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DON F. ERWINBUFFALO STATE COLLEGEBUFFALO, NEW YORK, USA
PART 1 – PROJECT MANAGEMENT BASICS
Software Project Management
Introduction
• Who is Don?• Who are you?
Who are we?
• Don?• You?
Why are we here?
• Why do (would) you want to be a project manager?
The Big Question:
“Good judgement comes from experience, and often experience comes from bad judgement.” -Rita Mae Brown, author
Survey
What are the top 5 issues you need to solve on your software project?
1. The difficulties in estimations (budget, schedule, etc.)2. Wrong assumptions3. Customer changing mind4. How to manage client expectations5. Not enough qualified resources
Overview
Project Management BasicsProject Management on Software ProjectsManaging Stakeholders’ ExpectationsRisk ManagementProject CommunicationLeadership in Software Project ManagementIT GovernanceOther???
We Plan to Cover:
Reality Check
The Bad News•No six steps to Software Project Management bliss•There are no shortcuts•One size does not fit all•“It depends…”
So Why Talk About it?•Share experiences / lessons learned•Validate the things you are doing well•See if you are doing things that just make matters worse
Project Management Basics
What is a Project?Project Management ProcessesThe Triple ConstraintWhat is Project Management?The Project ManagerThe Importance of Project ManagementProject Management FrameworkIntegrated Approach
Project Management Basics:
What is a Project
What is a Project?• Temporary endeavor• Unique result• Compare with a program• Has a sponsor• Is chartered/authorized
(Some process for selection/approval)• Ask: Is it really a project?
What is not a Project?
Has a desired result
Has a beginning and an end
Involves many people/organizations
Is new or unique
Has time, cost, performance constraints
Exploratory **
Indefinite beginning and end
Involves one person/team
Many of the same thing
No time, cost, performance constraints
YES No
(Brown)
Is it a Project?
Programs•Aircraft Production Line•“Keep the Trains Running” (KTR) activities• Regulatory updates• New version of
reports
Projects•Upgrade Aircraft Engine•Replace custom software app with off-the-shelf app
Project Sponsorship
• All projects should be initiated to meet a strategic goal(more about that later…)• Project needs to have an advocate (executive
sponsor)• Project Manger has to be given the authority to
spend organization’s money• PM and various supervisors need to be defined• Relationships need to be clarified• The general scope and constraints need to be
defined
Process Groups
All projects typically go through these five processes
Plan Monitor &
Control
Implement
Close
Initiate
Project ManagementInstitute (PMI)
(Brown)(PMBOK)
Process Purpose
A process is a series of actions directed towards a particular result.
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Result
activityinputs outputs
(Brown)
PM Processes Groups
Initiating Planning Executing
Monitoring
Controlling
Closing
(PMBOK)
PM Processes Groups
Initiating Planning Executing
Monitoring
Controlling
Closing
• Develop Charter• Develop Preliminary Scope
(PMBOK)
PM Processes Groups
Initiating Planning Executing
Monitoring
Controlling
Closing
• Develop PM Plan• Scope Planning, WBS Definition• Resource Loaded Schedule• Cost Estimating and Budgeting• Quality Planning• Human Resource Planning• Communications Planning• Risk Planning• Purchasing & Contracts Planning
“Failure to prepare is preparing to fail.”Benjamin Franklin, one of the founding fathers of the USA
(PMBOK)
PM Processes Groups
Initiating Planning Executing
Monitoring
Controlling
Closing
• Project Execution• Quality Assurance• Acquire and Develop Team• Distribute Information (Communication)• Vendor Selection
(PMBOK)
PM Processes Groups
Initiating Planning Executing
Monitoring
Controlling
Closing
• Change Control• Scope Control• Schedule Control• Cost Control• Quality Control• Manage Team• Performance Reporting / Manage Stakeholders• Risk Management• Contract Management
(PMBOK)
PM Processes Groups
Initiating Planning Executing
Monitoring
Controlling
Closing
• Close Project• Contract Closure
(PMBOK)
The Triple Constraint
Cost
Scope
Time
The Challenge: Maintain Equilibrium
RiskQuality
There are more than three…
Others?
The Triple Constraint
Cheaper
Better
Faster
Pick any two…
Another way to look at it…
The Triple Constraint
Touching one constraint always affects the others
Project Management Goals
To define:•What will we do?•How will we do it?•How will we know we are done?
Outcomes must be:•Measureable - in some quantitative manner that is not arguable •Time Bound - discrete time limits for measurement •Achievable - agreement between the person(s) responsible for meeting the objective and their supervisor(s)/project manager
The Project Manager
• Someone has to pull all this together• (usually) Not responsible for producing the product• Not a side job…• Responsible for the process to produce the product• Must understand:• PM concepts• The business• The technology• The stakeholders• The culture• …
• Must be:• A leader• A motivator• A diplomat• A negotiator• Willing to say things
people don’t want to hear
The Project Manager is the Glue
Client/SponsorClient/
Sponsor
Team ATeam ATeam ATeam A
Team ATeam ATeam sTeam s
StakeholdersStakeholders
VendorsVendors
Project ManagerProject
Manager
Organization Structure
FunctionalMatrix
WeakBalancedStrong
Projectized
Each type affects:•PM Authority•Resource Availability•Budget Control•PM Role (FT/PT)•PM Administrative Staff (FT/PT)
(PMBOK)
The Project Organization Chart
The Enterprise’s Organization Chart
Who works for whom?
