Area and Fire Management Zones


129

Heathcote Strategic Management Zone Location of zone: Residential area of Heathcote west Purpose: To provide a fuel reduced zone for Heathcote


(hectares)IN

RESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.42 C 8.38 28.58% Biodiversity is not expected todecline if a fire occurs.

Sandstone woodland 5309.3 B 16.94 57.78% Biodiversity decline should beconsidered as a result of no fires formore than 30 years.

Cleared land 507.68 - 4.00 13.64% N/A

Bushfire Behaviour Potential % of Zone HIGHER MEDIUM LOWER NEGLIGIBLE 40.52% 25.58% 16% 17.91%




No fires recorded in this area.





Heathcote Heritage Management Zone Vegetation Communities


INRESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 49.75 24.64% Biodiversity is not expected todecline if a fire occurs.

Sandstone woodland 5309.3 B 103.31 51.18% Biodiversity decline should beconsidered as a result of no fires formore than 30 years.

Cleared land 507.68 - 15.81 7.83% N/A

Ironstone woodland 1258.82 B 32.69 16.19% Biodiversity decline should beconsidered as a result of no fires formore than 30 years.

Dry riparian scrub 93.25 D 0.31 0.15% Biodiversity may decline if a fireoccurs.





1974/75 1.87 hectares 0.93% 1984/85 0.19 hectares 0.09% 1975/76 2.17 hectares 1.07% 1990/91 1.52 hectares 0.75% 1978/79 110.27 hectares 54.63% 1994/95 10.25 hectares 5.08% 1979/80 0.88 hectares 0.44%



130



% OF ZONE

1979/80 1.04 hectares 0.51% 1984/85 0.56 hectares 0.28%

Sebastapol Trig Management Area

Note: most of this management area is not on NPWS land. Although this management area issubstantially Crown land, it is soon to be handed over to NPWS. When this land is handed over,NPWS will carry out the following strategies. Description of management area boundaries North – Mirang Road

East – Princes Highway South – 108 trail and Bulwarring track West Bulwarring track

Size of management area (hectares) 569.81 Zones present Heritage management zone (569.81 hectares) Assets/inholdings within management area None present Rare or threatened Australian plants Eucalyptus leuhmanniana (western side of Trig) Threatened fauna None recorded Cultural sites Aboriginal sites: shelter with deposit, axe-grinding grooves,

shelter with art, engraving, shelter with midden. Engraving sites onridgeline west of Trig European sites: Mirang Road is a historic cobblestone road

Operational information • Powerlines are present, arcing may potentially occur• Steep gullies are present in this management block• All trails are four-wheel-drive access• Abaroo Creek fire trail is steep and is washed out in places• No track machines are to be used on Mirang Road• Helicopter landing point – cleared areas within Sebastapol

Trig, Waterfall Oval and Heathcote Oval Trails present • Abaroo Creek fire trail

• Sebastopol Trig fire trail• Mirang Road (cobblestone)• Power lines access trails


69.56 231.38 157.94 110.94


131

Map 50: Sebastapol Trig Management Area and Fire Management Zones


132

Sebastapol Trig Heritage Management Zone Vegetation Communities


INRESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 158 27.73 Biodiversity is not expected todecline if a fire occurs.

Upland swamp 273.66 A 2.94 0.52 Biodiversity decline should beconsidered as a result of nofires for more than 30 years.

Sandstone woodland 5309.3 B 269.19 47.24 Biodiversity decline should beconsidered as a result of nofires for more than 30 years.

Sandstone heath 5585.16 A 31.5 5.53 Biodiversity decline should beconsidered as a result of nofires for more than 30 years.

Cleared land - - 16.63 2.92 N/A Ironstone woodland 1258.82 B 67.25 11.80 Biodiversity decline should be

considered as a result of nofires for more than 30 years.

Rock pavement Heath 63.9 A 3.56 0.62 Biodiversity decline should beconsidered as a result of nofires for more than 30 years.

Dry riparian scrub 93.25 D 20.75 3.64 Biodiversity may decline if there isa fire.





