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Great Water Cities Summit 2016 Water4 Growth
Aarhus, 2 November 2016
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development – water challenges for the New Urban Agenda
Dr. Torkil Jønch Clausen International Water Adviser
(World Water Council, Stockholm World Water Week, Global Water Partnership, DHI Group)
The global water challenge
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World Challenges – a water perspective
Today - the sad ‘bottom billion’: 1 billion poor 1 billion hungry 1 billion without safe water 2-3 billion without sanitation 1 billion without electricity
Better off by mid-century? - with expected increases in demand: + 70% food demand + 60 % energy demand + 55% water demand
- in a climate-changing world
Global water scarcity - physical, economic
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Current withdrawals
• Agriculture/irrigation 67 percent
• Energy/electricity
16 percent • Household/Domestic use
10 percent • Manufacturing Industry
7 percent
The global water challenge
Population growth => more than 9 billion in 2050
Increased pressure of finite and vulnerable water resources
By 2050:
Almost 50% of population living under water stress
( - less than 1,700 cum/cap/year)
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Total water withdrawals by 2050
• Global water demand + 55 percent
• BRICS and developing countries + 80 percent
• OECD - 12 percent
Domestic water use
• From 10 to 14 percent of global water withdrawals by 2050
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Agriculture/Irrigation
• From 67 to 37 percent of all water
withdrawals in 2050
Energy
Huge increase in the South! • From 16 to 25 percent of global water withdrawals • - 5 percent in OECD • + 370 percent in BRICS and
developing world (including hydropower)
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Manufacturing industry
Enormous increase! • From 7 to 22 percent of all water
withdrawals in 2050. • + 65 percent in OECD • + 720 percent in BRICS • + 370 percent in developing countries
The urban reality – and opportunity 60% of world population in cities in 2030
The urban reality – a few numbers: 2% of world’s land but 70% of world economy 60% of global energy consumption 70% of global GHG emissions 70% of global waste
Need for new agenda: water, waste & energy smart cities!
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The Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)
2015-2030
2015: A decisive year for water
and Climate Convention Talks • World Economic Forum (Davos): Global Risk Report 2015: - Water the top global risk on impact! • Global Summit on Disaster Risk Reduction Sendai
March 2015 • UN General Assembly - September 2015 - From MDGs to SDGs - Water recognized as key to SDGs • The Paris Climate Agreement (COP 21) - Water key to resilience Continuing in 2016:
• HABITAT III in Quito • COP 22 in Marrakech
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Towards the 2030 Agenda: 17 SDGs with 169 specific targets
for people-planet-prosperity-peace-partnership
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The SDG's: different from the MDG’s
'Global' goals and targets to be translated to specific national goals and targets => focus at national level Sustainable Development Goals applying to all countries in the world – rich and poor Ambitious agenda - in may cases ‘eliminating’ rather than ‘reducing’ - with clear targets to be reached and global monitoring mechanisms to follow up
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Roles and Responsibilities
Country
• Accountability
• Global targets applied according to national context
• Review commitments, policies, progress
Regional
• Peer review
• Mutual exchange of experiences
• Regional issues
• Thematic focus issues
Global
• Periodic thematic review
• Knowledge sharing
• Review means of implementation and global partnership
Next steps in SDG process
• Refinement of the indicator framework 2016
• Inter-linkages within and between targets 2016 =>
• Mechanism for monitoring and reporting 2016 =>
• Dialogue and piloting with countries 2016 =>
Implementation =>2030
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Water and the Sustainable Development Goals
Goal 6
6.1 Drinking
water 6.2
Sanitation and
hygiene
6.3 Water quality
6.4 Water use
6.5 Water
resources
6.6 Eco-
systems
The «water goal» SDG 6 Ensure availability and sustainable management of
water and sanitation for all
6.a International cooperation and capacity development
6.b Stakeholder participation
