Dr. Chung-Yao HsuanAssistant Researcher

Research Center for Energy Technology and StrategyNational Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.

The Offshore Wind Farm's Meteorological and Oceanographic Measurements

for the NCKU Floating LiDAR Application in the Taiwan Strait

International Conference on Advanced Offshore Wind Turbines

 Charles Brush’s windmill of 1888, used for generating electricity.

Wind energy is the kinetic energy of air in motion. Total wind energy flowing through an imaginary area A during the time t is:

Wind power has been used as long as humans have put sails into the wind. For more than two thousand years wind-powered machines have ground grain and pumped water.

The first windmill used for the production of electricity was built in Scotland in July 1887 by Prof James Blyth of Anderson's College,

Introduction to Wind Energy

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Wind Speed and Wind Turbines

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The Global Wind Power Status-2013 (GWEC)

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Global Wind Power Handing over to Offshore

2013

7,046

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Global Offshore Wind Power Status-2013

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Taiwan Offshore Wind Power

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Taiwan Wind Power Roadmap

• 626 MW have developed onshore before 2014, and will achieve 866 MW by 2015, 1,200 MW will be reached by 2020.

• Establish two demonstration offshore wind farms by 2015, and reach 3GW installed capacity on shallow off-shore areas by 2030.

Offshore Wind Assessment

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Floating LiDAR- WindSentinel

The world’s first wind resource assessment buoy capable of accurately gathering wind data at turbine hub-height and across the blade span.

WindSentinel manufactured by AXYS Technologies Inc.

No.1 in Asia and the 3rd WindSentinel in the World.

Located the best offshore wind farm sites

AXYS WindSentinel System

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• Catch the Wind, Vindicator® III LiDARmanufactured by Optical Air Data Systems (OADS)

• Simultaneous pulsing 10,000 times averaged to one second data• Built-in motion compensation• Measurement extent:

50~200m in height.• Adopting well-proven NOMAD (Navy Ocean Meteorological Automatic Device) 6m hull.

#1: Data logger system / #2: Battery Bank and Power system / #3: Diesel tank (900 L) / #4: Diesel engine

Independent Power supply: solar panel (420W), wind Turbine (1000W) and diesel engine (3200W)

NOMAD Buoy

Data transmission

NCKU WindSentinel

TORI WINDCUBE v2

The Campaign were performed at Hsing-Da Harbor in the south of Taiwan from October 16th to 26th, 2013.

Validated facilities： AXYS WindSentinel v.s. WINDCUBE v2

The distance between two LiDARs was about 320m Six range gate heights were set at 50m, 70m, 90m,

110m, 150m and 200m from the ground.

Validation Campaign

Results of Wind Speed Validations

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RG# Total data R2

TOP 50 WH R2

50m 0.996 0.960

70m 0.995 0.965

90m 0.999 0.976

110m 0.996 0.980

150m 0.991 0.974

200m 0.986 0.954• A total of 1388 data were available• the average wave height was 0.02 meters• the top 50th highest waves were form 0.08 to 0.2

meters

Acceptance Criteria KPI

Best Practice

Minimum

X 0.98~1.02 0.97~1.03

R2 >0.98 >0.97

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SWancor Wind Farm

Longitude E 120º51’22.06"

Latitude N 24º42’03.82"

onshore 2013/12/1~2014/8/20

Long-Fung Harbor Measurements

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Long-Fung Harbor Measurements

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug

Mea

n w

ind

sp

eed

(m

/s)

200m150m110m90m70m55m8m-cup

2013/12/1-2014/8/20

0

90

180

270

360

Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug

Mea

n w

ind

Dir

ecti

on (

deg

ree)

200m150m110m90m70m55m8m-vane

2013/12/1-2014/8/20

Fig A Monthly average wind speed

Fig B Monthly average wind direction

Monthly average of cup anemometer/wind vane and LiDAR measurements: LiDAR 6 range gates are

55/71/90/110/150/200 m, cup anemometer/ wind vane measured at 8m

December to April are northeast monsoon, May to August receive southwest wind.

Monthly average maximum wind speed in December and lowest in April.

