Dr. Kellman: So Dr. Mark Hyman is a nine-timemicrobiomemedicinesummit.com.s3.amazonaws.com/transcripts/Mark… · Guest: Dr. Mark Hyman The purpose of this presentation is to convey

©2016 The Kellman Center for Integrative and Functional Medicine. All rights reserved. 1

The Bidirectional Relationship Between Glucose and Fat and the Microbiome Guest: Dr. Mark Hyman The purpose of this presentation is to convey information. It is not intended to diagnose, treat, or cure your condition or to be a substitute for advice from your physician or other healthcare professional. Dr. Kellman: So Dr. Mark Hyman is a nine-time number one New York Times bestselling author.

He's the Director of the Cleveland Clinic Center for Functional Medicine. He's also the Founder and Medical Director of the UltraWellness Center, Chairman of the Board of the Institute for Functional Medicine, a regular medical contributor on many television shows including CBS This Morning, the Today Show, Good Morning America, CNN, The View, and The Dr. Oz Show. Dr. Hyman works with individuals and organizations as well as policy makers and influencers. He has testified both before the White House Commission on complementary and alternative medicine and the Senate Working Group on Health Care Reform on Functional Medicine. He has consulted with the surgeon general on diabetes prevention and participated in a 2009 White House Forum on Prevention and Wellness. Senator Tom Harkin of Iowa nominated Dr. Hyman for the President's Advisory Group on Prevention, Health Promotion and Integrative and Public Health. In addition, Dr. Hyman has worked with President Clinton, presenting at the Clinton Foundation's Health Matters, Achieving Wellness in Every Generation conference and the Clinton Global Initiative as well as with the World Economic Forum on global health issues. He is the winner of the Linus Pauling Award, The Nantucket Project Award, and was inducted in the Books for Better Life Hall of Fame and the Christian


Book of the Year Award for The Daniel Plan. So with no further ado because we can go on and on. So I'm very curious. You have such a diverse background and so many interests in holistic and functional medicine. What is it about the mircobiome that particularly interests you? Dr. Hyman: Well, Raphael, I have been studying the gut for a long time so functional medicine really started with the gut. Thirty years ago the insight from a small group of doctors and scientists was that the gut played a huge role far beyond the gut and health. And we began looking at how to work with the gut to reset the body and doing stool testing. Started decades ago, I've been doing this for twenty years. They used to call me Dr. See-Every-Poop when I worked in Canyon Ranch. And I've been fascinated with how it connects to all kinds of health problems. It may be apparently very unconnected to the gut like your skin or your brain or your joints or your immune system. And so as the science has evolved, the blanks get filled in. So we saw the image, but it was like looking at maybe an original computer with a very fuzzy screen with the little images on there. But now we've got Hi Def TV. And it's sort of like that. And I think that's the change that's happened. We're still filling in the blanks, but we have now come to understand that the gut plays a role in every aspect of our health and is probably the most important determinant of our health, everything from how we age to whether we're obese or have diabetes, our risk of heart disease, our risk of cancer, autoimmune diseases, obviously digestive disorders, skin disorders, mood disorders, autism, schizophrenia. You name it, the gut plays a critical, if not the critical role, in many of these problems. And it's often not been addressed. And I've just seen such a tremendous clinical benefit from this. And I'm glad we're now having the research to back it up. And in the Institute for Functional Medicine, we've come up with something called the 5R Program, which is a way to restore and rebuild the gut using a very strategic approach to remove the things that are disturbing the balance


in there, to put in the things that help it heal and repair. And it's a very powerful model, and I've found it successful in really tens of thousands of patients. Dr. Kellman: It's fascinating. The genome, when people hear the word "genome," they think of our genes, the genes that we receive that we inherited from our parents. But now we're learning that the genes that play perhaps a more significant role in our overall health is the genes of the bacteria, certainly they outnumber our genes 150:1. So you've said that, and this I know a belief of yours, not a belief, you believe this is what science is saying, is that our nutrition, the foods that we eat, get filtered through the genome, the genes of our bacteria, which then transcends as a language, messages, to the rest of the body. Can you explain what that really means and how to tap into that and improve that communication of information? Dr. Hyman: It's fascinating because when you look at the numbers game here, it's pretty interesting. Humans has got about as much genes as an earthworm, about 20,000 genes. So how are we so different and more complex than earthworms? Because we're kind of lazy, and we've harnessed the genetic material of bacteria that live in us, three pounds of bacteria, one hundred trillion bacteria that live in there. We've harnessed their genetic material which is literally 100 times as much as our own bacteria, as our own genetic material, to do all sorts of bodily functions that we require to regulate the immune system, to digest food, to make vitamins, to communicate with our brain- all kinds of things that we're just beginning to learn. So while we have 20,000 genes, there may be 2,000,000 or even 3,000,000 genes of bacteria in your gut. And they are being used by us to do actually help regulate every single function of our body that is important. And with that regulation we can get into trouble when things go bad. And there's so


