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10/07/2013
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Dr. Tony Russell‐Rose, FBCS CITPUXLabs London UKUXLabs, London UK
Tony Russell-Rose, PhDDirector UXLabsDirector, UXLabs
20 years of experience of applied research & technology innovation at Microsoft, Canon, Reuters, BT Labs, HP Labs, Endeca
Vice-chair of the BCS Information Retrieval specialist group. Chair of the IEHF HCI group. Founder of Search Solutions conference series
PhD (natural language interfaces), MSc in human-computer interaction, first degree in engineering (human factors)
3 patents on search user interface design. 60+ scientific and
Industry Expertise
Business Intelligence
Government
Media & Publishing
Healthcare
eCommerce
Domain Expertise3 patents on search user interface design. 60+ scientific and technical papers on information retrieval and user experience
Honorary Visiting Fellow at City University London (Centre for Interactive Systems Research)
Blog: http://isquared.wordpress.com
Domain Expertise
Speech & language interfaces
Information architecture
Info visualization
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Time Topic
00 00 I d i d bj i00:00 Introductions and objectives
00:10 Understanding information-seeking behaviour
00:50 Formulating the query
01:30 BREAK
02:00 Displaying results02:00 Displaying results
02:45 Faceted search
03:40 Conclusions & wrap-up
04:00 CLOSE
3UXLabs ‐User Experience Research and Design ‐www.uxlabs.co.uk
The dimensions of search user experience
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Where should the Faceted Navigationmenu be located and ghow should it be organised?
5UXLabs: User Experience Research + Design + Analytics ‐www.uxlabs.co.uk
How should we present mixed t t lt t h l di content results to help users discover
the most relevant and useful items?
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GoalUser Type Search ModeContextGoalUser Type Search Mode
Analyze Compare Evaluate Explore
Context
Spatio‐temporal Social Physical Information Assets
The latest Harry Potter book… Shoes to match my interview suit …
Electronics Engineer Purchasing Agent Novice Shopper Technical Enthusiast p o e
Locate …
o at o ssets … An affordable
entertainment system …
ec ca t us ast …
7UXLabs: User Experience Research + Design + Analytics ‐www.uxlabs.co.uk
Users vary in their technical and domain expertise
EXPERTISENovice
Uncertain
Expert
Confident
Novice Shopper
Tech Enthusiast
News Analyst
Casual News
Reader
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User goals vary in scope & complexity
I need to find part number 2335456
SCOPEFocused Broad
I want to buy the new Harry Potter book
I want an affordable entertainment system for my family
I want to buy shoes that match my interview suit
I need to discover compatible parts that work for my assembly
I need to understand part obsolescence & manage our risks
Simple Complex
Electronics Engineer
Novice Shopper
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COMPLEXITYSimple
Homogeneous
Highly Faceted
Diverse
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Marchionini 2006Marchionini, 2006
• Lookup
• Learn
• Investigate
Morville, 2010
• Quit
Ellis, 1993
• ChainingQuit
• Narrow
• Expand
• Pearl‐growing
• Pogo‐sticking
• Thrashing
• Browsing
• Differentiating
• Filtering
• Monitoring
• Extracting
• Verifying
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Lookup
• Locate
• Verify
M i
Learn
• Compare
• Comprehend
E l
Investigate
• Explore
• Analyze
S h i• Monitor • Evaluate • Synthesize
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How it works
• User interface design
• Information architecture
• Interaction design
How it looks
• Visual design
User Research
g
Design Methodology
• User‐centred design
• Agile development
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Identify need for user-centered design
System satisfies usability and business goals
Specify context of useWho will use it and under what conditions?
Specify requirementsWhat are the business and user
Evaluate designsTest the design with users
g
gSUCCESS!
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* ISO 9241-210: Human centred design processes for interactive systems
What are the business and user goals?
Produce design solutionsPrototype the design
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Principles and practices
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Think affordance:ff
form should follow function
Best practices:
Be consistent
Pre‐locate the cursor
R i h Retain the query
Use placeholder text & prompts
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Facilitates known‐item search
Requires domain expertise
Risks over‐constraining
Best practices:
D f lt t ‘ ll’ Default to ‘all’
Apply a fallback
Echo the scope
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Can be applied as fi trefinement
In faceted nav menu Or as toggle to existing search box
Best practices: Display refinements in breadbobreadbox
Disable when not applicable
Remove current query
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A flawed conceptp
An extension of parametric search
An effective search experience scales with the userthe user
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Autocomplete Accurate & efficient data entry
Controlled vocabulary: recognition not recall
Known‐item search AutosuggestAutosuggest Novel query reformulations
(relatively) unbounded list
Exploratory search
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Equivalent to ‘best bets’q
But prior to query completion
Product promotion
Can be applied to queries
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How do you repair an unintended ‘detour’ yet y p ysupport serendipitous discovery?
