Dorota Piontek, AMU [email protected] Communication
Slide 2 schedule communication in general interview how to prepare
workshop Slide 3 communication as a process communication is a
process in which people share information, ideas, and feelings
basic elements of communication: senders and receivers messages
channels feedback setting Slide 4 senders and receivers senders -
receivers send and receive messages simultaneously Slide 5 message
is made up of the ideas and the feelings to be shared are
represented by symbols symbols that stand for sth else symbols:
verbal and nonverbal verbal symbols: concrete and abstract Slide 6
channels route traveled by a message between the senders-receivers
senses and technical means Slide 7 feedback response of the
receivers-senders to each other immediate and delayed Slide 8 noise
interference that keeps a message from being understood or
accurately interpreted three kinds of noise: physical semantic
psychological Slide 9 setting where the communication occures (the
surrounding) is made up of several components Slide 10 principles
of transactional communication participation is continuous and
simultaneous all communications have a past, present, and future
all communicators play roles Slide 11 types of communication
intrapersonal interpersonal small-group communication institutional
communication mass communication Slide 12 intrapersonal
communication occures within a person is centered in the self one
is the only sender-receiver message thoughts and feelings channel:
ones brain social experience Slide 13 interpersonal communication
-one to one or a few - each functions as a sender-receiver - verbal
and nonverbal symbols - channels: all senses - immediate feedback
Slide 14 small-group communication each has a chance to interact
with all more complicated, more chance for confusion usually to
solve a problem messages more structured channels: all senses
immediate feedback Slide 15 institutional/organizational
communication e.g. political system or business firm complicated
and indirect delayed feedback messages structured formal and
informal channels need for technical devices Slide 16 mass
communication delivering information, ideas, and attitudes to a
sizable, diversified audience through use of media designed for
that purpose professional communicator mass audience highly
structured message delayed feedback Slide 17 Slide 18 barriers to
effective communication selective attention, distortion, and recall
channel noises psychological noise language noise fields of
experience value judgements mis-matching selectivity Slide 19
barriers to effective communication status differences time
constraints overload Slide 20 verbal communication symbol stands
for the object or concept that it names denotative meaning
dictionary definition connotative meaning feelings or associations
one has about a word meanings are determined by people, not by
words Slide 21 language environment people their purpose the rules
the actual talk Slide 22 language ritual appropriate specialization
Slide 23 role and verbal image style result of the way we select
and arrange words and sentences verbal style connected with the
role instrumental vs expressive language Slide 24 improving verbal
communication what do you want to say how do you want to say it to
whom are you talking metatalk Slide 25 the meaning exists on three
levels: what the speaker is saying what the speaker intends to say
what the listener thinks speaker is saying Slide 26 metatalk how
are you / how do you do Slide 27 true meaning hello; does not have
a meaning tell me, how have you really been Slide 28 metatalk call
me Slide 29 true meaning dont bother me now; I would accept if you
asked me out; I cant discuss this here; dont go so fast Slide 30
metatalk Ill call you Slide 31 true meaning lets start something;
dont call me Slide 32 lets have lunch Slide 33 social
acquaintances: if you have nothing to do and I have nothing to do
lets get together; business: if you have sth useful to say to me
Ill listen Slide 34 lets have dinner Slide 35 social: lets advance
this friendship; business: lets turn this into a friendship Slide
36 metatalk we must get together Slide 37 I like you but Im too
busy now to take on more friendship Slide 38 I cant make the time
to see you Slide 39 we really must see more often Slide 40 we must
do this more often Slide 41 true meaning I cant make the time to
see you Slide 42 we must do this more often Slide 43 this was
surprisingly enjoyable, but it still going to happen infrequently
Slide 44 I only say what I really mean Slide 45 Im about to insult
you Slide 46 nonverbal communication any information communicate
without using words little or no control involves several related
messages need to know a person Slide 47 verbal and nonverbal
differences Slide 48 functions of nonverbal communication to
complement a verbal message to regulate verbal communication to
substitute for verbal message to accent what sbs saying Slide 49
principles of nonverbal communication is culturally determined may
conflict with verbal messages is largely unconscious is important
in communicating feelings and attitudes Slide 50 types of nonverbal
communication paralanguage body movement body type attractiveness
body adornment space and distance touch time Slide 51 paralanguage
the use of voice rate (speed) varying is important pitch (highness
or lowness) middle in pitch is the best volume change good for
attention vocal fillers Slide 52 body movements emblems
illustrators regulators display of feelings adaptors Slide 53 body
body type attractiveness body adornment Slide 54 space and distance
- proxemics intimate distance personal distance social distance
public distance Slide 55 touch and time cultural differences Slide
56 inter-cultural communication - barriers ethnocentrism prejudice
stereotypes uncertainty wrong interpretation of non-verbal
communication language Slide 57 types of cultures - Geert Hofstede
four dimensions of culture: 1. distance towards authorities: small
vs huge 2. collectivism vs individualism: collective vs
individualistic 3. musculine vs feminine: male vs female 4.
