Domates Yetiştiriciliği ()

8/3/2019 Domates Yetitiricilii (www.etarim.net)

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A b k d q m y \ m q l ! q l s l i l e l o lL d 5 0 e ` q d + y m s d a d + y d g d | la m


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RRRR ;#/#/;;####w++++####/;w; AB KDQMY \MQL QLSLILELLeLL' ' R R R w R I l G A M @ lE M S L4' DIL@QD ABKDQMY \MQLwQLSlIlElOl''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ?3' CMYEMGKM XM lGYDG YDOELOL CD@LKLGADG BGMKL'''''''' desgd`qdass' Abkdqmy `dads imylsh cbe bedg ib` d~ }sBg xdsass'Abkdqmylg bea}ìd omgl cls `}eeds}sg deds} c}e}gsgd`qdass' Vlykmsgly bedsd` ydedqd xm q}sy}ad `}eeds}js' B~meelèm |d~ d|edggad jmvlkl~lg ybhsdysgad ydedqd lilgam xm|d qm` cdykd |ms djs' Clsib` ibscdad% imylqel |mkmèmsam xm vledxedsad veyeseekey bedsd` |ms djs% Cd~l |mkm` xm q~tdsdedgg |ds}gad qd~m xm aeelsgemgsgly bedsd` `}eeds}els' @bgymsxm% q}sy}% ydedqdxm `mqidv ymèlgam amamtmsemgalslels' Clsib` jd~s s yby xm ibscds}g lkdedqkad ad abkdqmy `}e edsgess '

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5/80

oLHQ $04 MO LQ LK YMS eye 3:

ABg|dad`l qbvedk abkdqmy Bsmqlklgam QBs`l|m/glg vd|l 3663 \LLL xmslemslgm obsm - :'1/aBs' 4


6/80

ABKDQMY \MQLQLSLILELOL

cls lely`lgeg bea}t}d`leadg il`dgekdsgdjass ' le`cdjds xm|d ybgcdjdsad dglylid`es` a}ykmemslglg |dydgast> acgmkemsam ib` yd|s+ad ilim` xm qbk}si}` ab`}ekmyl ambedclels' C}g}ged clsel`qm ilim` ab`}k}t}gemslg `syd besgdylgadg ad lemsl omemclels'

CMYEMGKM XM lGYDG YDOELOL CD@LKLGADGBGMKlAbkdqmy mg }i}~ xm cbe c}e}gdg cls xlqdklg `d|gdtlass' Jms q]se} |m

kmolg jd~ssedgkdykd olsms' Y}|}% ydeidyl xm q}sy}y} lem jde`k cmyemgkmylgam abkdqmylg bgmsgel cls xmsl xdsass' Xlqdklg xm klgmsde kdaamemslgim ~mgolgals'

Abkdqmyqm b`~del` dylq kl`qdgobo} `m~ |}`ym`qls' Cbcsm` qdy>bedgedgg |mkmkmyl bgmslels'

Ybg cls`di \LL lilgam abkdqmyqm c}e}gdg el`bvmg kdaamylglg lgydg x}i}a}gad be}ydclemg ~dsdsjq}kbsemseg obodekdedgge |dxdyedqq s+oe clelkyme bedsd` `ds}qedgksy xm c}kdaam|l ljqlxd mamg cd~l vsmvdsdq


7/80

|eHQI L MO LQLK YMS LY L 3:

edgg vl|dydad |ms dekd|dcdedaeoe ad tbs}qkm`qmals'\dvledg dsdyqqskdeds o}gam4= klelosdk el`bvmg q]`mqlklglg vsbyqdq `dgymsl |d|ljss}s}|dg |dg|d a}}sa}o}g} èlgl` idjysgdeds `ds}qedss}yqss'*@d|gd`> Qdgkyde Dsyy}skm C}eqmglBmd` + Kdsq 3661 Ym|qyq,

Abkdqmy cls sj` xm yqmd` lèlk ymc~mylals' Ybo}èdsadg ib` `bs`ds'Cbe }s}g xmskmyl li0>lgglyvmqmg }~}g cls |mqlysgm amxsmyl lyqms' Abkdqmyclq`lyl ybt}` jdxdedsad c}|}sgmylgl gbskde xm|d l|l cls ym`leam y}sa}smkm~' 41 A I / glg deqsgad`l ysid`jèdsad km|xm cdtedsgd~' \mqlyqlssgm amxsmylgam ylidès` 3 A I / |m a}q]o} ~dkdg clq`l qdkdkmg ~dsds obs}s' Ab

kdqmyqm gbskde cls omeeykmglg km|adgd omemclekmyl eilg mg }|o}gylid`j` 4= 36 A I / als'Ysidèl` 41 A I / glg deqsgd a}q]o} ~dkdg 64t}gedykd omil`ls xmxmslk ib` d~djs' Alomsqdsdhqdg a844mgkm lemylid`j` dsdykad ad Ye`q cls lely l xdsass' 50li0>m`qb~edg 4=3= A I / emsam

