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502261-3:
Web Systems
By:
Dr. Sara Jeza Alotaibi
Assistance Professor
College of Computers and Information Technology
Taif University
www.drsara.co.uk
Course Website:
http://www.drsara.co.uk/web-systems.html
Chapter 17
Web Servers (Apache and IIS)
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Dr.Sara Alotaibi @ 2015
Objectives
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Content of Chapter 17
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A web server responds to client requests (typicallyfrom a web browser) by providing resources suchas HTML documents. When users enter a Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
address, such as www.deitel.com, into a webbrowser, they’re requesting a specific documentfrom a web server. The web server maps the URL to aresource on the server (or to a file on the server’snetwork) and returns the requested resource to theclient.
A web server and a client communicate using theplatform-independent Hypertext Transfer Protocol(HTTP), a protocol for transferring requests and filesover the Internet or an intranet.
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17.1 Introduction
Dr.Sara Alotaibi @ 2015
URIs (Uniform Resource Identifiers) identifyresources on the Internet. URIs that start with http:// are called URLs
(Uniform Resource Locators). Common URLsrefer to files, directories or server-side code thatperforms tasks, such as database lookups,Internet searches and business-applicationprocessing.
A URL contains information that directs abrowser to the resource that the user wishes toaccess.
http:// indicates that the HyperText TransferProtocol (HTTP) should be used to obtain theresource.
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17.2 HTTP Transactions
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Two most common HTTP request types : getand post
get request typically gets (or retrieves)information from a server. Common uses ofget requests are to retrieve an HTMLdocument or an image, or search resultsbased on a user-submitted search term.
post request typically posts (or sends) datato a server. Common uses of post requestsare to send information to a server, such asauthentication information or data from aform that gathers user input.
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17.2 HTTP Transactions (Cont.)
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Client-side scripting:
can be used to validate user input, to interact with the browser, to enhance web pages, and to add client/server communication between a browser and a web server.
Limitations:
1. browser dependency; the browser or scripting host must support the scripting language and capabilities.
2. Sensitive information, such as passwords or other personally identifiable data, should not be stored or validated on the client.
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17.4 Client-Side Scripting versus
Server-Side Scripting
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Server-side scripting languages have awider range of programmatic capabilitiesthan their client-side equivalents.
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17.4 Client-Side Scripting versus
Server-Side Scripting (Cont.)
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To request documents from web servers, users must
know the hostnames on which the web server
software resides.
Users can request documents from local web servers
or remote web servers.
Local web servers can be accessed through your
computer’s name or through the namelocalhost—a hostname that references the local
machine and normally translates to the IP address127.0.0.1 (also known as the loopback address).
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17.5 Accessing Web Servers
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The Apache HTTP Server, maintained by theApache Software Foundation, is currently themost popular web server. It’s open sourcesoftware that runs on UNIX, Linux, Mac OS X,Windows and numerous other platforms.
MySQL is the most popular open-sourcedatabase management system. It, too, runs onLinux, Mac OS X and Windows.
The Apache HTTP Server, MySQL databaseserver and PHP can each be downloaded andinstalled separately, but this also requiresadditional configuration on your part.
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17.6 Apache, MySQL and PHP
Installation
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If you’d prefer to use PHP with Microsoft’s IIS Express and
SQL Server Express, you can use their Web Platform
Installer to set up and configure PHP:http://www.microsoft.com/web/platform/phponwindows.aspx
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17.6 Apache, MySQL and PHP
Installation
Dr.Sara Alotaibi @ 2015
For simplicity, we’ll use the XAMPP integrated installerprovided by the Apache Friends website(www.apachefriends.org). Go tohttp://www.apachefriends.org/en/xampp.html
Choose the installer for your platform. Carefully follow the
provided installation instructions and be sure to read the
entire installation page for your platform!
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17.6 Apache, MySQL and PHP
Installation
Dr.Sara Alotaibi @ 2015
you’ve started the servers, you can open
any web browser on your computer andenter the address http://localhost/
to confirm that the web server is up and
running.
You’re now ready to go!
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17.6.3 Testing Your Setup
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Now that the Apache HTTP Server is running on
your computer, you can save your program into
WAMP/WWW folder.
Assuming that you save your code as
filename.php
You can run the first example inhttp://localhost/filename.php
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17.6.4 Running the Examples
Using Apache HTTP Server
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Course Website:
http://www.drsara.co.uk/web-systems.html
Email:
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Dr.Sara Alotaibi @ 2015