Search engines cannot read minds
Or determine user intent
Anchoring bias leads to ‘thrashing’
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Did you meany
Not ‘failed’ as such
Potential typos
Return a more productive result set
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Uses query reformulation q ypatterns
May not know true intent
But can rule out certain interpretations
Avoid zero results Avoid zero results
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Over‐constraining is gcommon
esp. for zero SERPs
Identify productive permutations
Di l t hi Display non‐matching elements
Preserve diversity
Quorum‐level ranking
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Query clarificationy
Find similar
Associated concepts
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Principles and practices
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Dual purpose:p p
Communicate richness & diversity of result set
Convey detail of individual items
Information scent vs. screen space
‘Pogosticking’
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A balance is required …q
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Query‐oriented isummaries
Show keywords in context
Highlight matching terms Use previews Support for verifying
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Not just passive ‘containers’j p
Articulate the aggregate response to an info need
Google includes 12+ separate features
Input
Informational
C l Control
Personalization
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Basic principlesp p Display current query (in editable form)
Communicate navigational state
Display the number f ltof results
Support diversity▪ esp. for vague or ambiguous queries
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Select a layout that t h th d t matches the data
and the task, e.g. List view Gallery view▪ Explore, locate
Parametric viewl▪ Analyze, compare
Map view▪ Geospatial or conceptual
Provide user control
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Goal: promote pexploration & discovery
support a multiplicity of formats
Lists tiles panels Lists, tiles, panels
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See Also Featured results ‘Best bets’
Natural language obeys a power law
Provide known good Provide known good matches for popular queries
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Clearly indicate when there are no search
lresults
Provide meaningful navigation options top searches, featured results, most popular results
P i i b h Prevention is better than cure auto‐suggest query expansion partial match results
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Sorting ~= filteringg g Not just relevance Category‐specific Drop‐down or tabular?
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Search engines gcannot read minds
Encourage category selection
‘Clarify, then refine’
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Principles and practices
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Facets are categoriesg Categories represent the properties of objects
Categories have values that describe the object
But not all categories can serve as navigable But not all categories can serve as navigable dimensions
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Facets define values in multi‐dimensional space
Facets provide multiple paths to any given item, e g a recipe defined by:e.g. a recipe defined by:
Course
Cuisine
Cooking method
Stephanie Lumieux“Designing for Faceted Search”
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What are the typical facets of wine?yp
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Well‐chosen facets h ld bshould be:
Exhaustive
Consistent
Orthogonal
Should induce a high‐entropy distribution in the result set good bad
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Layouth Position on the page
Default state Open, closed, hybrid
Display formats Links, checkboxes, sliders, etc.
Scalability Showing more valuesShowing more values
Navigation & wayfinding Orientation in complex information spaces
Interaction models How facets behave
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3 common configurations:3 g
1. Left (vertical)
2. Right (vertical)
3. Centre (horizontal)
Hybrid
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Three primary options:p y p
1. Closed by default
2. Open by default
3. Combination of open & closed
Context‐dependent
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What are the advantages and disadvantages g gof the following layout configurations?
Advantages Disadvantages
Layout: Left
Layout: Right
Layout: Centre
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Layout: Centre
State: Open
State: Closed
State: Combination
Fundamental principle:p p Match the display format to the semantics of the data
Primary formats: Hyperlinks
Checkboxes
Sliders
Input boxes Also: colour pickers, tag clouds, data visualizations, etc.
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What display formats would you use for the p y yfollowing data?
Type Valence Display Formats
Binary
Flat Single‐select
Flat Multi‐selectOR
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Flat Multi‐select AND
Hierarchical Single‐select
Hierarchical Multi‐selectOR
Continuum
Interval
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Summary and wrap up
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Adopt a principled approach to designp p p pp g
• Know your users, their goals, context and search modes
Look at search holistically
• Think beyond findability to analysis and sensemaking
Study other search applicationsy pp
• Different contexts require different solutions
Take advantage of online resources
• Apply proven design patterns and principles
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Search usability resources
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Faceted Search Daniel Tunkelang, 2009
Search User Interfaces Marti Hearst, 2009
Search Patterns Morville & Callender 2010
Designing Search Greg Nudelman (2010)
Information Architecture for the WWW Rosenfeld & Morville (2006)
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The Design of Everyday ThingsN Norman 2002
Designing Interfaces Jennifer Tidwell (2005)
The Design of Sites Van Duyne, Landay & Hong (2002 / 2006)
Designing Web Usability Jakob Nielsen (1999)
Don’t Make Me Think Steve Krug (2005)
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Yahoo! Jenifer Tidwell
Endeca Peter Morville
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Designing the g gSearch Experience: the Information Architecture of Discovery
Tony Russell Rose Tony Russell‐Rose and Tyler Tate
Morgan Kaufmann, Dec 2012
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Tony Russell‐Rose, PhDVice chair BCS IRSGVice‐chair, BCS IRSGChair, IEHF HCI Group
Web: http://uxlabs.co.uk Email: [email protected] Blog: http://isquared.wordpress.comg p // q p LinkedIn: http://uk.linkedin.com/in/tonyrussellrose Twitter: @tonygrr
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