XMQl!QlSKM lYQM@EMSll elk lyqmèmsl

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8/80

ABKDQMY \MQLHLSLILELOL

mg l|l a844mgkm|l |dvsgd`qdasseds' Ylid`j`4= #I/ glg deqsgd a}yq}oB xm 3= #I/ glg }~mslgm 50L`qeoe ~dkdg km|xm cdtedsgdad a}~mgyl~elèms besgd`qdass' JmLm ylidès` 46 #I/ glg dqqkd lgalol xm 9= #I/ glgB~mslgm 50L`qeoe ~dkdga844mgkmglg tmsim emymkmsgmyegamg abed|lkm|xm q}q}k} ad besgdsgd`qdass'

Abkdqmyqm xmslk B~mslgm jdxd xm qbvsd` ylid`jtkk mq`l |dvqeTL cls 'tmsim`qls' Jdxd xm qbvsd` ysid`jtkk }~}g y}sm xm lyql`sdsee cls ymèeam%}|o}g dsdelèdsad ym|smqkmyl `delqmel xm xmslkel cls }smqlsg |dvqesgdyss}ydteds'

C}gd `dsylj`% dyk |B`ym` ylid`jèds lem clsel`qm |B`ym` jdxd s}q}cmql cesib` jdyqdestsg bsqd|d is`sgdykd gmamg besgd`qdass' D|sg ~dkdgad Yeid` xm `}s} sB~odseds ad ilim` ab`}sg}gm% abed|syl|ed xmslk d~desgdykdymcmv be}seds'

Qbvsd` lyqm emslAbkdqmy qbvsd` |bg}gamg hd~ed sg}y`}evmymgq cls clq`l amoleals' @}k

e} qbvsdèdsadg jdhlh `leel qbvsdèdsd `dads jmkmg jmkmg jms qbvsd` qlvlgam |mqlyqeseemceees' Jdhlh does `dsd`qmsel qbvsdèdsad xmslk |B`ym`qls' eyqm c}gadg abed|s0 amslg% tmilstmg% y} q}qkd 8~meelol l|l% j}k}y xm cmylg kdaamemslgim ~mgolg Kle qbvsdèdg ymxms' Ms`mgilel` lyqmgalol ~dkdg `}sge}qk


9/80

I LHQI L MO LQLK yydqy> ' 3:

j qbvsdèds lamdeals' C}gd `dsysj` ydgd|l abkdqmy |mqlqlslilelol dsgdis|ed|dvledg |mqlyqlslilel`qm xmslkelel` xm abqd|sys|ed cbe kdjy}e meam malekmyldsgdiedgbstkadg qsgj% èeelqkeq xm sgeeeeqkj qbvsdèds bgmk `d~ds}s'

Qbvsd`qd omsmolgamg hd~ed s}q}cmqlg c}e}gsgdyq |dsdsadg ib` ~dsdskm|adgd omqlsls' eyqm c} gmamgem xm b~meelèm hd~ed |doe4l bedg |msemsam|mqlyqlskm |mslglg }|o}g ym`leam asmgm malekmyl omsm`ls'

Abkdqmy hd~ed bekdkdèd cmsdcms qbvsd` dylqeltlgm `dsyq bea}ìd ad|ds}èqass' vJ; ='6?'6 bedg qbvsdèdsad mg l|l ybg}i meam maleklyqls' Qbvsd` smd`yl|bg} vJ; ='6/ adg ddoe a}q]T} ~dkdg `qsmiemsgm ljkde malekmkmelals'

Qbvsd` qlvl cd`lss}gadg vm` ymieie 6 4 +kdastssg yb|emaetesge~abkdqmy clq`lyl d|g`%`d|gdy olcl k}idamemylo}o bedg |dcdgl bqedggc}e}ga}t} qdsededsad|mqeyqeslekmkmeeaes' D|s}~dkdgad adjd bgim q}q}g |mqlyqlslemg bsbcdgn lem c}edys` xm gmkdqba c}

D{qsL` xm `d|gd${ olcl k}idamemye~bs |dcdgl bqedsk |bo}g bea}o}

qdsededsad% adjd bgim q}q}g|mql${qlslekl${ bsbcdgn lem c}edyl`

qdsededsad xm gmkdqbae} qdsededsadabkdqmy |mql${qlslekmkmelals'

e}gdg qdsededsad abkdqmy |mqlyqlseekm~'Qbvsdtqg eyemgkmyeAbkdqmy amslg `8èB cls ymc~mals' Omelysgly cls abkdqmy clq`lylglg`bèmsl bea}ìd ydidèl xm adeelass' Dgid` abkdqmyqm `8` ylyqmklglg omel

kmylgm qbvsd` qlvl% qbvsdtk lyemgkmyl xm qbvsd`qd`l s}q}cmqlg cB|B` mq`lyl xdsass% Bsgmtlg% omxm` c}g|mel xm l|l lyemgsgey qbvsdèdsad abkdqmylg`bèmsl bea}ìd amslgm olams' Does `dsd`qmsel qbvsdèdsad lym |}~em` `dess'Qbvsd` |B~m|lgm |d`k `bèmsl bedg abkdqmy clq`lemsl adjd yl` xm adjdhd~ed y}edkd|d ljqe|di tbyqmsesems' C}gd `dsylj` l|l omelkl cls `b`m ydjlv bedg abkdqmy clq`lemslglg adjd xmslkel bedidèdg }g}q}esgdsgdjass% C}s

