Dr Halilu Ahmad Shabadrhalilu@yahoo.com

Introduction Disaster management Disaster scenario Disaster management cycle Characteristics of disaster Space application for disaster management Some applications Nigerian Space Asset UNSPIDER International Charter Advantages of Space Applications Conclusions

DISASTER

A serious disruption of the functioning of a society with widespread human, material, or environmental losses which exceed the ability of affected society to cope using only its own resources. (UNDP)

Disaster = Hazard + Vulnerability

Disaster Management is the systematic observation and analysis of disasters to improve measures relating to prevention, mitigation, preparedness, emergency response and recovery.

Disaster management

• The range of actvities, prior and after the disaster, designed to maintain control over disasters and to provide a framework for helping at-risk persons and/or communities to avoid, minimize or recover from the impact of disaster.

DM cycle- 2

• Prevention

• Preparedness

• Relief

• Rehabilitation

• Reconstruction

Another DM Cycle

• Preparedness

• Mitigation

• Response

• Recovery

What is it Where is it Why is it How is it …. Going on, Who is affected

Note that all the questions deal with locations or relate to it.

Flood Earthquake Landslides Erosion Deforestation Fire What could also be people, infrastructures and

properties or environment and resources

All related to locations and vulnerability can be due to proximity or characteristics of the location.

The points or areas of impact The area, the locality, the state, the country The whole state can not have flood, nor the country.

Not even the local government but a part.

Here relate to the cause that could be answered by the hazard types and most hazards are due to the characteristic of the location or the magnitude of the event is influenced by location – example of fire with fodder, heat and oxygen, erosion with soils, slope, kinetic energy of the rain and its duration, etc.

How is it relate to trends and pattern, method

This is basically related to proximity to disaster vulnerability

Loss of life - How many, where to bury them, what environmental effect, where are there properties

Loss of properties- what property is seriously damaged, which ones need to be relocated, which ones prevented effective management and passages, which ones can be used for evacuation, which ones are critical.

Injuries- where are the hospitals? Loss and damage to infrastructures- evacuation route, power-line,

communication facilities affected. Environmental degradations- what resources or part of

environment is affected and what would be the impact. Poverty- economic aspects affected and the resources

Satellite communications help warn people who are at risk, especially in remote areas

They help connect a disaster zone to the outside world

Images from earth observing satellites help assess the damage caused by disasters like earthquakes, volcano eruptions, oil spills and floods.

Global navigation satellite systems enable us to obtain positional information on events that have to be mapped

Space-based Solutions …Space-based Solutions …

Satellite data - a viable tool for experts to monitor emergencies, identify risk areas and map the extent of a disaster

An overview of the situation can be obtained quickly, as large areas can be covered in one pass, indicating zones in danger and those already affected

And once the situation has returned to normal, satellite data can be used to assess the damage, map affected regions and help devise prevention plans for the future.

It's about monitoring emergencies as they happen. It's about keeping track of a flood, alerting coastguards to pollutants in the water, detecting burning fires or assisting authorities in rebuilding after disasters

GPS - Global Positioning Systems GLONASS Global Positioning Systems (GPS) are space-based

radio positioning systems that provide 24 hour three-dimensional position, velocity and time information to suitably equipped users anywhere on or near the surface of the Earth (and sometimes off the earth). Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are extended GPS systems, providing users with sufficient accuracy and integrity information to be useable for critical navigation applications.

Information disseminations

existing: NOAAH, GOES global day and night observations prediction/monitoring of hurricanes, typhoons,

tornadoes, volcanic eruptions

Disaster Recovery, monitoring and preparation Flooding Fire Damage Water Pollution Discharge: Storm Water Runoff Coastal Mapping Monitoring and Bathymetry Reconnaissance Shipping Observation Refugee Monitoring Earthquakes Communications for emergency management

Emergency Monitoring, Response and AssessmentSimilar to urban and suburban mapping, the high resolution imagery can provide vital and accurate inventory of asset and facility locations, evacuation routes, and vulnerability evaluations. In addition, the daily coverage will enable up-to-date monitoring during events and damage assessments immediately after.

Increasing urbanization, forest clear-cutting, wetland and floodplain destruction, river channelization and changing climate patterns are increasing the frequency and intensity of floods.

High resolution multispectral imagery can display detailed information concerning flooding and damage extent,

current knowledge of highway and bridge status can aid in effective transport of relief supplies.

