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Dong Zhong-shu Lived from about BCE Instrumental in making Confucianism the Han dynasty’s orthodox belief Tried to justify current socio-political order Human beings are the image of Heaven Justification of human’s behavior found in tian
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Dong Zhong-shu董仲舒温海明
Prof. WEN Haiming
Associate Professor, School of Philosophy
Renmin University of China 中国人民大学哲学院副教授Ph.D. University of Hawaii夏威夷大学哲学博士
23/5/3Prof. Haiming Wen, School of Philosophy, Renmin
University of China1
Dong Zhong-shu Lived from about 179-104 BCE Instrumental in making Confucianism
the Han dynasty’s orthodox belief Tried to justify current socio-political
order Human beings are the image of Heaven Justification of human’s behavior found
in tian
Dong Zhong-shu’s Cosmology
The universe has ten constituent elements: heaven, earth, yin, yang, wood, fire, soil, metal, water, man
Order of the five processes (wuxing) Human is immersed in the ever-
present yin and yang, like a fish in water
Yin and yang wax and wane and affect seasons, preside over them
Human Nature Humans are replicas of tian and can
achieve perfection like heavens through li and yue, essentially culture and civilization
Xing (human nature) and qing (emotions) give birth to human-heartedness
Goodness does not lie within, only cultivated through culture
Dong Zhong-shu: we are “not yet good”
Social Ethics Everything has a correlate Including human relationships Three gang relationships sovereign-subject, husband-wife, father-
son Five chang, or constant virtues: ren, yi,
li, zhi, xin Chang are individual virtues, gang are
societal virtues
Political Philosophy Humans must cultivate culture and
civilization by knowing the moral laws Government must help do this The Four Ways of Government beneficence, rewards, punishments,
execution King is co-equal with Heaven Bad ruling brings about natural
disasters
Historical Philosophy The Three Reigns: Black, White, and
Red Three pervious dynasties Unchanging nature of regimes The Mandate of Heaven
823/5/3Prof. Haiming Wen, School of Philosophy, Renmin
University of China