1974/75 38.12 6.69% 1977/78 0.17 0.03% 1975/76 0.52 0.09% 1978/79 4.02 0.71% 1976/77 761.63 64.84% 1982/83 0.11 0.02%






133

Scouters Mountain Management Area

Description of management area boundaries South – track to Lake Eckersley

West – NPWS boundary along Woronora River North – NPWS boundary along Woronora River and HeathcoteRoad East – Pipeline Road


Heritage management zone (134.39 hectares) Assets/inholdings within management area 33 KV powerlines are present Rare or threatened Australian plants None recorded Threatened fauna Powerful owl (Ninox strenua) Cultural sites Aboriginal sites: shelter with art, axe-grinding grooves, engraving,

shelter with deposit. Operational information • Powerlines are present, potential for arcing

• Army land to the west of Scouters Mountain was burnt in1997

• Retardant is not to be used in this management block• Scouters Mountain fire trail is four-wheel-drive access only

and is a dead end. Some turning circles present• Helicopter landing site on southern end of Mountain. May

need clearing Trails present • Scouters Mountain fire trail Bushfire behaviour potential (hectares) High Medium Low Negligible

73.88 86.13 51.50 49.13


134

Map 44: Scouters Mountain Management Area and Fire Management Zones


135

Scouters Mountain Strategic Management Zone Location of zone: Scouters Mountain and Tamaroo Ridge and the west facing slopes Purpose: To provide a strategic line for the movement of west-east fires by burn with

aerial ignition


(hectares)IN

RESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 7.94 6.16 Low intensity fire is unlikely tocause biodiversity decline. Highintensity fires should be avoided.

Sandstone woodland 5309.3 B 68.44 53.08 Fire history is within suggestedregime. Biodiversity decline is notlikely to occur if two fires occurbefore 2004/5.

Sandstone heath 5585.16 A 23.19 17.99 Small scattered patches. Firehistory is within suggested regime.Biodiversity decline is not likely iftwo fires occur before 2004/5.

Ironstone woodland 1258.82 B 28.81 22.34 Fire history is within suggestedregime. Biodiversity decline is notlikely to occur if two fires occurbefore 2004/5.

Rock pavement heath 63.9 A 0.56 0.43 Small scattered patches. Firehistory is within suggested regime.Biodiversity decline is not likely iftwo fires occur before 2004/5.





1974/75 14.09 10.93% 1978/79 85.37 66.21% 1977/78 42.57 33.02% 1989/90 53.17 41.24%






136

Scouters Mountain Heritage Management Zone Vegetation Communities


INRESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 72.94 55.38 Low intensity fire is unlikely tocause biodiversity decline. Highintensity fires should be avoided

Sandstone woodland 5309.3 B 54.50 41.38 Fire history is within suggestedregime. Biodiversity decline is notlikely to occur if two fires occurbefore 2004/5

Sandstone heath 5585.16 A 0.31 0.24 Small scattered patches. Firehistory is within suggested regime.Biodiversity decline is not likely iftwo fires occur before 2004/5

Ironstone woodland 1258.82 B 0.07 0.05 Fire history is within suggestedregime. Biodiversity decline is notlikely to occur if two fires occurbefore 2004/5

Rock pavement heath 63.9 A 3.88 2.95 Small scattered patches. Firehistory is within suggested regime.Biodiversity decline is not likely iftwo fires occur before 2004/5





1974/75 1.20 0.89% 1978/79 88.37 65.75% 1975/76 0.44 0.33% 1989/90 53.12 39.53% 1976/77 7.22 5.37% 1990/91 1.21 0.9% 1977/78 15.67 11.66%




1977/78 2.16 1.61% 1979/80 0.21 0.16%


137

Watchorn Hill Management Area

Description of management area boundaries North – NPWS boundary South – track to Lake Eckersley East – Heathcote Road and Mirang Road West – Pipeline Road


Heritage management zone (183.56 hectares) Assets/inholdings within management area Rare or threatened Australian plants Eucalyptus leumanniana Threatened fauna Common bent-wing bat (Miniopterus schreibersii) Cultural sites Aboriginal sites: shelter with deposit, shelter with art Operational information • Retardant is not to be used in this management block

• Hand-tool line is possible from end of Scouters Mountain firetrail to Heathcote Creek

• Scouters Mountain fire trail is four-wheel-drive, dead end,some turning bays present

• Pipeline Road is mostly sealed• Water source for drafting is Battery Causeway (Woronora

Gap south of block)• Water source for drafting Heathcote Creek and Scouters fire

trail causeway (north)• Hydrants in streets in adjacent local suburbs

Trails present • Scouters Mountain fire trail (north-south)• Pipeline Road (north-south)


35.25 49.37 57.87 41.69


138

Map 45: Watchorn Hill Management Area and Fire Management Zone


139

Watchorn Hill Strategic Management Zone Location of zone: Scouters Mountain and Tamaroo Ridge and west facing slopes (continuation

of Scouters Mountain strategic management zone) Purpose: To provide for strategic containment of wild fires



FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 0.06 9.52 Low intensity fire is unlikely to causebiodiversity decline. High intensityfires should be avoided

