Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Report · Power Plant 3rd Floor, K. G. Chambers, Opp. Gujarat Samachar Press, Udhna Darwaja, Ring Road, Surat - 395 002. ... 4.2.2 Point source

Draft Environmental Impact Assessment

Report

Project proponent

For

Partially Oriented Yarn/Fully Drawn Yarn/

Texturising yarn, Polyster chips & Gas bas

Power Plant

3rd Floor, K. G. Chambers, Opp. Gujarat Samachar Press, Udhna Darwaja, Ring Road,

Surat - 395 002.

Shubhalakshami PolystersLimitedAt

Survey no. 81-87, 90-96, 98-102, 113, 119,120, 123-127,

Village: Bhensali, Taluka: Vagra,

District: Bharuch, State: Gujarat

Prepared By:

Report Details

Draft EIA report

Owner:

Shubhalakshami Polyesters Lim

Work Contractor:

Project Name: ENVIRONMEN

FOR POY/ FD

Copy Holder: SUBHALAKSHAMI

Document title: FINAL ENVIRO

SUB

Total Pages:

Document no.: DT/SPL /EIA/10

© Detox Corporation Pvt. Ltd., J

All rights Reserved. This Publication

condition that this work may not b

the written consent of Detox Corpor

Date

Originator

Project

Engineer

2011 Ankita

Bhairaviya

Pushpak

Shah

mited

NTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY REP

DY/ DTY PLANT & GAS BASED POWER P

POLYSTERS LIMITED

ONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPO

FOR

HALAKSHAMI POLYSTERS LIMITED

0-11/24

June 2010

n is the property of Detox Corporation Pvt.

e reproduced or used (entirely or partially

ration Pvt. Ltd.

Reviewer

Project

Director

Pushpak

Shah

Chetan

Contractor

PORT

PLANT

ORT

Ltd. and is released on the

y) for any purpose with out

Draft EIA report for Subhalakshami Polyesters Limited i

Index Section Content Page no.

CHAPTER 1 1.0 The shubhalakshmi group 1-1 1.1 The proposed project 1-1 1.2 Need of project 1-2 1.3 Capital cost of the project 1-3 1.4 Salient features of site 1-3

1.5 Detail land area break up 1-8 1.6 Purpose of the study 1-8

1.7 Definition of eia 1-8

1.8 Methodology 1-9

1.9 Scope of environment impact assessment (EIA) 1-9

1.10 Environmental legislation applicable to the project 1-9

1.11 Structure of the report 1-14

CHAPTER 2 2.1 Product details 2-1

2.2 Raw material details 2-2

2.3 Fuel consumption 2-2

2.4 Fuel analysis details 2-3

2.5 Manufacturing process – poy/fdy/ polyester chips 2-4

2.5.1 Chemical reactions 2-5

2.5.2 Material balance diagram 2-8

2.5.3 Working of heat transfer media 2-8

2.6 Manufacturing process - power plant 2-9

2.6.1 Working of four stroke - engine 2-10

2.7 Utilities 2-10

2.7.1 Heat recovery system 2-10

2.7.2 Compressor 2-11

2.7.3 Nitrogen plant 2-12

2.7.4 Water treatment plant3-1 2-12

2.7.5 Effluent treatment plant 2-12

2.7.6 D G sets 2-15

CHAPTER 3 3.1 Air environment 3-1

Draft EIA report for Subhalakshami Polyesters Limited ii

3.1.1 Design network for ambient air quality monitoring stations 3-1

3.1.2 Meteorology of study area 3-2

3.1.3 Existing air quality 3-4

3.1.3.1 Air monitoring locations 3-4

3.1.3.2 Method of analysis 3-6

3.1.3.3 Baseline data 3-6

3.2 Water environment 3-8

3.2.1 Water sampling location 3-8

3.2.2 Analysis method 3-11

3.2.3 Ground water quality 3-13

3.2.4 Surface water quality 3-14

3.3 Hydro-Geology of the study Area 3-15

3.3.1 Physiography 3-16

3.3.2 Geology of the Area 3-16

3.3.3 Geology at site 3-17

3.3.4 Sub-Surface Conditions 3-17

3.3.5 Hydrogeology 3-17

3.3.6 Study on Hydrograph 3-18

3.4 Noise environment 3-18

3.5 Land environment 3-20

3.5.1 Study area 3-20

3.5.2 Methodology 3-20

3.5.3 Land Use/Cover pattern of the study Area 3-20

3.6 Soil environment 3-24

3.7 Terrestrial Environment and Biodiversity 3-26

3.7.1 Period of study and study area 3-27

3.7.2 Methodology 3-27

3.7.3 habitats 3-30

3.7.3.1 Habitats description of the project site and surrounding: 3-30

3.7.3.2 Habitats description of the study area 3-30

3.7.4 Floral diversity of the study area 3-31

3.7.4.1 Trees 3-32 3.7.4.2 Shrubs 3-33

3.7.4.3 Herbs 3-34 3.7.4.4 Climbers and twiners 3-36

Draft EIA report for Subhalakshami Polyesters Limited iii

3.7.4.5 Rare and Endangered Flora in the Study Area 3-37

3.7.4.6 Endemic Plants of the Study Area 3-37

3.7.4.7 Cultivated Plants in the Study Area 3-38

3.7.4.8 Horticultural Practices and Fruits Grown 3-39

3.7.5 Faunal Biodiversity of the Study Area 3-39

3.7.5.1 Birds of the study area 3-39

3.7.5.2 Butterflies from the study area 3-41

3.7.5.3 Herpetofauna 3-42

3.7.5.4 Mammals 3-42

3.7.5.5 Rare and Endangered Fauna of the Study Area 3-43

3.7.5.6 Endemic Fauna of the Study Area 3-44

3.8 Status of the forest, their category in the study area 3-44

3.9 Socio economic environment 3-44

3.9.1 Infrastructure in the study area 3-44

3.9.2 Demographic structure 3-45

CHAPTER 4 4.0 Impact identification 4-1

4.1 Air environment 4-1

4.1.1 Construction phase 4-1

4.1.2 Operation phase 4-2 4.2 Air pollution source 4-2

4.2.1 Sources of fugitive emission 4-2

4.2.2 Point source emission 4-3 4.2.2.1 Details of air dispersion model 4-4

4.2.2.2 Presentation of result 4-9

4.2.2.3 Conclusion 4-9


4.3.1 Source of water 4-10 4.3.2 Water consumption 4-10

4.3.3 Waste water generated 4-13

4.4 Treatability study 4-14

4.4.1 Characteristics of blow downs/ rejects 4-14 4.4.2 Treatment scheme 4-15

4.5 Solid waste 4-18

4.6 Hazardous waste 4-19

Draft EIA report for Subhalakshami Polyesters Limited iv



4.7.2 Operation phase 4-19

4.8 Socio economic environment 4-20

CHAPTER 5 5.0 Introduction 5-1

5.1 Construction phase 5-2

5.2 Air environment 5-3



5.2.2.1 Stack height calculations 5-4

5.2.2.2 Technical details of APC measures 5-4

5.2.3 Control of fugitive emissions 5-5

5.2.3.1 Coal handling 5-6

5.2.3.2 Fly ash handling 5-6




5.3.2.1 Water conservation plan 5-7

5.3.2.1.1 rain water harvesting 5-7

5.3.2.2 Waste water management plan 5-7

5.4 Solid/ hazard waste generation 5-8

5.5 Land/ soil environment 5-9


5.7 Cleaner production 5-10

5.8 Energy saving 5-11

5.9 Green belt development 5-13

5.9.1 Guidelines for plantation 5-13

5.9.2 Recommended plants for green belt development 5-13

5.9.3 Selection of plants for greenbelts 5-14

5.9.4 Roadside plantation 5-17

5.10 Environment management system 5-18

5.11 Budgetary allocation for environment management plan 5-20

CHAPTER 6 6.0 Pollution monitoring and surveillance system 6-1

Draft EIA report for Subhalakshami Polyesters Limited v

6.1 Ambient air quality monitoring 6-1

6.2 Stack monitoring 6-1


6.4 Water and waste water quality monitoring 6-2

6.4.1 Environment laboratory 6-2

6.5 Post project environment monitoring budgetary allocation 6-5

CHAPTER 7 7.1 Socio economic activities 7-1

7.2 Employment potential 7-2

7.3 Budgetary allocation 7-2

CHAPTER 8 8.0 Introduction 8-1

8.1 Objectives of the risk assessment 8-1

8.2 Hazard potential: deciding factors 8-1

8.3 Identification of hazards 8-1

8.4 Fire and explosion index & toxicity index 8-2

8.5 Hazardous material identification methodology 8-3

8.5.1 F&EI computation 8-3

8.5.2 Toxicity index (ti) 8-3

8.5.3 Hazards ranking 8-8

8.6 Consequence analysis 8-9

8.7 Risk analysis 8-13

8.7.1 Natural gas 8-13

8.7.2 coal 8-14

8.7.3 Mono ethylene glycol 8-16

8.8 Occupational health and safety 8-17

8.8.1 Physical hazards 8-17

8.8.2 Respiratory hazards 8-18

8.8.3 gas 8-19

8.8.4 Electrical hazards 8-19

8.8.5 Noise 8-19

8.8.6 Explosion and fire hazards 8-19

8.9 Other hazards and its controls 8-20

8.10 Automatic fire detection and control measures 8-20

8.10.1 General 8-20

Draft EIA report for Subhalakshami Polyesters Limited vi

8.10.2 Fire water reservoir 8-21

8.10.3 Fire water / hydrant system 8-21

8.10.4 Fire alarm and detection system 8-24

8.10.5 Fire extinguishing equipment 8-25

8.11 Gas detection system 8-27

8.12 Safety organization and its activities 8-27

8.12.1 Construction and erection phase 8-27

8.12.2 Operation and maintenance phase 8-27

8.12.3 Strengthening of HSE and meeting by safety and quality circle 8-27

8.12.4 Safety training 8-27

8.13 Health and safety monitoring plan 8-28

8.14 Do’s and Don’ts checklist 8-28

CHAPTER 9 9.1 General 9-1

9.2 Purpose and scope of map 9-1

9.3 Causes of disaster 9-2

9.4 Disaster control philosophy 9-2

9.5 Disaster control plan 9-2

9.5.1 Design stage consideration 9-2

9.5.2 Fire fighting arrangement 9-3

9.5.3 Equipment plan 9-4

9.5.4 Safety & emergency plan 9-8

9.5.5 Organizational plan 9-9

9.5.6 Medical services 9-10

CHAPTER 10 10.1 Land availability and requirement 10-1

10.2 Fuel requirement, storage & handling system 10-1

10.3 Water availability and requirement 10-1

10.4 Environment impact assessment study 10-1

10.5 Anticipated environmental impacts and mitigation measures 10-1

10.5.1 Land use 10-1

10.5.2 Water use and hydrology 10-2

10.5.3 Demography and socio-economics 10-2

10.5.4 Air quality 10-2

10.5.5 Soils 10-2

Draft EIA report for Subhalakshami Polyesters Limited vii

10.5.6 Water quality 10-2

10.5.7 Noise 10-2

10.6 Disaster management plan 10-3

10.7 Project benefits 10-3

10.8 Environment management plan 10-3

10.9 Environment monitoring plan 10-3

CHAPTER 11 11.1 General information 11-1

11.2 Vision and business ethics 11-1

11.3 Key facts 11-1

11.4 Accreditations & registrations 11-1

11.5 Activites 11-2

11.6 Eia team 11-2

Draft EIA report for Subhalakshami Polyesters Limited viii

List of tables Table no. Content Page no.