Importance of Project Management
• Compressed product life cycle• Competitive edge in global market• Knowledge explosion• Corporate downsizing• Increased customer focus
(Brown)
Advantages of Project Management
• Better control of financial, physical, and human resources• Improved customer relations• Shorter development times• Lower costs• Higher quality and increased reliability• Higher profit margins• Improved productivity• Better internal coordination
(Brown)
Project Management Framework
The PMBOK’s 9 Knowledge Areas
IntegrationManagement
IntegrationManagement
Time Management
Time Management
Cost Management
Cost Management
Scope Management
Scope Management
Quality Management
Quality Management
HR Management
HR Management
Communication
Management
Communication
Management
Procurement Management
Procurement Management
Risk Management
Risk Management
(Brown)(PMBOK)
Project Management Framework
Core function areas constrain how project objectives are met•Scope•Time•Cost•Quality
Facilitating function areas are the means for achieving project objectives •Human Resources•Communication•Risk•Procurement Management
Knowledge function (project integration management) controls changes to process and product (Brown)
Time Management
IntegrationManagement
IntegrationManagement
Time Management
Time Management
Cost Management
Cost Management
Scope Management
Scope Management
Quality Management
Quality Management
HR Management
HR Management
Risk Management
Risk Management
Communication
Management
Communication
Management
Procurement Management
Procurement Management
(Brown)(PMBOK)
Cost Management
IntegrationManagement
IntegrationManagement
Time Management
Time Management
Cost Management
Cost Management
Scope Management
Scope Management
Quality Management
Quality Management
HR Management
HR Management
Risk Management
Risk Management
Communication
Management
Communication
Management
Procurement Management
Procurement Management
(Brown)(PMBOK)
Scope Management
IntegrationManagement
IntegrationManagement
Time Management
Time Management
Cost Management
Cost Management
Scope Management
Scope Management
Quality Management
Quality Management
HR Management
HR Management
Risk Management
Risk Management
Communication
Management
Communication
Management
Procurement Management
Procurement Management
(Brown)(PMBOK)
Quality Management
IntegrationManagement
IntegrationManagement
Time Management
Time Management
Cost Management
Cost Management
Scope Management
Scope Management
Quality Management
Quality Management
HR Management
HR Management
Risk Management
Risk Management
Communication
Management
Communication
Management
Procurement Management
Procurement Management
(Brown)(PMBOK)
Core Functions
Cost
Scope
Time
Remember this?
The first four knowledge areas are Core Functions.
Quality
(Brown)
Facilitating Functions
IntegrationManagement
IntegrationManagement
Time Management
Time Management
Cost Management
Cost Management
Scope Management
Scope Management
Quality Management
Quality Management
HR Management
HR Management
Risk Management
Risk Management
Communication
Management
Communication
Management
Procurement Management
Procurement Management
(Brown)(PMBOK)
Human Resource Management
IntegrationManagement
IntegrationManagement
Time Management
Time Management
Cost Management
Cost Management
Scope Management
Scope Management
Quality Management
Quality Management
HR Management
HR Management
Risk Management
Risk Management
Communication
Management
Communication
Management
Procurement Management
Procurement Management
(Brown)(PMBOK)
Risk Management
IntegrationManagement
IntegrationManagement
Time Management
Time Management
Cost Management
Cost Management
Scope Management
Scope Management
Quality Management
Quality Management
HR Management
HR Management
Risk Management
Risk Management
Communication
Management
Communication
Management
Procurement Management
Procurement Management
(Brown)(PMBOK)
Communication Management
IntegrationManagement
IntegrationManagement
Time Management
Time Management
Cost Management
Cost Management
Scope Management
Scope Management
Quality Management
Quality Management
HR Management
HR Management
Risk Management
Risk Management
Communication
Management
Communication
Management
Procurement Management
Procurement Management
(Brown)(PMBOK)
Procurement Management
IntegrationManagement
IntegrationManagement
Time Management
Time Management
Cost Management
Cost Management
Scope Management
Scope Management
Quality Management
Quality Management
HR Management
HR Management
Risk Management
Risk Management
Communication
Management
Communication
Management
Procurement Management
Procurement Management
(Brown)(PMBOK)
Integration Management
IntegrationManagement
IntegrationManagement
Time Management
Time Management
Cost Management
Cost Management
Scope Management
Scope Management
Quality Management
Quality Management
HR Management
HR Management
Risk Management
Risk Management
Communication
Management
Communication
Management
Procurement Management
Procurement Management
(Brown)(PMBOK)
Project Management Skills
Technical Skills•Budgeting•Planning•Scheduling•Documenting•Contracts
People Skills•Leading•Motivating•Listening•Empathizing
Which is more important?
BothYou need an equal measure of
each… (Brown)
List of Works Cited
1. Project Management Institute (PMI), Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK). 3rd ed. 2004.
2. Brown, Craig. "The Project Management Process - Week 1." SlideShare.com. 17 Aug 2008. BetterProjects.net. 7 Aug 2008 <http://www.slideshare.net/craigwbrown/the-project-management-process-week-1?src=embed>.