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Traffic Lights Animated Template

TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT OUTSIDE IITBAniketAshwinDineshGauravManojMonimoyVikasTEAM 011CONTENTSNEED STATEMENTSTAKEHOLDERSCONOPS & REQUIREMENTSFUNCTIONSFUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTSCONCEPTS & SELECTIONQFDPRTOTYPELIMITATIONSREFERENCES

2NEED STATEMENT To design a system that helps to manage the Vehicle and Pedestrian traffic at the Main Gate and Y-Point Gate Signals more efficiently than the existing situation, supposing that it is affected only by the traffic in between the Gandhinagar (near Kanjurmarg) signal and Pizza Hut Signal (Hiranandani,Powai) and from within IIT-B along with the roads opposite IIT-B Main Gate.

3STAKEHOLDERS PASSIVE Shop Owners (Vendors)Investors (Private/Government)Suppliers of equipments (including Software)People involved in Installing the SystemsPublic SafetyDaily Weather

ACTIVE Vehicle Travellers PedestriansTraffic PolicePower suppliers to SignalsSignal Maintenance DepartmentTraffic operations AgencyRTO Department of Government

4CONOPS & REQUIREMENTSMany vehicles get blocked due to some vehicle which breaks down since they run out of fuel, or for any other reason.Maintain an uninterrupted flow in the traffic which is not disturbed because of some vehicle(s). Vehicles crossing the Signal when it is Red for them and Pedestrians are unable to cross the road.Pedestrians crossing between vehicles on the road during a Green Signal for vehiclesNeed to ensure that system makes vehicles and pedestrians follow the signals

Signals dont work because of lack of power supplyEnsure that signals function properly always and failures, if any are compensated at the earliestRoad mishaps or accidents that may occur, between vehicles or a vehicle and a pedestrianMinimize the number of accidents.5CONOPS & REQUIREMENTSPeople (pedestrians and vehicles) who are waiting for green signal do not know how long they have to wait.After shutting down the engines during a Red signal, some vehicles may not restart in time causing traffic delay.People need to be aware of their waiting time.

During heavy rainfall or a foggy weather, the signal lights are not visible from a distance.People should be able to see their signals irrespective of the weather.One side of the road has many vehicles while the other has fewer compared to the other demanding more attention for the crowded side.When there are many pedestrians and less traffic, pedestrians do not want to wait long.There should not be stagnation of traffic on one side of the road when the others are relatively less.

6FUNCTIONAL DECOMPOSITION7891011FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS/SPECIFICATIONSClearance of Victims from the Accident spot to Hospital within 30 minutes after the incidentSignal be visible upto 100 m irrespective of the weatherSustainability for a day in case of power loss24 X 7 surveillance of all incidents happening in the roads

12FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS/SPECIFICATIONSIntelligent way to manage the time-delayReports of accidents, failures, breakdowns should be correct without erroneous resultsDensity measurements need to be very accurate Minimum and Maximum time gap must be allotted for different scenarios13FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS/SPECIFICATIONSClear way to inform the waiting time in secondsAdjustable system in case of a high priority vehicleEfficient way of allotting paths at the signal to avoid intersection of vehicles/pedestriansCoordinate the signals of Main gate & Y-Point gate

14CONCEPT GENERATION AND SELECTION15Measure the density of vehiclesInductive Loop

Pneumatic Road tubes

16Measure the density of vehiclesC. Cell Phone Based(Triangulation)

D. Bluetooth BasedE. Video/Image Processing

17Measure the density of vehiclesF. GPS based

18Measure the density of vehicles(Selection)Selection Criteria ConceptsABDEFWeightRSRSRSRSRSEase of Installation10.210.210.240.810.220Accuracy30.330.330.320.230.310Cost20.820.810.441.610.440Repairable10.110.140.440.440.410Response Time30.330.320.220.220.210All weather functioning40.430.340.420.240.410Score2.12.01.93.41.9Rank23414Concept Selected: Video/Image Processing19Signal : Power cut Independent A. Manual controlB. Battery-Powered Backup

20Signal : Power cut Independent C. Solar-Powered Backup

D. Gas-Powered Backup

21Signal : Power cut Independent(Selection) Selection Criteria ConceptsABCDWeightRSRSRSRSEase of Installation40.420.220.230.310Cost20.710.3510.3520.735Effectiveness10.1540.630.4520.315Practicality10.240.840.820.420Replace ability30.320.220.220.210Repairable30.320.220.220.210Score1.652.152.02.1Rank413222Signal : Power cut Independent(Selected)

+

B and D are totally different methods and cant be combined However, combining B and C can assure for longer duration at lower cost23Signal : Color Blind Friendly Signals