Sandstone woodland 5309.3 B 0.19 30.16 Small patch. Fire history is withinsuggested regime. Biodiversity declineis not likely to occur if fire occurs

Ironstone woodland 1258.82 B 0.38 60.32 Follows ridges. Fire history is withinsuggested regime. Biodiversity declineis not likely to occur if fire occurs

Bushfire Behaviour Potential % of Zone HIGHER MEDIUM LOWER NEGLIGIBLE 20.97 % 9.68% 9.68% 59.68%




Nil fires recorded for this area





Watchorn Hill Heritage Management Zone Vegetation Communities


FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 75.38 40.81 Low intensity fire is unlikely to causebiodiversity decline. High intensityfires should be avoided

Sandstone woodland 5309.3 B 88.31 47.82 Fire history is within suggestedregime. Biodiversity decline is notlikely to occur if fire occurs

Sandstone heath 5585.16 A 0.44 0.24 Small scattered patches. Fire historyis within suggested regime.Biodiversity decline is not likely iftwo fires occur before 2004/5

Ironstone woodland 1258.82 B 1.5 0.81 Fire history is within suggestedregime. Biodiversity decline is notlikely to occur if fire occurs

Dry riparian scrub 93.25 D 19.06 10.32 Biodiversity will decline if a fireoccurs

Bushfire Behaviour Potential % of zone HIGHER MEDIUM LOWER NEGLIGIBLE 19.13% 26.86% 31.49% 22.51%


1977/78 26.33 14.34% 1994/95 0.07 0.04% 1978/79 144.06 78.48% 1995/96 0.74 0.40%


140

1988/89 1.62 0.88%





Waterfall Management Area

Description of management area boundaries West – 330 kv/108 trail South – Camp Coutts track East – Waterfall township North – 108 trail



Assets/inholdings within management area Adjacent to the management area are Waterfall township andCamp Coutts scout camp

Rare or threatened Australian plants None recorded Threatened fauna None recorded Cultural sites Aboriginal sites: shelter with deposit and shelter with art at

Waterfall. Engravings and axe-grinding grooves at HeathcoteCreek south European sites: pump station has old engines (located at LakeToolooma)

Operational information • Powerlines are present, potential for arcing• Access is difficult (no trail) to houses west of Warabin Street

and Yanagang Street• Fire hydrants are located along Old Princes Highway (old

driver training school road) and Waterfall township• Vehicle drafting point: 108 fire trail crossing of Heathcote

Creek (Bullawarring Track), 108 fire trail crossing of HeathcoteCreek within scout lease area

• Steep gullies are present in this management block• All fire trails are four-wheel-drive access• Helicopter landing at Waterfall Oval and Sebastapol Trig• Helicopter water point: Lake Toolooma, and Kingfisher Pool• Warabin and Darangan Close is sealed• Bullawarring and Mooray walking tracks can be used as

control lines• Lake Toolooma fire trail is a dead end• Warabin Street fire trail is washed out. Four-wheel-drive

access Trails present • Scout camp ‘Camp Coutts’ access road (gravel)

• Lake Toolooma fire trail• 108 powerline trail• Warabin Street north and Warabin Street fire trail• Darangan Close

Bushfire Behaviour Potential (hectares) High Medium Low Negligible 3.25 30.88 23.56 33.88


141

Map 53: Waterfall Management Area and Fire Management Zones


142

Waterfall Asset Protection Zone Location of zone: Waterfall township Purpose: To provide protection for Waterfall township through maintaining the

current fuel reduced zone


(hectares)IN

RESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 2.31 72.41 This area will be maintainedthrough slashing.

Sandstone woodland 5309.3 B 0.19 5.96 Cleared land - - 0.69 21.63


0% 39.18% 19.75% 41.07%




Nil fire recorded





Waterfall Strategic Management Zone Location of zone: East of Warrabin Street between houses and Lake Toolooma trail Purpose: To provide a fuel reduced area for Waterfall


(hectares)IN

RESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 12.06 36.35 Biodiversity is not expected todecline if a fire occurs

Sandstone woodland 5309.3 B 18.06 54.43 Biodiversity decline should beconsidered as there have been nofires for more than 30 years



6.96% 58.57% 24.28% 10.18%




Nil fire recorded






143

Waterfall Heritage Management Zone Vegetation Communities


INRESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 21.19 38.26 Biodiversity is not expected todecline if a low intensity fire occurs

Sandstone woodland 5309.3 B 28.25 51.01 Biodiversity is not expected todecline if a fire occurs