Monthly average wind speed in December at 8/90/200m are5.60 /7.65/9.65m/s。

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0

4

8

12

16

20

0 5 10 15 20 25

Fre

qu

ency

(%

)

Wind speed (m/s)

200m

150m

110m

90m

70m

55m

8m-cup

2013/12/1-2014/8/20

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0 5 10 15 20 25

Tu

rbu

len

ce in

ten

sity

Wind speed (m/s)

IEC ClassA

IEC ClassB

90m

70m

110m

2013/12/1-2014/8/20

WindPRO analysis: Weibull distribution (Probability density

function, PDF) Turbulence intensity analysis

Long-Fung Harbor Analysis

Fig C Weibull distribution

Fig D Turbulence intensity

MATOMO Typhoon on July 23,2014

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MATOMO Typhoon Vindicator Measurements

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TGC Fu-Hai offshore wind farm

Longitude E 120º0’43.54"

Latitude N 24º14’11.98"

Offshore 9 km

Water depth 26m

Fu-Hai Offshore Deployment

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FUNG-WONG TyphoonSeptember 21

FUNG-WONG Typhoon Offshore Observations

Average Pressure (mb)

9/22 02:009/20 02:00

9/20 02:00 9/22 02:00

9/20 02:00

9/20 02:00

9/22 02:00

9/22 02:00

Maximum and Significant Wave Height (m)

(Cup Anemometer)

10-mins average wind speed

Gust wind speed

Wind Direction

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WindSentinel Status in FUNG-WONG Typhoon

9/20 02:00

9/20 02:00

9/22 02:00

9/22 02:00

LiDAR Wind Speed (m/s): 55/90/150m

(LiDAR S.D. 55/90/150m)

FUNG-WONG Typhoon Offshore Observations

Fu-Hai offshore wind farmWind Direction Wind Rose Chart

10-mins average wind direction: Taiwan Strait

received stable monsoon from the end of Sep.

The most monsoon direction is NNE(30°)

Wind Rose show 30°wind have the maximum wind speed.

Fu-Hai Offshore Wind Farm Measurements

LiDAR and cup anemometer 10-mins average wind speed : 3 month average

wind speed at 90m is 8.7m/s

Monthly average wind speed at 90 m in Sep./ Oct/ Nov. are 5.2/ 11.0/13.3 m/s

The peak W/S of monsoon in winter are often higher than F-W typhoon.

Weibull Distribution

Height (m)

Mean Weibull mean u

Weibull A

Weibull k

55 8.41 8.46 1.4721

71 8.53 8.59 1.4857

90 8.75 8.86 1.5012

110 8.86 8.97 1.4871

150 8.77 8.90 1.4541

200 8.66 8.72 1.3948

(, , )

Probability density function:

WindPro Analysis

Power law (and Logarithmic law) fittingExponential

Offshore Wind Profile ?

200m

110m

Offshore Low Level Jet

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Offshore Wind Assessment

Offshore Grid Connection

Support Structure Engineering

Environment Impact Assessment

0.69 kV

23 kV

Taipower grid

23/161 kV60 MVA

Feeder 1

Feeder 2

Feeder 3

Feeder 4

Feeder 5

Feeder 6

Floating/ Fixed LiDAR and Met.

Mast

Offshore Wind

Database and Atlas

E/S 161 kV HV System Structure

Power Quality of Offshore Wind Farms

「 Flexible AC Transmission 」

Numerical Analysis of Multi-piles Platform

Model Tests and Numerical Model Calibration

Platform Parametric Analysis

Underwater noise analysis

The Impact of the Scour

Wind/Wave/CurrentTest Tank

Offshore Wind Farms Switching Transients Study

Onshore wind farm diagram

Wind Measurement

Wind Analysis and Assessment

RCETS Offshore Wind Studies

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DNV GL

RCETS Offshore Wind Assessment Structure

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Fu-Hai wind farm

Chu-Nan Chang-Hua 1 2 3 4

WindSentinel Validate against 3 met masts

WS bankable

data

2015 2016 2017

WindSentinel MCP against existed met station

Taiwan Strait OWP Atlas

WS MCP deploymentWS Validation deployment

Technical Support from AXYS

Tech. export from RCETS

RCETS Offshore Wind Assessment Roadmap

2014

NCKU WindSentinel Measurements have been performed campaigns :

Near-shore validation with WINDCUBE v2 land base LiDAR。

Long-Fung Harbor onshore meteorological measurements

Fu-Hai offshore wind farm meteorological and oceanographic measurements

Measure Fung-Wong Typhoon in the Taiwan Strait.

Future plans :

Floating LiDAR data validate with offshore meteorological masts in 2015 by

Carbon Trust Roadmap.

Establish Wind Atlas and wind, waves and currents database of the Taiwan Strait.

Conclusions

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edwinhsuan@gmail.com Research Center for Energy Technology and Strategy

National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan, Taiwan

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