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Dr. Shalini SharmaChair Professor, The Institution of Engineers (India)Sr. Scientist (DAAD Fellow) &HeadCenter for Climate ChangeEngineering Staff College of India(An Autonomous Organ of The Institution of Engineers‐India)Hyderabad, AP, IndiaEmail: [email protected]
OUTLINE
Pulses vs MeatGlobal Warming & Climate Change (CC)Correlation‐Pulse, Meat, CC & HungerSave Pulse BusinessSolutionsWhat we can do?
Eating Pulses‐
Combating Climate Change!
Food
Pulse Nutrient CompositionDry Beans Lentils Chickpeas Dry Peas
Protein (%) 20‐30 20‐30 20‐30 20‐27
Starch (%) 32‐45 42‐49 38‐44 42‐49
Carbohydrates (%) 55‐76 ~60 52‐71 56‐74
Fiber (%) ~20 ~15 ~15 ~20
Amylose (% of starch)21‐25 23‐27 24‐29 21‐34
Fat (%) ~1.5 ~1 5‐7 ~2
CLIMATE CHANGE
PLANETARY EMERGENCY?
Global Food Crisis ‐
How to Feed the next
generation ? ‐
Sudhakar Tomar 7
Pulse Traders can increase their business in dark colored countries!!
ARCTIC SEA ICE
Parts of World‐ Under The Sea!
Difficult choice !!! to drive or to fill the stomach ??
GLOBAL WARMING‐
EFFECT
EXPECTATION – Agri, food processing industry, to reduce GHG emissions.GHG effect ‐ causes warming of earth leading to climate change, which is potent to create natural disasters.Climate Change ‐ URGENCYUrgency for AGRI INDUSTRY ‐ Climate Change can lead to shifting the food production zones tooClimate change could leave 25 million children malnourished by 2050 unless heavy investments in adaptive measures are made
Agriculture, Food Processing Industries & Climate Change
Global Warming and MeatApprox. 80% of world population feeding on non‐vegetarian dietMeat contribute to Global warming‐
emission
during
livestock
agriculture‐
methane from
livestock
enteric
fermentation
which
has
GWP
21 times more than CO2
[International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) (economic model of world agriculture) report]
More than 80% of world population is Meat eater but this calculation is done considering 70% population as meat eaters
Production of 1 kg beef = 13.3kg of CO2 eq.
(Note: 13.3 kg CO2 eq. emissions = burning 6 liters petrol)
Consider approx. 70% (4.6 billion) of world population eating 500g beef/ day,
GHG emissions / day = 4.6 billion x 6.65kg. CO2 eq. = 30.59 billion
kg CO2 eq./ day
WHOOPING!!!!!!!! 18% of world’s GHG from Beef on your
table
BEEF PRODUCTIONRELATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
How does meat cause HUNGER?Inefficient way of producing food
REDUCE MALNUTRITION AND DEATH DUE TO HUNGER
8kg of Grain 1 kg BeefLess grain availability add pressure on priceLarge space / forest changed to graze landsUltimately on that land
crops can be grownto feed the people
High grain availability food reaches all level of population
FACE THE FACTS!!!!!!!!
1.1 billion people live without safe drinking water
BUT 19,737 liters of water is used to
produce 1 pound Beef
1 hectare land produces: Potatoes for 22 people
Rice for 19 people Lamb for 2 people Beef for 1 person
GLOBAL WARMING CAN BE STOPPED NOW, TODAY‐
IF
ALL TURN VEGETARIAN (non‐idealistic)
Every 4 minutes: 2090 cows
9150pigs 334120 chickens killed
& also 100 children die due to hunger
YOU HAVE POWER TO STOP IT –YES SWITCH ON TO PLANT PROTEIN
NO
Leguminous crops fix the nitrogen in soil ‐ indirectly related to reduce the nitrogen in atmosphere.CO2 emitted during processing‐ non‐veg food can be stopped.Increase soil fertilityCarbon sequestration
Legumes & Climate Change
Have Climate Friendly Diet
Eat less meatEat organic foodEat Seasonal foodAvoid exotic foodComplete diet – consisting of cereals and pulsesAgro‐forestry
20% reduction, in meat use can lead to lot of extra food available in market .