Enforce rule to memorize the order of signalsUniversal sight light

24Signal : Color Blind Friendly SignalsC. Ochiai traffic light

D. Use both shape and sign

25Signal : Color Blind Friendly Signals (Selection)Selection Criteria ConceptsABCDWeightRSRSRSRSSimplicity20.641.230.941.230Reliability32.132.142.842.870Score2.73..33.74.0Rank4321Concept Selected: Use both shape and Sign26Signal : Waiting time displayA. Hour glass type signal

B. Eko Traffic LightsC. Both in one

27Signal : Waiting time displayD. Digital countdown

E. Mobius strip lamp

28Signal : Waiting time display (Solution)Selection Criteria ConceptsABCDWeightRSRSRSRSCost20.630.930.930.930Simplicity30.630.630.640.820Effectiveness30.620.420.430.620Replace ability30.4530.4520.330.4515Multi-purpose30.4530.4530.4520.315Score2.72.82.653.05Rank3241Concept Selected: Digital countdown29Algorithm for working of SignalsMain gate signalsYP gate signals

Algorithm for SignalsSignals work in iterationsEvery iteration at both Main gate and YP gate is divided into 2 time periods 1.Main road vehicles are active 2.Main road vehicles are passive

Main Gate Algorithm

Main Road Vehicles are ACTIVEMain road vehicles are PASSIVEMain gate vehicles CROSSING the main road

SIDE LANE vehicles CROSSING the main road

CENTRAL LANE vehicles CROSSING the main road

Pedestrians and Central lane vehicles get a signal simultaneously. There is a zebra crossing to ensure the safety of pedestrians.Central lane is wide enough only for one heavy vehicle or two lighter ones to wait at a time .Only the vehicles from the main road which intend to take a right turn and cross the main road are allowed to use the lane.

CENTRAL LANE vehicles CROSSING the main roadYP GATE ALGORITHM

Main road vehicles are ACTIVEMain road vehicles are PASSIVE

Central lane vehicles CROSSING the main road



Vehicles from YP gate CROSSING the main road

ALLOTMENT OF SIGNAL TIME FOR DIFFERENT SLOTS IN AN ITERATIONALLOTMENT OF SIGNAL TIME FOR DIFFERENT SLOTS IN AN ITERATIONAllotment of signal time for different slots in every iteration and total time for an iteration is not same all the time but is varied on the basis of density of the vehicles in different slots

By different slots we mean the different scenarios classified in an iteration earlier

Density of vehicles in different slots is calculated for every 10 min and the signal as well as iteration times are varied accordingly

The implementation of changes derived from density check will be done from the very next iteration

DENSITY OF VEHICLES: It is the number of vehicles per unit distance of the road

UPPER THRESHOLD SCENARIO: It is the scenario when the density of vehicles of a slot goes above a particular value thereby creating congestion AT MAIN GATE: Main road : 1.5 vehicles/meter Side lanes : 10 vehicles waiting Central lanes : 20vehicles waiting(considering both) Main gate road : 20 vehicles waiting

AT YP GATE:

Main road : 1.5 vehicles/meter Central road : 10 vehicles waiting YP gate road : 15 vehicles waiting

SOME INFO SOME INFO

LOWER THRESHOLD SCENARIO : It is the scenario when the density of vehicles of a slot goes below a particular value thereby creating congestion AT MAIN GATE:

Main road : 0.5vehicles/meter Side lanes : 2vehicles waiting Central lanes : 6vehicles waiting(considering both) Main gate road : 5vehicles waiting

AT YP GATE:

Main road :1.5 vehicles/meter Central road :4vehicles waiting YP gate road :5 vehicles waiting ALLOTMENT LOGICAT MAIN GATE:

The amount of time for different slots in an iteration for a normal scenario is

Green signal for the main road vehicles=90 sec

Red signal for main road vehicles = 60 sec

Green signal for the main gate vehicles = 20sec

Green signal for side lane road vehicles=15sec

Green signal for central lane vehicles =25 sec and pedestrians to crossALLOTMENT LOGICAT MAIN GATE: The time increment given to signals of different slots in case of upper threshold scenario

Increment final totalGreen signal for the main road vehicles = 25sec 115secGreen signal for the main gate vehicles = 10sec 30secGreen signal for side lane road vehicles = 10sec 25secGreen signal for central lane vehicles = 10 sec 35sec and pedestrians to cross

ALLOTMENT LOGICAT MAIN GATE: The time decrement given to signals of different slots in case of lower threshold scenario

Decrement final totalGreen signal for the main road vehicles = 20 sec 70secGreen signal for the main gate vehicles = 5sec 15secGreen signal for side lane road vehicles = 5sec 10secGreen signal for central lane vehicles = 5sec 20sec and pedestrians to cross

ALLOTMENT LOGIC

AT MAIN GATE: HOW ARE WE MANAGING THE INCREMENT AND DECREMENT IN TIME??

