DOS Commands Notes

8/13/2019 DOS Commands Notes

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Task 5. Microsoft Disk Operating System (MS-DOS) Commands

Introduction:

Directory: A catalog for filenames and other directories stored on a disk.

i!e: A named collection of data stored on disk, appearing to the user as a single unit. It is agroup of related records in a database. In relational database, it is called as Table.

"OT#: DOS is not case sensiti$e (i.e. DOS commands can %e entered in uppercase or

!o&ercase)

Types of DOS Commands

MS DOS commands mainl categori!ed into " tpes#. Internal $ommands". %&ternal $ommands

'. Interna! Commands

These commands are generall loaded 'hen an operating sstem itself is loaded into thememor. So these commands are stored in computer main memor.%&( DI), $O*+, D%, )%-, MD, $D, )D, )%- etc.

Internal commands are also kno'n as Intrinsic Commands.

. #terna! Commands

These $ommands are stored in Disk files. Stored in secondar memor like disk. %&( S+S, T)%%, /$O*+, 0O)MAT, DIS1$O*+, $21DS1, A3% etc.

%&ternal commands are also kno'n as Extrinsic Commands.

*o& to start DOS

Start 45 *rograms 45 Accessories 45 $ommand *rompt 6or7 Start 45 )un8 45 enter cmd or command in the te&t bo&

i!e "aming Con$entions

A filename has " parts(6a7 *rimar -ame6b7 Secondar -ame 6%&tension7

A dot 6.7 separates a primar name from e&tension. %&( anitha.doc It is optional to gi9e an e&tension to a filename. #. *rimar name cannot ha9e more than : characters and e&tension can ha9e a ma&imum

of ; characters

". A filename can contain the follo'ing characters( An Alphabet 6A4


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A number 6=4>7 Special $haracters such as ?, @, , B, C, , 6, 7, E, F, G, , H etc e&cept , J,fullstop 6.7 and space 6 7

Interna!+Intrinsic Commands

Directory Manipu!ation Commands of DOS

'. DI, command :

urpose: it displas a list of files or directories present on a disk.Synta: D(K5 DI) L%nter5It displas#. *rimar -ame". %&tension;. Si!e of each file in btes. Date 'hen the file 'as either created or modified last

N. Time 'hen the file 'as either created or modified last

%&(D(K5 DirOutput:

#: D(K5DI)* 45 it sho's the contents of the disk page4'ise #: D(K5DI)P 45 it sho's the contents of the disk 'idth4'ise. It displas onl

filenames not date, time, si!e of file etc. directories are sho'n in sQuare brackets 6R 7.

%&( DI)A Displa files 'ith specified attributes. %&( DI)D same as 'ide but files are list sorted b column. %&( DI)U Displa o'ner of the file

. MD command :

urpose: is used to create 6make7 a directorSynta: D(K5MD Ldirector4name5#:D:/md S"IST

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Output:

#: D(K5MD mech3"mech#45 it creates a sub4director mech# under mech3" director

0. ,D command :

urpose: to remo9e 6delete7 a directorSynta: D(K5)D Ldirector4name5

#: D(K5)D S-ISTOutput:

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"OT#: A director or sub4director has to be empt before remo9ing it.

1. CD command :

urpose:To change directorSynta: D(K5$D Ldirector4name5

#: $(K5$D S-IST 45 it change to S-IST directorOutput:

$(K5$D S-ISTK$S%K$S%%;

Output:

"OT#:

D(K5$DK 45 it goes to root director 6from an le9el7D(K5$D.. 45 it goes onl one le9el upD(K5$D 45 it displas current director nameD(K5$D Ldirector4name5 45 to change director

i!e Manipu!ation Commands of DOS

'. CO2 command:

urpose: To cop a file

Synta: $O*+ Lsource dri9e5 Ldestination file5#: C:/S"ISTCS#CS##0/CO2 S"IST.T3T CS#.T3T

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Output:

Synta: $O*+ Lsource dri9e5(Lfile spec#5 Ltarget dri9e5(Lfile spec"5%&( $(KS"ISTCS#CS##0/CO2 CS#.T3T D:CS#'.T3T

. D#4 command:

urpose: To delete a fileSynta: $(K5D% Lfilename5#: $(KS"ISTCS#CS##0/D#4 CS#.T3TOutput:

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0. ,#" command :

urpose: To rename a file

Synta: $(K5)%- Lold4filename5 Lne'4filename5#: $(KS"ISTCS#CS##0/,#" S"IST.T3T CS##0.T3TOutput:

Common!y used DOS commands:

'. DT# command :

urpose: It displas sstem dateSynta: $(K5DAT%#: $(KS"ISTCS#CS##0/DT#

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Output:

If user enters ne' date, it changes sstem date

. TIM# command :

urpose: It displas sstem timeSynta: $(K5TIM%%&($(KS"ISTCS#CS##0/TIM#

Output:

If user enters ne' time, it changes sstem time

0. C4S command :

urpose: Toclear the screenSynta:C:C4S

%&( $(KS"ISTCS#CS##0/C4S

Output:

1. CO2 CO" command:

urpose: To create a file at command promptSynta: $(K5$O*+ $O- Lfilename5#: $(KS"ISTCS#CS##0/CO2 CO" S"IST.T3TOutput:

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-ote( *ress $T)X< to sa9e and e&it command

(ii). #DIT command 45 to create a file in DOS editorSynta: $(K5%DIT Lfilename5

#: $(KS"ISTCS#CS##0/ CS##0.T3T

5. T2# command 45 to 9ie' the contents of a file

Synta: $(K5T+*% Lfilename5 #: $(KS"ISTCS#CS##0/ T2# CS##0.T3T it displas the contents of

$S%%;.T/T file on the screenOutput:

6. #C*O Command:

urpose: to displa a message on the screen 'hile e&ecuting a set of commands.Synta: $(K5 %cho Lmessage5#( $(K5%cho 'elcome to snistOutput: &e!come to snist

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#terna!+#trinsic Commands (Disk Manipu!ation

Commands)'. O,MT command :

urpose: It is used for formatting a hard disk or flopp disk

Synta: $(K50O)MAT A(#: $(K50O)MAT A(S 45 'ith this command, all the OS files 6$OMMA-D.$OM and "hidden files7 are copied from the hard disk to the flopp disk."OT#: This command needs the program file 0O)MAT.$OM0ormat 45 The organi!ation of disk into tracks and sectors is called 0ormatting.