Dry riparian scrub 93.25 D 2.56 4.62 Biodiversity may decline if a fireoccurs


1.70% 18.46% 26.94% 55.19%




1976/77 46.29 83.88% 1993/94 0.62 1.13% 1978/79 5.70 10.32% 1996/97 0.14 0.26% 1981/82 0.12 0.22% 1986/87 0.12 0.22%




1983/84 36.73 66.55% 1986/87 33.80 61.25%


144

Westmacott Ridge Management Area

Description of management area boundaries West – Kingfisher Creek North – Bulwaring Track East – 330 kv lines/108 trail South – Princes Highway

Size of management area (hectares) 420.93 hectares Zones Present Strategic management zone (12.49 hectares)

Heritage management zone (408.44 hectares) Assets/inholdings within management area Scout lease is present Rare or threatened Australian plants None recorded Threatened fauna None recorded Cultural sites Aboriginal sites: shelter with deposit, shelter with midden, shelter

with art, axe-grinding grooves, engravings, abraded grooves. Operational information • Powerlines are present, arcing may potentially occur

• Steep gullies are present in this management block• 108 powerline trail is highly eroded and four-wheel-drive

access• Closed Morella Ridge Trail may be reopened and extended

using a slasher• Vehicular water: Battery Causeway, Gurra Causeway, and

Woronora Dam.• Hydrants at Waterfall township and Garawarra Hospital• Helicopter landing at DCA Tower, Sarahs Knob and Waterfall

Oval• Helicopter water point: Woronora Dam, Lake Toolooma,

Kingfisher Pool and various pools along Woronora River Trails present • 108 powerline trail Bushfire behaviour potential (hectares) High Medium Low Negligible

11.19 88.19 162.50 158.75


145

Map 51: Westmacott Ridge Management Area and Fire Management Zones


146

Westmacott Ridge Strategic Management Zone Location of zone: Fuel reduced area on eastern side of Woronora Dam Road (maximum depth

of 30 metres) Purpose: To contain spread of fire from the west



FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone woodland 5499.43 B 5.06 100 Biodiversity is not likely to declineif a fire occurs


0% 17.36% 60.36% 22.29%




1974/75 9.24 73.98% 1981/82 2.36 18.90% 1976/77 7.96 63.75%





Westmacott Ridge Heritage Management Zone Vegetation Communities


INRESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS


Upland swamp 273.66 A 7.19 1.73 Biodiversity decline should beconsidered as there have been nofires for more than 30 years


Sandstone heath 5585.16 A 41.88 10.08 Biodiversity decline should beconsidered as there have been nofires for more than 30 years


Rock pavement heath 63.9 A 7.69 1.85 Biodiversity decline should beconsidered as there have been nofires for more than 30 years

Dry riparian scrub 93.25 D 0.06 0.01 Biodiversity may decline if a fireoccurs


2.69% 21.01% 38.37% 37.93%




1974/75 7.76 1.90% 1981/82 65.35 16.0% 1976/77 397.86 97.41%



147



% OF ZONE



148

Woronora Dam Management Area

Description of management area boundaries NPWS boundary north and west. Four-wheel-drive track to FriarBird Pool South - Woronora Dam Road East – Pipeline Road


Heritage management zone (96.62 hectares) Assets/inholdings within management area Rare or threatened Australian plants Pultenaea aristida

Leucopogon exolasius Threatened fauna Powerful owl (Ninox strenua)

Red-crowned toadlet (Pseudophryne australis) Sooty owl (Tyto tenebricosa)

Cultural sites Nil recorded Operational information • This block abuts Catchment Area boundary. Catchment

protection and erosion prevention are critical• No retardant or foam is to be used in this management area• Vehicular water points at Gurra Causeway via Lower Pipeline

Road; and Girronba Swamp picnic area• Hydrants at Woronora Dam picnic area• Water bucket pick up point at Boobera Pool, Broula Pool,

Adina Pool, Friar Bird Pool and Woronora Dam• Helipad at Woronora Dam picnic area and Sarahs Knob DCA

tower• This block is the site for research on the fire responses of

Leucopogon exolosius. Plots were established after theprescribed burn in 1999/2000. If fire occurs in this area, theBiodiversity Research Unit should be contacted immediatelyfor advice on operations

Trails present • Woronora Dam Road and Sarahs Knob Road to theintersection of the Pipeline Road are both sealed

• Sarahs Knob Road is gated at Sarahs Knob• The Pipeline Road is gravel from southern entrance of the

Dingo Tunnel to Woronora Dam Bushfire behaviour potential (hectares) High Medium Low Negligible