many things that we do that go wrong in our gut because of the way we live, the way we eat, because of the toxins in our environment. I mean glyphosate from GMOs alters the gut flora. And when you look at the antibiotics we use, these steroids that are used commonly, inhalers, the anti-inflammatory drugs, the acid-blocking drugs. I call these the gut-busting drugs. They alter our gut flora in ways that create enormous harm, and they've just used willy-nilly by people. I just a guy today who developed MS after having three months of antibiotics and having terrible gut symptoms. And then he developed MS because his gut-brain was just completely messed up. Dr. Kellman: Now, do you think so the gut bacteria, the genes of the gut bacteria, are actually processing the nutrients in the foods that we're eating. And therefore it's not only about the foods that we're eating, but it's also about the bacteria that's processing those foods? Dr. Hyman: It is. Right. So your gut bacteria are regulating everything you're doing so we've done studies, for example, where we can see that when you change out bacteria in the gut, it changes the weight of animals or humans independent of the diet. So you can take rats and take bugs from a fat rat, put it in a skinny rat, the rat gets fat. Or you take the bugs from a skinny rat, put in a fat rat, they get skinny independent of how many calories they have. And that's a pretty shocking idea because we all thought that it's all about the calories. Weight loss is nothing other than calories in/calories out. But when you look at the issue of bacteria, what they're doing in there, they're regulating your metabolism in ways that we're just beginning to understand. They're taking the poop of people who are thin and healthy and putting them in diabetes and helping them reverse their diabetes. This is crazy. And I see this all the time. As I treat people's gut and I normalize the flora, they just drop tons of weight because the bad bugs will become inflammatory. They'll trigger inflammation


in the body. They'll trigger insulin resistance as one of the mechanisms. And they also harvest food differently. They metabolize and digest the food differently so they can harvest more calories out of the food. So it's really all very complicated, but it's important to learn how to keep your gut microbiome healthy. Dr. Kellman: So in light of the research of the microbiome, to some degree debunks a lot of the previous diets. And one that comes to mind is the paleo approach because one of their premises is that our genes can't keep up with the agricultural changes, but the microbiome genes of course can. But also many of the other diets, certainly the caloric counting diet, the microbiome debunks that way of thinking. But what about glucose, insulin, reducing the carbs approach to diet? Is that in any ways modified now in light of the research of the microbiome? Dr. Hyman: No, because you change your microbiome based on what you eat. Dr. Kellman: Well, absolutely. But the focus may be a little bit different because if you're only focusing on, if you don't know anything about the microbiome, and you're only focusing on glucose, insulin, inflammation, the diet may be going one direction. And of course they'll be a lot of overlap, but if you're focusing on the microbiome as perhaps the cause of the inflammation and the insulin resistance, perhaps the suggestions and the advice would be somewhat different. Dr. Hyman: Yeah, well, it does. It changes. But the key is how do you fertilize and create a healthy inner garden. And there's a wide variety of foods you can eat to do that. The key is you don't want to eat foods that fertilize bad bugs. So a lot of refined carbs, starches and sugars, will cause overgrowth of bad bugs. You don't want to eat just pure meat because that's going to cause the growth of bugs that putrefy. You want to have a mostly plant-based diet with lots of soluble/insoluble fiber, resistant starches, and good quality animal foods that can actually help


