Done by: Terence Chan (25) Huang Shi Jie (29) Huang Shi Jie (29) Edmond Ang (23) Edmond Ang (23) Yao Jing Fu (39) Yao Jing Fu (39)

Done by: Done by: TTerence Chan (25)erence Chan (25) HHuang Shi Jie (29)uang Shi Jie (29) EEdmond Ang (23) dmond Ang (23) YYao Jing Fu (39) ao Jing Fu (39)

What is alternative energy?What is alternative energy?

Sources of usable energy that is able to replace Sources of usable energy that is able to replace fuel sourcesfuel sources

Also known as renewable energyAlso known as renewable energy Able to reduce amount of toxins by products Able to reduce amount of toxins by products

that use energythat use energy Can help preserve many natural resourcesCan help preserve many natural resources

Examples Of Alternative EnergyExamples Of Alternative Energy

WindWind HydroelectricityHydroelectricity Solar powerSolar power BiomassBiomass GeothermalGeothermal

Wind Wind

Propel blades of wind turbines Propel blades of wind turbines Rotation of turbine blades is converted Rotation of turbine blades is converted electrical electrical

current by means of an electrical generatorcurrent by means of an electrical generator 58,982 megawatts of energy was generated by wind-58,982 megawatts of energy was generated by wind-

powered generators world widepowered generators world wide

Advantages of using wind Advantages of using wind

No pollution is produced by wind power as there are no No pollution is produced by wind power as there are no chemical processes taking placechemical processes taking place

There is an unlimited supply of wind so we will never run There is an unlimited supply of wind so we will never run out of it out of it

Farming and grazing can still be performed on the areas Farming and grazing can still be performed on the areas occupied by wind turbinesoccupied by wind turbines

Wind turbines can be built off-shoreWind turbines can be built off-shore

Cons of using windCons of using wind

Wind is not consistent and if wind speed decreases or Wind is not consistent and if wind speed decreases or stops, the turbine lingers and less or no electricity is stops, the turbine lingers and less or no electricity is generated generated

Large wind farms can have a negative effect on the Large wind farms can have a negative effect on the sceneryscenery

Windmills contributes to noise pollutionWindmills contributes to noise pollution

HydroelectricityHydroelectricity

Most hydroelectricity power is generated by potential energy Most hydroelectricity power is generated by potential energy from trapped water in a dam driving a water turbine from trapped water in a dam driving a water turbine

Pumped storage hydroelectricity generates electricity by Pumped storage hydroelectricity generates electricity by moving water from different elevations of reservoirs moving water from different elevations of reservoirs

A tidal power plant uses daily tides to create energyA tidal power plant uses daily tides to create energy

AdvantagesAdvantages

Lower cost compared to fuelLower cost compared to fuel No harmful pollutants is produced directlyNo harmful pollutants is produced directly Reservoir created by the hydroelectricity dams Reservoir created by the hydroelectricity dams

can be used for water sports can be used for water sports

DisadvantagesDisadvantages

Hydroelectric projects can affect to surrounding aquatic Hydroelectric projects can affect to surrounding aquatic ecosystems.ecosystems.

The reservoirs of power plants in tropical regions may The reservoirs of power plants in tropical regions may produce methane and carbon dioxideproduce methane and carbon dioxide

The need to relocate the people living where the reservoirs The need to relocate the people living where the reservoirs

are planned to be builtare planned to be built

Solar PowerSolar Power

Radiant light and heat given out by the SunRadiant light and heat given out by the Sun Provides electricity through Provides electricity through heat engines or photovoltaic heat engines or photovoltaic

(application of solar cell converting sunlight directly into (application of solar cell converting sunlight directly into electricity)electricity)

AdvantangesAdvantanges

Renewable sourceRenewable source Does not cause water and air pollution as no Does not cause water and air pollution as no chemical reaction chemical reaction

from the combustion of fuelsfrom the combustion of fuels

Efficient for practical uses such as heating and lightingEfficient for practical uses such as heating and lighting


Energy will not be produce if the sun is not shining especially Energy will not be produce if the sun is not shining especially at night time and cloudy daysat night time and cloudy days

Solar power stations are expensive to build and a lot of space Solar power stations are expensive to build and a lot of space is needed for the solar cells to collect as much sunlight as is needed for the solar cells to collect as much sunlight as possiblepossible

Geothermal EnergyGeothermal Energy

Geothermal energy uses the heat energy that under the Earth. Geothermal energy uses the heat energy that under the Earth. Steam is produced when the ground water is heated up by the Steam is produced when the ground water is heated up by the hot rocks beneath the Earth. When holes are drilled in these hot rocks beneath the Earth. When holes are drilled in these areas, the steam that shoots up can be used to drive turbines, areas, the steam that shoots up can be used to drive turbines, which powers up electric generators.which powers up electric generators.


A geothermal plant is generally self-sufficient energy wise A geothermal plant is generally self-sufficient energy wise Geothermal power plants are relatively small and have Geothermal power plants are relatively small and have

minimal effect on the natural landscape minimal effect on the natural landscape No harmful by products formedNo harmful by products formed

Disadvantages Disadvantages

If done incorrectly, geothermal energy can produce pollutants. If done incorrectly, geothermal energy can produce pollutants. Improper drilling into the earth can release hazardous minerals Improper drilling into the earth can release hazardous minerals

and gases. and gases. Geothermal sites are prone to running out of steam.Geothermal sites are prone to running out of steam.