CHAPTER 1 1.1 Detail of proposed generation facility 1-2 1.2 Salient features of site 1-4 1.3 Ambient Noise Quality standards 1-12 1.4 Ambient air quality standard 1-13

CHAPTER 2 2.1 Detail of product 2-1 2.2 Raw material consumption 2-2 2.3 Fuel consumption details 2-2 2.4 Fuel consumption details 2-3 2.5 Analysis of natural gas used for power generation 2-3 2.6 Analysis of coal 2-3 2.7 Material balance for one ton of polymer 2-8 2.8 Capacity of etp 2-15

CHAPTER 3 3.1 Air monitoring locations 3-5 3.2 Analysis methods and instrument details 3-5 3.3 Concentration of various pollutants 3-6 3.4 Ground water monitoring location 3-9 3.5 Surface water monitoring location 3-9 3.6 Method of analysis 3-11 3.7 Ground water quality 3-13 3.8 Surface water quality 3-14 3.9 Noise monitoring locations 3-19 3.10 Day and night noise levels 3-19 3.11 Land use/cover Categories within 10 km Area Statistics 3-23 3.12 Land use/cover Categories within 2 km Area Statistics 3-23 3.13 Soil sampling locations 3-24 3.14 Existing soil quality 3-24 3.15 List of villages covered under the present baseline study 3-29 3.16 Trees in the study area 3-32 3.17 Lists of shrubs in the study area 3-33 3.18 List of herbaceous species observed in the area

3-35

3.19 List of climbers observed in the study area 3-36 3.20 Near threatened birds of the study area 3-39 3.21 Systematic lists of birds in the study area with its distribution

and migratory status 3-40

3.22 Butterflies in the study area 3-41 3.23 Reptiles in the study area 3-42 3.24 Mammals in the core zone 3-42

Draft EIA report for Subhalakshami Polyesters Limited ix

3.25 Mammals in the buffer zone 3-43

3.26 Summary of demographic structure 3-45 3.27 Demographic structure in the study area 3-46

CHAPTER 4 4.1 Details of stack 4-4 4.2 Resultant concentrations due to incremental GLC 4-9 4.3 Raw water analysis 4-10 4.4 Water consumption 4-11 4.5 Waste water generated 4-13 4.6 Characteristics of treated and untreated waste water 4-16 4.7 Solid waste details 4-18 4.8 Hazardous waste details 4-19

CHAPTER 5 5.1 Energy saving calculations 5-12 5.2 Recommended plant species for green belt development 5-15 5.3 Plantation pattern 5-16 5.4 Budget allocation for green belt development 5-16 5.5 Species selected for plantation along the roadside of plant and

township.

5-17

5.6 Estimated cost for environmental management plan 5-20 CHAPTER 6

6.1 Sampling and analytical instruments required 6-2 6.2 Monitoring schedule 6-4

CHAPTER 7 7.1 Employment generation 7-2

CHAPTER 8 8.1 Hazardous properties of chemicals 8-2 8.2 Fire and explosion index for natural gas 8-4 8.3 Fire and explosion index for meg 8-5 8.4 Fire and explosion index for coal 8-7 8.5 Conclusion for fire, explosion & toxicity index 8-8 8.6 Hazards ranking 8-8 8.7 Other hazards and its controls 8-20 8.8 Reservoir capacity details 8-21 8.9 Control logic of system in kg/cm2 8-22 8.10 Hydrant accessories 8-23

CHAPTER 9 9.1 List of proposed safety equipment 9-6

CHAPTER 10 11.1 EIA team members 11-3

Draft EIA report for Subhalakshami Polyesters Limited x

List of figure Figure no. Content Page no.

CHAPTER 1 1.1 Google map of Project site and surrounding area 1-5 1.2 Google map of 10 km radius 1-6 1.3 Base map for 10 km 1-7

CHAPTER 2 2.1 Process flow diagram 2-7 2.2 Flow diagram of htm heater 2-9 2.3 Flow diagram of natural gas bas power plant 2-10 2.4 Flow diagram of etp 2-14

CHAPTER 3 3.1 Wind rose diagram 3-3 3.2 Air sampling locations 3-4 3.3 Ground water sampling locations 3-10 3.4 Surface water sampling locations 3-10 3.5 Satellite imagery 3-20 3.6 Land use land cover map of the study area 3-22 3.7 Map of Study Area 3-28

CHAPTER 4 4.1 Isopleths of particulate matter 4-6 4.2 Isopleths for sox 4-7 4.3 Isopleths of nox 4-8 4.4 Water balance diagram 4-12

CHAPTER 5 5.1 Environment management cell 5-19

CHAPTER 8 8.1(a) Fire model for natural gas 8-10 8.1(b) Input data and result 8-10 8.2(a) Explosion model – natural gas 8-11 8.2(b) Input data and results 8-11 8.3(a) Fire model - MEG 8-12 8.3(b) Input data and result 8-12

Draft EIA report for Subhalakshami Polyesters Limited xi

List of annexure Annexure no. Annexure 1 Lay out map 2 Water allocation confirmation 3 Gas allocation 4 Stack height guidelines 5 Rain water harvesting details 6 TSDF membership certificate 7 Meteorology data 8 TOR copy and its compliance

Draft EIA report for Subhalakshami Polyesters Limited 1-1

Chapter-1 Introduction

1.0 THE SHUBHALAKSHMI GROUP

M/s Shubhalakshmi Polyesters Ltd, is a company under the, Shubhalakshmi group, a

leading industrial group with its operations primarily based at Daman & Silvassa in the

Union Territories Of Daman, Dadra Nagar & Haveli. The core specialization of the group

is polyester yarn, with a strong emphasis on expansion of the existing capacities and

with focus on backward and forward integration made market in the Indian polyester

industry. With its total commitment to achieve customer satisfaction through

maintenance of high quality standards and backed by unmoving faith of our vendors

Shubhalakshmi over a period of time by virtue of hard work and passion to deliver the

thing to perfection, a small seed sown in 1987, has grown in to a huge tree. The

Shubhalakshmi group is promoted by Shri Ramuraman Agarwal (chairman), Shri

Bankeshchandra Agarwal, Shri Ajay Kumar Agarwal (managing director), Shri Manoj

Agarwal and Shri Vikas Agarwal.

The group boasts of an annual production capacity of 30000 metric tons of high quality

polyester filament yarns (POY). In addition to standard yarns, the group manufactures a

wide variety of differentiated and customized products. Among them are high tenacity,

differential shrinkage, micro-filament, cationic, stretch, and specially tailored products.

The group has achieved and maintained industrial excellence and laid a strong

foundation for dynamic group activities. It has emerged as a lean, agile and supremely

fit corporation in the decade of economic liberalization and globalization. It is committed

to make its due presence felt in the domestic as well as international market.

1.1 THE PROPOSED PROJECT

The Shubhalakshami group proposes to install polyester yarn producing unit at Survey

no. 81-87, 90-96, 98-102, 113, 119,120, 123-127, Village: Bhensali, Taluka: Vagra,

District: Bharuch, State: Gujarat.

The company proposes to install the plant in three phases. The detail break up of

production capacity for each phase is given in the below table


Table 1.1: Detail of Proposed Generation Facility

SR.

NO

NAME OF PRODUCT I PHASE

Addition

II PHASE

Addition

III PHASE

Addition

TOTAL

PRODUCTION

CAPACITY

1 POY/FDY/DTY(Partially

Oriented yarn/Fully drawn

Yarn/Texturising yarn)

146000

MT/annum

127750

MT/annum

273500

MT/annum

547250

MT/annum

2 Intermediate

Products(Polyester chips)

*127750

MT/annum

-- -- 127750

MT/annum

3 Gas Engine based captive

power plant

10.68 MWH

5.34

MWH

16.02 MWH 32.04 MWH

*In the second phase POY will manufacture from intermediate Product chip manufacture in 1st phase.

The major product will be Polyester Filament Yarn whereas Polyester Chips will be

produced as intermediate product in the first phase only whereas in the second and third

phase, polyester filament yarn will be produced as major product and sold directly in the

market.

In order to meet the power requirement of the unit the project proponents have also

proposed to install captive gas based power plant phase wise a total capacity of 32.04

MW.

The proposed schedule of implementation would be as below:

1st Phase : March 2012

2nd Phase : March 2013

3rd Phase : December 2014

1.2 NEED OF PROJECT

Due to increase in market demand of Partially Oriented Yarn, the group proposed to

install the POY plant at Dahej, Gujarat.

In order to meet the demand of polyster chip in house, company has proposed to

manufacture the same within the premises.


1.3 CAPITAL COST OF THE PROJECT

The total cost of project and its phase wise bifurcation is as given below

1st Phase : Rs. 378 Crores

2nd Phase : Rs. 250 Crores

3rd Phase : Rs. 700 Crores

Total Cost : Rs. 1328 Crores

1.4 SALIENT FEATURES OF SITE

The location of the proposed unit is decided based on availability of the basic

infrastructure and easily accessible raw material and near market as well as it fall under

PCPIR (Petroleum, Chemical and Petrochemical Investment Region) Dahej Area.

Moreover there is easily assessable connectivity to the national highways.

The salient features of the project are as mentioned below:

• The proposed project is within PCPIR (Petroleum, Chemical and Petrochemical

Investment Region); Dahej area hence basic infrastructure like road, drainage,

electricity and water is readily available.

• Suitability of the land from topographical and geological considerations.

• Location away from forests, national park/sanctuaries, other places of defence,

religious, cultural and ecologically sensitive elements.

• Existing road connectivity to the plant site is adequate for movement of

equipment, construction materials, pipes, etc.

• Availability of fuel gas linkage.

• Availability of source of water adequate to meet the plant requirements near the

project site.

• The project is optimized in terms of resource and energy conservation through

continuous Cleaner Production initiatives.


Table 1.2: Site Salient Features

Project survey no.

Village

Taluka

District

State

Survey no. 81-87, 90-96, 98-102, 113, 119,120,123-127

Bhensali,

Vagra,

Dist: Bharuch

Gujarat

Latitude 21o 43’ 17.3’’ N

Longitude 72o 45’ 32.5’’ E

Nearest Village Bhensali: approx 0.52 Km

Nearest town/ city Dahej: approx 20 Km

Bharuch: approx 25 Km

Nearest railway station Bharuch: approx 25 Km

Highway NH 8 : approx 28 Km

Bharuch-Dahej Rd: approx 0.21 Km

SH 64: approx 20 Km

Nearest port Dahej: approx 22 Km

National Park/ wildlife sanctuary/forest

None within the 10 km radius

Distance to Creek 0.8 Km

Heritage site None within 10 Km radius

** Aerial distance is considered

The satellite image of the project site with the surrounding area is as shown in the figure

below


Figure 1.1: Google map of project site and surrounding area


Figure 1.2: Google map of 10 Km radius

Bharuch Dahej Road

Narmada River


Figure 1.3: Base map of 10 Km radius

Draft EIA report for Subhalakshmi Polyesters Limited 1-8

1.5 DETAIL LAND AREAS BREAK UP

Total build up area (1st phase) : 1,32,520 sq m

Total build up area (2nd phase) : 26,828 sq m

Total build up area (3rd phase) : 43589 sq m

Total build up area for power plant : 4655 sq m

Common plot area/ open area : 37568 sq m

Green belt area : 198200 sq m

ETP : 900 sq m

Water treatment area : 480 sq m

Loading/ unloading/ storage area : 25350 sq m

Storage tank : 510 sq m

Waste storage area : 1000 sq m

Total area acquired : 471600 sq m

The detailed lay out plan with proposed entry/ exit gates and provision of continuous

peripheral open path is attached herewith as annexure 1.

