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Dr Keith LovegroveHead – Solar Thermal, IT Power Group, http://www.itpau.com.au(with acknowledgements to Steve Edwards, Josh Jordan, Juergen Peterseim, Hugh Saddler, Jay Rutovitz, Muriel Watt, Joe Wyder)
Current industrial use
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Temperature
Heating water / steam
Drying
Ovens
Chemical feedstock
Viable technology solutions
Biomass if a low cost suitable biomass resource is available convenient to the location.
Solar heating of water or steam at temperatures below approximately 250oC in areas of reasonable solar resources.
Hot sedimentary aquifers for low temperature (< 100oC) process heat where a resource exists nearby to the point of use
Heat pumps for < 100oC if $/MWh(electricity) less than 30 times $GJ (gas)
Non renewable resources such as coal, mine waste gas, other waste etc, ( each with their own issues.)
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Altmark biomethane plant in Germany 1,650m3 biogas per hour from mixed feedstock
Examples
10MWth solar thermal trough array for 250°C, at a copper mine in the Atacama Desert Chile.
De Bortoli winery Griffith NSW,100 x 30 tube collectors to deliver 12,000L of water per day, at 95°C
8 MWth boiler using grape spent grape marc at Australian Tartaric site in Victoria
Costs for biomass: Capital + Fuel
Capital cost has strong dependence on size
Almost independent of technology or temperature of use
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Resource Indicative cost per GJ
Animal wastes, sewage sludge, landfill gas
Generally zero, and may be negative if disposal costs are avoided
Wood process residues, bagasse etc. used on site
$0 - 0.20/GJ (1)
Short cycle crops (such as oil mallee)
$5-7/GJ near term, $3/GJ mature industry (1)
Wood pellets $12/GJ ex plant (2), add $0.3/GJ up to 15km, $0.8/ GJ up to 70km (1)
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.00
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000f(x) = 2332866.9340843 x -̂0.289896618785939R² = 0.998074897195382
Process Heat Plant Specific Cost
Process heat demand, MWth
Spec
ific
plan
t cos
t, A
U$/
MW
th
Boilers or gasifiers
Digestors
Fuel not universally available
Cost ranges from zero upward
Prospective Opportunities for Bioenergy
Locations where: There is access to a low cost bioenergy supply eg a waste stream close by
Solar energy or other renewable options are not as prospective
Prospective industries include: Food and beverage manufacturing
Meat processing
Pulp and paper manufacturing
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Costs for solar thermal: Capital only, depends on temperature & size
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Assumptions:7.5% on 60% debt, 10% on equity, 15 year depreciation, 20yrs life…
Prospective opportunities for Solar Thermal
Industries where:
Gas is used for low to medium temperature applications (50 – 500oC)
Locations where: Appropriate waste streams are not readily available or biomass transportation
and storage costs are prohibitive
There is a large amount of solar radiation
Land (including roof space) is available at low or no cost
Prospective industries might therefore include: Food & beverage
Dairy
Minerals and resource processing
Meat processing, abattoirs
Chemicals manufacturing
Fertiliser manufacturing
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Thank for your attention
For more information,
http://arena.gov.au/resources/renewable-energy-options-for-australian-industrial-gas-users/