Dr Raj Kamal RTOSMobSystem[1]

August 04, 2010 IIIT Pune: RTOSes for the MobileSystems", Raj Kamal, [email protected]

1

Real Time Operating Systems for the Mobile Systems


2

1. 1. OS OS


3

System DefinitionSystem Definition A way of working, organizing or

performing one or many tasks according to a fixed set of rules, program or plan.

Also an arrangement in which all units assemble and work together according to a program or plan.


4

Operating System (OS) Operating System (OS)

A system software, which enables the execution of tasks on the given computer hardware


5

Operating SystemOperating SystemA system software, which Task Management— Creation, block,

run, delay, suspend, resume, deletion Memory Management— Allocation,

Freeing, De-location Device Management—Configure,

Initiate, register with OS, read, listen, write, accept, deregister


6

Operating SystemOperating SystemA system software, which I/O Devices subsystems management—

Display (LCD, Touch Screen), Printer, USB ports

Network Devices subsystems management — Ethernet, Internet, WiFi

Includes Middleware — TCP/IP stack for telecommunications

Includes Key-applications — Clock, Mail, Internet Explorer, Search, Access to the Maps external library


7

MiddlewareMiddleware Software sitting "in the middle" between

application software that may be working on different operating systems.

While core kernel functionality can only be provided by the operating system itself, some functionality previously provided by separately sold middleware is now integrated in operating systems.

Example —TCP/IP stack for telecommunications, nowadays included in virtually every operating system. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middleware


8

2. 2. RTOS RTOS


9

RTOSRTOS Multitasking operation system with hard or soft

real time constraints An OS for the system having the time-limits for

service of tasks and interrupts Enables defining of time constraints Enables execution of concurrent tasks (or

processes or threads) RTOS enables setting of the rules Assigning priorities Predictable Latencies


10

Process Predictability Process Predictability

A predictable timing behavior of the system and a predictable task-synchronization with minimum jitter (difference between best case latency and worst case latency)


11

Exemplary Application AreasExemplary Application Areas


12

3. 3. RTOSes for Mobile Systems RTOSes for Mobile Systems


13

RTOSes for Mobile SystemsRTOSes for Mobile Systems

(1) Windows CE 6.0 R3

(2) Symbian 3

(3) Android 2.2(4) Blackberry (Research In Motion)(5) Mac OS 4


14

4. Windows CE4. Windows CE 6.0 R3 6.0 R3


15

Windows CE basic features


16

Windows CE Windows CE A 32 bit OS from Microsoft User─ personal-computer-like feel and

Windows-like GUIs Large number of Windows-based

applications available at the device Provisions for media and shared presentations Connectivity to cellular networks


17

Windows Embedded CE 6.0Windows Embedded CE 6.0

Open, scalable, 32-bit operating system (OS) with small-footprint and advanced Windows technologies

Provides hard real-time capabilities, with a redesigned kernel and embedded-specific development tools


18

Windows CEWindows CE

Compatible with a variety of processor architectures

Customized for each specific hardware and processor in order to fine-tune the performance


19


Windows CE supports a new file system that supports larger file sizes

The flash file system saves the files and data in case the battery charge is draining out

Removable media encryption Larger storage media


20

Windows Mobile 6 platformWindows Mobile 6 platform

For mobile devices such as PocketPC for managing Visual C# and Visual

Basic .NET codes Based on Windows CE and hardware such

as personal digital assistants (PDAs) and smartphones


21

Windows Mobile 6 platformWindows Mobile 6 platform Microsoft Visual Studio 2005 Windows Mobile SDK for creating software for

the platform The code developed in Visual C++ Microsoft. 6.0 R3 includes a XAML rendering

engine, hardware graphics acceleration, plug-in engine for gesture animation and natural input capabilities, permits C++ to implement the business intelligence of the application and provides Internet Explorer with zooming and panning.