1.6 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The proposed project i.e. Man made fibers (others) fall under category B, Sr. no. 5 (d) in

the Government of India Notification no. 1533 dated 14th September, 2006; which require

prior Environmental Clearance before starting construction, production or any other allied

activities related to the project. For getting the Environmental Clearance; it is required to

carry out the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study report.

For the preparation of EIA study, Subhalakshami Polyester Limited retained M/s Detox

Corporation Private Limited, an QCI accredited consultant.

1.7 DEFINITION of EIA

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a formal process used to predict how industrial

development or construction project will affect natural resources such as water, air, land,

socioeconomic and bio ecological environment.

An EIA usually involves a sequence of steps:


(1) Screening to decide if a project requires assessment and to what level of detail.

(2) Preliminary assessment to identify key impacts, their magnitude, significance, and

importance.

(3) Scoping to ensure the EIA focuses on key issues and to determine, where more detailed

information is needed.

(4) Implementing the main EIA study, which involves detailed investigations to predict

impacts, assess their consequences.

1.8 METHODOLOGY

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) studies include identification, assessment,

quantitative evaluation and prediction of possible impacts. To minimize the impact of the

project on various environmental attributes, mitigation measures are suggested for

implementation along with the project.

The methodology of this study can be schematized as detailed below:

To gather information on present environmental conditions and relevant national

environmental guidelines and EIA procedures.

Scoping of impacts.

Assessment of significant impacts.

Description of residual impacts.

Development of monitoring plans.

To inform all relevant and involved authorities regarding the impact of the project on

the environment and the proposed mitigation measures.

1.9 SCOPE OF ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA)

The EIA report has been prepared as per the TOR issued by State Level Expert Appraisal

Committee vide letter no. EIA-10-2010-762-E/ 75957 dated 28th March 2011. The copy of

same is attached as annexure 8 with its compliance status.

1.10 ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION APPLICABLE TO THE PROJECT

With respect to prevention and control of environmental pollution, the following Acts and

Rules of Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India govern the proposed

project:

• Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 as amended thereafter


• Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 as amended thereafter

• Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 amended in 1991 and Environment (Protection)

rules,1986 and amendments thereafter

• Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1989, as amended thereafter

• The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 and as amended thereafter

Clearance from Gujarat pollution control board:

According to section 21 of Air (Prevention& control of pollution) Act, 1981 and section 25 of

water (Prevention & Control of pollution) act, 1974, no person shall establish or operate any

activity, which can cause air or water pollution without obtaining Consent to Establish (CTE).

As per the above mentioned Air and Water act, CTE has to be obtained from Gujarat

Pollution Control Board (GPCB) in the form of No Objection Certificate (NOC) after the

submission of Air/water consent forms with requisite fees. This NOC has to be subsequently

followed by Consolidated Consent & Authorization (CC&A) before staring Production

Activities.

Environment Clearance from Environment Impact Assessment Authority (EIAA) As

Per EIA Notification (S.O. 1533) Dated 14th September 2006 & Amended

Thereafter.

In exercise of the powers conferred by sub-section (1) and clause (v) of sub-section (2) of

section 3 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, and clause (d) of sub-rule (3) of rule 5

of the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986 and in supersession of the notification number

S.O. 60 (E) dated the 27th January, 1994, the Central Government directed that on and

from the date of the publication (14th September 2009) of the EIA notification (SO 1553),

construction of new projects or activities or the expansion or modernization of existing

projects or activities listed in the Schedule shall be undertaken in any part of India only

after the prior environmental clearance from the Central Government or as the case may

be, by the State Level Environment Impact Assessment Authority, duly constituted by the

Central Government under sub-section (3) of section 3 of the said Act, in accordance with

the procedure specified hereinafter in this notification.

Other Environmental Legislation Applicable To the Project:

Any project activities will be governed by various acts and rules and regulation set by

Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF) at the central level and other regulatory


agencies at the state levels. Various environmental standards and guidelines of Central

Pollution Control Board and Gujarat state pollution Control Board will also be applicable.

The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 as amended deals

comprehensively with water issues. It empowers the Government to constitute Pollution

Control Boards to maintain the wholesomeness of national water bodies. It enables Central

and State Pollution Control Boards to prescribe standards and has provisions for monitoring

& compliance and penal provisions against the violators of the Act. It provides the permit

system i.e. “Consent” procedure to prevent and control of water pollution. The Act

empowers State Boards to issue directions to the defaulters.

Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 has a broad coverage in which ‘Environment’

includes water, air and land and there exists an interrelationship among water, air, land,

human beings and other creatures. It empowers to take measures in protecting and

improving the quality of the environment through preventing, controlling and abating

environmental pollution. The Government is authorized to set national standards for

ambient environmental quality and controlling discharges to regulate industrial locations, to

prescribe procedure for hazardous substance management and to collect and disseminate

information regarding environmental pollution. The Act provides for severe penalties for

those who fail to comply with or contravenes any provision of the Act.

The Manufacture, Storage, Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules, 1989 and its

amendments under EPA, 1986 has identified the responsibilities of various stakeholders for

management of chemicals and containment of spillage.

The Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 1989 and its subsequent

Amendment 2000 were created to provide ‘cradle-to grave’ or comprehensive guidance to

the generators, transporters and operators of disposal facilities among others, and

monitoring norms for State governments.

As per the provisions of Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1989, as

amended, every occupier handling, or recycler recycling, hazardous wastes including facility

for collection, reception, treatment, transport, storage and disposal of such wastes is

required to obtain authorization from concerned State Pollution Control Board

(SPCB)/Pollution Control Committee (PCC) in UT for any of the said activities.


MoEF notification S.O.470 (E) – 21st June, 1999 Environment (Siting for Industrial Projects)

Rules, 1999

MoEF Notification G.S.R. 37I (E) dated 17th May, 2002. In exercise of the powers conferred

by sections 6 and 25 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (29 of 1986), the Central

Government made the following rules further to amend the Environment (Protection) Rules,

1986, regarding noise limit for generator sets run with diesel

The maximum permissible sound pressure level for new diesel generator (DG)sets with

rated capacity up to 1000 KVA, manufactured on or after the 1st July,2003 shall be 75

dB(A) at 1 meter from the enclosure surface.

The diesel generator sets should be provided with integral acoustic enclosure at the

manufacturing stage itself. The user shall make efforts to bring down the noise levels due to

the DG set, outside his premises, within the ambient noise requirements by proper siting

and control measures.

S.O. 123(E). - The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 dated 14

February, 2000

Due to the increasing ambient noise levels in public places from various sources; industrial

activity, construction activity, generator sets, loud speakers, public address systems, music

systems, vehicular horns and other mechanical devices have deleterious effects on human

health and the psychological well being of the people, it was considered necessary to

regulate and control noise producing and generating sources with the objective of

maintaining the ambient air quality standards. In this respect following noise quality

standard was suggested.

Table 1.3: Ambient Noise Quality Standards in respect of public places

Area

Code

Category of

Area/Zone

Limits in dB(A) Leq *

Day time Night time

(A) Industrial area 75 70

(B) Commercial area 65 55

(C) Residential area 55 45

(D) Silence zone 50 40


Day time shall mean from 6.00 a.m. to 10.00 p.m. and Night time shall mean from 10.00

p.m. to 6.00 a.m.

CPCB NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS

MoEF amended National Ambient Air Quality Standards by the notification G.S.R. 826(E)

dated 16th November 2009,in exercise of the power conferred by section 6 and section 25

of Environment (protection) act 1986, amended Environment (Protection) rule 1986 as

Environment (Protection) seventh Amendment rules 2009.

Table 1.4 : Ambient air Quality standard

Pollutants Time-

weighted

average

Concentration in Ambient

air

Method of measurement

Industrial

Areas

Residential,

Rural &

other Areas

Ecologically

Sensitive

Areas

Notified

Sulphur

Dioxides

(SO2)

Annual 50 µg/m3 20 µg/m3 Improved West and Geake

Method

- Ultraviolet Fluorescence

24

hours**

80 µg/m3 80 µg/m3

Oxides of

Nitrogen as

(NO2)

Annual*

Average

40 µg/m3 30 µg/m3 Jacob & Hochheiser Modified

(Na-Arsenate) Method

Gas Phase Chemi-

luminescence

24

hours**

80 µg/m3 80 µg/m3

Particulate

Matter (PM)

(size less than

10 microns or

PM10

Annual

Average*

60 µg/m3 60 µg/m3 Gravimetric

TOEM

Beta attenuation 24

hours**

100 µg/m3 100 µg/m3

Particulate

Matter (PM)

(size less than

2.5 microns or

PM 2.5

Annual

Average*

40 µg/m3 40 µg/m3 Gravimetric

TOEM

Beta attenuation 24

hours**

60 µg/m3 60 µg/m3

8 hours* 100 µg/m3 100 µg/m3 UV photometric


Ozone 1

hours**

180 µg/m3 180 µg/m3 Chemical methods

Lead (Pb) Annual

Average*

0.5 µg/m3 0.5 µg/m3 ASS/ICP Method after

sampling using EPM 2000 or

equivalent Filter paper

ED-XRF using Teflon filter

paper

24

hours**

1.0 µg/m3 1.0 µg/m3

Ammonia

NH3

Annual

Average*

100 µg/m3 100 µg/m3 Chemi-luminescence ,

Indophenol blue method

24

hours**

400 µg/m3 400 µg/m3

Carbon

Monoxide

(CO)

8

hours**

0.2 mg/m3 0.2 mg/m3 Spectroscopy

Non dispersive infra red

(NDIR) 1 hour 0.4 mg/m3 0.4 mg/m3

* Annual Arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year

taken twice a week 24 hourly at uniform interval.

** 24 hourly/8 hourly values should be met 98% of the time in a year.

However, 2% of the time, it may exceed but not on two consecutive

days.

1.11 STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT

This report is organized into eleven sections.

Section 2: Depicts the details of the proposed project, auxiliary and supporting facilities. It

includes technology and process description.

Section 3: Presents the baseline environmental conditions in the vicinity of the project site

and within 10 Km radius of the project. Data pertaining to the ambient air quality, surface

and ground water quality, soil quality, land-use pattern, flaura – fauna study and

socioeconomic environment has been presented.

Section 4: Presents predicted environmental impacts due to construction and operational

phases of the proposed POY and power plant. Air quality modeling results and minimum

required stack heights, water requirement - wastewater generation and solid and hazardous

waste handling requirements have been discussed. In addition to this the likely residual


impacts on the ecological and biological environment and socioeconomic aspects have been

analyzed.

Section 5: Presents various environmental management plans. Various resources

conservation and recycling opportunities has been discussed.

Section 6: Presents the post project environment monitoring programme

Section 7: Presents project benefit of the project

Section 8: Presents quantified risks due to handling of raw material and process, if any, at

the proposed project.

