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Dr. J V Sharma IFS
REDD Plus is a financial incentive mechanism for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, plus signifying positive elements of conservation, SFM, and enhancing carbon stock through afforestation & reforestation, with the potential of sustaining livelihood of Forest Dependent Communities (FDCs), maintenance of ecosystem services and biodiversity conservation with safeguards of people living in and around forests (their rights, governance, and sustainable livelihood).
India has 1210 million human population (2011 census) [population density 382 per sq. km up from 264 in 1991 & 325 in 2011]
464 million livestock (excluding Poultry). 21.8% population is below poverty line and more than
273 million people have dependence on forests for their livelihood and some for subsistence needs
Forest cover is 21.05% & Tree Outside Forests is 2.76% of GA.
In spite of vast pressure - forest cover has stabilized for last decade
Total Growing Stock both in forests and TOF is 6047.158 Million M3 (4498.427 M M3 Forests & 1548.427 M M3 TOF)
Conservation Oriented Forest Management Under NFP 1988 India has strong legal regime – Indian Forest Act,1927; Forest Conservation Act,1980; Wild Life Protection Act,1972; Forest Right Act, 2006; Environment Protection act,1986; Biological Diversity Act, 2002; State Forest Acts, Regulations for trees out side forests and forest based industries and Judicial Decisions and Institutional Mechanism to implement National Forest Policy,1988Community Participation - Joint Forest Management on the principals of “care & share”. (More than 22 Million Ha. By more than 1.2 lakh committees)TOF meet around 50% wood demand , 15-20 % from Natural forests and 30-35% from Import.
Forest Carbon (AGB,BGB , Soil Carbon, Dead wood and Litter) of Indian Forests was 6071 MT in 1994 and 6288 MTC in 2004
Forests in India are primarily environmental and social resource, only secondarily as commercial resource
The Prime Objective of NFP,1988 is ecological security of Nation and other objective of NFP is subordinate to Prime objective
Local people, particularly tribals have first charge on forests for their livelihood and sustenance need
“+” has been initiated by India at UNFCCC
Status Paper on REDD+ by MOEF
REDD+ Cell in MOEF
National Level Consultation on preparedness
of REDD+ jointly by MOEF and TERI
National Level Consultation on International
architecture on REDD+ jointly by MOEF and
TERI
International consultation on International on Architecture on REDD+ and its Relevance to developing Countries during COP-11 of CBD jointly by TERI and MOEF
International Consultation on South Asian Perspectives of REDD+ during DSDS, 2013 jointly by TERI,MOEF and ICIMOD
Regional Consultation on preparedness of REDD+ at Banglore jointly organized by TERI,MOEF and KFD
Regional Consultation on preparedness of REDD+ at Kohima, jointly organized by TERI,MOEF and NFD
Regional Consultation on preparedness of REDD+ at Bhopal jointly organized by TERI,MOEF and MPFD
Regional Consultation on preparedness of REDD+ at Agra jointly organized by TERI,MOEF and UPFD
Village level consultation at Renukoot, Chindwara, Angul, Tehri,Sundarbans and Kohima by TERI and SFDs
State Level Consultation in Odisha by TERI and MOEF
Expert Committee for preparation of reference document and Strategy for REDD+ in India by MOEF under the chairmanship of Dr. Jagdish Kishwan
REDD+ cell established by IGNFA under the chairman ship of Dr. Jagdish Kishwan
Initiatives has been taken by ICFRE and some of the state governments like Nagaland, MP and Karnataka
Objectives:“Reducing emissions from land use, including deforestation: cooperation on forests and land use, including reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation and enhanced sequestration, through afforestation, conservation and sustainable management of forests.”
Expected Outcomes: Improved tools, methods and approaches developed and deployed for taking REDD+ actions to scale. Forest-PLUS will: accelerate India’s transition to a low emissions
economy by taking REDD+ actions to scale. support Green India Mission and REDD+
activities. actively engage with communities and local
governments in supporting REDD+ activities.