to create a healthy gut environment. I think really how do you actually have a gut microbiome like someone who's in an indigenious hunter-gatherer, that's the question, right? How do you do that? I think that's something we all should really think about. How do we get a gut flora that actually is going to keep us healthy and regulate our health? And what kinds of foods do we need to do that to create a healthy inner garden? Dr. Kellman: Sure. And could you give us some examples of resistant starch? Dr. Hyman: Resistant starch would be like, for example, potato starch. We think potato starch would be like sugar, but it's not. It actually doesn't get broken down. It helps to actually reduce your weight. It helps to improve your metabolism, improve insulin resistance. You can use partially cooked sweet potatoes. Plantains are also a form of resistant starch. They're just a little harder starchy foods. And also you can make resistant starch. For example, if you take white rice, and you cook it with coconut oil and you put it in the fridge and you let it sit overnight. And then you heat it up the next day, just gently, not very hot, like no more than 120 degrees, it actually then will actually promote a form of resistant starch development so that the rice doesn't actually get broken down like sugar. It can help you. Dr. Kellman: Do you recommend that potato starch like in the starch actually that you can get in the grocery store that they sell it as a powder supplement? Dr. Hyman: Yeah, it's Bob's Red Mill potato starch. Dr. Kellman: That's right. Right. Right. Right. Dr. Hyman: Yeah, I've included it in my new book. I wrote a book called Eat Fat, Get Thin about how to actually have a healthy garden too. And I talked about using resistant starch as part of the strategy because you want to fertilize the good bugs. And there are a lot of ways to do it. There's probiotics.


People are doing fecal transplants. We're doing prebiotics. We're doing resistant starch. People are just learning actually how to do this. And we've been doing it for decades, but in a sense we're really just sort of the lid has kind of blown open on this. Dr. Kellman: Well, what are your thoughts about fecal transplants, Mark? Dr. Hyman: Well, I've heard some extraordinary stories. We've got in medicine right now a condition called C. difficile which is an antibiotic-caused diarrhea that is life-threatening and kills thousands of people very year because antibiotics don't work for you anymore because they're resistant to the antibiotics. And yet when we started doing fecal transplants, it like 98% cure rate. There's nothing in medicine that's 98% effective, and yet a fecal transplant will literally cure these people almost overnight. We're just taking the poop out of a healthy person and putting it in someone with an active, rip-roaring colon infection. And that's pretty stunning. That's a stunning result. And then the question is, what else does it work for? And I've seen in other countries like Australia and UK and other people are looking at this. There's research going on all over the world. But they're looking at it for obesity. They're looking at it for autoimmune diseases. They're looking at it for neurologic problems like Parkinson's, autism. I've heard autism stories where kids start talking. And I think autism is a really good example of an ambition that is really driven by gut. Ninety-five percent of these kids have gut issues, and their immune system is disregulated. They have leaky gut and food sensitivities. They have tremendous systemic inflammation as a result, and we end up working on their guts. And they get better. Dr. Kellman: Right. But there's also some side effects and potential negative effects which I've seen. I've seen weight gain in some people.


Dr. Hyman: You want to be careful about who you're getting your poop from. Dr. Kellman: Right. And also I'll tell you something, even personality changes. I've seen anxiety disorders. At least two people that I know that had fecal transfers, they came to see me, they reported new onset anxiety. And I really believe that it may be related to the fecal transplant that they had. Dr. Hyman: Sure. Dr. Kellman: Yeah, so it's not without. Dr. Hyman: We know that this is true. I wrote a book called The UltraMind Solution many years ago looking at how the gut can affect the brain, and in many cases in there of changing gut flora with different treatments and having dramatic changes in the person's mood and cognitive function whether it's OCD or whether it's violent behavior or whether it's autism- just really stunning changes. Dr. Kellman: Right. But that's without fecal transplants. That was with probiotics, prebiotics, and dietary changes, right? Dr. Hyman: Right. Dr. Kellman: Right. But fecal transplants, I think the science is obviously not perfected, but I think absolutely I agree that in certain situations, it's certainly a worthwhile attempt. Dr. Hyman: And who's the donor, right? Dr. Kellman: Right. Who's the donor? Right. Dr. Hyman: Who's a healthy donor anymore? I mean nobody. Dr. Kellman: Right.