Section 9: Presents Disaster management programme for the project

Section 10: Summary & Conclusion

Section 11: Disclosure of Consultants engaged with their brief resume and nature of

Consultancy rendered

Draft EIA of Shubhalakshami Polyesters Limited 2-1

Chapter-2 Project Description

The design, manufacture, inspection, testing and installation of all equipment and systems

of the proposed project shall confirm to the latest applicable editions of Indian codes and

standards. Best engineering practices shall be followed wherever the relevant standards are

not available.

2.1 PRODUCT DETAILS

The company proposes to install the plant in three phases. The detail break up of production

capacity for each phase is given in the table below

Table 2.1: Detail of Product

SR.

NO

NAME OF PRODUCT I PHASE

Addition

II PHASE

Addition

III PHASE

Addition

TOTAL

PRODUCTION

CAPACITY

1 POY/FDY/DTY(Partially

Oriented yarn/Fully drawn

Yarn/Texturising yarn)

146000

MT/annum

127750

MT/annum

273500

MT/annum

547250

MT/annum

2 Intermediate

Products(Polyester chips)

*127750

MT/annum

-- -- 127750

MT/annum

3 Gas Engine based captive

power plant

10.68 MWH

5.34

MWH

16.02 MWH 32.04 MWH

* Intermediate Product chip manufactured in 1st phase will be reused as raw material for production of

POY in 2nd Phase.

The major product will be Polyester Filament Yarn, FDY and DTY in all the three phases.

Polyster chips produced as intermediate product in the first phase shall be later used as raw

material for production of POY in second stage.

In order to meet the power requirement of the unit the project proponents have also

proposed to install captive gas based power plant with total capacity of 32.04 MW. Power

plant shall also be installed in three phases. The phase wise installation capacity is given in

table 2.1.


2.2 RAW MATERIAL DETAILS

The phase wise consumption of raw material is given in the table below:

Table 2.2: Raw material consumption

RAW MATERIALS CONSUMPTION, MT/ANNUM

First phase

Addition

Second

phase

Addition

Third phase

Addition

Total

PTA (Purified Terpthalic acid) 234878 0 234878 469756

MEG (Mono Ethylene Glycol) 91433 0 91433 182866

Antimony Trioxide 83 0 83 166

Titanium dioxide 830 0 830 1660

Spin Finish oil 730 638 1368 2736

Modifier 41 0 41 82

Polyester chips (Intermediate

Products)*

0 127750* 0 127750

*In the second phase POY will be manufactured from intermediate Product chip manufacture in 1st phase.

2.3 FUEL CONSUMPTION

Natural gas required for the gas based power plant will be mainly sourced from the Indian

Oil Corporation Limited. Gas will be supplied to the site via pipelines.

Table 2.3: Fuel consumption details

FUEL FIRST PHASE SECOND PHASE THIRD PHASE TOTAL

CONSUMPTION

Natural Gas 50000 SCM/day 44000 SCM/day 104000 SCM/day 198000 SCM/day

We have applied for gas to IOCL and the application copy of same is attached as annexure

3.

The fuel utilized in TFH (Thermic Fluid Heater) will be imported coal/ Indian coal. Coal shall

be obtained from open market and same shall be brought to site by truck or dumpers. The

total quantity of fuel to be used for the project along with the phase wise break up is as

given in the table below:


Table 2.4: Fuel consumption details

FUEL FIRST PHASE SECOND PHASE THIRD PHASE TOTAL

CONSUMPTION

Coal 100 MT/DAY --- 100 MT/DAY 200 MT/day

2.4 FUEL ANALYSIS DETAILS

The detailed analysis report of fuel is as given below:

Table 2.5: Analysis of Natural Gas Used for power generation

Lower Heating Value 8997.19 kcal/Sm3

Compressibility Factor 0.9776

COMPOSITION (% by volume)

Methane CH4 89.48

Ethane C2H6 7.0

Propane C3H8 2.49

i-Butane C4H10 0.32

n-Butane C4H10 0.44

i-Pentane C5H12 0.01

n-Pentane C5H124 36.05

Hexanes C6H14 0.17

Carbon Dioxide CO2 0.25

Nitrogen N2 0.22

Table 2.6: Analysis of coal

Sr. No Parameter

Indian Coal Imported Coal

1. Total moisture 10-15% 32%

2. Inherent moisture 5.3% 15%

3. Ash 30 % 10 %

4. Volatile matter 20-23% 40%

5. Fixed carbon 20-30R 41%

6. Sulphur 0.5 % 0.7%

7. GCV 3800 kcal/kg 5400 kcal/kg


8. Carbon 32-40 % 53.4%

9. Hydrogen 2.0-2.5 % 6.2%

10. Oxygen 5.0-8.5 % 35.7%

11. Nitrogen 0.6-0.9 % 0.7%

2.5 MANUFACTURING PROCESS – POY/FDY/ POLYSTER CHIPS

There are total 4 reactors to complete the process

• Estrification Reactor-1

• Estrification Reactor-2

• Prepoly condensation reactor-1

• Final poly condensation reactor-1

In the first step PTA and MEG is mixed in the reactor and slurry is formed. This slurry is fed

in the estrification reactor 1 through pumps.

Estrification Reactor-1

Slurry is fed in this reactor and monomer formation takes place. The temperature during

this process is maintained between 260 to 266 deg C. The monomer formed in reactor 1 is

further fed into reactor 2. The major bye product of this stage is waste water which is send

to ETP for further treatment.

Estrification Reactor-2

In this reactor the temperature is maintained between 265 to 269 deg C. Water is

generated as bye product which is send to ETP. After complete monomer formation in this

reactor the same is transferred to pre poly condensation reactor.

Prepoly condensation reactor-1

Monomer is fed into prepolymerization reactor wherein temperature is maintained between

272-279 deg C. Here 50% polymerization takes place and the product is fed to the final

polycondensation reactor wherein complete polymerization is achieved. Bye product of this

stage is ethylene glycol which is reused after purification.

Final poly condensation reactor-1

50 % converted polymer is fed into reactor from polycondensation reactor-1 to make it 100

% polymer. Final product is obtained at temperature between 280-284 deg C. This final


product is later cooled and partially converted to chips and the rest are transferred to yarn

plant. By product of this stage is ethylene glycol and it is reused after purification.

Polymers formed are than transferred to the spinning beam of POY plant through booster

pumps. Here polymers are converted to yarn through spinnerets at required pressure

through various gear pumps. The yarn formed is then quenched with cool air and oil

applied.

Yarn is then transferred through interflow tubes and godets on high speed winders. This is

final product and packed on pallets and boxes.

2.5.1 Chemical reactions

Stage 1: Estrification

PTA and MEG are first mixed into a paste and the mixture subjected to an Estrification

reaction at a temperature of ~ 260 ºC. (Note: Estrification is the general name for a

chemical reaction in which two chemicals - typically an alcohol and an acid - form an ester

as the reaction product).

Estrification reaction is the reaction of an Organic Acid called Pure Terephthalic Acid (“PTA”)

with an Alcohol – Monoethylene Glycol (“MEG”). The reaction product is a mixture of a

dimer bis-hydroxyethylene Terephthalate and higher oligomers as shown below

Monomer formation

Stage 2: Ethylene Glycol (MEG) Removal and Prepolymerisation:

In this step the excess MEG from Stage 1 is removed and the molecular weight of the

mixture increased. This reaction is conducted under vacuum to enable easy removal of the

MEG.


Polymer formation

Stage 3: Polymerization:

The polymerization step is carried out in a horizontal reactor with sophisticated internal

mechanisms to accommodate the very high viscosity of the resulting polymer. The internal

working of the reactor enables extensive renewal of the liquid surface, to remove the last

traces of MEG. As the MEG is removed, the polymer viscosity is built up until it reaches an

intrinsic viscosity of 0.62 to 0.65. This reactor is normally referred to in the polyester

industry as the Disc cage reactor, the Disc ring reactor, the Finisher or high polymeriser.

After this step the polymer is extruded into strands and granulated, after cooling, into

polyester chips.


Figure 2.1: Process Flow diagram


2.5.2 Material balance diagram

Table 2.7: Material Balance for one ton of Polymer

Input Output

Raw material (tons) % Products/ Bye products %

PTA 0.856 71.76 POLYMER 0.9934 83.28

MEG 0.333 27.92 POY yarn & Polymer waste 0.0100 0.84

ADDITIVES 0.0038 0.32 **BYE PRODUCT WATER 0.1894 15.88

TOTAL 1.1928 100 1.1928 100

2.5.3 Working of Heat Transfer Media

Therminol 66 Heat Transfer Media (HTM) is heated in Coal fired heater where coal is the

fuel.

HTM is used as Heat Transfer Media in the process reactors.

HTM is circulated and heated in a Tubular heater. Exhaust gases from the heater are sent

through waste heat recovery boiler where steam is generated .Outlet of Waste heat

recovery boiler is connected to air pre heater for air heating. The preheated air is used for

fuel combustion. Air preheated outlet flue gases are sent through multi cyclone separator to

separate solid particles from flue gases. The flue gases are made to flow at cyclonic speed

and made to rotate in a cylindrical vessel. When the solid particles attain high speed, it

picks up centrifugal force and chooses to hold to outer surface while gases retain high speed

due to its velocity factor. In the center, gas outlet is provided for gases to go out while due

to centrifugal force the solid material is unable to change direction and it goes downward

and gets separated.

Dust removal efficiency of cyclone separator is 98%.

Outlet of Multi cyclone separator is connected with wet film separator where recycled water

is sprayed and mixed with dust. Thus slurry is formed and is drained to Ash pool. The

details of multi cyclone and wet film separator are discussed in chapter 5, section 5.2.2.2,

page 5-4.


Figure 2.2: Flow diagram of HTM heater

2.6 MANUFACTURING PROCESS - POWER PLANT

A Natural Gas Engine is similar to the engine used in car except that instead of using liquid

gasoline as a fuel source, natural gas is used as the fuel source. A gas engine converts the

chemical energy of natural gas to mechanical energy.

It is proposed to install natural gas base captive power plant. Total power requirement for

all the three phase will be 32.04 MW. The power plant installation will be done phase wise

as per the requirement in each phase.

Total 12 nos. of engines will be installed with power generation capacity of 2.67 MW each.

Phase wise installation of engines is as given below:

Phase No. of engine Power Generation

Phase 1 4 10.68 MW

Phase 2 2 5.34 MW

Phase 3 6 16.02 MW

Total 12 32.04 MW


2.6.1 Working of Four Stroke - Engine

The 4 stroke operations in a engine are: induction stroke, compression stroke, ignition and

power stroke and exhaust stroke.

1st Induction stroke - while the inlet valve is open, the descending piston draws in fresh

air.

2nd Compression stroke - while the valves are closed, the air is compressed to a pressure

of up to 25 bar.

3rd Ignition and power stroke - fuel is injected, while the valves are closed (fuel injection

actually starts at the end of the previous stroke), the fuel ignites spontaneously and the

piston is forced downwards by the combustion gases.

4th Exhaust stroke - the exhaust valve is open and the rising piston discharges the spent

gases from the cylinder.

Figure 2.3: Flow diagram of natural gas bas power plant

2.7 UTILITIES

2.7.1 Heat Recovery System

a) Gas Engine Heat Recovery

Flue gases coming out of Gas engine will have 400 Deg C temperatures. This flue gases are

initially passed to Thermic fluild heater in order to increase the temperature of heat transfer


media. The temperature in heating media in the thermic fluid heater is raised from 295 Dec

C to 320 Deg C.