Task 1: Develop tools, techniques and methods for better ecosystem management and to increase carbon sequestration.
Task 2 : Develop improved methods to establish carbon inventory and reference baselines.
Task 3: Analyze social and economic incentives for promoting REDD+ policy and practice.
Task1: Establish government and stakeholder dialogue and communication processes.
Task2 : Engage stakeholders constructively in REDD+ implementation.
Task3: Human and institutional capacity development and strengthening of enabling environment.
POLICY BRIEF ,PROCEEDINGS AND REPORT POLICY BRIEF
Policy Brief on International
Architecture on REDD+ Policy Brief on Institutional
Mechanism on REDD+ in India Proceedings of Side Event on
International Architecture on
REDD+ and its Relevance to
developing countries during
COP-11 of CBD Report on International
Architecture on REDD+ and its
relevance to India
• Discussions and consultations lead to identification of many issues:
Unresolved issues of Definition of Sustainable Management of Forests, Baseline, MRV
In India, Sustainable Management of Forests is synonymous with Sustainable Forest Management
Determination of baseline at 1990 or later For MRV- GoI should identify a lead agency or verification of
carbon For MRV- reporting should be carried out through the state
government to GoI For MRV- Monitoring by 3rd party designated by GoI Capacity building of Forest Departments, communities w.r.t.
MRV Proposed an institutional arrangement after consultations and
discussions
Institutional Arrangement
A book on "Sustainable Forest Management and REDD+ in India“ launched during TERI’s flagship event Delhi Sustainable Development Summit 2013
• Forest Governance: JFMC a sub-committee of Garma Sabha Gram Sabha –a centric Body where CFR under FRA
recognized Role of Women in decision making where pre-existing
Community –Based forest Governance Role of FD –Technical, Monitoring and enforcement
of Legislations (Regulatory) • Project design:
Small Scale at JFMC /Gram Sabha level Five Pool of carbon (AGB, BGB, Litter, dead wood
and Soil Carbon) Low Transaction Cost Simple methodology for carbon assessment which
should be validated with GIS Technology
• Forest Governance: JFMC a sub-committee of Garma Sabha Gram Sabha –a centric Body where CFR under FRA
recognized Role of Women in decision making where pre-existing
Community –Based forest Governance Role of FD –Technical, Monitoring and enforcement
of Legislations (Regulatory) • Project design:
Small Scale at JFMC /Gram Sabha level Five Pool of carbon (AGB, BGB, Litter, dead wood
and Soil Carbon) Low Transaction Cost Simple methodology for carbon assessment which
should be validated with GIS Technology
Financing: Fund-Based Mechanism initially Exploring Voluntary Market National Level schemes /Funding Mechanism
such as GIM, CAMPA ,EAPs and Finance Commission may be used for compensating conservation efforts of community by way of carbon
• Ecosystem Services: Carbon sequestration is just like other
ecosystem service and it is treated as co-benefit , other services and biodiversity conservation are key benefits
• Capacity Building: Capacity building of forest department
officials and community Capacity building of other departments
related to rural development Generating awareness among officials of
other line departments.• Livelihood:
Livelihood Based on sustainable harvest Un-sustainable harvest must be
substituted with alternate means of employment and opportunities
Recognition of Forest Principles
Decentralized Forest Governance
Protection of Rights of Forest dependent Communities
Sustainable Livelihood and Poverty Reduction
Avoid adverse impact on non-forest ecosystems
Protection of Natural Forests from degradation
Low carbon and climate resilient sustainable development
Maintenance of Ecosystem services and Biodiversity Conservation
Undertaking a comprehensive assessment for designing a REDD Plus project at the field level