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10/80

ABKDQM Y \MQ L w Q L S L I L E L O L

yd xm ilxdggad bea}t} olcl% `dgèdsd y} xmslemsm` |dvledg al`lk lem |mqlyqlslemg abkdqmy clq`lemslglg `bèmsq bea}ìd |}~em` tmelysgm`qmals' C}g}gybg}i}gad% abkdqmy xmslkemsl am bea}ìd a}y}` besgd`qdals'

Qbvsd` xm sg}gdxmcm |bg}gamg }|o}g% asmgdn q l|l bedg cls qdsedad cdydgj cls abkdqmy qdgsk lolg le` ydsq qdsed xm|d cdjim jd~esleoeaes' Vsdql`qml|l cls qbvsd` lyemkmylgeg |dg |dg|d t}csmemsgm |mslgm omommmol clelgls'Qbvsd` eyemkmyq yb~ `bg}y} be}gmd ad mg idg djil gb`qd qbvsdtk qdxsgad |dgl }|o}g s}q}cmqqm bea}t} ~dkdg lyemgkmyeaes' T}g`} does qdxad l00emgmg qbvsd`qd xmslk a}yms% adjd ybgsd`l qbvsd` ly em sgm em sq ~b sedy s s xm abkdqmy clq`lylglg y} lyqmol am dsqds' Gm |d~l` `l% iehqieemsekl~ c} jdqd|l yeèlèd lyemkm`qmals' Tbo} `m~ am xmslkemslglg a}ysgmylgeg cls gmamgl am c}|dgjy qbvsd` lyemsgm besgd`qdals' Qbvsd` lyemkmylgl% è xm le`cdjds qbvsd`lyemsgmyl bedsd` l`l `sy lkad lgimem|msm` dis` ed|d e sk'

@L$N Qbvsd` eyemsgmyeAbkdqmy |mqlqlslilelol |dvsedid` bedg cdjim xm|d qdsedad le` qbvsd` l00

emkmyl |d~ ybg} xm|d ybgcdjdsad |dvsjs ' Moms qdsedss}~ad v}ee}` qdcds}amaltlke~ ymsq xm xmslkyl~ cls qdcd`d km|adgd omeklym y}cyblems xm|dil~me amglemg xm qbvsdts amxlskmamg% amslgemkmylgm |ssqdsd` lyem|mg demqemslg `}eeds}ekdyl omsm`ls' T}g`} }~}g |s e eds qbvsdtk d|sg amslgel`qm lyemgkmyl ybg}i} qbvsdtk 3=96 mk deqkad be}ydg c} ymsq qdcd`d% }~mslgamdylg y} xm q}~ clsl`kmyl ybg}i}% `bèmslg hl~|bebnl` be}sg}gm gmamg bea}o} olcl% `bèmslg adjd amslgemsm olqkmylgm am mgome besgd`qdiss' V}ee}` qdcdgl be}y}sg}gd `dsyl |dvledid` bedg% qbvsd` lyemsgmylgam qbvsdtk c}e}ga}o} |msam lyemgsgmyeaes' Jmem deq xm }yq qbvsdèds qds`j lym qbvsdtlg |mslgam lyemgsgmyl adjd ad bgmsg `d~ds}s'

V}ee}` `}eedsgedsd` |dvledid` bedg qbvsd` lyemsgmylgam mydy% qbvsdt>amslg y}skm` xm qm~mèl cssd`sgdsgd`qss' T}g`} qm~mèl cssd`sedg qbvsd`% èd|edggad`l ybt}` xm |doeedsed adjd ybgsd }hdedgdid`qls' B~meelèm qdcdgy}|} ymxl|myl |}`ym` bedg qbvsdèds clsd~ adjd amslg lemgkmelals' Qbvsd`

49


11/80

I LH Q I L M O LQ LK Y M S LY L + 3 : +

lyemkm amslgelte 3=96 mk bekdjals' @lysg Bmd` xm|d !}cdq d|edg lilgamqbvsdtsg }|o}g cls qdxad bea}t} ~dkdg qm`sds y}geekmylglg c}|}` |dsdgxdsass' Y}s}sgemsem qbvsdtlg `dcdssgdys% jdxdedgsgdyl xm bsodgl` kdaamemslg i}s}kmyl abed|syl|ed qbvsdtk xmslsgeleltl dsqkjs' C} y}s}sgems 369=mk amslgel`qm |dvljs'

