Dot Game Instructions

1. Pick a small piece of paper from the bag. Some of the pieces of paper have a red dot on them. (DO NOT REVEAL WHAT IS ON YOUR PIECE OF PAPER)

2. Object of the game is to create the largest group possible without any red dots.

1. Question each other as they form groups (e.g. “Are you for or against red dots”). REMEMBER: NO STUDENT IS TO REVEAL WHETHER OR NOT THEY HAVE A RED DOT ON THEIR PAPER.

3. The largest group without a member with a red dot wins. Any person who holds a red dot and has infiltrated a group wins.

THE SECOND RED SCARE

The Cold War at Home and Abroad

The Communist Party and The Loyalty Program

Communist Party in US declining after WWIIRepublicans used red-baiting as a campaign

technique in 1944 and 1946 Tried to frighten voters about “commydemocrats” by

linking FDR, CIO labor unions and Communism Helped the Republicans win seats

Truman set up Loyalty Program (1947) Federal employees being a part of organizations or

even sympathizing was grounds for dismissal.

The Communist Party and The Loyalty Program cont.

Employees were fearful Loyalty boards asked about religion, racial equality,

and a taste for foreign films 1210 fired 6000 resigned

Naming Names to Congress

House Un-American Activities Committee (1945) Job was to investigated “un-American” propaganda Targeted Hollywood to make sure no un-American

messages were being pushed through the entertainment business

Many execs and actors confirmed their anti-communist feelings (Gary Cooper and Ronald Reagan for example)

8 screen writers and 2 directors refused to speak: The Hollywood Ten When brought to Congress First Amendment Right did not

work and all were found guilty and served jail time. Many people Blacklisted and banned from entering

America

Naming names to Congress cont.

McCarran Committee Targeted diplomats, labor union leaders, professors,

and school teachers. Not to force personal confessions , but to identify

friends and associates

Fifth Amendment Communists

Subversion Trials

Former Communist Whittaker Chambers named Alger Hiss a Communist in 1948. Hiss sued for Slander

Chambers gave Congressman Nixon microfilms that he had hidden in a pumpkin

FAITH NOT FACTS Justice Department indicted Hiss for perjury Second jury convicted in January 1950

Klaus Fuchs confessed to passing atomic secrets to Soviets Implicated Julius and Ethel Rosenburg

Charged withConspiring to commitEspionageSent to electric chairfor not naming other spiesPlausible but not airtight. Ethel probably

innocent and was charged as a way of pressuring her husband.

Senator McCarthy on Stage

Speeches full of multiple lies. Plentitude of accusations with lack luster

facts and proofPeople listened to him; fellow senators

viewed him as an outsiderAccused George Marshall, and Eisenhower

did nothing“Have you no decency?”- Joseph WelchDied from alcoholism in 1957

Understanding McCarthyism

Tools of political repression remained. Into late 60s.

Cities and states required loyalty oaths of employees

Four Main Factors Legit but exaggerated concern about atomic spies Undercurrent of anti-Semitism South and Western resentment of nations Ivy League elite Soviet and Chinese Communist successes blamed on

American traitor rather than Communist strengths.

Republicans used McCarthy until they got the presidency in 1952 and then abandoned him

Do now:

What message is the politic cartoon trying to convey?

Where do you think you would see propaganda like this?

T- ChartCommunismCivil Liberties not

protectedNo individuality (classless

society)People should work

together for good of societyFear of Domino TheoryGov’t controls industry and

societySome fear gov’t power and

control Accept all gov’t decisions

McCarthyism• Fear of accusations suppresses

free speech• Fear of accusations suppresses

individuality• McCarthy wants people to turn in

suspected communists• More and more people are

accused (not proven of) being communist

• Fear of McCarthy(senator=gov’t) means he control much of society• Keep to self- easier and less

dangerous