. C*7DS7 command :

urpose: to check the status of the disk.Synta: $(K5$21DS1 A("OT#: If no dri9e letter is specified 'ith $21DS1 command, then the currentl acti9e dri9e ischecked.

;. 48#4 command(urpose: A 9olume label to the disk is gi9en at the time of formatting the disk.Synta: $(K5 A3% A("OT#: This command needs the program file A3%.$OM

. DIS7CO2 command(urpose:it copies all the contents of one disk onto the other.Synta: $(K5 DIS1$O*+ A( A("OT#:

'. if there is a single dri9e on the computer, then the same can act as source as 'ell as destination

.". This command needs the program file DIS1$O*+.$OM;. DIS1$O*+ command 'orks 'ith flopp disk and not 'ith hard disk and both floppies shouldof same capacit.

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Task 6. 4I"93 Commands

'. !s Command:

#: ? ls 45 it displas list of files directories

Output:

Desktop d'helper Music *ublic TemplatesDocuments e&amples.desktop *ictures snist.c Yideos

? ls 4l 45 it displas list of files directories 'ith permissions 6r, ', & permissions7

. mkdir command:44 to create a ne' director

Synta( @mkdir Ldirector4name5

#:@mkdir mechb"

Output:

Desktop d'helper mechb" *ictures snist.c YideosDocuments e&amples.desktop Music *ublic Templates

0. rmdir command:44 to remo9e a directorSnta&( @rmdir Ldirector4name5

%&( @rmdir mechb"

Output:

Desktop d'helper Music *ublic TemplatesDocuments e&amples.desktop *ictures snist.c Yideos

1. cd command( 44 to change director

Snta&( @cd Ldirector4name5%&( @cd Mech3"

cdK 45 to go to root director

Snta&( @cdK

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5. rm command45 to remo9e a file

Snta&( @rm Lfile4name5

#( @rm snic.c

Output:Desktop d'helper Music *ublic TemplatesDocuments e&amples.desktop *ictures snist.c Yideos

V. cp command45 to cop a file

Synta:@cp Lfile4name#5 Lfile4name"5 45 it copies contents of file# to file"

#:@cp snist.c snis.c 45 it copies contents of snist.c file to snis.c file

Output:Desktop d'helper Music *ublic snist.c YideoDocuments e&amples.desktop *ictures snis.c Templates

. m$ command -/to rename a file

Synta( @m9 Lfile4name#5 Lfile4name"5

#: D(K5mech3"Kmech#Kmech"5m9 snis.c snist.c

Output: Desktop d'helper Music *ublic Templates

Documents e&amples.desktop *ictures snist.c Yideos

;. cat command -/to create a file, displa a file, Zoin " files, Zoin " files and create a ne'

file and keep 'hole content in ne' file

(i). Synta( @cat5Lfile4name5 45 to create a file

#:@cat5 Mech3"

%nter the te&t and press L$trlX


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6iii). Synta:@cat Lfile4name#5 Lfile4name"5 45 it concatenates 6Zoins7 " files file#, file"

#:@cat Mech3" Mech3#

(i$). Synta( @cat Lfile4name#5 Lfile4name"55Lfile4name;5 45 it concatenates 6Zoins7 " files

file#, file" and creates a ne' file 6file;7 and put the 'hole content in ne' file

#( @cat Mech3" Mech3#5Mech


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4inu 9ti!ities:

'. %anner command45 it makes postersSnta&( @banner Lte&t5%&( @banner 1IT

. ca! command45 it displas calendarSnta&( @calOutput:

\anuar "=##

Su Mo Tu Pe Th 0r Sa

#

" ; N V W :> #= ## #" #; # #N#V #W #: #> "= "# """; " "N "V "W ": ">;= ;#%&( @cal 45 it displas current month calendar%&( @cal "== 45 it displas all #" months of "==

0. date command45 it displas date timeSnta&( @dateTo displa current date

%&( snistBsnist4desktop(E? date

Output:

Ped \an #> #"(V(" S$T "=##

1. &>o command45 it prints the login name of the person on the sstemSnta&( @'ho

%&( snistBsnist4desktop(E? 'ho

Output:ra9i ttW "=##4=#4#> #"(;" 6(=7ra9i pts= "=##4=#4#> #"(;V 6(=.=7

5. tty command -/it displas the name of the terminalSnta&( @tt

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%&(snistBsnist4desktop(E? tt

Output:

de9pts=

6. uname command -/it displas name of the current inu& sstemSnta&( @uname%&(snistBsnist4desktop(E? uname

Output:

inu&

. #c>o command:Snta&( @echo Lte&t5%&( @echo S-ISTOutput:

S-IST

;. p&d command -/it prints 'orking directorSnta&( @p'd%&( snistBsnist4desktop(E? p'd

Output:

homera9i


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