C} y}s}sg |dvs e s s`mg qdsedad`l qmyxl|mglg cb~}ekdsgdykd b~mg obyqmslels' T}g`} qmyxl|mel cls qdsed cdydslj cls abkdqmy |mqle2qlslmlelol lIlg asmgdn`dads bgmkelals' Qmyxl|myl l|l |dvsesgd|dg qdsededsk i}`}s |msemslgam `dedgabkdqmy hlamemsl l|l tmelymkmkm`qmals' C}g}g ad gmamgl% i}`}s `syssgedsad `dedg clq`lemslg tmelysgmyegm dylg s}q}cmqlg be}ky}~ mq`l |dvkdylass'Qmyxl|myl }|o}g bekd|dg qdsededsad y}edkdad ad o}ie}`lmslm `dsys edy ljs 'D|s} ~dkdgad qdseds}g jms |mslgam`l Clq`lems mylq cls ymèeam y}edgsgdaqtlolcl |ms |ms obeemgkmems am km|adgd omels' @delqm xm xmslk |bg}gamg }|o}g cls abkdqmy |mqle2qlslmlelol |dvlekd` lyqmgl|bsyd qdsedgsg qmyxl|mylglg|dvs ekdy> k}qed`d ydsqqss'

le`cdjds Qbvsd` lyemkmyeee`cdjdsad |dvs edid` qbvsd` eyemkmemseglg dkdil qdseds}g s}q}cmqlgl

k}jdhd~d mqkm`% hlam al`lklgm xm|d qbj}k m`lklgm mexmslyel jdem omqlskm` xm o}csmemkm|l |dvsgd`qss% Moms qdsedss}~ad qdxk `d|cbekdyl yb~`bg}y} amtleym% le`cdjdsad ybg y}s}k amslgmm |dvsekdjals' T}g`} abkdqmylg `8èmsl amslg lyemgkly qbvsdèdsad adjd amslgemsm olams xm clq`lglg`bèmsl adjd l|l tmelyls%

Qbvsd`qd`l s}q}cmq a}s}k}gd obsm |dvs edid` y}s}sgamg ybgsd qbvsd`lgmmeqlels' C} d sg di ed qsssg s` ed s `} eed s} ess' Mg ib` `}eeds}edg alyèl cls q s s ss}`bedg aly`dsb/a}s' Aly`dsb lem |dvledg y}s}sgam qdsedad c}e}gdg `mymèms`kjs% qdsed qmyxl|m malels% |dcdgl bq |bo}ge}o} lem qbvsdtk y} `d|c> d~deqljs xm qbvsdtd t}csm `dgyqkess}y be}s' Omgmellèm l`l xm|d }m amhd aly`dsb im`lels' Aly`dsb im`lsgemsl clsclslgm al` bedsd` |dvs ekdjass ' Abkdqmy |mq lyq ls lil emsl % aly`dsb ybgsdyl `dg` ' d id s xm al`lkm tmims ems ' :6|emmm qdsedad


12/80

ABKDQMY \MQL$0nQLSLILELOL

`l qdxk `d|cbekdyss} bgemsems' Moms |doe744cls |leyd% `dg` disesgdykadgybgsd cls`di o}g cmèmgls' C} cmèmkm lyemgkly qbvsdtlg hd~ed s}q}cmqlgl`d|cmqkmyl dilykadg |dsdsjass'

Cd~l abkdqmy |mqlyqlseieemsq lym% aly`dsbadg ybgsd qdsed|l al`lkm adjddexmseyee cls jdem omqlskm` lilg d|gid qsssgs`% y}so} *qdvdg, xm|d ilq `}eeds}seds' Cb|emim qbvsd` l|lim lgimeqlels% a}~emgls xm qdxq `bs}gsg}y be}s' Vedgq}xds lem |dvs edg hlam al`lkemslgam `dgèdgg qdkdss} dis e sgd~' @dg` dissgs %lyilems hlamemsl al`qlìm |dvljs' Cb|emim `dgèdgg qdxl `dikesgdsky be}s'

O}csmemkm]~}g cls tmelysgm vmsl|ba} bedg abkdqmy |mqlyqlslileltlgam qbvsdtk clq

`l cmylg kdaamemsl |bg}gamg ~mgolg bekdyq omsm`ls' Abkdqmy |mqlyqlslilelolgam |d`sg tmiklym `dads o}csmemkm|m omsm`mg bgmsg xmslekmkm`qm|al' C}g}g ybg}i}gad ad xmslk bea}ìd a}y}`q}' Jdec}`l abkdqmy t}csm|l ymxmg xm lyqm|mg cls ymc~mals' O}csmemkm amglgim dèsss}~d djss t}csmyl xm qlidsmq o}csmemsl omekm`qmals'

Djes O}csmylDjls t}csmyl

qbv sdod xm }~mslgam|mqlyqlslemim` }s}gemsm omsmèl cmylgkdaamemslgl ydteds'

Abkdqmy |mql$2qlslilelolgam jei bekd~ydl`l}w\eead cls amhd am`dsd 9+= qbgdjss o}csmyl lem o}csmemkmemslgam

cesib` |dsdseds xdsays%Mg bgmkel |dsdgqbvsdt> j}k}y |bg}gamg ~mgtlgemyqlssgmylaes' T}g`} djss o]csmylgam c}e}gdg cmylg kdaamemsl% qlidsl t}csmemsm obsm ib` a}}` bsdgedsadass' C}g}g |ds}gad j}k}y}g ydoedaeoe |dsdseds ly$ bea}ìd Ld~edass'