avoiding uncertainty: open vs close Slide 58 Slide 59 power vs
distance the degree to which the less powerful members of a society
accept and expect that power is distributed unequally fundamental
issue here: how a society handles inequalities among people people
in societies exhibiting a large degree of power distance accept a
hierarchical order in which everybody has a place and which needs
no further justification in societies with low power distance,
people strive to equalise the distribution of power and demand
justification for inequalities of power Slide 60 individualism vs
collectivism individualism - a preference for a loosely-knit social
framework in which individuals are expected to take care of
themselves and their immediate families only collectivism - a
preference for a tightly-knit framework in society in which
individuals can expect their relatives or members of a particular
in-group to look after them in exchange for unquestioning loyalty a
society's position on this dimension is reflected in whether
peoples self-image is defined in terms of I or we. Slide 61
masculinity vs femininity masculinity - a preference in society for
achievement, heroism, assertiveness and material reward for
success; society at large is more competitive femininity - a
preference for cooperation, modesty, caring for the weak and
quality of life; society at large is more consensus-oriented Slide
62 uncertainty vs avoidance expresses the degree to which the
members of a society feel uncomfortable with uncertainty and
ambiguity fundamental issue: how a society deals with the fact that
the future can never be known: should we try to control the future
or just let it happen? countries exhibiting strong UAI maintain
rigid codes of belief and behaviour and are intolerant of
unorthodox behaviour and ideas weak UAI societies maintain a more
relaxed attitude in which practice counts more than principles
Slide 63 long/short time orientation can be interpreted as dealing
with societys search for virtue societies with a short-term
orientation: a strong concern with establishing the absolute Truth;
are normative in their thinking, exhibit great respect for
traditions, a relatively small propensity to save for the future,
and a focus on achieving quick results societies with a long-term
orientation: belief that truth depends very much on situation,
context and time; show an ability to adapt traditions to changed
conditions, a strong propensity to save and invest, thriftiness,
and perseverance in achieving results Slide 64 indulgence vs
restraint indulgence - a society that allows relatively free
gratification of basic and natural human drives related to enjoying
life and having fun restraint - a society that suppresses
gratification of needs and regulates it by means of strict social
norms Slide 65 lower vs higher context cultures (E. Hall) a
culture's tendency to use high context messages over low context
messages in routine communication a high context culture: many
things are left unsaid, letting the culture explain; words and word
choice become very important in higher context communication, since
a few words can communicate a complex message very effectively to
an in-group (but less effectively outside that group) a lower
context culture: the communicator needs to be much more explicit
and the value of a single word is less important Slide 66 lower vs
higher context cultures lower context culture: Australian, English
Canadian, English, Finnish, German, Irish, New Zealand,
Scandinavia, Switzerland, United States (excluding the Southern
United States) higher context culture: African, Arab, Brazilian,
Chinese, Filipinos, French, Canadian French, Greek, Hawaiian,
Hungarian, Indian, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Latin
Americans, Portuguese, Russian, Polish, Southern United States,
Spanish, Thai, Turkish, Vitnamese, South Slavic Slide 67
cross-cultural communication Slide 68 task prepare to interview: -
applicants cv and motivation letter - recuirement staff selection
of 5 applicants to the further interview Slide 69 motivation letter
introduce yourself be clear about position youre applying for give
good reasons for your application give good arguments that you are
the best choice hand-written signiture not longer than of a page
Slide 70 interview homework information about the organization
important attributes first impression body language Slide 71
homework job description and general information position salary
department in large or medium organization location description of
the main resposibilities of the position Slide 72 homework
objectives key tasks personal specification social issues Slide 73
information about the organization whatever you can have a larger
picture of the history, aims, and corporate values Slide 74
important attributes communication skills personal presentation
self-motivation Slide 75 first impression up to 1 min personal
presentation confidence and assertivness preparation communication
skills enthusiasm for the position punctuality eye contact
impressive application/C.V. Slide 76 body language greet the
interviewer sit comfortably keep an eye contact pause to think
smile