Dr. Hyman: Go to the jungle and find some Amazonian tribeman who have never touched a Westerner before and any modern food. They aren't going to find that. Dr. Kellman: But then you might have this primordial desire to become a shaman. Like, “I'm leaving my job as a lawyer. I'm going to become a shaman.” Where is that coming from? Dr. Hyman: Well, I think that happens a lot anyways so Dr. Kellman: What are your thoughts about enemas with certain targeted probiotics? I'm curious what your thoughts are about that. Dr. Hyman: Well, I think probiotic enemas, we've used probiotics vaginally for years. It makes sense conceptually. It's really just a matter of trying and experimenting with things that are low risk to see how it turns out. You put people on probiotics, but you got so many bugs in there. You take a little bit of probiotic, it's like a pea in the ocean. But it actually does work, and it may work by regulating information signals, communication, things that we don't completely understand. Dr. Kellman: Sure. And Dr. Hyman, what do you think the main reason is we're seeing so many gut imbalances today, and what's your unique approach to improving the microbiome? Dr. Hyman: Well, I think that there's a lot of reasons we have gut problems in this century. And it's a sort of combination and a confluence of different things that I think are all causing this. One is our food supply's changed dramatically. We've gone from having foods that were pretty much all organic, all local, all grass-fed and pasture-raised which is basically what our great grandmothers ate. There was, no, they didn't have to go to Whole Foods. They just went to their local grocer or farmer. And then we started to create industrial agriculture with heavy uses of


pesticides, fertilizers, herbicides, and we started hybridizing foods and getting different proteins in the food like gluten, for example, is one of the biggest drivers, I think, of problems because you hybridize the wheat, not genetically modified in the sense of inserting genes, but just plant breeding which adds all these different wheat strains together to create the dwarf wheat. It's drought resistant. It grows more. It's more starchy and a fluffier bread. But the truth is that that actually also contains more gliadin proteins that are more likely to cause inflammation and celiac disease. So we have that. We know there's been a 400% increase in celiac disease in the last fifty years. So you've got changes like that in our food supply. Plus you have the increase in the amount of sugar, lack of fiber, and the amount of additives in processed ingredients, strange things like aspartame, artificial sweeteners that alter the gut microbiome, all the sugar alcohols. And you've sort of got all of a sudden this food supply that's so got unfriendly. And then you put on top of that increasing rates of C-sections. Now almost one third of births are C-sections. Lack of breastfeeding, all of which are necessary to colonize the gut flora and to start normal immune regulation, to colonization as the baby goes through the birth canal and the colostrum and the breast milk that helps the baby's immune system develop. And then you've got this heavy use of antibiotics in babies and kids, the use of immunizations at extremely high rates in little kids' immune systems. And I don't think we're all completely clued in about how these affect different kids. I mean there's a whole field now of vaccinomics which is the study of how different genetic susceptibilities exist to different vaccine regimens. And I think we're just being aware of this of the ability in how kids respond. And some kids do fine. I'm very pro-vaccine. But I think that we have to be asking ourselves does this really make sense to have all these vaccines for all these kids all in their first year? And what is the implications of that? And I think that it's never really


been studied which is stunning actually. Think about it. Vaccines are studied are as a one-off, not when you pile them all together in little kids. So there's all that. And then there's all the drugs that we use. There's obviously all the antibiotics which are increasingly used. There's antibiotics in food. There's 24,000,000 pounds of antibiotics used in this country every year; 19,000,000 of those are used to promote growth in animals and prevent infection from overcrowding because of the poor conditions they're raised in. And then we have other drugs like acid blockers, one of the top selling drugs on the market now like Prilosec, Prevacid. These drugs are altering your gut in ways that when I was a resident and doctor, we were told by the drug company when this came out, we're never to use it more than six weeks because it's very strong, and it shuts down the stomach acid. And now these people are on this for years and years. And it alters your ability to digest your food and causes bacterial overgrowth. It causes yeast overgrowth. It causes nutritional deficiencies. And other drugs, hormones, even birth control pill can be problematic for gut, causing yeast overgrowth. And so we have a whole perfect storm of changing food supply, genetic alterations in food, all kinds of weird ingredients in food, the over increasing c-section and lack of breastfeeding, and then on top of all these gut-busting drugs. And it's like a perfect storm for a disaster in the gut. Dr. Kellman: So how do we begin to correct it? Dr. Hyman: Well, we go to Siberia. We find an indigineous person. We get a fecal transplant. That would be, I think, my first piece of advice. No, I've actually thought of that. Trust me. But in functional medicine we've been doing this for thirty years, and we refined the process. It's called the 5R Program, which means to remove things that are altering the gut function, which would be bugs.