J}k}y}g c} |dsdsedsege y}ymèeam ylsded|dceeesl~>d, J}sg}yid ~mgolg bedg qbvsdèdgg lyemgsgmyl adjd `bed|ass'c, Qbvsdtsg y} q}qkd xm jdxdedgasskd b~meelolgl dsqks'

4=


13/80

LHQL MOeseK YMSeye 3:+

i, Qbvsdtlg kl`sbbsodgl~kd hddel|mql dsqds' Cb|emim clq`lglg dedidt>cmylg kdaamyl de}kgd |dsassgil be}g}s'

o, J}k}yed hd~ed does xm `leel qbvsdèdsed% jdhlh xm `}ke} qbvsdèdggbe}ky}~ |bgems q olamslels xm ymc~m qdgss}gd adjd |dsdsj cls ymèm omekmylgl ydt eds %

a, Qbvsd`qd cmylg kdaamemslglg q}q}gkdylk ydteds%m, Qbvsd` q}~edgkdykd mgome be}s' Qbvsd`qd`l q}~ ymxl|mylgl a}y}

s}s'h, Qbvsdtd jms cmylg kdaamylgamg a}}` kl`qdsedsad ledxmemsam c}

e}g}s' Qbvsdtk clemylsglgl cb~kdastl olcl amgomel cls ym`leam ~mgtlgemyqlsls'

Abkdqmy |mqlyqlslileltl lilg% qlidsl t}csmemslg asylgad% am`dsd bgmslemgdjss t}csmy[ 9= qbg/a}s' C} kl`qds djls o}csmyl jlo bekd~yd l`l }o |seadcls amhd qdsed|d xmslekmelals' Bsgmolg C}syd xm ilxdggad |dvsedg abkdqmy|mqlyqlslieeetlgam djls o}csmylglg jlo xm|d |b` amgmim` `dads d~ `}e eds}eas+oege tbssgm`qm|l~' C}g}g ad adjd ybgsd`l |leedsad qbvsd`qd`l q}~e}e}`vsbcemkemslgl dsgsdidtl clelgkm`qmals' Cb|em bea}t} qd`qlsam xmslkam amc}|}` a}}ems km|adgd omemim`qls' C} gmamgem abkdqmy |mqlyqlsqilemseglgjlo bekd~yd l`l }o |sead cls amhd am`dsd 9= qbg djs s o}csmyl lem o}csmemkmemslgam |dsds xdsas s ' Dgid` `}eeds}edid` djss t}csmylglg qd~m bekdkdys% mg d~ cls \LL myèkly |dgl |dgkly besgdyq qd|adjas s ' \dg s gd sky |dgl qd~m djss o}csmyl `mylgel em `}eeds}esgdsgdjaqs' \dg s s}y djls t}csmylglg mscmqlglg b~meelèm |doeedsed d`sgdsky b e sgdy q xm mem dekaltkad }hdedgdclemim` jdem tmesgly bekdyl omsm`ls'

Qlidsmq OBcsmemslO}csmemkm am|lgim% clsib` abkdqmy |mq eyq l s qily lglg le` dèkd y}gl

t}csm% |dvd| t}csm% `lk|mxl t}csm olcl lylkemsem dgl Ldg qlidsmq t}csmemsllem qbvsdtsg t}csmemgsgmyl omekm qmals'

48


14/80

A BK DQM Y \ MQ L!Q LS LI LE LO L

Hlam abgmkegam abkdqmylg hbyhbsd bedg ejqe|diq bea}ìd hd~edass'c~meelèm |dvd| sysèdgasssgd |dvledg% yeidèeoe aOO` bedg *46 6I/glgdeqkad, hlamelèmsam hbyhbs gb`ydge stq `mgalylgl adjd hd~ed jlyymqqlsls' Hbyhbs de lss} lem ysidè s` dsdylgad ad yl`q cls lely`l xdsals' Hbyhbs gb`ydgjtq|dvsdèdgg `mgds xm deq `syskedgs}g kbs smg` d ekdy> lem `mgalgl tbyqmsls%C} cmelsql `bqlemabg |dvsdèdggadg lqlcdsmg obsOemclels' Hbyhbs gb`ydgjoe% hbyhbs d~joegadg amole bo} `m~ qbvsd` ylid`joeglg xm abed\eye\ed jdxd ylid`joeglg a]e4}` bekdykadg ad km|adgd omemclels' TBg`BaOO` ylidè s`qd hbyhbsdesss} a}skd`qdals' Y}a}s}kad è d|edggadhlamel`qm hbyhbse} oOcsmxmskm |mslgm qbvsdtk

@L $ e d|edskad hlamel`qm`l qbvsd`ylid`jokl 4= I/glg }~msegm q}qkdòmsm`ls'yqid`jtsk 4=bI/glg B~mslgm il`dssgd omsm`qlol }g}q}ekdkdjals'

Abkdqmy \mqle4qlslilelolgam Qlidsmq O}csmemsl Gmamg Omsmèlals 2Abkdqmy |mqlyqlslilemse y}g}

4?


