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1Dr Gihan Gawish
King Saud UniversityRiyadh
Saudi Arabia
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What is Spectroscopy ?
Spectroscopy is a technique that uses the interaction of energy with a sample to perform an analysis.
Dr Gihan Gawish
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Dr Gihan Gawish
E = hc/ = h (photon)
E = energyh = Planck's constantc = speed of light = wavelength = frequency
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Dr Gihan Gawish
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• The data that is obtained from
spectroscopy is called a spectrum.
• A spectrum is a plot of the intensity of
energy detected versus the wavelength (or
mass or momentum or frequency, etc.) of
the energy.
Dr Gihan Gawish
What is Spectrum?
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• Often, spectra are used to identify the components of a sample (qualitative analysis).
• Spectra may also be used to measure the amount of material in a sample (quantitative analysis).
Dr Gihan Gawish
What Information is Obtained?
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• There are several instruments that are used to
perform a spectroscopic analysis.
•Spectroscopic methods involve a
number of instruments designed for
specialized applications.
Dr Gihan Gawish
What Instruments are Needed?
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In simplest terms, spectroscopy requires:
1. An energy source (commonly a laser, but this could be an ion
source or radiation source)
2. An optical system to collect the rediation
3. A device for measuring the change in the energy source after it
has interacted with the sample (often a spectrophotometer or
interferometer).
Dr Gihan Gawish
What Instruments are Needed?
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•a slit, •collimator lens, •prism or grating, •and a telescope or objective lens
which produces a spectrum for visual observation is called a spectroscope
(1+2).
Dr Gihan Gawish
An Optical Instrument Consisting of:
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• If a spectroscope is provided with a photographic camera or other device for recording the spectrum, the instrument is called a spectrograph.
• A spectroscope that is provided with a calibrated scale either for measurement of wavelength or for measurement of refractive indices of transparent prism materials is called a spectrometer.
3-Spectrograph vs Spectrometer
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Fluorescence microscopeDr Gihan Gawish
Dr Gihan Gawish
Flowcytometry
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DNA HistogramDr Gihan Gawish