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The "water SDG" – target 6.1
By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all
The "water SDG" – target 6.2 By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and end open defecation, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations
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The "water SDG”- target 6.3
By 2030, improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and minimizing release of hazardous chemicals and materials, halving the proportion of untreated wastewater and substantially increasing recycling and safe reuse globally
The "water SDG" – target 6.4
By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity
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The "water SDG" – target 6.5
By 2030, implement integrated water resources management (IWRM) at all levels, including through transboundary cooperation as appropriate
SDG 6.5: The entry to coordination – water as a connector - within SDG 6 and across the SDG’s
IUWM
ICM
WFE NEXUS
CC ADAPTATION
IWRM
A broad framework for water management across sectors and stakeholder groups
SDG 6.1 – 6.6
ACROSS SDGs
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Urban-rural, land-ocean
- coordinating integrated approaches
URBAN-RURAL
LAND-OCEAN
IWRM
ICM
IUWM
The "water SDG" – target 6.6
By 2020, protect and restore water-related ecosystems, including mountains, forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers and lakes
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The "water SDG" – target 6.a
By 2030, expand international cooperation and capacity-building support to developing countries in water- and sanitation-related activities and programmes, including water harvesting, desalination, water efficiency, wastewater treatment, recycling and reuse technologies
The "water SDG" – target 6.b
Support and strengthen the participation of local communities in improving water and sanitation management
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Water in Inter-Connected SDGs
Water cross-cutting , the “connector” => important for most SDG’s - but no explicit reflection of water in most SDG’s, such as
SDG 1 – poverty SDG 4 – education SDG 7 – energy !! SDG 9 - infrastructure SDG 13 – climate SDG 17 – implementation
Water in other SDG’s
Water specific in SDG targets: SDG 2.4 – hunger: floods and droughts SDG 3.3. – health: water-borne diseases SDG 3.9 – health: pollution SDG 11.5 – cities: water-related disasters SDG 12.4 – production: pollution SDG 14.1 – oceans: land-based pollution sources SDG 15.1 – ecosystems: freshwater ecosystem protection SDG 15.3 – ecosystems: floods and droughts SDG 15 – ecosystems: invasive species
i.e. mainly regarding extremes and pollution
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Cities, Water and Sustainable Development Goals
SDG 11: “Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable”
• Target 11.1: Housing and basic services and upgraded slums
• Target 11.2: Sustainable transport systems for all
• Target 11.3: Sustainable urbanization and human settlements
• Target 11.4: Cultural and natural heritage
• Target 11.5: Reducing disasters, “including water-related” with focus on poor and vulnerable
• Target 11.6: Environmental impacts, “including waste management”
• Target 11.7: Accessible green spaces
• Target 11.a: Links between urban, peri-urban and rural areas
• Target 11.b: Holistic disaster risk management at all levels
• Target 11.c: Sustainable buildings in LDC’s
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Water and cities in the SDG’s – key linkages Analysis up to HABITAT III
POVERTY 1.5 CITIES 11.1,3,5,6 FOOD 2.3 CONS/PROD 12.2,4,5 HEALTH 3.9 CLIMATE 13.1,2,3 EDUCATION 4.4 OCEANS 14.1 GENDER 5.5 ECOSYSTEMS 15.1 WATER 6.1,2,3,4,5,6 CORRUPTION 16.5,6 ENERGY 7.1 IMPLEMENT 17.6,7,9,16,17 GROWTH 8.3 INFRASTRUCTURE 10.3
Cities and the 2030 Development Agenda HABITAT III, Quito October 2016
BACKGROUND
HABITAT I 1976 World urban population 38%
HABITAT II 1996 World urban population 45%
HABITAT III 2016 World urban population 55%
=> 60% by 2030
HABITAT III
Towards a «New Urban Agenda»
- sustainable urbanization as driver of sustainable development
- urban-rural linkages
- interlinkages social-economic-environmental
Linking to 2030 Development Agenda and SDG 11
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The New Urban Agenda
Quito Declaration on Sustainable Cities and Human Settlements (Articles 1-22)
Our shared vision
Our principles and commitments
Call for Action
Quito implementation Plan for the New Urban Agenda (Articles 23-175)