So for example, I had today a lady who had Giardia, bacterial overgrowth, a clostridial overgrowth, three kinds of species of yeast, a lack of healthy bacteria. So I had to get rid of all the bad bugs first. Dr. Kellman: What do you use? Did you use herbs? Dr. Hyman: Yeah, I gave her Flagyl because she had Giardia. I gave her drugs. I would say I'm agnostic when it comes to therapy. The therapy is secondary to understanding the cause. If you understand the cause, you go after it with the best treatment. Sometimes herbs will work fine, but often they don't. And it was a dramatic improvement in her health. And then I gave her anti-fungals. And then I gave her on top of that some herbs. And we helped get her bad bugs out of there. And we removed the food sensitivities, things that are triggering inflammation which often are secondary creating a leaky gut. Dr. Kellman: And how did you determine what food sensitivities she had? Dr. Hyman: You can do we call an elimination provocation test which is where you eliminate the most common foods, and then you reintroduce them. Or you can do food sensitivity testing which is problematic but can be a helpful guide and look at gluten antigens. We do twenty different antigens for gluten. Often they don't have celiac, but they have some version of food sensitivity that's real. Dr. Kellman: Do you use Cyrex? Dr. Hyman: Yep, we use Cyrex. We use other labs. Yeah. And then we have to replace. So that's the remove, remove food reactions and remove bad bugs. And then we replace what's missing. We replace digestive enzymes. She had pancreatic elastase on her stool test. She needed hydrochloric acid. She may need digestive enzymes. And then we may even want to put in prebiotics, right, like foods that help


fertilize the healthy bacteria like, for example, resistant starch is a prebiotic, potato starch or acacia starch or inulin. There's all sorts of prebiotics that can be used. And then we replace what's missing. So she had very low levels of healthy bacteria. We gave her different strains of probiotics to help her gut flora improve and reset. We gave her different strains depending on what the problem was, and we're learning more and more about which probiotics may work for different things. And then we repair the gut. She had high levels of calprotectin, which is a gut inflammation marker. And we gave her curcumin and quercitin. These are herbs that help reduce inflammation. Gamma-linolenic acid, which is an anti-inflammatory omega six fat, zinc, glutamine. And we used a number of different products to help us repair the gut lining. And using this approach plus using the fifth "R" which is relaxation, deal with the gut nervous system. You help them really reset the whole system. And it's a science. There's a method to it, and it's very effective. And it can really result in extraordinary outcomes for patient when they really struggled for decades. Dr. Kellman: And, Mark, you're also a big believer in advising people on the importance of eating the right types of fat and certainly not eating the unhealthy types of fats. Could you elaborate on that? Dr. Hyman: Well, it's interesting I just finished a book on fat. I reviewed all the literature that I could on fat. I've seen everything but there were thousands of articles, and I found some really interesting things. One was that the type of fat you eat determines the health of your bacteria. So there are studies where they give mice high fat diets, and they produce endotoxins. They create inflammation and diabetes. Well, when you look at actually what they're using, it's soybean oil, which is a very high omega six oil. And when you look at other studies where they use omega three oils, that actually promotes healthier gut bacteria. If you use olive oil, it promotes healthier gut bacteria.


So it really depends on the fats that you're eating, how they affect they gut, like everything else. So I think we're learning more and more about how to fine tune things. So it ultimately comes down to just common sense, real, whole, fresh food, as unprocessed as possible, short distance from the field to the fork. And it's just not rocket science. Dr. Kellman: Do you actually recommend taking omega three fish oil as a supplement? Dr. Hyman: I do. I think most Americans are deficient. I've been testing people for decades, and most people who are eating a lot of fish or sardines, they're usually deficient in omega three fats. And that's brought consequences because most of your brain is fat and every single one of your cell membranes is fat and regulates your immune system and inflammation. Dr. Kellman: The connection between all of the above, what we're talking about, keeping the microbiome healthy and glucose and insulin is a very, very important topic, both in the prevention of type II diabetes and certainly in the treatment as well. Is your advice any different for someone with type II diabetes or pre-diabetes than what you've already said? Is there something else you may add? Dr. Hyman: Yeah, of course. I just saw a guy yesterday who was relatively healthy, but he had type II diabetes. And he ate well, and his gut was mess. He just had the worst digestive problems, and he didn't know why he was diabetic. So I'm very curious to see what his results are going to show for his stool. And we're going to customize. It's really personalized. It depends on what's going on with a patient. I had a patient who had a lot of yeast overgrowth. I gave her Diflucan. She lost fifteen pounds. So I think it really depends on what's going on. It doesn't mean everybody who's got weight issues has that problem, but the problem we have in medicine today is we have the error of the name. The error of the name is that we think the name is the problem. It's a cause. Oh, you


