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Fuel Cells – Building Integration. Fuel cells for CHP: Existing Projects Fuel cells for domestic use: Future Projects. Dr.-Ing. Peter Seifert; DBI Gas- und Umwelttechnik GmbH; Leipzig / Freiberg; Germany. MITGAS Fuel Cell Project. Location:MITGAS Office Building in Gröbers - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Dr.-Ing. Peter Seifert; DBI Gas- und Umwelttechnik GmbH; Leipzig / Freiberg; Germany
Fuel cells for CHP:
Existing Projects
Fuel cells for domestic use:Future Projects
Fuel Cells – Building Integration
Existing Projects
MITGAS Fuel Cell Project
Location: MITGAS Office Building in Gröbers (near Halle / Sachsen-Anhalt)
Heat use: Office heating Run the absorption
chiller
Power use: Delivery into
the grid
Waste gas heat 2% Remains 5%
Own power consumption 5%
Cooling losses 28%
Power 36%
High temp. heat 10%
Low temp. heat 14%
Naturalgas
MITGAS: Energy balance – first year of operation
500
459,3
650
215
9,6
150
450,1
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
mg
/m³ d
ry w
aste
gas
, 5
% o
xyg
en
NOx
CO
HC
TA-Luft Gas engine PC 25 C
MITGAS: Reduction of emission
Kamenz Fuel Cell Project
Location: Malteser Hospital Kamenz (near Dresden / Saxony)
Heat use: Hospital heating Run the adsorption
chiller
Power use: Delivery to the
hospital
Existing Projects
Kamenz: Data of the main components
Component Characteristic Manufacturer
Phosphor acid fuel cell (PAFC)
Power output 200 kW ONSI
Heat output 220 kW
Adsorption chiller Refrigeration capacity
105 kW MAYEKAWA
Compression chiller Refrigeration capacity
80 kW YORK
Ice storage Capacity 400 kWh FAFCO
Heat storage Volume 20 m3 FLAMCO / SOLVIS
TWD collectors Area 115 m2 SSL Eibau
Photovoltaic elements Area 15 m2 SOLARWATT Dresden
Powercentral
Solarcollectors
Fuel cell
Kamenz: Bird’s-eye view
Auxiliary cooler for the fuel cell
Cooling tower for the adsorp-tion chiller
20 m³ heat tank
Heat cycle connections of the fuel cell
Kamenz: Court
View into the power central (Jan. 2000)
Adsorption chiller (MYKOM ADR 30) 105 kW cooling capacity
Ice storageCapacity 400 kWh
Kamenz: Power central
Kamenz: Main components of the project
Natural gas
Natural gasPower
Boilers Heat
Solar collectors
Compression chiller
Adsorption chiller
Cold heat
Cooling ceilings
Heat storage
Ice storage
Fuel cell
Kamenz: Energy distribution
Fuel Cell
Solar plant
Cooling plant
200 kW
240 kW
220 kW
50 kW
1530 kW
105 kW
80kW35 kW
Ads. chiller
Ice storage
Comp. chiller
Po
we
rH
ea
tC
old
he
at
Kamenz: Fuel cell operating hours
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800O
per
atin
g h
ou
rs [
h]
Feb
00
Mrz
00
Apr
00
Mai
00
Jun
00
Jul 0
0
Aug
00
Sep
00
Okt
00
Nov
00
Dez
00
Jan
01
Feb
01
Mrz
01
Apr
01
Mai
01
Jun
01
Jul 0
1
Aug
01
Load Idle Maintenance Breakdown
Kamenz: Fuel cell efficiencies
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0 50 100 150 200 250Electric output [kW]
Ele
ctri
c ef
fici
ency
[%
]
Electric efficiencyCell efficiency
Gross efficiency
Net efficiency
Kamenz: Grid independent operation
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
12 13 14 15 16 17Time [hours]
Ele
ctric
al o
utp
ut
[kW
]
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Effi
cie
ncy
[%
]
deliv.Power
El.eff.
Time Event
13:35 Entered I 80 - Run Grid Independent
14:15 Entered I 50 -Run Grid
Connected
14:46 Entered I 80 - Run Grid
Independent
15:41 Entered I 50 - Run Grid Connected
Kamenz: Effects of the ice storage (hottest days of the year)
0
100
200
300
400
500
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24Time
Sto
rag
e l
oa
d [
kWh
]
0
50
100
150
200
250
Co
oli
ng
ca
pa
city
[kW
]
Compression chiller Cooling capacity AdCh - SolarCooling capacity AdCh - FC Cooling demandIce storage load
Ice storage discharge
Kinds of available fuel cells
Domestic application of fuel cells
Future Opportunities
Company: Sulzer Hexis Vaillant EFCCell Type: SOFC PEM PEM
Power: 1 kW el 1 – 4.6 kW el 1.5 kW elHeat: 2.5 kW th 1.5 – 7 kW th 8 kW th
+ 12/16/22 kW th + 25 – 50 kW th
Efficiency: ~ 85 % > 80 % > 70 %
Available: Q3 / 2001 2002 Q2 / 2002(Field test) (Field test) (Field test)
Fuel cells for domestic use
House of one‘s own: Consumption and generation mismatch
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
24 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24Time [h]
Ene
rgy
dem
and
[kW
]
Fuel cell P_therm Heat tank Additional burnerPower demand Heat demand Fuel cell P_el
June 19
Field test for 3 kinds of fuel cells
in domestic projects
Co-operation in the DVGW Project “European Standardisation of Fuel Cells”
DBI Future Projects
Domestic Application
VEG
VEG
Pel
Pth
Pth
Pth
Pth
consumer
QH QW
Wel
T
T
nat. gasnat. gas
waste gas
waste gas
boiler
fuelcell
heattank
heat
hot water
power
nat. gasnat. gas
Pel
Pel
control
Power
Mehrfamilienhaus-Siedlung mit PEM-Brennstoffzellen im Stromverbund
Nat. gas
HT
HT
HT
HT
Main control
Energy opt.HT
BFC
BFC
BFC
FC
BFC
B
Apartment houses with power coupled PEM fuel cells