In case of high threshold scenario, mentioned amount of time is deducted from remaining slots and is used to support the case.

This deduction is made only from the slots in which the density is below the lower threshold.

If the increment time is not being supported by the decrement time the difference is reflected in the increased iteration time

The extra time deducted reflects in reduced iteration time there by decreasing the waiting time of vehicles and pedestrians

ALLOTMENT LOGICAT YP GATE:

The amount of time for different slots in an iteration for a normal scenario is

Green signal for the main road vehicles=90 sec

Red signal for main road vehicles = 40 sec

Green signal for the YP gate vehicles = 15sec

Green signal for central lane vehicles = 25 sec and pedestrians to crossALLOTMENT LOGICAT YP GATE:

The amount of time increment for different slots in an iteration for an upper threshold scenario is Increment Final time Green signal for the main road vehicles= 25sec 115 secGreen signal for the YP gate vehicles = 10sec 25secGreen signal for central lane vehicles = 10 sec 35sec and pedestrians to crossALLOTMENT LOGICAT YP GATE:

The amount of time decrement for different slots in an iteration for an lower threshold scenario is Decrement Final time Green signal for the main road vehicles= 20sec 115 secGreen signal for the YP gate vehicles = 5sec 10secGreen signal for central lane vehicles = 5 sec 20sec and pedestrians to crossALLOTMENT LOGIC

AT YP GATE: HOW ARE WE MANAGING THE INCREMENT AND DECREMENT IN TIME??





ALLOTMENT LOGIC

AT YP GATE: HOW ARE WE MANAGING THE INCREMENT AND DECREMENT IN TIME??





QFDVisibility for all weatherWaiting time awarenessAvoid overcrowdingSurveillance on rule breakersMaintain uninterrupted traffic flowSignal failures are minimizedMinimize accidentsPrevent animals on roadAvoid intersection at signalsSafety of pedestrians

Whats?(Customer Requirements)QFDSustainability during Power cutSupporting SystemTime to identify failuresVisibility range of lightsColor Blind EfficiencyCorrect waiting time informationDensity Measurement processLogic IntelligenceAccuracy in data recordingIntersections at signal crossingCoordination with the next signalCapability to adjust for emergency vehiclesEase of replacements for construction

Hows?(Technical/Functional Requirements)QFDIntelligent Logic for density dependent traffic time was obtained as the Most Important Technical/Functional RequirementWe are yet to decide on the design targetsLIMITATIONS IN DESIGNWe have not included animals blocking the roadsWe have assumed that the pedestrian signals will also depend only on the vehicle densityWe havent still decided on how we will manage the accidents or failures of signalsHigh priority vehicle considerations are yet to be consideredWe have assumed that parking slots in between the road dont affect the trafficWe have got an intersection only for a single caseSurveillance was discussed, but the later action of implementation is yet to be consideredWe have considered only one way using signals for pedestrians to cross the roads apart from the foot-bridgeSome people might have to wait a bit longer than the existing situation. This is to enhance safety.

PROTOTYPELIMITATIONS IN PROTOTYPEThere are no pedestrians shown though we have considered it in our design and shown their signalsRoads are not drawn to scaleAll the vehicles in a side are assumed to move with the same velocity and accelerationWe havent consider non-motorized vehicles like bicycles.

References:We have used Wikipedia extensivelyWe have taken help of the Associate Dean (IPS), IIT BombayProf. Vedagiri, Associate Professor, Civil Dept, IITBJRC Traffic Data and notesWe have used VisSim 5.10 for the simulationSiemens, Control Systems for Interurban Traffic (ITS)Pravin Varaiya, et al. Active Traffic Management

Algorithm for working of SignalsMain gate signalsYP gate signals

Algorithm for SignalsSignals work in iterationsEvery iteration at both Main gate and YP gate is divided into 2 time periods 1.Main road vehicles are active 2.Main road vehicles are passive

Main Gate Algorithm

Main Road Vehicles are ACTIVEMain road vehicles are PASSIVEMain gate vehicles CROSSING the main road

SIDE LANE vehicles CROSSING the main road

CENTRAL LANE vehicles CROSSING the main road


CENTRAL LANE vehicles CROSSING the main roadYP GATE ALGORITHM

Main road vehicles are ACTIVEMain road vehicles are PASSIVE




Vehicles from YP gate CROSSING the main road

ALLOTMENT OF SIGNAL TIME FOR DIFFERENT SLOTS IN AN ITERATIONFor proper management of traffic like avoiding stagnation of vehicles between main gate and YP gate there is a necessity of synchrony between main gate and YP gate signals.

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