Flood boundaries can be measured Individual buildings and parcel boundaries can be identified for

commercial and residential property damage assessment.

Both high and low spatial resolution imagery can be used before, during, and after a fire to measure fuel potential, access, progress, extent, as well as damage and financial loss.

Urban Fire Damage In developed areas, high spatial resolution satellite imagery can serve as a valuable assessment tool both before and after a fire.

Multispectral imagery can help the user map vegetation that could fuel a fire, and proximity to housing. After a fire, the high resolution imagery shows the complete absence of vegetation and total destruction of buildings.

The combination of a digital terrain model and 1-meter imagery illustrates the difficulty of navigating fire fighting equipment and personnel through the steep terrain and narrow roads.

Forest Fire Damage Assessment For forest fire damage assessment, high resolution panchromatic imagery captures the fine detail in individual tree crowns, while the 3-meter multispectral imagery can be used to evaluate the health of the trees that survived.

Satellite imageries can measure impervious surfaces such as roofs, streets, and parking lots, and pervious surfaces such as tree and grass covered areas influencing urban flood.

Coral reefs, sea-grass beds, mangroves, salt marshes, chlorophyll, sedimentation, and development activities can be accurately located, identified and monitored.

Asaba

Coastal areas can be evaluated for sensitivity and suitability for siting ports, tourist facilities, aquaculture and fisheries development.

1-meter panchromatic imagery combined with the 3-5-meter blue band shows even finer detail, such as sandbars, channels, wave patterns and beach structures. Both types of multispectral imagery can penetrate to several meters in depth in areas with extremely clear, non-turbid water. Using the imagery, near and offshore shallow water depth contours can be created.

Monitoring departing and arriving vessels at commercial and military ports is an important factor in intelligence surveillance. By using high-resolution satellite imagery and Radar, details, such as specific identification, classification (of both ship and cargo), and arrival/departure times can be tracked. Intelligence can also be gained from vehicles, equipment, and cargo located on the surrounding loading docks.

Nigeria has deployed some space assets:

a) Nigeriasat-1 : a LEO EO satellite launched in 2003

Images in 3 bands ; Green, Red and NIR.

32m resolution, 600km swath width

Part of the DMC constellation offering daily revisit

Has a nominal life span of 5years

Nigeriasat-2 launched 17 August 2011

An EO satellite with enhanced features

Carries 2.5m panchromatic, 5m multispectral and 32m imaging payloads

NigeriaSat X is built by Nigerian Engineers with 22m resolution

Nigeriasat-1 has captured more 5000 images

Some of the images have been used in disaster related projects e.g.

Development of Early Warning Systems for Food Security in Nigeria

Modelling Hydrologic and Environmental Impact e.g.- Lake Nyos Dam Failure on Benue/Katsina-Ala Basin as ongoing.

Provide data as part of the DMC for DM – Katrina and Tsunami

Mapping of the Impact of Gully Erosion in South East Nigeria

Development of RS and GIS Predictive Models for Desertification Early Warning

Nigeriasat-2 will produce higher resolution imageries for similar DM operations

International

Crisis

Nigeria China

UK

TurkeyAlgeria

Disaster

Monitoring

Constellation

International

Charter

FranceCanad

a

India

ESA

USA

Argentina

Japan

Nigcomsat-1- a communication satellite in 420E GEO launched 2007

Hybrid (quad band) satellite

De-orbited Primarily provides

communications services Re Launched 19

December 2011

Able to support required telecommunications in all phases of DM

Strategically positioned to relay information across the globe

Ku- and Ka-bands bandwidth are readily available to support DM traffic

Enhances interconnection with VSAT and USAT for remote interconnectivity in the times of disaster

Local disaster management bodies are pursuing this course

The door is also open to International bodies in charge of DM intending to subscribe to GEO communication service especially in Africa

Learning facilities, schools, hospitals, etc are often destroyed in times of disasters.

Telemedicine is a solution to scarce health service times of disaster.

Tele-education is a solution for learning in recovery stage of such disaster

Nigcomsat-1 supports both tele-medicine and tele-education Validated by the NASRDA Telemedicine and tele-education

projects.

GNSS provides position, velocity and timing information for users.