Transformative commitments for sustainable development
- water specifics in Articles 71-74
Effective implementation
- water specifics in Articles 119, 123
Long and comprehensive – water included as one of many aspects
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Water inputs to HABITAT III New Urban Agenda
Expert Group*, Barcelona February 2016:
1. Influence of water in urban form
2. Rural-urban linkages
3. Holistic water cycle approach (IUWM)
4. Empower public sector at all levels
5. Adaptive water system for uncertain future
6. Equipping water utilities for the future
7. Strengthening enabling environment
8. End the neglect of sanitation
9. Equity principles in urban water service
All included in NUA - somewhere
*German cities, Barcelona, GWPOA, GWP, HCA, IWA, IWMI, OECD, Morocco, UoG, UNDP, UN-Habitat, UNESCO, WaterAid, WWC, PSI, MSP, Spain, ICLEI, UCLG – reference to gwopa.org
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The New Urban Agenda - some water specifics
Mapping of water messages in NUA: paras 14,34,64,70-74,88,119,120-123
Some examples:
Art. 71 ..sustainable management of resources – including land, freshwater , oceans … urban-rural linkages … towards circular economy
Art. 72 .. urban and territorial planning incorporating “integrated water resources planning and management” ..
Art. 73 .. reducing and treating wastewater, minimizing water losses, promoting water reuse, increasing water storage, retention and recharge …
Art. 74 .. reducing waste generation by 3R: reduce, re-use, recycle .. reduce marine pollution
Everything included, but no clear “water agenda”
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IWA Principles for Water Wise Cities
WHY these principles? 1. Resources are limited: we need to do more with less
2. City densification is both an opportunity for economic growth and a threat to liveability
3. An uncertain future underlies the planning of our cities
WHAT : Four Levels of Action: 1. Regenerative Water Services
2. Water Sensitive Urban Design
3. Basin Connected Cities
4. Water-Wise Communities
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IWA Principles for Water Wise Cities
Regenerative Water Services: Replenish waterbodies and their ecosystems
Reduce the amount of water and energy used
Reuse, recover, recycle
Use a systemic approach integrated with other services
Increase the modularity of systems and ensure multiple option
Water Sensitive Urban Design Enable regenerative water services
Design urban spaces to reduce flood risks
Enhance liveability with visible water
Modify and adapt urban materials to minimise environmental impacts
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IWA Principles for Water Wise Cities
Basin Connected Cities Plan to secure water resources and mitigate drought
Protect the quality of water resources
Prepare for extreme events
Water-Wise Communities Empowered citizens
Professionals aware of water co-benefits
Transdisciplinary planning teams
Policy makers enabling water-wise action
Leaders that engage and engender trust
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IUWM in other words…?
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Looking ahead
The Urban Waters Hub - moving ahead together?
Urban Water Hub proposed in run-up to HABITAT III:
(- starting with the ‘Barcelona Group’)
Mission:
Open international alliance to promote innovative approaches to urban water and wastewater management, with a focus on integrated approaches
Focus on SDG implementation
Focus on Integrated Urban Water Management (IUWM)
Functions:
Knowledge hub
Community of practice
Voice for the cities
Connecting people
A starting point for global collaboration on water for cities?
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Upcoming major international events - raising the global profile for water in cities
Budapest Water Summit, November 2016 High-Level Panel of Water (11 Heads of State)
IWRA World Water Congress, Cancun, May 2017 High-Level Panels on «water and SDG’s» and IWRM
Stockholm World Water Week, August 2017 Theme: «Water and waste - reduce and re-use» IWA as Key Collaborating Partner, special Seminar on urban issues
Amsterdam International Water Week, November 2017
World Water Forum, Brasilia, March 2018 «URBAN» one of 6 main themes
Opportunities to raise global profile - together
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Some first steps Linking implementation of SDG 6 and SDG 11,
- starting with IWRM <-> IUWM
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SDG 6 WATER
SDG 11 CITIES
IWRM IUWM
IWA PRINCIPLES