15/80

I LHQI L MO LQLK YMS eye 3:

Qlidsmq o}csmemsl lem o}csmemkm|dvds`mg% jdgol o}csmglg

`}eeds}edidtks% o}csmemslg xmslekm~dkds}s} xm ymèlge clekm` omsm ls'

d, Ydoeeèe ibkdqmy clq lyl |mqlyqlskm %

c,Adjd d~ mkmèmadjd hd~ed abkdqmymeam mqkm`%

i, @delqmel }s}g meam mqkm`%i 0 > , Qbvsdtl cmylg kdaamemsl lem amgomam q}qkd`%a, Adjd hd~ed }s}g meam mamsm`% kdel|mql a}y}skm`qls'

Qlidsmq O}csmemslglg @}eedkekdykad O8~ Bg}gamQ}q}ekdyl Omsm`mg B~meelèmsQlidsmq oBcsmemsl lem oBcsmemkm |dvds`mg jdgol qlidsmq oBcsmylglg `}e

eds}edidtsk% oBcsmglg xmslekm ~dsgds}s} xm xmslekm ymèlgl clekm` ib`bgmsgelals' ]g}q}ekdkdjals `l% cleolyl~im xm amgomyl~ cls oBcsmemkm lem|dsdsadg ib` ~dsds meam malels' OBcsmemkmglg d^L |mqmsyl~ bea}o} olcl% ibo} jmk qbvsdtsg cmylg amgomylgl cb~ds jmk am cby} cby}gy vdsd ydshmqkmkl~m gmamg be}s' Mg abts}y} qbvsdtsss}~l qdjele mqqlsmsm` |mqlyqeslemim`bedg }s}g}sg}~m obsm oBcsmemkm |dvsgd`qss' eyqm c} gmamgemsamg abed|lqlidsmq oBcsmemslgl `}eeds}s`mg jdgol oBcsmglg% gm ~dkdg xm gdyle qdsed|ddqs edidtss} clekm` omsm`ls' Qlidsmq oBcsmemslglg qdsed|d }|o}edgkdykady} gb`qdedg ob~ bg}gam q}qkd` omsm`km`qmals'

Qbvsd` qlvl> Xmslemim` oBcsmamg cmèmgmg hd|ad|l mq`lem|mg mgbgmsgh qd`qbs qbvsd` qlvlals' Bsgmtlg% `leel xm `}ke} l`l qbvsdtd xmslemim`bedg d|s} kl`qdsad`l oBcsmemslg mq`lemsl hds`j bedid`qss' I0Bg`B`leel qbvsdèds cd~l oBcsmemsl cBg|memslgam q}qdseds' @}ke} qbvsdèdsad lym qlidsmq t}csmemslglg bgmsgel cls `syss} yl~dg y}edsed msl|lv `d|cbesgd`qdass'

Ilhqilemslkl~lg ib` l|l clekmyl omsm`mg cls `bg}|} ad dilèdsgd`qd |dsds xdsass' Qlidsmq oBcsmemslglg jmvyl y}ad msls cls a}s}kadass' Hd`dq jmv

4:


16/80

ABKDQMY \MQLwQLSLILELOL

ylglg y}a d mslkmyl xm clq`l qdsdqkadg djgdclels jdem omekmylgam qbvsd` qlvl mq lelals'

Qlidsmq oBcsmemslglg qdsed|d xmslekm ~dsgds} xm mèl am oBcsmemslg qbvsd`qdg qmyvlq malekmyl lem |d`sgadg leolelals' Mg omm0>hbyhbse} oBcsmems adjdybgsd vbqdyj oBcsmems qbvsd`qd qmyvlq malelsems' C}gadg amed|> hbyhbse} xm vbqdyj oBcsmems abkdqmy qbj}k} m`lkl xm|d hlam al`lklgamg jmkmg bgim qdsed|d xmslekmelals' Qbj}k m`lk xm|d hlam al`lk ~dsgds}gad ad qdsed|d xmslemclels' Cmelsemgmg ~dkdgad qdsed|d xmslemim` bedg hbyhbse} xm vbqdyj oBcsmemslg qbvsd`qd qmyvlq malekmylgl d~deqkd` lilg ymsvkm amole% ymslq ymèlgam xmslekmyl omsm`ls' D~bq limsmg oBcsmemslg qbvsd`qd qmyvlq malekmyl lym adjd d~xm d~bqe} oBcsmglg ilgylgm obsm qds`jals' C} gmamgem d~bqe} oBcsmems% hbyhbse} xm vbqdyj oBcsmems olcl cls amhdad xmslekm~' D~bqe} oBcsmems qdsed|d clq`lglg c}|}sgm xm tmelysgmylglg hdsèl amxsmemslgam 91 amhdad xmslekmelals'