17.31 51.94 52.81 30.25


149

Map 48: Woronora Ridge Management Area and Fire Management Zones


150

Woronora Dam Strategic Management Zone Location of zone: Pipeline Road west (trickle burn) Purpose: To provide a strategic line for a west-east movement of fire. Burn ridgetop

and west-facing slopes by aerial ignition


(hectares)IN

RESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 4.75 8.53 Biodiversity decline will notoccur if a fire occurs

Sandstone woodland 5309.3 B 49.13 88.22 Biodiversity decline will notoccur if a fire occurs before2005/6


Bushfire Behaviour Potential % of zone HIGHER MEDIUM LOWER NEGLIGIBLE

2.59% 36.38% 43.31% 17.72%




1974/75 3.65 6.55% 1987/88 0.13 0.23% 1976/77 50.07 89.91

Prescribed Burning History YEAR Area burnt



1999/2000 55 hectares 100%

Woronora Dam Heritage Management Zone Vegetation Communities


INRESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 28.31 29.30 Biodiversity decline is not predictedif a fire occurs

Sandstone woodland 5309.3 B 60.56 62.67 Biodiversity decline is not predictedif a fire occurs


Dry riparian scrub 93.25 D 2.94 3.04 Biodiversity is expected to declineif there is a fire


FIRE HISTORY YEAR Area burnt



1974/75 29.15 30.17% 1987/88 0.13 0.13% 1976/77 90.81 93.99% 1988/89 0.14 0.15% 1977/78 1.38 1.43% 1990/91 3.64 3.77% 1981/82 2.43 2.51% 1997/98 1.42 1.47%

PRESCRIBED BURN HISTORY YEAR Area burnt




151

1985/86 16 18.93% 1988/89 18.29 16.56% 1987/88 16 16.56%

Woronora Range Management Area

Description of management area boundaries North – Battery Causeway on Heathcote Creek West – Pipeline Road and Woronora Dam Road East – Bulwarring Track to Kingfisher Pool then Kingfisher Creek South – Woronora Dam Road



Assets/inholdings within management area DCA tower Rare or threatened Australian plants Leucopogon exolasius

Melaleuca deanei Threatened fauna Giant burrowing frog (Heleioporus australiacus)

Broad-headed snake (Hoplocephalus bungaroides) Powerful owl (Ninox strenua) Red-crowned toadlet (Pseudophryne australis) Heath monitor (Varanus rosenbergi)

Cultural sites None recorded Operational information • Keep vehicles and heavy machinery out of the hanging

swamp (north-eastern side of the DCA tower to Girronba)• A backburn from the slashed radiation area around the DCA

tower has been used in the past to protect the tower• No foam or retardant in Girronba Swamp• Bullawarring Track (walking track) north-south line• Goanna Track (walking track) north-south line• Closed Morella Ridge Trail may be reopened and extended

using a slasher• Vehicular water: Battery Causeway, Gurra Causeway and

Woronora Dam• Hydrants at Garawarra Hospital• Helicopter landing at DCA tower, Sarahs Knob and Waterfall

Oval• Helicopter water point: Woronora Dam, Lake Toolooma,

Kingfisher Pool and various pools along Woronora River Trails present • Woronora Dam Road (sealed)

• Sarahs Knob Road (sealed)Bushfire behaviour potential (hectares) High Medium Low Negligible

76.25 206.25 273.56 230.06


152

Map 49: Woronora Range Management Area and Fire Management Zones


153

Woronora Range Asset Protection ZoneLocation of zone: Civil Aviation TowerPurpose: To protect the Department of Civil Aviation Tower through slashing a fuel

reduced zone approximately 30 metres wide


(hectares)IN

RESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone woodland 5309.3 B 0.81 81 This area will be slashedCleared land - - 0.19 19


0% 6% 50% 44%



(hectares)% OF ZONE

1976/77 1.00 100%



(hectares)% OF ZONE

1986/87 1.00 100%

Woronora Range Strategic Management ZoneLocation of zone: Fuel reduced area on eastern side of Woronora Dam Road (maximum depth

of 30 metres)Purpose: To prevent fire entering/leaving Heathcote National Park


(hectares)IN

RESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS





0% 23.05% 23.51% 53.44%



(hectares)% OF ZONE

1976/77 0.53 4.90%



(hectares)% OF ZONE



154

Woronora Range Heritage Management ZoneVegetation Communities


INRESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS




Sandstone heath 5585.16 A 4.31 0.56 Biodiversity decline should beconsidered as there have been nofires for more than 30 years


Dry riparian scrub 93.25 D 0.25 0.03 Biodiversity decline may occur if afire occurs