22

Processes in Windows CE Processes in Windows CE

Device based on CE 6.0 can run a larger number of complex applications and can run as many as 32,000 simultaneous processes

Windows CE 6.0 provisions for each simultaneously running process─2 GB of virtual memory space

Minimum footprint of Windows CE 350 kB


23

DisplayDisplay

High resolution colour/ display Touch screen Stylus keypad with Windows layout of

desktop programs displayed on coloured touch screen


24

SoftwareSoftware

Desktop for Windows Other essential software PIM Contacts Task-to-do Smart phone Multimedia applications such as playing

music


25

Desktop ProgramsDesktop Programs

Owner Number of messages not read Tasks Present hour subject


26

PortsPorts

USB and infrared port support Bluetooth TCP/IP WiFi or Ethernet LAN interface


27

Third party supportThird party support

Very large support (about 20000) for games, applications, mobile e-commerce, and stock-trading


28

Windows CE deficienciesWindows CE deficiencies

Cooperative running of multi-threading does not support simultaneous multi-modal user interfaces (data by multiple modes, for example, text as well as speech)


29

Poor AdaptabilityPoor Adaptability

Adapts to different sorts of hardware limits mainly because of two reasons(i) compiled for a specific set of hardware for very fine-tuned Windows CE performance, (ii) large parts of OS offered in the form of source code first and then adjusted to the hardware by the manufacturer


30

5. 5. Symbian 3Symbian 3


31

Symbian OSSymbian OS─ ─ multi-modal multi-modal communication supportcommunication support

OS for handheld SmartPhones and mobile handhelds with phone and multi-modal communication features

Multi-modal means usage of different modes—text, image, video, or audio

Multi-modal communication integrates and synchronizes multimedia (Video with text, audio with text, …)


32

Symbian OSSymbian OS─ ─ C/C++ as well as Java SupportC/C++ as well as Java Support

Supports application development in C/C++ as well as Java and many communication protocols

JavaPhone


33

Fine-tuning with ARM processorsFine-tuning with ARM processors

Symbian OS performance fine-tunes to ARM processors which are used in about more than 70% of mobile devices, for example, Nokia mobile devices


34

Symbian application architectureSymbian application architecture

GUIs and VUIs─ APIs for the buttons, menus, advanced voice features such as a hands-free speakerphone, and conference calling capability

Application view Application engine Powerful development platforms and GUIs


35

Application development toolsApplication development tools

Personal Java and Symbian Everywhere Symbian C++ Software development kit

(SDK) Symbian emulator for application

development using Windows Metrowerk, CodeWarrior


36

YouTube on Symbian 3YouTube on Symbian 3

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BkvRE_Eh9PM&width=960&height=480


37

Symbian 3Symbian 3 HDMI (High definition Multimedia

interface A new 2D and 3D graphics architecture. Provides User Interface improvements and

will be used in Nokia N8. Support for multi-touch gestures (e.g. pinch

to zoom).


38

Symbian 3Symbian 3 Ease-of-use improvements right across the

platform— Swipe to scroll, pinch to zoom, tap to open. Navigating around your Symbian device has never been easier

A new graphics so that user can really make the device own new look that goes way beyond wallpaper.


39

Symbian 3Symbian 3 Intelligent network management.

Performance as per the user's needs: optimising for high speed when uploading photos or smooth streaming for a VoIP call or video feed.

One-click connectivity makes connecting to the Internet a breeze and manages transition between cellular and WLAN networks.


40

Symbian 3Symbian 3 Organising user online life on user home

screen. Personalise user home screen to fit user’s

life: discover new widgets easily; organise them over as many pages as user

like; follow as many email accounts, friend feeds or even weather forecasts as suits to user


41

Symbian 3Symbian 3

For developers includes integration of the Qt runtime.


42

Symbian 3Symbian 3

Symbian Web runtime brings the power of Web 2.0 to the Symbian platform.

Developing applications is simple: HTML, CSS and JavaScript combine to enable rapid application development. JavaScript extensions - including PhoneGap - provide access to core device functionality such as camera and contacts


43

6. 6. Android 2.2 Android 2.2


44

AndroidAndroid

Andy Rubin the Mastermind [www.android.com and

http://en.wikipedia.org/

w/index.php?title=

Android_OS&redirect=no]

Clock, Dialer, Contacts, Browser, MapsClock, Dialer, Contacts, Browser, Maps

http://en.wikipedia.org/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Android_home.png


45

Android Android

Source model Free and Open Source Initial release2008-10-21; Latest Release 2.2 Supported platforms ARM, MIPS, x86 Type Monolithic (Linux) Kernel License Apache 2.0 and GPLv2 www.android.com

http://www.android.com/


46

FeaturesFeatures Allows to write the managed code in Java Allows controlling of the mobile device via

Google-developed Java libraries.