The flue gas from the Thermic fluid heater shall be diverted to heat recovery system. The

flue gases from the heat recovery system shall be passed to Vapor adsorption chiller in

order to reduce the temperature to 150 Deg C. The flue gases emitted in the atmosphere

shall be maintained at 150 deg C.

b) Vam Chillers at Main Plant

Exhaust steam from process column is emitted with the flow of 12000 kg/hr and

temperature of 100 deg C. While passing this steam through the VAM chiller heat recovery

of 6 m kcal is possible

c) Thermic Fluid Heater and Recovery

In case of Thermic fluid heater process that is close loop circulation, Heat transfer media is

heated to 325 Deg C in coal fired heater and then circulated to main plants for heating.

Return temperature of this heat transfer media is about 295 Deg C and then return to

heater through Heat Recovery Unit.

Flue gases with temperature around 360 Deg C are emitted. The same flue gases are

passed through waste Heat Recovery boiler to generate the steam and same steam will be

used in manufacturing process. The flue gases from the heat recovery system shall be

passed to Vapor adsorption chiller in order to reduce the temperature to 150 Deg C.

The flue gases temperature release from the stack will be maintained at 150 Deg C.

Through this process heat recovery of 1.06 m kcal is possible

d) Recovery through Stripper Column

Exhaust steam from STRIPPER column is emitted with the flow of 1000 kg/hr and

temperature of 100 deg c. The same is passed through the HTM Heater and heat recovery

of 0.33 m kcal is done.

2.7.2 Compressor

It is proposed to install three type of compressor low, medium and high having pressure of

4, 7 and 10 kg/cm2 with flow rate of 18,000 Nm3/h, 3500 Nm3/h and 2700 Nm3/h

respectively. Each phase will have installation of single compressor and accordingly three

compressors will be installed in total three phases.


2.7.3 Nitrogen plant

It is proposed to install one no. of Nitrogen plant having capacity of 150 m3.

The Compressed and purified Process air will flow through an absorber vessel filled with

carbon molecular sieve (CMS). When passing the absorber vessel from the bottom to the

top, oxygen molecules are adsorbed on the surface of the CMS and nitrogen enriched gas

leaves the absorber vessel, this product gas is led into a buffer tank. After a certain time the

CMS in absorber vessel is saturated with oxygen and needs to be regenerated. For

regeneration the adsorption cycle is stopped and the pressure in the absorber vessel is

released. To guarantee a continuous nitrogen supply, a second absorber vessel is utilized.

While one absorber is in regeneration or so-called desorption mode, the second vessel is in

adsorption mode. Since adsorption and desorption are achieved by alternating pressures in

the absorber vessels, this process is called Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA). The

System Two absorber vessels are used to guarantee a continuous nitrogen supply.

2.7.4 Water Treatment plant

It is proposed to install the softener plant with capacity of 88 m3/h in 1st and 3rd phase. The

same shall be used for cooling tower.

Also proposed to installed DM plant of 6 m3/h capacity in 1st and 3rd phase to fulfill the

requirement of boiler makeup and process water for cutting and preparation of Spin oil

solution.

2.7.5 Effluent Treatment Plant

The waste water generated from the process, spin oil reject and due to the chemical

reaction will be treated in effluent treatment plant of 250 m3/ day capacity in 1st and 3rd

phase. Total two units of ETP shall be installed. The treatment scheme of the effluent

treatment plan is as given below:

• The raw wastewater shall enter in to the equilization tank which is provided with air

purging system to keep the particulate matter in suspension.

• Effluent Transfer Pump shall transfer the effluent from Equalization Tank to Upflow

Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor (UASBR)

• From the UASBR supernatant shall be transferred to the first stage Aeration tank for

further removal of organic load followed with the first stage secondary settling tank.

• Supernatant from the secondary settling tank shall be transferred to secondary stage

aeration tank followed with the Secondary stage settling tank.


• Supernatant from the Secondary Settling Tank shall be transferred to the Flash Mixer

– 1 where lime dosing takes place and then effluent transferred to Flash mixer -2

where ferrous Sulphate dosing will be done.

• From the Flash mixture the effluent shall be transferred to the flocculation chamber

where gradual dosing of polyelectrolyte shall be done. This mixture is then

transferred to Primary Settling Tank.

• Sludge from the first stage and second stage secondary settling tank shall be

transferred to Sludge drying bed.

• From the Primary Settling Tank Supernetent transferred to the intermediate

collection

• Tank and further treated through Pressure Sand Filter and Activated Carbon Filter.

• Thereafter treated water to be stored in Treated Water Storage Tank for further

utilization of different purposes.

• The sludge from Primary Settling Tank, further dewatered through filter press bed

and after that sludge shall be disposed off to secured land fill site.

• Leachate from the filter Beds shall be collected and directed to equalization tank for

further treatment.


Figure 2.4: Flow Diagram of ETP


Table.2.8: Capacity of ETP Sr.

No.

Units No. of

units

Sizing Capacity Retention

time

1. Equilization tank 1 5.4 m x 5.4 m x 3.5 m 102 m3 11 hours

2. Upflow anaerobic sludge

blanket reactor

1 4 Φ x 5 m 63 m3 6 hours

3. Aerobic tank – 1 1 7.4 m x 7.4 m x (4.5 +

0.5)m

273.8 m3 24 hours

4. Secondary settling tank – 1 1 3.5 m x 3.5 m x 3.5 m 42.87 m3 20

m3/m2/day

5. Aerobic tank -2 1 7.4 m x 7.4 x (4.5 + 0.3) 262.84 m3 24 hours

6. Secondary settling tank – 2 1 3.5 m x 3.5 m x 3.5 m 42.87 m3 20

m3/m2/day

7. Flash mixer – 1 1 100 liter -- --

8. Flash mixer – 2 1 100 liter -- --

9. Flocculation tank 1 1.8 m x 1.8 m x 1.5 m 4.86 m3 30 minutes

10. Primary settling tank 1 2.5 m x 2.5 m x 3.5 m 21.87 m3 50

m3/m2/day

11. Intermediate collection tank 1 3.6 m x 3.6 m x 3.2 m 41.47 m3 4 hours

12. Pressure sand filter 1 1.0 Φ x 2.5 m ---- 15

m3/m2/day

13. Activate carbon filter 1 1.0 Φ x 2.5 m --- 15

m3/m2/day

14. Final collection tank 1 4.8 m x 4.8 m x 3.2 m 73.72 m3 8 hours

15. Sludge sump 1 4.6 m x 4.6 m x 3.5 m 74.06 m3 6 hours

The detail effluent treatability study and the adequacy of the proposed treatment facilities

for the waste water to be generated along with adequacy and efficiency report is given in

chapter 4, section 4.4, page 4-14.

2.7.6 D G Sets

One number of Silent DG set shall be installed as stand by arrangement each having the

capacity 125 KVA. Diesel will be used as fuel and it shall be procured as and when required.

The diesel requirement for the same shall be 11.25 lit/hour and shall be procured as and

when required. The location of same is shown on lay out map as annexure 1.

Draft EIA for Shubhalakshami Polyesters Limited 3-1

Chapter-3 Baseline Environment

The pre project assessment of environmental quality in the vicinity of a site identified for

the proposed industrial development serves as the baseline data and also helps in the

identification of impacts corresponding to project activities. The baseline environmental

quality is the assessement through field studies within the impact zone (10 km radius) for

various environmental parameters, viz. Ambient Air, Noise level, Surface and ground Water

quality, Land environment, Biological environment and Socio-economic aspects. The present

Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment study is based on pre-project environmental

quality monitored during winter season within 10 km around the proposed site. The field

surveys of all environmental components were accomplished during 1st December 2010 to

28 February 2011

3.1 AIR ENVIRONMENT

The quality of air depends on the meteorological conditions, the back ground concentration

of the pollutants and the nearby emission source. Based on the existing air environment,

the impact due to the upcoming project is quantified by the help of the mathematical model

(ISC-ST3).

3.1.1 Design Network for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations

The following criterion was taken into account while selcting ambient air quality monitoring

network:

• Air monitoring network is identified by considering the predominant wind direction

and wind speed using the meteorological data obtained from the continous weather

monitoring station located near IPCL, Dahej,

• Density of population within the region

• Residential and sensitive areas

Meteorological data at the project site during study period is an essential requirement for

proper interpretation of baseline air quality status. The same data is also useful in prediction

of impacts through mathematical modelling.


3.1.2 Meteorology of study area

Meteorological data were collected on hourly basis from continous wathre monitoring

station. The principle meteorological variables are horizontal convective transport (average

wind speed and direction), vertical convective transport (atmospheric stability, mixing

height) and topography of the area. The micrometeorological conditions at the project site

will regulate the transport and diffusion of air pollutants released into the atmosphere.

Meterological parameter fluctuation during the study period is described below.

Temperature

The temperature in the study area varied between 10 0C- 37 0C during the study period.

Relative Humidity

The relative humidity in the study area varied between 0 % to 93 %.

Wind Speed

The wind speed in the study area was observed to be between 0 m/s to 31.6 m/s. The

average wind speed in the area was 1.86 m/s.

Wind Direction

From the wind rose diagram it is observed that predominant wind direction is North – East

to South - West.


Figure 3.1: Wind Rose Diagram


3.1.3 Existing Air quality

Ambient air quality was monitored twice in week for 24 hourly average basis as per

guidelines of CPCB and NAAQS. The conventional and project specific parameters such as

PM10, PM2.5, Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), were monitored at different

monitoring locations within 10 Km radius from the project site during the study period.

3.1.3.1 Air monitoring locations

Total of 6 locations were considered for study of air quality within 10 Km radius from the

project site. Based on the prevailing wind direction and as per the guidelines of MoEF and

CPCB two upwind sites and three downwind location with respect to the project sites were

monitored for air quality apart from the project site itself. The details of air monitoring

locations are enlisted in the table 3.1 and also depicted in Figure no. 3.2 below.

Figure 3.2: Air sampling locations

AAQ -1

AAQ -6 AAQ -5

AAQ -4

AAQ -3

AAQ -2


The distance and direction of monitoring station with respect to project site is given in the

table 3.1 below.

Table 3.1: Air monitoring locations

Village Sampling code Direction Distance Latitude Longitude

Project Site AAQ 1 -- -- 21° 43’ 29.4” N 72° 45’ 15.2” E

Atali AAQ 2 West 5.29 Km 21° 43’ 20.6” N 72° 42’ 17.7” E

Kaladara AAQ 3 South West 7.67 Km 21° 41’ 26.8” N 72° 44’ 34.4” E

Koliyad AAQ 4 South West 7.10 Km 21° 41’ 37.9” N 72° 41’ 35.1” E

Khojbal AAQ 5 North West 2.02 Km 21° 44’ 27.6” N 72° 45’ 5.8” E

Amleshwar AAQ 6 North West 7.16 Km 21° 44’ 18” N 72° 49’ 13.1” E

3.1.3.2 Method of Analysis

The different analysis method used for different pollutants with the minimum detection limit

is given in the table below.

Table 3.2: Analysis methods and Instrument details

Sr

No.