have diabetes. That's why your blood sugar is high. No, it's the name of the thing we give to people that have blood sugar. Your joints hurt and you have high levels of rheumatoid factor, you have rheumatoid arthritis. That's why you're in pain. No, it's not why you're in pain. It's just a name we give to people who have those symptoms. So the real reason is what's the cause of those symptoms. And that's the question we never ask in medicine, and that's what we have to ask. And the answer often comes back to the gut. Dr. Kellman: Yeah. It was interesting, some of the research now is showing that perhaps the main reason why eating a lot of sugar, processed foods, and refind carbohydrates is so detrimental to our health is because of its adverse effects on the microbiome. And the other effects are secondary. In other words, the insulin resistance, the glucose issues, and everything else is that the primary insult is the insult to the microbiome. Dr. Hyman: Yep. I think there's a lot of truth in that. I think when you're feeding bad bugs that then create inflammation and actually driving insulin resistance through that mechanism of inflammation. And I think we really have to work on the gut as we start to treat patients with diabetes. I think it's all connected. I have a whole section that I've written. My book was actually fascinating because there's a lot of reasons that people have weight loss resistance. Why can't they lose weight? And they're doing everything right, and they're eating right, and they're exercising. And there are many reasons. But I wrote a whole section called "Beyond Food: Other causes of obesity and damaged metabolism." Dr. Kellman: Is that in your last book? Is that in your last book? Dr. Hyman: It's in my next book. But the problem I wrote so much that I had to take it out so I'm making it an e-book people can get online. Dr. Kellman: Is this the Eat Fat, Get Thin? Is that the new book you're talking


about? Dr. Hyman: Yeah, yeah, February 20, 2015. Dr. Kellman: In February 2016, yeah. Dr. Hyman: 2016. Dr. Kellman: Oh, okay. So tell us a little bit about more about weight loss resistance. Dr. Hyman: Well, there's a lot of causes for it. And when you start to do the research, you can actually find out that a lot of it has to do with the gut. It's often leaky gut, which creates inflammation which relate to food sensitivities, related to altered gut flora, and you need to be tending your inner garden and fix it. It can be related to environmental toxins like mercury or pesticides. It can be related to alterations in mitochondria. It can be related to chronic stress. It can be related to our social networks and the communities we live in. It can be related to nutritional deficiencies. So there's a lot of reasons that people can have problems, but it's often overlooked because we all think it's just calories in, calories out. Dr. Kellman: Do you test for mitochondrial issues or for toxins? Because most people don't get those tests. Most doctors don't offer those tests. Dr. Hyman: Sure, yeah. Well, they don't. I mean I have a woman who was a trainer, and she ate perfectly. And she was like forty pounds overweight. And she like could not lose a pound. And I was like, okay. She felt okay, but she had a few little symptoms. And we tested her. She had super high levels of mercury. I chelated her mercury, and she lost forty pounds. I see this all the time. Dr. Kellman: Now, the chelation was an IV chelation or was it an oral?