Managed code is a differentiation created by Microsoft to identify computer program code that requires and will only execute under the "management" of a Common Language Runtime Virtual Machine (resulting in Byte Code).


47

FeaturesFeatures Software written in Java can be compiled to

be executed in a specialized VM implementation designed for mobile device use, although not technically a standard Java Virtual Machine.[ http://code.google.com/android/]


48

Modified version of the Linux Free and open source software Includes a device emulator, tools for

debugging and performance profiling and a plug-in for Eclipse IDE


49

Uploading videos to YouTube Uploading pictures to Picasa directly from

the phone Upgraded search and navigation features,

with the addition of text and multimedia message search


50

Connectivity technologies including GSM, Edge, CDMA, EV-DO, UMTS, Bluetooth and Wi-Fi.

Web browser based on the open-source WebKit application framework.

Ability to record and watch videos with the camcorder mode


51

Multi-touch feature and supports devices with various screen sizes and resolutions, with three different screens of each of the applications.


52

Animations between screens Can utilize video/still cameras, touch screens, GPS, acceleraometers, magnetometers, accelerated 2D bitblits (with hardware

orientation, scaling, pixel format conversion)

accelerated 3D graphics.


53

New widgets and folders that can populate the desktop

Expanded ability of Copy and Paste to include web pages

Virtual keyboard layout for faster and more accurate typing. The multi-touch ensures that all keys pressed during typing are not skipped. A new soft keyboard with an "Autocomplete" feature


54

Communicate instantly by tapping on the contact.

Sync feature which enables synchronisation of the files, images between the PC and mobile.

Choosing from all available communication options (Facebook, Twitter, Yahoo! Mail, Gmail, etc)


55

Improved camera controls with digital zoom, a scene mode, white balance controls, macro focus and colour effects.

Multiple email account synchronization, that combines all account into a single email inbox with option of exchange support


56

Bluetooth API allows the device to connect to other nearby devices. This capabilities includes the integration of features of social-interaction and P2P communication. Ability to automatically connect to a Bluetooth headset within a certain distance


57

Android Developers’ siteAndroid Developers’ site

www.developer.android.com


58

SummarySummary

We learnt

(i) System definition,

(ii) OS functions

(iii) RTOS functions

(iv) RTOSes for Mobile Systems


59


We learnt A 32 bit real time OS from Microsoft Customized for each specific hardware and

processor in order to fine-tune the performance Compatible with a variety of processor

architectures User─ personal-computer-like feel and

Windows-like GUIs …


60


We learnt Large number of Windows-based applications

available at the device Kernel consisting of source code and

hardware abstraction sublayer Shared source and source code access Memory requirement large but scales to the

requirement of the device peripherals

…


61


We learnt Memory space partitioned Data formats database and object file File automatically compresses when stored and

decompresses when loaded Visual C/C++ platform integrates use of web .NET XML parsing (trimmed version)


62

Symbian 3Symbian 3

We learnt HDMI (High definition Multimedia

interface A new 2D and 3D graphics architecture. Provides User Interface improvements and

will be used in Nokia N8. Support for multi-touch gestures (e.g. pinch

to zoom).


63

Symbian 3Symbian 3 Multitasking: For example, listening to internet

radio while browsing the web and leaving photos uploading in the background

Improved memory management allows more applications to run at once

Write applications using the Java programming language, Python, Silverlight and Adobe Flash.

A new visual task manager lets you switch apps with a swipe and a tap.

New 2500 + applications


64

Android OSAndroid OS

We learnt Allows to write the managed code in Java Allows controlling of the mobile device via

Google-developed Java libraries.

Managed code is a differentiation created by Microsoft to identify computer program code that requires and will only execute under the "management" of a Common Language Runtime Virtual Machine (resulting in Byte Code).


65

Android OSAndroid OS

We learnt Software written in Java can be compiled to

be executed in a specialized VM implementation designed for mobile device use, although not technically a standard Java Virtual Machine.[ http://code.google.com/android/]


66

Thank youThank you

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Android_home.png

Documents

Dr Raj Kamal RTOSMobSystem[1]