Name Of

Parameter

Monitoring Technique Detection

Limit

Instrument Details

1 PM10 IS 5182 (Pt 23) 1 μg/Nm3 High volume air sampler with

RSPM

2 PM2.5 --- --- Fin e Particulate Sampler

3 SO2 IS-5182(part 2):2001

EPA modified West and

Gaeke method

0.5 μg/Nm3 High volume air sampler

Spectro Photometer

4 NOx IS-5182(part 6):2006

Jacobs – Hochheiser

method – First revision

5.5 μg/Nm3 High volume air sampler

Spectro Photometer


3.1.3.3 Baseline Data

The average concentration of the environment parameters along with the minimum and

maximum concentrations at the monitored sites are given in the table 3.3.

Table 3.3: Concentration of Various pollutants

Parameters Observed values

SAMPLING LOCATIONS CPCB Standards

Project Site Atali Kaladra Koliyad Kojbal

Amlew- shwer

24 hourly

PM2.5 Minimum 23 20 19 22 22 21 60

Maximum 35 34 29 31 31 33 Average 30 25 23 27 27 26

PM10 Minimum 63 32 39 42 36 41 100

Maximum 87 66 62 66 65 60

Average 75 54 48 54 54 52 NOx Minimum 15.69 12.12 12.98 12.84 10.45 11.17 80

Maximum 21.98 18.9 19.02 18.54 17.11 19.02 Average 19.05 15.33 15.46 15.57 12.85 15.15

SOx Minimum 4.9 3.92 3.96 2.91 3.52 2.91 80

Maximum 8.03 7.05 8 6.03 6.83 6.17 Average 6.43 5.32 5.5 4.3 4.81 4.5

PM10

The level of PM10 varies between 32 µg/m3 to 87 µg/m3. The maximum average

concentration of PM10 was found to be 75 µg/m3 at the Project Sites. PM10 concentrations

for all the locations are graphically represented as below.


PM2.5

The minimum and maximum value for PM2.5 in the study area was found 19 µg/m3 at

Kaladra village to maximum level of 35 µg/m3 at project site. The maximum average

concentration, 30 µg/m3 observed at Projet Site. Results for all locations are graphically

represented as below.

NOx

The nitrogen dioxide concentration in the study area varied between 10.45 µg/m3 to 21.98

µg/m3 where as the maximum average concentration was found to be 19.05 µg/m3 at

Project Site. Results for all locations are ploted as below.


SOx

The maximum average concentration of sulphur dioxide i.e. 6.43 µg/m3 observed at Project

Site; where as the minimum and maximum value ranges between 2.91 µg/m3 to 8.03

µg/m3 respectively. Graphical representation for all the locations is represented as below.

Conclusion

The above study for ambient air quality reveals that the pollutant parameters PM10, PM2.5,

NOX, SO2 were found below the CPCB norms in the study area.

3.2 WATER ENVIRONMENT

The existing water quality in the study area, with respect to ground water and surface water

was evaluated during the study period. Ground water samples were collected from the

existing bore wells and surface water samples were collected from inland water bodies

located from the villages fall in the study area. All together 4 ground water samples and 6

surafce water samples collected and analyzed for various parameters.

3.2.1 Water Sampling Location

The details of sampling location with the distance and direction with respect to project site

are given in table 3.4 and 3.5 below.


Table 3.4: Ground water monitoring location

Village Sampling code Source

Kaladara GW1 Ground

Koliyad GW2 Ground

Khojbal GW3 Ground

Amleshwar GW4 Ground

Table 3.5: Surface water monitoring location

Village Sampling code Source

Project site SW1 Surface

Atali SW2 Surface

Kaladara SW3 Surface

Koliyad SW4 Surface

Khojbal SW5 Surface

Amleshwar SW6 Surface


Figure 3.3: Ground Water (GW) Monitoring Locations

Figure 3.4: Surface Water (SW) Monitoring Locations

GW3 GW4

GW2

GW1

SW-5

SW-2

SW-6

SW-4

SW 1

SW-3


3.2.2 Analysis Method

The different analysis method used for the measuring different parameters in water is given

in the table below:

Table 3.6: Method of Analysis

Sr. No. PARAMETERS Applicable standard method of analysis

Detection limit

Desirable limits (Permissible

limit)

PHYSICAL PARAMETERS

1.

pH Electrometric method IS-3025(part 11)-1983

0.01 6.5 – 8.5

2. Temperature (deg C)

Thermometer -- NS

3. Conductivity (µmho)

IS-3025(part 14) 1984

1st Revision 1996

0 NS

4. Turbidity (NTU) IS-3025(part 10)-1984

1st Rev – Reaffirmed 1996

0 NTU 5

5. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) (mg/l)

Gravimetric method IS-3025(part 16)-1984

4 500 mg/l (2000 mg/l)

6. Total Suspended Solids (mg/l)

Gravimetric method IS-3025(part 17)-1984

Reaffirmed 1998 1st Rev

4 NS

INORGANIC PARAMETERS

7. Chlorides (mg/l) Argentometric titration IS-3025(part 32)-1988

Reaffirmed 1999

1 250 mg/l (1000 mg/l)

8. Total Hardness as CaCO3 (mg/l)

EDTA-titrametric method

APHA & AWWA 21st edition 2340C2-37

2 300 mg/l (600 mg/l)

9. Sulphates (mg/l) Turbidity method IS-3025(part24)-1986

Reaffirmed 1992

2 200 mg/l (400 mg/l)


10. Total Alkalinity (mg/l)

Indicator method IS-3025(part 23)-1986

5 200 mg/l (600 mg/l)

11. Flouride SPANDS method

APHA & AWWA 21st edition 4500 – FD- 4-85

0.06 1.0 mg/l (1.5 mg/l)

12. Mineral oil (mg/l) Partition gravimetric method IS-3025(part 39)-1991

1 0.01 mg/l (0.03 mg/L)

NUTRIENT & DEMAND

13. Nitrates (mg/l) Quality assessment of water and waste water. CRC press. Colorimeteric method

0.1 45 mg/l

14. Phosphates (mg/l)

Environment analysis water, soil and air – M. M Saxena (1990) Reprinted in 1994, Pg 140

Stannous chloride method

0.02 NS

15. BOD (mg/l) APHA & AWWA 21st edition 2.0 NS

16. DO (mg/l) APHA & AWWA 21st edition 0.1 NS

17. COD (mg/l) APHA & AWWA 21st edition 2.0 NS

HEAVY METALS

18. Zinc (mg/l) APHA & AWWA 21st edition 0.05 5.0 mg/l (15 mg/l)

19. Nickel (mg/l) APHA & AWWA 21st edition 0.01 NS

20. Cobalt (mg/l) APHA & AWWA 21st edition 0.05 NS


3.2.3 Ground water Quality

The Ground water quality observed in the study area is as tabulated below.

Table 3.7: Ground water quality

Parameters GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4

pH 7.48 7.77 7.73 8.44

Temperature (deg C) 28 27 27 28

Conductivity (µmhoS/cm) 10,025 3770 6338 1360

Turbidity (NTU) 01 02 02 01

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) (mg/l) 4650 1621 2778 569

Total Suspended Solids (mg/l) 22 6 12 ND

Chlorides (mg/l) 3460 614 1229 85

Total Hardness as CaCO3 (mg/l) 1500 410 464 80

Sulphates (mg/l) 358 181 424 30.3

Total Alkalinity (mg/l) 286 700 922 420

Flouride (mg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL

Oil & Grease (mg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL

Nitrates (mg/l) 21.9 16.8 31.3 3.8

Phosphates (mg/l) BDL 0.07 BDL 0.28

BOD (mg/l) 20 <5 <5 BDL

DO (mg/l) 6.4 6.6 7.0 6.5

COD (mg/l) 50 20 20 BDL

Zinc (mg/l) BDL BDL

0.094 BDL


Nickel (mg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL

Cobalt (mg/l) 0.050 BDL 0.1 BDL

BDL- Below Detection Limit, Fluride- 0.5 mg/l, TSS-4 mg/l, , Oil & Grease-1 mg/l, Cu- 0.02mg/l, Cd-

0.002mg/l, Hg-0.001mg/l

Results

In the study area, TDS level in the sampled well found to be between 569 to 4650 mg/l and

Chloride level was varying from 85 to 3460 mg/l. In general, ground water quality is in

saline nature.

3.2.4 Surface water quality

Surface water samples were collected six locations. The sample results are as tabulated

below:

Table 3.8: Surface water quality

PARAMETERS Sampling Station Code

SW 1 SW 2 SW 3 SW 4 SW 5 SW 6

pH 7.82 8.9 7.4 6.89 7.39 7.47

Temperature (deg C) 27 27 28 27 27 27

Conductivity(µmho) 333 372 4258 662 710 220

Turbidity(NTU) 343 05 39 21 71 09

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) (mg/l) 110 160 1820 250 280 90

Total Suspended Solids (mg/l) 70 03 53 35 46 15

Chlorides (mg/l) 25.5 16.1 822 85.1 94.5 13.2

Total Hardness as CaCO3 (mg/l) 80 164 282 128 172 80

Sulphates (mg/l) 72.7 20.2 155 14.14 40.4 3.03

Total Alkalinity (mg/l) 184 220 226 200 256 150


Flouride (mg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

Oil & Grease (mg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

Nitrates (mg/l) 14.1 0.39 3.84 4.63 7.3 4.43

Phosphates (mg/l) 1.04 0.008 0.1 0.08 0.14 0.10

BOD (mg/l) <5 <5 10.0 24 <5 BDL

DO (mg/l) 6.8 7.0 6.5 7.1 6.9 6.2

COD (mg/l) 20 20 40 79 20 BDL

Zinc (mg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

Nickel (mg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

Cobalt (mg/l) 0.133 BDL 0.018 BDL 0.072 BDL

BDL- Below Detection Limit, Oil & Grease-1 mg/l, Cu-0.02mg/l, Cd-0.002mg/l, Hg-0.001mg/l, Flouride-0.05 mg/l.

In order to evaluate the surface water quality of the surrounding area of the project site, six

water samples were collecied from various locations. TDS level of these surface water

samples varies between 90 to 1820 mg/l. The total alkalinity was showing the variation

from 150 mg/l to 256 mg/l. Chloride level varies between 822 to 13.2 mg/L.

3.3 HYDRO-GEOLOGY OF THE STUDY AREA

Vagra taluka of Bharuch district is falling in Doab between river Narmada and Mahi It lies in

the South-West part of Bharuch district. Sardar Sarovar Reservoir has been constructed

across river Narmada near village Navagam in the upstream of Rajpipla of Baroda district.

Bharuch District is covered under Sardar Sarovar project canal Command which is major

irrigation scheme of Gujarat state.

It is pertinent to mention that ground water survey and investigation studies needs

collection of a lot of sub-surface information through bore hole drilling which is highly

expensive .Therefore collected information by state as well as central government

organization was studied and used in the present analysis.


The work pertaining to Geo hydrological Investigation is confined mainly in and around the

Plant site of Subhlaxmi Polyester Ltd at Village: Bhensali, Taluka: Vagra, District: Bharuch.

It is Doab (area between two rivers and/or tributary) between Narmada and Mahi River.