Dr. Hyman: No, I gave her pills. I gave her dietary factors that up regulate detoxification. I gave her high doses of certain minerals like selenium and zinc that help chelate out minerals. I gave her things that up regulate glutathione in her diet like glucosinolate-containing vegetables like cruciferous vegetables. And I gave her N-acetyl cysteine, lipoic acid, milk thistle, and some DMSA which helps to bind up the metals and helps it get excreted from the body. Dr. Kellman: Well, that's fascinating. What about other toxins? Let's say dioxin and falates and flame retardants? Could you test for these things? Dr. Hyman: Well, you can. You can test for some of them, not all of them. I mean you can test for all of them, but clinically it's not that practical. The Envoronmental Working Group had tested many folks as part of their investigation of toxins so many people were burdened with 150-160 different toxins. And the Environmental Working Group did a study of newborn babies before they'd taken their first breath, they had 287 known toxins in their blood before they took their first breath like pesticides, DDT, PCBs, parabens, phalates, PBA, metals. You name it, it's in there. It's in all of us. Dr. Kellman: But is there a lab, Mark? Dr. Hyman: And so I think we do test for chlorinated pesticides, organophosphate pesticides, also organic solvents, parabens, phalates, BPA. We do all that. Actually I just put it online to test of glyphosate, which I'm excited to see because I think a lot of people are probably affected by it, and we're missing it. Dr. Kellman: So, Mark, what lab do you use to do those tests? Dr. Hyman: Well, they were the lab who was called Acuchem Lab was bought by Meta-Metrics. And they now have applied that technology. And that lab was bought was Genova. So Genova does a lot of these tests now.


Dr. Kellman: Oh, okay. Oh, that's good to know. But of course, not in the state New York, Dr. Hyman. We're not allowed to do anything here. We have to use our intuition. And so tell us, your new book which is coming out you said in February, Eat Fat, Get Thin, what's the main premise of that book that has not yet been said? Dr. Hyman: Well, the main concept here is that we've been in a complete snow job for the last forty years about fat. And everybody in this country pretty much believes that eating fat makes you fat because it has more calories per gram, more than twice as many calories per gram as carbs and proteins. So if you eat less fat, you'll lose weight. And the second myth is that heart disease is caused by eating fat, and that we should eat less fat to reduce heart disease risk. So those ideas have taken such hold, and they become policy, have become industry, and have subverted our health in a dramatic way by driving Americans to eat low fat/high carb diets. And it’s really killing them. And so I think now we're at a turning point where the research is emerging. There was a recent review in Lancet. Fifty-three randomized controlled trials lasting a year or more by a Drs. Willett and Ludwig and Dr. Hu from Harvard. And they reviewed these studies that last a year or more comparing low and high fat diets. And they found that the high fat diets hands-down led to more weight loss than low fat diets. And you're going, how can that work? Well, it's very simple. If diet is all about calories in/calories out, then yeah, fat loses. But if diet's about hormones and how they regulate your metabolism, then it matters, which hormones get produced depending on what you eat. So insulin is produced when you eat carbs and sugar and even protein. If you eat too much protein, if you're like a paleo person and all you're eating is huge chunks of meat, well, guess what? That can turn to sugar in your body. And so that's called a gluconeogenesis. It's a chemical process. You can


Google it, and it basically happens when you exceed your protein needs, you just turn it into sugar. And then the insulin is produced, and that actually causes fat storage and fat storage particularly in the belly. And so when you eat fat, insulin is not produced. You could drink a liter of olive oil and nothing would happen. You can see this. If you take someone who's a type I diabetic, they don't take insulin. Dr. Kellman: Right. Right. Dr. Hyman: And when they're first diagnosed, what's happening. They're finding classical definitions is we call polyphagia. They're eating everything in sight. They're eating 10,000 calories a day, and they're losing weight like crazy. How could that be? Well, it's because their insulin is not there to store the fat. And actually they store the carbs. The fat tends to get burned and metabolized more easily. But if you combine sugar and fat or carbs or fat, that's a bad combo. Dr. Kellman: Sure. Dr. Hyman: Because that leads to more and actually more problems. Dr. Kellman: So how could the average problem increase their intake of fat and what type of fat? Dr. Hyman: Well, the things that I recommend are pretty simple. It's use olive oil as your main oil. Use coconut oil. Enjoy avocados. Enjoy nuts and seeds, nut butters. Don't trim the fat off your grass-fed beef or lamb. Just enjoy fat. Dr. Kellman: Good. Good. Even a little bit of ice cream? Dr. Hyman: No. Dr. Kellman: Ah!! All right. Once in a while, it's okay. Dr. Hyman: No, that's dairy and sugar. That's called sweet fat. Think of