Biomass EnergyBiomass Energy

Using dead biological material as fuelsUsing dead biological material as fuels biodegradable wastes can be burnt as fuelbiodegradable wastes can be burnt as fuel Plant or animal matter used for producing fibers, chemical or Plant or animal matter used for producing fibers, chemical or

fibresfibres


Promising as a source of heat and electricity for buildingsPromising as a source of heat and electricity for buildings Variety of plants and trees can be usedVariety of plants and trees can be used RenewableRenewable


Produce carbon dioxide through combustionProduce carbon dioxide through combustion Contribute to global warmingContribute to global warming Affect processing of raw materialAffect processing of raw material

Videos on alternative energyVideos on alternative energy

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KPEykZXW508

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ACZJz9fPuhQ&feature=related

Can alternative energy Can alternative energy completely replace fossil completely replace fossil

fuels?fuels?

Feasibility (Yes)Feasibility (Yes)

Change in technologyChange in technology Cost savvyCost savvy Higher accessibility to alternative energy.Higher accessibility to alternative energy.


Change in technologyChange in technology

The change in technology slowly decrease our dependence on The change in technology slowly decrease our dependence on oil as some countries such as Sweden are getting most of their oil as some countries such as Sweden are getting most of their energy needed from alternative energy sources.energy needed from alternative energy sources.

For example, Sweden only gets 32% of it energy from oil For example, Sweden only gets 32% of it energy from oil currently as compared to 77% during the 1970s while currently as compared to 77% during the 1970s while alternative energy provides 26% of its energy. alternative energy provides 26% of its energy.


Cost SavvyCost Savvy Countries would eventually save costs in the future as growing Countries would eventually save costs in the future as growing

oil scarcity leads to huge new price rises. oil scarcity leads to huge new price rises. Being free of oil would ensure that the country have a great Being free of oil would ensure that the country have a great

advantage from fluctuations in oil prices which would allow advantage from fluctuations in oil prices which would allow the country to ensure higher development.the country to ensure higher development.

For example, the price of oil tripled since 1996.For example, the price of oil tripled since 1996.


Higher accessibility to alternative energy.Higher accessibility to alternative energy. Alternative energies are more easily available as compared to Alternative energies are more easily available as compared to

fossil fuelsfossil fuels.. For example, hydrogen that is used to power up environmental For example, hydrogen that is used to power up environmental

vehicles is easily available. Solar energy is also easily vehicles is easily available. Solar energy is also easily available during the day where no processes is required to available during the day where no processes is required to acquire it.acquire it.

Feasibility (No)Feasibility (No)

Geographical limitationsGeographical limitations Expensive costExpensive cost Lack of capitalLack of capital Conditions required for access to some Conditions required for access to some

alternative energyalternative energy


Geographical limitations Geographical limitations - Some countries geography does not allow them to do so as - Some countries geography does not allow them to do so as

land limitation may not allow them to build some of the land limitation may not allow them to build some of the alternative energy’s plants.alternative energy’s plants.

-For example, Singapore’s geography does not allow her to tap -For example, Singapore’s geography does not allow her to tap on geothermal energy and also hydro sources also with the on geothermal energy and also hydro sources also with the problem of a limited land area. problem of a limited land area.


Expensive costs Expensive costs Fossil fuels are more economical than many alternative energy Fossil fuels are more economical than many alternative energy

sources, and there are adequate reserves to meet global energy sources, and there are adequate reserves to meet global energy demand for at least the next 40 years (longer for coal). demand for at least the next 40 years (longer for coal).

Although renewable energy sources are becoming more Although renewable energy sources are becoming more economically competitive, their share of total demand is economically competitive, their share of total demand is projected to increase by only one percentage point to 9 per projected to increase by only one percentage point to 9 per cent in 2030. cent in 2030.

This mean that the prices would not decrease till then.This mean that the prices would not decrease till then.


Lack of capitalLack of capital Less developed countries cannot afford alternative energy as Less developed countries cannot afford alternative energy as

they are too expensive and they do not have enough capital they are too expensive and they do not have enough capital which is needed for the access to the technology required to which is needed for the access to the technology required to process the alternative energy for usage.process the alternative energy for usage.

This would mean that even if they do have the plan to break This would mean that even if they do have the plan to break off from oil, it would be impossible if they do not have the off from oil, it would be impossible if they do not have the capital. capital.


Conditions required for access to some Conditions required for access to some alternative energy.alternative energy.

- Some countries may not be able to use alternative energy such Some countries may not be able to use alternative energy such as wind energy, tidal energy and geothermal energy as they as wind energy, tidal energy and geothermal energy as they might not be high enough for significant electricity generation.might not be high enough for significant electricity generation.

- This result in Singapore having a disadvantage as these This result in Singapore having a disadvantage as these resources might be much more suitable for Singapore based on resources might be much more suitable for Singapore based on the geography.the geography.

The EndThe End

Hope that you are able to comprehend what Hope that you are able to comprehend what we presented.we presented.

PLEASE do your MCQ questions =PPLEASE do your MCQ questions =P

Documents

Done by: Terence Chan (25) Huang Shi Jie (29) Huang Shi Jie (29) Edmond Ang (23) Edmond Ang (23) Yao Jing Fu (39) Yao Jing Fu (39)