3.3.1 Physiography

The study area is well drained by two natural drains, which are located in north of

village Bhensali and meet near village Bhensali. Study area is a Doab (area between

two rivers and/or tributary) between perennial Narmada River in North and Mahi River in

south. The climate of the study area is Arid. Hot summer and general dryness characterize

it, except during the southwest monsoon season which experiences heavy rain. Monthly

Maximum Temperature 40º.C and Monthly Mean Minimum Temperature ranges from 11º.C

The period from mid-June to Sept. is the Southwest monsoon season. Over 90%of annual rainfall

occurs during Southwest monsoon period that is from 15th June to 15th September. Taluka wise

normal rainfall (in mm) revised provisional based from 1901-1970 for Vagra taluka, is 816.3 mm

with average rainy days as 38.3

The average long term annual rainfall for 45 years from 1963to 1970 is 678mm

The average Short term annual rainfall for 10 years from 1997 to 2007 is 826 mm

3.3.2 Geology of the Area

In Vagra Taluka of Bharuch district falls geomorphic units of alluvial plain and coastal

zone. The major perennial rivers are Narmada and Kim debouching into the Arabian

Sea. The northerly flowing Karjan, Amaravat and Kaveri and southwesterly flowing

Bhukhi and Bhadra rivers merge with Namada River.

The area comprises mainly of Deccan basalts overlying the infratrappean Bagh formation.

The Deccan Volcanics are unconformably overlain by the Tertiary rocks

The quaternary sediments are overlying tertiary formation. They comprise older tidal flat and

tidal marsh deposit of Rann Clay Formation and younger tidal flat deposit (spit /bar and shoal)

representing marine environment of deposition, flood plain deposit representing fluvial

environmental deposition and coastal dune and sand dune deposits representing Aeolian

environment of deposition.

The soil at site is fine to coarse, loamy, clayey, and calcareous

Ground water prospects are good to excellent in alluvial plain flood plain, pediplain (sedimentary

and vegetation anomaly domains. The depth of water level is less than 10 m


3.3.3 Geology at Site

From the observation of the litho logical logs of the borehole data within the depth

explored in and around the study area, the formation comprises of Alluvium both

Aeolian and fluvial composed of sand, silt, gravel clay and kankar. The thickness

of alluvium is estimated to be about 20 to 60 m

3.3.4 Sub-Surface Conditions

In order to have an idea about the sub-surface disposition of aquifers its lateral extent,

thickness and inter connection with the adjacent areas, sub surface geological cross section

was drawn. In case of any waste storage/ land fill site, specifically, such knowledge on sub-

surface condition and its inter connection is very important and essential. It enable design

engineer to take all precautionary measures in designing such waste storage/ landfill site to

reduce all probable& possible leakage and consequent upon reduce possibility of polluting

underneath ground waster reservoir.

3.3.5 Hydrogeology

Field data together with other relevant required information was collected and compiled to

study the groundwater condition in and around the study area.To assess the prevailing

ground water conditions both along and across these existing, well inventory was carried out

of selected representative wells on suitable grid pattern. The well details like depth,

diameter, discharge, pump sets, etc. were collected and compiled. During the course of Geo

hydrological Investigation water samples were also collected on the selected wells and

analyzed to assess the present ground condition and ground water quality.

In and around the the study area formation comprises a cover of thin alluvium formation. It

comprises of Alluvium both of Aeolian and fluvial and composed of sand, silt, clay and

kankar. The thickness of alluvium is estimated to be about 20 to 40m. Topographically, the

study area is almost Pene palai. The general ground slope is from East to West to or more

precisely North-East to South-West. The Ground water occurs in alluvium aquifer

under unconfined as well as semi-confined condition. In major part of study area

the ground water, occur under semi- confined condition. The depth of dug well

ranges from 9.45 to 12.45 m below ground level. The depth to water level ranges

from 2.45 m to 4.65 m below ground level.


3.3.6 Study on Hydrograph

State Government Ground Water Investigation Department has fixed up the number of

observation wells all over the Gujarat State for monitoring and collecting information on

water level fluctuations and water quality variatios. The observation well falling in the close

proximity of the study area was considered for its analysis and used as supplementary data.

The water level fluctuation data of observation piezometer well located at village Atali of

Vagra taluka, for the period 1990-2010 was studied. It is located in the Southern part and

close proximity of the study area. From the observation of this hydrographs, it is inferred

that the upper unconfined and semi-confined aquifers are very sensitive to rainfall/canal

recharge.

The area is inherent salinity in aquifer but there is improvement inground water

quality due to operation Sardar Sarovar Project Canal Command.

The ground water occurs under unconfined as well as semi-confined conditions in alluvial

area. But due to inherent salinity of aquifer and very few numbers of wells exist. Now as

this area falls in canal command Sardar Sardar Project ground water development is very

meager /negligible. Specific yield value is very low (1 to 3%) resulting higher rise. Water

level depth below ground level is very shaloow (2.45 to 4.65m below ground level). From

the ground water development point of view it falls in safe category. As Saradar Sarovar

Project Canal Command is already in operation, there is rising trend in water level profile

and there is improvement ground water quality as inferred from the chemical analysis of

water sample collected during the geo hydrological investigation. Therefore, in this area

instead of recharging we must plan systematic planned ground water pumping so as to

protect the environment.

3.4 NOISE ENVIRONMENT

The ambient noise environment consists of the total noise generated in the area at various

distance around the sampling locations. The noise level varies depending on the type of

activities carried out in the surrounding area. The baseline noise environment was studied

at the project site as well as the surrounding villages. The locations considered for the noise

monitoring are tabulated below along with the CPCB limits.


Table 3.9: Noise monitoring locations

Sr .no Sampling station – Code Type of area Direction

1 Project Site - N1 - -

2 Atali - N2 Residential West

3 Kaladara - N3 Residential South West

4 Koliyad - N4 Residential South West

5 Khojbal - N5 Residential North West

6 Amleshwar - N6 Residential North East

The noise generation in the surrounding areas was mainly due to vehicular transportations.

The base line level of noise is as given in the table below:

Table 3.10: Day and Night Noise Levels

Area code Limits in dB(A)Leq CPCB Limits

Day Times Night time Day time Night Time

N1 56.5 dB(A) 45.6 dB(A) 55 dB(A) 45dB(A)

N2 61.7 dB(A) 41.3dB(A) 55 dB(A) 45 dB(A)

N3 55 dB(A) 47.8 dB(A) 55 dB(A) 45 dB(A)

N4 52.7 dB(A) 44.2 dB(A) 55 dB(A) 45 dB(A)

N5 52.4 dB(A) 44.2 dB(A) 55 dB(A) 45 dB(A)

N6 53.9 dB(A) 47.6 dB(A) 55 dB(A) 45 dB(A)

The noise in the study area was well within the CPCB limits during the day time and night

time except slight marginal increase in the noise concentration mainly due to the impacts of

transportation activity vehicles. Moreover, project site and Atali village are located close to

highway.


3.5 LAND ENVIRONMENT

3.5.1 Study Area

The study area comprises of 10 km radius of Polyester yarn factory at Bhensali village of

Vagra taluka of Bhuruch District. Village boundary and locations which has been derived

from the Census of India maps.

3.5.2 Methodology

The land use/land cover mapping was carried out using digital satellite image downloaded

from Google Earth Pro. The analysis of data was preceded by collection of ancillary data like

District series maps and Census maps as base information for interpretation (Figure 3.5).

Figure 3.5: Satellite imagery

3.5.3 Land Use/Cover Pattern of the Study Area

Based on the tonal variation and pattern in image the land use and land cover map of the

area was generated. The thirteen land use categories were delineated in this area viz. the

Agriculture, Scrub, Open vegetation, Close vegetation, Habitation, Industrial Area, Water

body, River, Marshy vegetation, mudflat, salt encrustation barren land and salt pans (Figure

3.6).


Major portion in the study area is covered by Agriculture i.e. 64 per cent. The main crop

grown in the area was Wheat, Cotton, Tuver and Sugarcane this indicates availability of the

water in the study area. The area had a good network of Narmada canal.

The vegetation categories had been segregated into scrub, open and close vegetation

according to the crown cover. There are areas having sparse vegetation it is mainly covered

by grasses these areas were delineated as Scrub. As per the classification based on Forest

Survey of India the category denotes land having bushes and poor tree growth with canopy

density less than 10 percent. These areas are mostly found on the bank of the river, and

canal also near the habitation area.

The vegetation category Open was segregated based on the canopy density of 10 to 20 per

cent and Close as greater than 20 per cent canopy cover. These two categories cover only

9.5 per cent of the study area. Due to good network of Narmada canals within the study

area along the road there were growth of hydrophytes which had been categorise into open

and close vegetation as per the crown cover. These areas was mostly covered by Typha

spp. and along the tributaries of Narmada river there was dense patch of vegetation in the

central region which was covered by Prosopis juliflora species.

There are around 117 number of small and big water bodies covering only 0.56 per cent of

the area. The big stretch of Narmada River its tributaries and the connected Bhan and

Bhukhi rivers flows through the study area.

Marshy vegetation was 4 per cent of the study areas which is dominated by Suaeda sp.

along the coast and on the bet. Some of the bets were covered by luxuriant growth of salt

tolerant species Prosopis juliflora. Also there was small stretch mudflat region covering only

1.3 per cent of the area.

During high tide in the Narmada river its water flows to the tributary and when it recedes

that region is barren and it is covered with layer of salt, that has been categorise by salt

encrustation. Only in the Koliad and Kaladara village salt pan activity had been carried out

covering 0.43 per cent of the area. As known from the Figure 3.6 study area had Aliabet

region which used to be covered with Mangrove vegetation but now it had been merged

with the land where there is no growth of vegetation which had been delineated as barren

land having 1.25 per cent of the area. The area statistics of land use/cover classes within 10

km radius are presented in table 3.11 and within 2 km radius are as given in table 3.12.


Figure 3.6: Land use cover


Table 3.11: Land use/cover Categories within 10 km Area Statistics

Sr. No. Categories Area (sq km) Area (%)

1 Agriculture 20262.42 64.53

2 Scrub 1698.74 5.41

3 Open Vegetation 2311.04 7.36

4 Close Vegetation 543.22 1.73

5 Habitation 389.36 1.24

6 Industrial Area 59.66 0.19

7 Water body 175.84 0.56

8 River 3598.44 11.46

9 Marshy Vegetation 1265.42 4.03

10 Mudflat 427.04 1.36

11 Salt encrustation 135.02 0.43

12 Barren Land 392.5 1.25

13 Salt pans 141.3 0.45

Table 3.12: Land use/cover Categories within 2 km Area Statistics

Sr. No. Categories Area (sq.km.) Area (%)

1 Agriculture 836.62 66.61

2 Scrub 105.62 8.41

3 Open Vegetation 137.40 10.94

4 Close Vegetation 79.63 6.34

5 Habitation 21.85 1.74

6 Industrial Area 1.03 0.08

7 Water body 25.87 2.06

8 River 17.96 1.43

9 Salt encrustation 30.02 2.39


3.6 SOIL ENVIRONMENT

The soil samples were collected from six locations and the details of same are as given in

the table 3.13 below:

Table 3.13: Soil Sampling Locations

Sr.No. Sampling

Station

Station Code Direction

1 Project site SQ 1 --

2 Atali SQ 2 West

3 Kaladara SQ 3 South West

4 Koliyad SQ 4 South West

5 Khojbal SQ 5 North West

6 Amleshwar SQ 6 North West

The soil quality at the above-mentioned locations is given in the table below:

