1020 9 JUNE 2017 • VOL 356 ISSUE 6342 sciencemag.org SCIENCE

REPAIR AND REGENERATION

By Beverly A. Purnell and Pamela J. Hines

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Published by AAAS

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9 JUNE 2017 • VOL 356 ISSUE 6342 1021SCIENCE sciencemag.org

Life brings minor ravages in the form of wrinkles and creaky knees,

as well as the major sequelae of disease or injury such as blind-

ness, wounds that will not heal, and hearts losing function. The

body does its best to deal with each challenge. But unlike the facile

reconstruction of missing axolotl and planarian parts, our innate

regenerative powers have limits. We are left with scars, diminished

mobility, and weakened function. This special issue highlights

areas of active research to understand mechanisms of repair and

regeneration, with an eye toward therapeutic applications.

Active stem cell populations make relatively swift work of refreshing

the gut. However, other tissues and organs, such as the mammalian

heart and central nervous system, are not so readily rebuilt. Methods

to reprogram stem cells are now plentiful, but we also need methods

to stimulate cellular regenerative capacity and enhance cell survival.

Modulation of the immune system can both help and hinder repair and

regeneration. When regeneration is limited, tissue transplantation and

bioengineered prosthetics of er alternative routes. Even single-celled

organisms such as Stentor, which can stop cytoplasmic oozing and then

reconstruct complex subcellular structures, carry lessons on repair.

Emerging concepts and methodological advances take us ever closer to

the goal of rebuilding or even enhancing the body.

Time series (upper left to lower right) of the

repair of a laser-induced wound in the

Drosophila wing epithelium (green webbing),

showing the recruitment of macrophages

(green with red nuclei) to the injured site.

REVIEWS

Self-repairing cells: How single cellsheal membrane ruptures and restorelost structures p. 1022

Inf ammation and metabolism intissue repair and regeneration p. 1026

Regenerating optic pathwaysfrom the eye to the brain p. 1031

Cardiac regeneration strategies:Staying young at heart p. 1035

RELATED ITEMS

c PERSPECTIVE P. 1014

c REPORTS PP. 1072 & 1076

c VIDEO

INSIDE

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Repair and RegenerationBeverly A. Purnell and Pamela J. Hines

DOI: 10.1126/science.356.6342.1020 (6342), 1020-1021.356Science 

ARTICLE TOOLS http://science.sciencemag.org/content/356/6342/1020

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