eèek !dsqedg> eèlsg ydsqedg ad oBcsmemkm |bg}gamg tb~ bg}gam c}e}ga}s}ekdyq omsm`mg aloms cls qd`qbsa}s' Ylid`j` xm |doe clq`lemslg oBcsm ljql|diedg xm qB`mqlkemsl cd`lkkadg bgmsgeeals' Omsm0>m`qmg am ylid`j`xm |doe qd`qbsemslglg ymxl|memsl dyk aB~m|emsm }edyqlèdg a}s}kedsad% aloms hd`qbsems }|o}g cls a}s}kad clem beydeds% clq`lemsamg delgdid` BsBgsge`qdg aBB`ymxl|memsam `dekd`qdals' @}eedgdidtsss}~ oBcsm|l c}gd obsm ymilv qdsedss}~ad `}eedgkdss}~ omsm`ls'

\mqlyqlslemim` }s}g}g oBcsm lyqmol am qdsèsj` tbyqmsls' Clq lems b~meelèmslgm obsm cmylg kdaamemslgamg cd~ledgs} alomsemslgamg adjd hd~ed djseds'

O}csmglg Xmslekm wmèlQlidsmq oBcsmemsl qbv sdod amoll` m`leemsam xmslels' Xmslely ym`leemsqgm

obsm am clq`lglg oBcsmamg |dsdsedgsgdyl hdsèl besgd`qdass' OBcsm clq`lemsm1 ym`leam xmslemclels' C}geds>


17/80

I LHQI L MO LQLK YMS LYL 3:

4, Qlidsmq o}csmemslglg qdsed|d ymsvkm xm ymslq ymèegam xmslekmyl>d, Ymsvkm *ydisgd, o}csm dqsss}aqs' Xmslemmm` o}csm sgl`qdg ib`yd%

|mqlyqeslemim` clq`lglg `bèmse qbvsdtk jms qdsdgs} ydg|bsyd% ys` al`lemg xm`bèmsl amslgm olqkm|mg clq`lems |mqlyqlslemim`ym xm xmslkel cls qdsed|yd t}csmglg ymsvkm bedsd` xmslekmyl }|o}g be}s' C} kmqba}g mydys % o}csmemslgme xm|d kd`lgm lem qbvsd` }~msegm k}gqd~dk cls ym`leam ymsvlemsm` adtsqs e +kdysass ' Ymsvlemg t}csmems qbvsd` |}~m|lgam cesdèeaeoe olcl aly`dsb lem xm|d v}ee}èd y}s}emsm` qbvsdtd `dgyqkjs' B~meelèm hbyhbse} xm vbqdyj o}csmems qbv sdod k}qed`d `dgyqkekdjass'

De`del smd`yl|bge} qbvsdèdsd }sm xm dkbg|}ke} t}csmemslg xmslekmemslgam am% od~ jdelgam dkbg|d` `d|csgk bgemgsgmyl lilg% c} o}csmemslgqbvsd` |}~}gam cssd`sekdsgdedg omsm`ls' D|s} ym`leam dkbg|}ke} o}csmemslg y}edkd y}edg|ed qbvsd` |}~}gm xmslekmemsl am dkbg|d` `d|css} dsq s s sgd`qd xm `d|sv clsib` jdeemsam c} t}csmemsam`l qbvedk dkbg|d` kl`qdgs}g -=6/ylgl c}esgd`qdass' C} m`leam d~bq `d|css} k}sg`}g bea}o} `dads bgemsgm` lilg oBcsmemslg m`lk yssd edgs}g |ds}gd% bmd` bsqdedggd xm|dabts}adg abos}|d klc~msem xm qbj}ked clsel`qm qbvsd` limslylgm xmslekmylomsm`ls'

c, !mslq *


18/80

ABKDQMY \MQL!QLSLI LE LO L

ydgqsdy|bg} dsqkess xm o}csmglg omgl qbvsdèd qmsgdyq d~deqledsd` clq`lglgc}gadg adjd l|l cls ym`leam |dsdsedgsgdyq ydteds}s' \des}~ cmylg kdaamylglg hd~ed bekdykk ~dsdsj mq`l |dvdidt> }g}q}esgdsgdjass' C} cd`ssgadgxmslemim` o}csm kl`qdgs}g `mylg bedsd` cmelsemgkmyl omsm`ls'

9, Y}edkd y}|} lem o}csmglg xmslekmyl>O}csm mg l|l y}edkd y}|} lem xmslels' C} |8gqmk mg ib` d~bqe} o}csm

emsam }|t}eds}s' C} ym`leam 8gmkel bei}am ~dkdg xm mkm` qdydss}h} ydoqdgsgd`qdass' D|gid o}csm y}ad mslsgly bea}t}gadg clq`lemsm `lyd ~dkdgad mq`lel besgd`qdass' O}csmglg y}edkd ylsdykad xmslekmylgm qbvsdtk omolsomgelol% dsd~lglg a}~o}ge}o}% y}edkd ylyqmkl xm y}edkd y}|}g}g clemylkl mq`l mams'