100gm reduction of meat /day/plate will lead to huge emission reduction
20% of previous calculation = Reduction of 6.12 billion kg CO2 eq. gases/day.
If we use less Meat then Livestock requirement will be LESS
Means ‐‐less methane, less CO2 eq. gas and that means less GW
SOEAT PULSES‐
COMBAT CLIMATE CHANGE
Contd.…Have Climate Friendly Diet
USE CDM MECHANISM AND MAKE MONEY
Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Projects for‐
Reduce Methane gas, emit due to Livestock
Manure Management System
Grow more crops‐ “Carbon sequestration”.
Sell carbon credits – get incentivized
Prevent – Global Warming
Global Food Crisis ‐
How to Feed the next
generation ? ‐
Sudhakar Tomar 28
EC’S‐
STRATEGY ON GLOBAL ACTION AFTER COP15
9TH
MARCH 2010
The European Commission notes that :the Kyoto Protocol will remain the central
building block of the UN process but recommends addressing the question of its
limited coverage of big emitters and its serious weaknesses, such as banking of
surplus emission budgets from the 2008‐2012 period.
STOP WASTE OF LAND ‐
USE LESS LIVESTOCK
DEGRADATION OF FOREST/ AGRICULTURE LAND TO GRAZING LAND WHICH LEAD TO GHG
EMISSIONEMISSIONS DUE TO
ENTERIC FERMENTATION IN
LIVESTOCK
WATER CONSUMED BY
LIVESTOCK IS MORE THAN
USED FOR AGRICULTURE BEANS / SEED GROW
EASILY SO IT CAN SOLVE THE PROBLEM OF FOOD CRISES
GROW MORE‐EARN MORE
PULSES ARE NUTRITIOUS SO IT
CAN SOLVE THE PROBLEM OF
MALNUTRITION
How climate change can affect your business? Pulses the solution?
New technologies, support for irrigation,
genetic engineering to bring up new
variety of crops to adapt the new climate
How climate change can affect your business?
Shifting Agriculture pattern Shifting pulse growing
zones
Drought, Less Soil Fertility leading to
Low Production
Low Production Low Export / Import (affecting business)
Our Contribution for GHG Abatement
Eat pulses Combat Climate ChangeReduce meat intake Reduce carbon footprintGrow pulses Increase soil fertilityPulses can reduce mortality rate in developing and
least developed countries
Reducing a piece of meat Contributing to Kyoto target (5% reduction in global emissions)
Each one of us have to contribute for “Climate
Change Mitigation”
so change food habits
Combating Climate Change Switching on to Plant Protein
Eat pulses Reduce food crises
Global Food Crisis ‐
How to Feed the next
generation ? ‐
Sudhakar Tomar 33
SOLUTIONSCreating awareness in common masses is a massive task
where the requirement is to promote:
Mass Transportation, Less use of electricity‐Using natural light during day, Avoiding water wastage, Preventing water body pollution, Watershed development‐ Rain water harvesting, Drying the cloths in sun rather than drying machine,Avoidance of using hybrid crops, Increasing the cost of chemical fertilizer and promoting and subsidizing Bio‐fertilizer Decrease the individual’s Carbon Footprint.
What can you do to save the Earth?SOLUTION IS ON YOUR PLATE
EAT LESS MEATSAVE FORESTS
FULLFILL YOUR PROTEIN REQUIREMENTS FROM PULSES‐
at manufacturing level
What CICILS can do for climate change?
Contd. ………….What CICIL can do for climate change?
CICILS‐IPTIC member Countries / companies may initiate by creating awareness in their own employees & their families.CICIL‐IPTIC may design a special symbol (logo) and this GREEN SYMBOL may be awarded to the member company who participate actively in “Eat Pulses‐ Combat Climate Change” project for spreading awareness in changing food habits and promoting pulses.Companies/organizations may also arrange Conference / Seminars and can arrange an entire session on this topic.
What CICILS may gain from this Campaign?
Center for Climate Change (CCC)
Centre
for
Climate
Change
(CCC)
works
in
3
broad areas:
1.
Capacity Building2.
Consultancy ‐
CDM,
EIA,
EMP,
Climate
Change
Adaptation & Mitigation Strategies (region specific)3.
R&D
Projects
related
to
Climate
Change–
in
sectors
Agriculture,
Power,
Climate
modeling,
Scenario building etc.