something. If it's sweet fat, that's bad, right? Dr. Kellman: Right. Right. Dr. Hyman: A french fry is kind of sweet fat. It's a carb and fat. That's a bad news thing. Dr. Kellman: What are your thoughts about erythritol as a sweetener? Are you against it? Dr. Hyman: I'm sort of against alcohol-based sugar alcohol sweetener. Why? Because I think they alter the gut microbiome. I just laugh because I remember someone years and years ago came in, brought me this sugar-free chocolate. I'm like, “Wow. This is awesome.” And so it was like afternoon. I was starting to droop and seeing patients, and I just ate the whole bar. And I literally had like an emergency. I had to run to the bathroom. My stomach completely exploded. And I just like almost died. And I was like, wow. And so I think that it really tends to cause fermentation of that. Dr. Kellman: Bloating. I agree. It's not as good as people make it out to be. But how do you deal with stress? Because you know that stress plays such an important role in keeping the microbiome healthy. So what's your bit of advice for our listeners about stress, stress reduction? Dr. Hyman: Well, you know what's interesting, I was at a talk last night in New York, and there was a woman who was talking about Victor Frankl and Man's Search for Meaning. And she said that he said the only thing you have that is completely your own is your choice of how you respond to any situation. So you get to choose your response, and most people don't believe that or think that or act from that place. And when you get to really internalize that concept, and you realize what's the definition of stress. Stress is your response to a real or imagined threat to your body or your ego. So it can be a threat to your body like a tiger chasing you, or it could be you think your


wife's mad at you but she's really just having a bad moment and it has nothing to do with you. And you get stressed out, but is has nothing to do with reality. So in your body, it's the same thing. So I think one is changing your brain and your thoughts and not really believing all your stupid thoughts and actually having a reframing of your life in a different way that liberates you from being stressed out by your environment. But the second is learning habits that actually help reset your nervous system later. For me it's I know personally I do yoga. I exercise. I take hot baths. I do saunas. I get massages. I know friends who drink tequila, the usual. Dr. Kellman: Right, well, that's a good one to do. I like that one. Let's write that one down: Stress reduction—that's the first advice—tequila. But no, I Dr. Hyman: It's medicinal. Dr. Kellman: I think this is great advice, changing your response. I always tell this to patients: Listen, we physicians we can't change the stressors in people's lives, but certainly we can help them respond to the stress, to respond in a better way, in a more adaptive way, in a healthier way to the stress that you're experiencing. And I think we can do that, as you said, on the highest level, on the level of meaning and the way the mind responds to things. But even with the adaptogens, sometimes you give people the right adaptogens and all of sudden you wonder, wow, these people just are so much kinder because of the right adaptogens. So could you summarize like the three most important points you want to leave our listeners with? Dr. Hyman: I think everybody should recognize that they are hosts to an amazing ecosystem that they have to pay attention to and that they should learn how to tend their inner garden or it's going to cause problems for them. And I think that's something worth paying attention and learning about,


which means what kind of diet should you eat to have a healthy inner garden? What kinds of things can you do to support your inner garden in terms of probiotics? And if you have digestive or other inflammatory issues, what can you do? I think it's really an amazing time in medicine where we're really finally getting to the point where we can begin to solve these problems in a real way for people and help get people healthy where we often couldn't. Dr. Kellman: Sounds very promising and a very exciting future. So thank you so much, Dr. Hyman, for being part of this Microbiome Summit, the Microbiome Revolution, as we call it. It was really so wonderful to speak with you, and I'm sure your advice is going to help people. How do people stay in touch with you and stay in the loop? Dr. Hyman: Well, I encourage people to go on my website, DrHyman.com, and just check out my work and sign up for my weekly video newsletters called House Call with Dr. Hyman where I answer questions from people and check out my new book Eat Fat, Get Thin. Dr. Kellman: Could they purchase? Dr. Hyman: They can. They can pre-order right now online. Dr. Kellman: Good. That's great. For all of you listening, thank you again for joining the Microbiome Medicine Summit. According to research, we are mostly bacterial cells that govern our health. These bacteria actually outnumber our human cells ten to one so we must learn to take care of our microbiome. So with this information, we can tap into their power to heal us. Please, please, please take this groundbreaking, revolutionary information home with you by clicking on the banner beside or below and be sure to share with your family and friends. This is Dr. Raphael Kellman, and I wish all of you an abundant and healthy life. Thank you for being part of this Microbiome Revolution.

Documents

Dr. Kellman: So Dr. Mark Hyman is a nine-timemicrobiomemedicinesummit.com.s3.amazonaws.com/transcripts/Mark… · Guest: Dr. Mark Hyman The purpose of this presentation is to convey