•Five pilot projects in Uttar Pradesh, Uttrakhand, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha and West Bengal for designing REDD+ Project was conducted•Village Level Consultations conducted at Garhdarwa village, Sonbhadra District of UP State, Jereng Village in Angul District of Odisha, Jharkhali and Bakkhali villages in Sundarbans, 24 Parganas District of West Bengal, Suva Kholi village in Tehri District of Uttrakhand and Delakhari village in Chindwara District of MP State. •Socio-economic survey completed in all the pilot sites•Carbon assessment has been completed in UP, MP, Uttrakhand and Odisha States, while it is under process in West Bengal, Considering five pools of carbon•Analysis of Socio-economic survey in UK, MP, UP and Odisha has been completed•Analysis of biomass data through GIS – Remote sensing technology is completed except Sundarban site
Assessment of actual harvest of forest produce (fuelwood, fodder and minor forest produce)
Quantification of sustainable harvest Assessment of unsustainable harvest and
leakages Unsustainable harvest is largely due to
unemployment/ lack of livelihoods/ severe poverty
Identification of options for the substitution of dependence on forest through alternative livelihood from sectors other than forest with the activities such as poultry, tasar cultivation, lac and MNREGA
Establishment of simple methodology for biomass assessment
5 pools of carbon(AGB, BGB, Soil Carbon, Dead Wood, Leaf Litter)
In mangrove forests, we are thinking to add 6th pool of carbon i.e. Phytoplanktons
Biomass asessment has been completed in four sites except Sundarbans
Biomass in comparison to 1990 has been enhanced with the conservation efforts of the community in Renukoot, Angul, Chiandwara and Reduce in case of Mussoorie
Project should be small scale i.e. JFMC/Village level
Baseline for carbon estimation should be 1990
Establishment of simple methodology for biomass assessment
5 pools of carbon(AGB, BGB, Soil Carbon, Dead Wood, Leaf Litter)
In mangrove forests, we are thinking to add 6th pool of carbon i.e. Phytoplanktons
Biomass asessment has been completed in four sites except Sundarbans
Biomass in comparison to 1990 has been enhanced with the conservation efforts of the community in Renukoot, Angul, Chiandwara and Reduce in case of Mussoorie
Project should be small scale i.e. JFMC/Village level
Baseline for carbon estimation should be 1990
Biomass estimation (1990 and 2012)
Site AGTB BGTBAngul 14.166 3.825
Chindwara 89.451 24.152
Renukoot 53.29 14.388
Mussoorie -2.695 -0.728
Change (t/ha)
Harvest - Sustainable/Unsustainable Fodder
Total Harvest: 320T/y Sustainable Limit:
117T/y Unsustainable harvest:
203T/y
Fuel wood Total harvest: 146T/y Sustainable Limit:
77T/y Unsustainable harvest:
69T/y
Unsustainable harvest is being substituted by Natural/Non-Natural/Forest Resource Based Livelihood
Enhancing & strengthening the forestry based livelihood practices such as tasar and lac culture
Lac culture practice saves the beutea trees- a representative of degraded forests
Raising tasar plantations on land vulnerable to encroachment has saved the land
Poultry Farming MANREGA With the help of SHGs
Natural resource Based Livelihood
Rural Development Schemes such as MANREGA
JICA Projects for improving livelihood of FDCs along with SFM in UP,WB, Rajasthan, Karnataka, Tamilnadu
Green India Mission
One of the Eight Missions under National Program on Climate Change
GOALS: Responding to climate change - combination of A&M measures Enhancing carbon in sustainably managed forests and other ecosystemsAdaptation of vulnerable species /ecosystems to the changing climateAdaptation of forest dependent communities
OBJECTIVES:Increase FTC on 5 M ha. plus Improve quality of forests on 5 M ha. Improve ecosystem services including biodiversity, hydrological and carbon sequestration from 10 M ha. of above forests. Increase forest based livelihood of 3 million FDCsEnhance annual CO2 sequestration of 50-60 MT by 2020
Core principles First charge on forests/ecosystem good and services of local
communities Empowerment of communities & decentralized forest governance TEK of communities along with forestry science and state off the
art technologies Restoration of eco-systems and habitat diversity – incl. degraded
forests, grasslands, mangroves, wetlands Participatory planning and execution of interventions – integrated
action at village-cluster of villages in in around forests/watersheds in selected landscapes
.
Thank You