Table 3.14: Existing Soil quality

Physical and

Chemical

Parameters

UNIT Sampling Station Code

SQ 1 SQ 2 SQ 3 SQ 4 SQ 5 SQ 6

Bulk Density gm/cm3 1.15 1.10 1.24 1.13 1.20 1.15

Water Holding

Capacity

% 29 38 24 32 34 28

Grain Size distribution

Gravel % 60.38 54.79 66.35 66.0 69.15 62.73

Coarse % 18.19 15.22 14.66 10.21 15.18 18.38


Coarse-Medium % 15.48 23.21 14.36 14.48 10.58 11.60

Coarse-Fine % 5.60 5.91 3.76 8.11 4.57 5.60

Silt & clay % 0.35 0.87 0.85 1.20 0.52 1.67

Soil texture -- Sandy Sandy Sandy Sandy Sandy Sandy

Soil Colour --- Brownish Brownis

h

Brownis

h

Brownis

h

Brownis

h

Brownis

h

pH Pt unit 2.56 7.0 1.68 2.0 2.0 2.2

Conductivity Umho/cm 752 310 1932 3872 2981 1156

Nitrogen as N mg/gm 0.1 0.08 0.090 0.18 0.160 0.08

Phosphorus mg/gm 0.428 0.334 0.437 0.664 0.622 0.537

Potassium as K mg/gm 0.262 0.278 0.795 0.776 0.523 0.453

Calcium as Ca mg/gm 0.303 0.309 0.160 0.185 0.256 0.434

Nitrate as NO3-N mg/gm 0.069 0.033 0.086 0.200 0.08 0.035

Sulphate as SO4 mg/gm 1.616 0.300 3.999 4.121 3.609 1.580

Chloride mg/gm 0.165 0.145 1.123 0.136 1.012 0.153

Organic matter % 1.74 1.23 4.33 1.2 2.78 1.75

The objectives of soil testing in the study area was, to estimate the available nutrient

status, reaction (acidic/alkaline) of a soil and to evaluate the fertility status of soils. For

evaluating soil quality of the study area, soil was collected from six locations of the study

area with the help of aguer/ spade. The composite soil samples were prepared at each

location.

From the soil analysis, it is evident that the soil in the study area is acidic nature. The

chloride content in the soil shows the variation from 0.1363mg/Kg to 1.123mg/Kg.

Parcentages of rganic matter content in the soil ranges between 1.2 to 4.33 percent

considered good. Medium level of organic matter in soil is between 0.6 -1.07%, and above


1.2% is considered as high. The available nitrogen content in the soil varies from 0.2% to

0.8%. Phosphorous varies from 0.08 mg/gm to 0.160 mg/gm. Calcium content in the soil

varies from 0.160 to 0.434 mg/gm and Nitrate content in the soil varies from 0.08 to 0.200

mg/gm.

3.7 TERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENT AND BIODIVERSITY

The variety and variability of organisms and ecosystems is referred to as biological diversity

or Bio diversity. The biodiversity we see today is the fruit of billions of years of evolution,

shaped by natural processes. The vast array of interactions among the various components

of biodiversity makes the planet habitable for all species, including humans. There is a

growing recognition that, biological diversity is a global asset of tremendous value to

present and future generations. At the same time, the threat to species and ecosystems has

never been as great as it is today. Species extinction caused by human activities continues

at an alarming rate. Protecting biodiversity is in our self-interest.

Ecological impact assessment (EcIA) is used to predict and evaluate the impacts of

development activities on ecosystems and their components, thereby providing the

information needed to ensure that ecological issues are given full and proper consideration

in development planning. Environmental impact assessment (EIA) has emerged as a key to

sustainable development by integrating social, economic and environmental issues in many

countries. EcIA has a major part to play as a component of EIA but also has other potential

applications in environmental planning and management. Ecological Impact Assessment

provides a comprehensive review of the EcIA process and summarizes the ecological

theories and tools that can be used to understand, explain and evaluate the ecological

consequences of development proposals.

At the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, world leaders agreed on a comprehensive

strategy for "sustainable development” to meet our needs while ensuring that we leave a

healthy and viable world for future generations. One of the key agreements adopted at Rio

de Janerio was the Convention on Biological Diversity. Article14 of Convention on

Biodiversity ( Impact Assessment and Minimizing Adverse Impacts), stressed the need to

Introduce appropriate procedures of environmental impact assessment for proposed

projects that are likely to have significant adverse effects on biological diversity with a view

to avoiding or minimizing such effects.

Environmental impact assessments have become an integral part of development projects in

India ever since 1994, to formulate policies and guidelines for environmentally sound


economic development. Proper assessment of biological environment and compilation of its

taxonomical data is essential for the impact prediction.

3.7.1 Period of the study and Study area:

The baseline study, for the evaluation of the floral and faunal biodiversity of the terrestrial

environment of the study area, with in 10 km radius from the proposed site near Bensali

village, in Bharuch District has been conducted during April, 2011.

3.7.2 Methodology:

The primary objective of survey was to describe the floral and faunal communities within

the study area. The sampling plots for floral inventory were selected randomly in the

suitable habitats within the 10km radius from the project site. The methodology adopted for

faunal survey involve; Random survey, Opportunistic observations, Diurnal bird observation,

active search for reptiles, faunal habitat assessment, active search for scats and foot prints

and review of previous studies, Desktop literature review was conducted to indentify the

representative spectrum of threatened species, population and ecological communities listed

by IUCN, WCMC, ZSI, BSI and Indian wild Life Protection act, 1972.

The villages covered for the present baseline study are given in the table 3.15. The study

area falls under Bharuch District of Gujarat state. The area of for the present biological

baseline study falls under 28, villages. 4 villages were selected in the core area (Project site

and surrounding villages) and 24 villages were selected in the buffer zone (other villages’

within10km radius) (Figure 3.7).


Figure 3.7: Map of the study area


Table 3.15: List of Villages covered under the present baseline study

# Village Name

Core zone ( closer to project site)

1/1 Project site

2/2 Bensali

3/3 Kesrol

4/4 Khojbal

Buffer zone ( other villages with in 10

km from project site)

5/1 Navetha

6/2 Kasva

7/3 Amdada

8/4 Eksal

9/5 Sankhwad

10/6 Manad

11/7 Samni

12/8 Mahegam

13/9 Kaldara

14/10 Vengani

15/11 Koliyad

16/12 Rahiad

17/13 Atali

18/14 Galendra

19/15 Akhod

20/16 Nandida

21/17 Nadarkha

22/18 Pakhajan

23/19 Pipalia

24/20 Vahiyal

25/21 Kothia

26/22 Sadathala

27/23 Amleashwar

28/24 Sayakha


3.7.3 Habitats:

3.7.3.1 Habitats descripion of the project site

and surrounding:

The project site is located in Bensali village, adjacent

to Bharuch Dahej Highway. The project site is

characterised by mainly fallow lands and few

agriculture lands. Project site is almost plain without

much undulation. The dominant vegetation consists of

scrub vegetation of, Prosopis Juliflora. The trees

population in the project site is represented by

scattered Prosopis cineraria, one of the most

dominant trees in this part of Bharuch district.

Bhuki Khadi is passing very adjacent to the project

site. This portion of the River Bhuki near the project

site is under the influence of tidal flux from Narmada

estuary, which fills during the high tide and drains out

during low tide, exposing the steep slopes of mud

banks on both sides. The vegetation along the banks

of this river is dominated by thick patches of Prosopis

Juliflora. No mangrove vegetation were observed

along its banks

One, rain water fed, large depression is observed

near the project site, surrounded by the thick

vegetation of Prosopis Juliflora and Typha angustata.

This depression can be conserved for rainwater

harvesting or for water storage in the future

3.7.3.2 Habitats description of the study area:

The study area in this part of Bharuch district is

characterized by the large area devoted monsoon

depended agriculture. Few parts of the study area are

engaged in wheat cultivation while other parts are

engaged in cotton and Tuver cultivation. The villages

are scattered in between the large patches of agriculture lands and are of very small. The


tree cover in the study area is scanty restricted

only in the habituated areas of the village and

few along the boundary of the agricultural

fields and roadsides. The study area is also

characterized by large number of ditches and

pools, which were occupied by many

hydrophytes.

River Narmada flows along the southern

boundary of the study area before meeting the

Gulf of Khambath. Two more perennial rivers

passing through the study area, Bhan River and Bhuki River, they join together as Bhuki

Khadi and join the Narmada River near Kaladara village.

A large freshwater reservoir is created by the construction of check dam across, Bhan River

in Sadathara village before; it meets Bhuki River and proceed towards the Narmada

estuary.

The tree species, herbs, shrubs, and major crops, were documented during this base line

study. The list of floral species documented in the study area is enlisted in table 2-6.

3.7.4 Floral Diversity of the Study Area:

The objective this floral inventory of the study area, is to provide necessary information on

floristic structure in the study area for formulating effective management and conservation

measures. The climatic, edaphic and biotic variations with their complex interrelationship

and composition of species, which are adapted to these variations, have resulted in different

vegetation cover, characteristic of each region. The following account of floral inventory has

been, based on the field survey conducted for a short duration in the April, 2011, is not very

comprehensive data and is aimed only to give a general pattern of vegetation of this region

during the study period as a baseline data in absence of available secondary data. Listing of

the endangered, threatened and endemic species of flora in a locality and drawing the

attention to the occurrence of such species, would aid in creating awareness amongst the

local people as a whole to protect such species from extinction, and to take necessary

measures for their conservation. This type of floristic study is an inventory for such purpose

and hence a necessity.The dominant tree species, herbs, shrubs, climbers and major crops,

were documented during this base line study.


The tree species observed in the study area is enlisted in the table 3.16. The undergrowth

during the summer season was almost in dry state. The shrubs observed in the study are

documented in the table 3.17. Herbs and climbers in the study area are represented in table

3.18 and table 3.19 respectively.

3.7.4.1 Trees:

The dominant trees in the study area are Prosopis cineraria (Khijado.), Azadirachta indica

(Limbado), Mangifera indica (Keri) and Salvadora persica (Piludo). Overall, 43 species of

trees belong to 21 families are enumerated from the study area.

Table 3.16: Trees in the study area

#

Family & Scientific name Vernacular name

1 Anacardiaceae 1/1 Mangifera indica L. Kari 2 Annonaceae 2/1 Polylathia longifolia (Conn.) Thw. Asopalav 3 Apocynaceae 3/1 Plumeria rubra L. Champo 4 Arecaceae 4/1 Borassus flabellifer L. Tad 5/2 Cocos nucifera L. Narial 5 Bombacaceae 6/1 Bombax ceiba L. Shimalo 7/2 Adansonia digitata L. Rukhado 6 Caesalpiniaceae 8/1 Bauhinia racemosa L. Kanchnar 9/2 Delonix regia (Boj.) Raf. Gaulmor 10/3 Delonix elata (L.) Gamble. Sandsro 11/4 Cassia fistula L. Garmalo 12/5 Cassia siamea Lam. Kasid 13/6 Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) Backer ex Heyne Sonmukhi 14/7 Tamarindus indicum L. Amali 7 Caricaceae 15/1 Carica papaya L. Papaya 8 Casuarinaceae 16/1 Casuarina equisetifolia L. Sharu 9 Combretaceae 17/1 Terminalia catappa L. Badam 10 Malvaceae 18/1 Thespesia populnea (L.) Sol.ex Corr. Paras piplo 11 Meliaceae 19/1 Azadirachta indica A.Juss Limbado 20/1 Melia azadirachta L. Bakanlimdo 12 Mimosaceae 21/1 Acacia auriculiformis L. Austrianbaval 22/2 Acacia leucophloea (Roxb) Willd. Hermobaval

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