9.85% 26.31% 34.94% 28.91%



(hectares)% OF ZONE

1974/75 61.64 7.96% 1988/89 0.14 0.02%1976/77 761.63 98.37% 1995/96 1.0 1.3%1981/82 41.61 5.37%



(hectares)% OF ZONE

1986/87 2.28 0.3%


155

4. Management Area Profiles for Garawarra State Recreation Area


156

Map 14: Fire Management Areas for Garawarra State Recreation Area


157

Cawley’s Creek Management Area 1

Description of management area boundaries North – McKell AvenueEast – Lady Wakehurst DriveSouth – The Burgh TrackWest – Illawarra railway line

Size of management area (hectares) 720.75Zones present Heritage management zone (720.75 hectares)Assets/inholdings within management area None presentRare or threatened Australian plants None recordedThreatened fauna Common bent-wing bat (Miniopterus schreibersii)

Large-footed mouse-eared bat (Myotis adversus)Powerful owl (Ninox strenua)Red-crowned toadlet (Pseudophryne australis)Greater broad-nosed bat (Scoteanax rueppellii)Sooty owl (Tyto tenebricosa)

Cultural sites Aboriginal sites: axe-grinding groove, shelter with art, shelter withdeposit

Operational information Management trails are four-wheel-drive accessible onlyWater bucket from Wilsons Creek DamAccess to Hacking River Trail via Helensburgh TipRequire State Rail approval to drive across line (State RailAuthority need to close line). NPWS do not have State RailAuthority keys for State Rail Authority gates. Limited accessalong western boundary via State Rail Authority trails

Trails present Hacking River Trail (from rear of Helensburgh Tip to LadyWakehurst Drive)



158

Map 55: Cawleys Creek Management Area and Fire Management Zones


159

Cawleys Creek Heritage Management ZoneVegetation Communities


INRESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 183.56 25.46% Biodiversity may decline with ahigh intensity fire.

Sandstone woodland 5309.3 B 164.38 22.80% Biodiversity is not expected todecline if two fires occur

Sandstone heath 5585.16 A 2.69 0.37% Small patch. Biodiversity is notexpected to decline if a fire occurs

Cleared land 507.68 - 11.50 1.60% N/A

Shale gully forest 1186.42 C 253.35 35.15% Biodiversity may decline with ahigh intensity fire

Rainforest A type 207.26 D 55.69 6.86% Largest continuous area of thisvegetation community in thereserves. Biodiversity may declineif a fire occurs

Rainforest B type 115.26 D 49.44 7.73% Largest continuous area of thisvegetation community in thereserves. Biodiversity may declineif a fire occurs

Wet riparian scrub 12.69 D 0.25 0.03% Biodiversity may decline if a fireoccurs

Bushfire Behaviour Potential % of ZoneHIGHER MEDIUM LOWER NEGLIGIBLE19.33% 23.30% 27.71% 29.66%



(hectares)% OF ZONE

1968/69 181.28 25.15% 1978/79 2.22 0.31%1971/72 9.88 1.37% 1979/80 36.17 5.02%1972/73 115.14 15.98% 1981/82 0.06 0.01%1974/75 69.74 9.68% 1990/91 0.08 0.01%1975/76 1.33 0.18% 1991/92 0.23 0.03%1977/78 161/70 22.43% 1993/94 630.25 87.44%



(hectares)% OF ZONE

No prescribed burns recorded for this area


160

Cawley Road Management Area

Description of management area boundaries Bound by Illawarra railway line and Cawley RoadSize of management area (hectares) 72.56Zones present Heritage management zone (72.56 hectares)Assets/inholdings within management areaRare or threatened Australian plants None documentedThreatened fauna None documentedCultural sites None documentedOperational information Trail off Cawleys Road north-east to railway line is closedTrails present State Rail Authority has an access trail that runs adjacent to the

railway lineBushfire behaviour potential (hectares) High Medium Low Negligible

3 21.50 32.19 15.88

Cawley Road Heritage Management ZoneVegetation Communities


INRESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 17.81 24.54% Biodiversity is not expected todecline if a fire occurs before2013/14. Avoid high intensity fires

Sandstone woodland 5309.3 B 56.63 73.90% Biodiversity is not expected todecline if a fire occurs