4 satellites provide 3-D positioning

GNSS is integrateable with other systems like GIS, RS and Comms to provide enhanced services

Its well position for the use in the different phases of DM

GPS Satellite availability in Abuja

GNSS - GPS constellation

GNSS is used in Search and Rescue and relief efforts

Enable prediction of eartquakes, floods, etc

Highly dependable for Emergency response (NAVCOM)

Fire fighting operation (infrared +GPS RXs)

Proposed SBAS supported by Nigcomsat-1

Can support alert messaging similar to ALIVE concept of EGNOS

Enable ease integration to CNS/ATM of ICAO

Establish DGNSS that support SAR, ER, AFREF support and map data processing

MDGNSS and GPS establishment for monitoring crustal movements and coastal dynamics (CGG, Toro)

Disaster Mgt Centre #N

Disaster Mgt Centre #1

A proposed ALERT messaging using NIGCOMSAT-1

L-band global coverage

Gateway to space information for disaster management support Space • Support pp the access and share of disaster management case studies, guides and products • Bridge to connect the disaster management and space communities • Facilitate capacity‐building and institutional strengthening

• Mission statement: “Ensure that all countries and regional and international organisations have access to and develop the capacity to use all types of space-based information to support the full disaster management cycle”.

Seven years in the making …. (A/AC.105/893)Seven years in the making …. (A/AC.105/893)

CBERS

A Gateway to Space-based Information for Disaster Management Support1.Compilation of Information2.Access to Information3.Awareness Raising4.Outreach Activities5.Regional and Country Profiles

 A Bridge to Connect the Disaster Management and Space Communities

6.Support to Communities of Practice (CoP)7.Knowledge Management and Transfer8.Platform for Fostering Alliances

A Facilitator of Capacity Building and Institutional Strengthening

9.Support to National Activities10. Support to Establishing National Planning and Policies11. Support to Capacity Building

UN SPIDER Activities (A/AC.105/894)UN SPIDER Activities (A/AC.105/894)

UN-SPIDER CornerstonesUN-SPIDER Cornerstones

UN-SPIDER Team

National Focal PointsNetwork of Regional Support Offices

UNOOSA ViennaBeijing OfficeBonn OfficeGeneva Liaison Office

UN-SPIDER – CornerstonesUN-SPIDER – CornerstonesNetwork of Regional Support Offices -

Regional and national centres of

expertise in the use of space

technology in disaster management

which agree to form a network for

implementing the activities of the

programme in their respective regions

in a coordinated manner. These

Regional Support Offices should be

leading national or regional institutions

with notable expertise in the use of

space technology for disaster

management.

UN-SPIDER Team

National Focal PointsNetwork of Regional Support Offices

UN-SPIDER Beijing Office

UN-SPIDER Bonn Office

OOSA/Staff in Vienna

Network of Regional Support Offices

RSO Algeria

RSO Nigeria

RSO I.R. Iran

UN-SPIDER CornerstonesUN-SPIDER Cornerstones

UN-SPIDER Team

National Focal PointsNetwork of Regional Support Offices

National Focal Points – the national institutions representing the disaster management and/or space application communities that are nominated by their respective government to work with UN-SPIDER to strengthen national disaster management planning and policies and in the implementation of specific national activities that incorporate space-based technology solutions to support disaster management.

International Charter Space and Major DisastersInternational Charter Space and Major Disasters

•An International agreement among Space Agencies to support with space-based data and information relief efforts in the event of emergencies caused by major disasters.

Disaster response

Multi-satellite data acquisition planning

• Fast data turn-around – priority acquisition

Archive retrievals and spacecraft tasking

Data processing at pre-determined level

Space Agency contribution in image/data

Space Agency initiative for value-added-data fusion

European Space Agency (ESA)

ERS, ENVISAT

Centre national d'études spatiales (CNES)

SPOT

Canadian Space Agency (CSA)

RADARSAT

Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)

IRS

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

POES, GOES

Argentina's Comisión Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE)

SAC -C

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)

ALOS

United States Geological Survey (USGS)

LANDSAT

Disaster Monitoring Constellation (DMC)

UK, Nigeria, Algeria, Turkey

China National Space Agency (CNSA)

FY, SJ, ZY satellite series

Regional coverage Repetitive coverage Planning capabilities Remove barrier to accessibility Connecting victims to decision makers Monitoring capabilities Easy and effective navigation Early warning Documentation Rapid mapping