Cleared land 507.68 - 1.13 1.56% N/A

Bushfire Behaviour Potential % Of ZoneHIGHER MEDIUM LOWER NEGLIGIBLE

4.13% 29.63% 44.36% 21.88%



(hectares)% OF ZONE

1968/69 2.62 3.60% 1979/80 6.39 8.79%1971/72 70.67 97.34% 1993/94 70.64 97.30%



(hectares)% OF ZONE



161

Map 56: Cawley Road Management Area and Fire Management Zones


162

Cawley Road 1 Management Area 1

Description of management area boundaries North – NPWS boundary (at the ‘V’ of the railway tracks)East – Illawarra railway lineSouth – Cawley RoadWest – Southern FreewayBound by Illawarra railway line and Cawley Road

Size of management area (hectares) 119.94Zones present Heritage management zone (119.94 hectares)Assets/inholdings within management area None presentRare or threatened Australian plants Eucalyptus leuhmannianaThreatened fauna None recordedCultural sites Aboriginal sites: axe-grinding groovesOperational Information Require State Rail approval to drive across line (State Rail

Authority need to close the line). NPWS do not have State RailAuthority keys for State Rail Authority gates

Trails present Cawley Ridge fire trail and various short access trails off this trailto railway line

Bushfire behaviour potential (hectares) High Medium Low Negligible0 43.19 25.81 50.94

Cawley Road 1 Heritage Management ZoneVegetation Communities


INRESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 11.13 9.28% Occurs at southern end of zone.During the 20-year period from1974/75 to 1994/95, there havebeen three high intensity fires.Further high intensity fires shouldbe avoided where possible

Sandstone woodland 5309.3 B 96.5 80.45% Biodiversity is not expected todecline if a fire occurs before2002/3

Sandstone heath 5585.16 A 4.63 3.86% Biodiversity is not expected todecline if a fire occurs before2002/3

Cleared land 507.68 - 7.69 6.41% N/A


0% 36.01% 21.52% 42.47%



(hectares)% OF ZONE

1968/69 0.03 0.02% 1988/89 0.17 0.14%1974/75 98.69 82.28% 1993/94 115.25 96.08%1977/78 17.46 14.56%1979/80 65.94 54.97%



(hectares)% OF ZONE


163

1990/91 0.76 0.63%


164

Map 57: Cawley Road 1 Management Area and Fire Management Zones


165

Garawarra Management Area

Description of management area boundaries West – Southern FreewayNorth – Cawley RoadEast – Illawarra Railway then Garawarra boundary behindHelensburghSouth – NPWS boundary

Size of management area (hectares) 296.81Zones present Asset protection zone (4.47 hectares)

Heritage management zone (98.33 hectares)Assets/inholdings within management area None presentRare or threatened Australian plants None recordedThreatened fauna None recordedCultural sites Aboriginal sites: open camp site, axe grinding groovesOperational information • Fire trails are four-wheel-drive only

• Water bucket from Wilson’s Creek Dam• Four-wheel-drive access to within 100 metres of dam via

Wilson’s Creek Dam fire trail• Ridge Road track runs around the western side of the

properties on The Ridge Road between the entrance ofWilson’s Creek fire trail and Helensburgh railway station

Trails present • The Ridge fire trail (now ends on Freeway – it no longer joinssouth to Flat Rock Trail)

• Flat Rock fire trail• Wilsons Creek Dam fire trail is a dead end trail (Wilsons Creek

Management Area) Bushfire behaviour potential (hectares) High Medium Low Negligible

3.25 84.49 105.51 104.19


166

Map 58: Garawarra Management Area and Fire Management Zones


167

Garawarra Asset Protection Zone Location of zone: Adjacent to Laurina Avenue, Helensburgh Purpose: To provide a fuel reduced zone for residents in Helensburgh



FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 0.38 8.92% This area will be slashed orotherwise to maintain fuels to lessthan five tonnes/hectare



5.92% 45.97% 40.76% 7.35%




1977/78 1.06 23.71%




1980/81 1.67 37.36% 1993/94 3.32 74.41% 1990/91 2.01 44.90%

Garawarra Heritage Management Zone Vegetation Communities


FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 71.12 24.42% Biodiversity decline is not expectedif another fire occurs. Highintensity fires should be avoided ifpossible

Upland swamp 273.66 A 2.63 0.90% Biodiversity decline is not expectedif another fire occurs before 2002/3

Sandstone woodland 5309.3 B 175.31 60.20% Biodiversity decline is not expectedif another fire occurs before 2002/3

Cleared land 507.68 - 18.94 6.50% N/A

Ironstone woodland 1258.82 B 23.19 7.96% Small patch occurs on western edgeof zone on Princes Highway.Biodiversity decline is not expectedif another fire occurs before 2002/3


1.01% 28.11% 35.35% 35.53%




1968/69 141.38 48.44% 1988/89 0.79 0.27% 1971/72 224.73 77.00% 1989/90 0.49 0.17% 1974/75 0.06 0.02% 1991/92 0.48 0.16% 1977/78 12.07 4.14% 1993/94 1.19 0.41% 1978/79 184.80 63.32% 1995/96 0.72 0.25% 1982/83 24.23 8.30%


168




Data not available

Lilyvale Management Area Description of management area boundaries North – Burgh Track

East – Burgh Track and Garawarra boundary east of LadyWakehurst Drive South – Garawarra boundary near Hamiltons Gully West – Illawarra railway line

Size of management area (hectares) 160 Zones present Heritage management zone (160.0 hectares) Assets/inholdings within management area Private property present off Lady Wakehurst Drive Rare or threatened Australian plants None recorded Threatened fauna Sooty owl (Tyto tenebricosa) Cultural sites None recorded Operational Information • Require State Rail approval to drive across railway line (State

Rail Authority need to close the line)• Mains supply Hall Road Helensburgh or draft out of Hacking

River at Burgh Track crossing Trails present The Burgh Track (also known as Hacking River Trail)

State Rail Authority access trail at rear of sewrage pumping stationalong eastern side of railway line south to McKinnons Gully


27.50 35.56 40.31 56.63

Lilyvale Heritage Management Zone Vegetation Communities


INRESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 40.5 25.31% Biodiversity may decline if there isanother high intensity fire

Cleared land 507.68 - 17.19 10.74% N/A

Shale gully forest 1186.42 C 86.81 54.25% Biodiversity may decline if there isanother high intensity fire

Rainforest A type 207.26 D 12.38 1.41% Biodiversity may decline if there isa fire. Biodiversity may already bein decline as a result of 1993/4 fire.

Rainforest B type 115.26 D 2.25 7.74% Biodiversity may decline if there isa fire. Biodiversity may already bein decline as a result of 1993/4 fire.

Wet riparian scrub 12.69 D 0.88 1.41% Biodiversity may decline if there isa fire. Biodiversity may already bein decline as a result of 1993/4 fire.





1974/75 3.63 2.27% 1991/92 0.11 0.07%


169

1984/85 0.14 0.09% 1993/94 65.74 41.09% 1989/90 5.83 3.64%





Map 61: Lilyvale Management Area and Fire Management Zones


170

Wilsons Creek Management Area

Description of management area boundaries North – Wilson Creek Dam management trail West – closed trail off Laurina Ave to Wilson Creek Dam East – Ridge Road South – unsealed road at rear of Helensburgh oval


Heritage management zone (59.28 hectares) Assets/inholdings within management area Rare or threatened Australian plants Darwinia diminuta (B. Briggs) Threatened fauna None known Cultural sites Aboriginal sites: shelter deposit at Helensburgh Dam Operational information • Wilsons Creek Dam is a dead end trail

• Hydrants are present in the street at the entrance to WilsonsCreek Dam

• Hydrants are present in the cul de sac in Laurina Ave Trails present • Wilsons Creek Dam fire trail

• Unsealed road runs at the back of the oval at HelensburghWest (Fletcher Street to Laurina Ave).



171

Map 59: Wilsons Creek Management Area and Fire Management Zone


172

Wilsons Creek Strategic Management ZoneLocation of zone: Bound by Wilson’s Creek Dam fire trailPurpose: To provide protection to Helensburgh township


(hectares)IN

RESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone gully forest 5499.43 C 0.56 2.06% Biodiversity is not expected todecline if a fire occurs. Avoid highintensity fires.

Sandstone woodland 5309.3 B 26.63 97.94% Biodiversity is not expected todecline if a fire occurs.


1.40% 49.43% 34.24% 14.93%



(hectares)% OF ZONE

1977/78 0.07 0.25%1991/92 0.19 0.68%



(hectares)% OF ZONE

1990/91 10.18 36.66%

Wilsons Creek Heritage Management ZoneVegetation Communities


INRESERVES

FIREREGIME

(TABLE 5)

HECTARESWITHIN

ZONE

% OFZONE

COMMENTS

Sandstone woodland 5499.43hectares

B 20.62 52.12% Biodiversity is not expected todecline if a fire occurs.

Cleared land 507.68hectares

- 18.94 47.88% N/A


0% 17.84% 16.76% 65.40%



(hectares)% OF ZONE

1977/78 18.19 45.97%



(hectares)% OF ZONE

1990/91 0.21 0.53%

Documents

DRAFT Fire Management Plan - Home | NSW Environment ... · Draft Fire Management Plan Royal Reserves: Volume 1 2 DRAFT FIRE MANAGEMENT PLAN for Royal, Heathcote National Parks and