1, V}y`}sqkm>Ybg |leedsad o}csmemslg msl|l` jdelgam |dvsdèdsd v}y`}sq}emsm` xmsle

kmyl bea}ìd |d|tkedyss}yqss' B~meelèm kl`sb cmylg kdaamemsl gb`ydgeeèdgs}g olamslekmylgam c} kmqbq ib` }|t}edgsgd`qdass% 50}g`} c8|emimjmk yb~ `bg}y} cmylg kdaamemslglg qbvsd`qd cd~l amollèlèmsm }osd|dsd` clq`lglg c}gedsadg qdk hd|adedgdkdsgdyl 8gemgkm`qm% jmk am clq`lglg`slql` cls tmelysgm amxsmylgam `mgalgl o8yqmsmg kl`sb cmylg kdaamemsl gb`ydgjèdgkg ib` `syd amgmclemim` cls y}sm limslylgam bsqdadg `deakesgd=4 ydtedgkd`qdass'

Abkdqmy Clq`lylglg Omelwkmyl xm B s } g Bq}y}k}Abkdqmy hlamylglg qdsed|d

ydyssq}sgdykadg l`l d| `dadsybgsd le` abkdqmy km|xmemsltmelykmemslgl qdkdkedkd qdass' Dgid` mg js~j omelkm hlam ydyssqsekdykadg 39 d|ybgsd bekd`qd xm c} a8gmk

34


19/80

ems dsdykad mg 4, Abts}adg qbj}k lem |mqlyqlslilel`%3, Hlam lem |mqeyqlslilel`%9, DL lem abkdqmy |mqeyqlslileeteaes'4' Abos}adg Qbj}k lem \mqeyqeseieee`Hlam lem |mqeyqeseieel` ~djkmqel xm d|s} ~dkdgad vdjdj cls }osdeaes'

B~meelèm ydgd|l abkdqmy |mqlyqlslileqtlgam abts}adg qbj}k lem |mqlyqlslieel`Hlam lem |mqlyqlslileltm qmsilj malekmelals' Qdsed|d abts}adg qbj}k m`lklglyqs}sed|dg mg bgmkel qd`qbs qbvsd` yqidèstsaqs' Qbvsd` yqidèst> mg d~ 4=I bekdjals' Abkdqmy qbj}kedgs}g qdsed|d m`lk qd`xlkemsl ms`mgil% bsqdms`mgil xm om


20/80

A BK DQM Y \ MQ L!Q LS LI LE LO L

Abkdqmy qbj}kedgs}g qdsed|d m`lklgamg ybgsd y}ssgmemslgm `dadstmimg o}g yd|ledg lem y}ssgmamg jdydad `dads tmimg o}g yd|sedg% jdydqqdsljemsl xm - beo}ge}èdg Qdceb e/ am xmslesglyqls'

Qdc464/ lg lgimemgkmylgamg am ocs}emimol olcl% abts}adg abkdqmyqbj}k} m`lkl lilg mg }|o}g ~dkdg glydg bsqdyl lem sgd|ly bsqdylass' Ms`mg|dvsedg m`lkemsam le`cdjds abg qmjel`myl xdsals' Kd|ly bsqdysgadg ybgsd|dvledid` m`lkemsam lym ybgcdjds le` abgl dg qmjel`mel bekd`qdass% D|s} ~dkdgad obo} `m~ am abkdqmyemslg c}|}` cls `lysk bet}gedydkdkd`qdass'

Qdsed|d abts}adg abkdqmy qbj}k m`lklgam cdydgj bedclekm` lilg |dcdgm> bq k}idamemyl |d vlqk djass' \ d cd gi q bq l edis s}g |des}~ qbj}k m`lkl |dvledg ylsdedsd% |dgl yssd }~mslgm }|t}edgsgdyq |mqmselals' Yssd dsdedg qsd`qbslem xm|d me idvdy> lem eyemgmclels' Cb|emim 4 am`dsj` cls qdseds}g 4"9/ } |dcdgIebq ledil lem lediedgss}y be}s'

Abos}adg qbj}k m`lklgam qbvsdtsg `d|kd` qdcd`dyl cdtedkdkdyllyqmgls' C} gmamgem alsm`q qbj}k m`lkl jdhlh `dsd`qmsel qbvsdèdsad |dvsesgdjass '

Alsm`q qbj}k m`lklgam `dvedgss}y qbj}k ad `}eeds}edclels' Cc|emim dalcls klc~ms lem m`lk |dvdclekm lk`ds}sgs~ ad xdsass '

Abts}adg qbj}k m`lklgam am`dsd =6466 os qbj}k |mqmselals' Jdec}`l 966=66 os qbj}k m`mg ilhqilemslkl~e ocskm`qm|l~' C} lym qbj}k lysdhsgadg cdy`d cls ym| amoleals'

Abkdqmy qbj}kedgs} - 43/ el` @G69 xm|d 43/ el` @J3V61 msl|lèmslgam 31 yddq q}q}v% s}q}cmqemslgl - 8/ |d a]!}sa}`qmg ybgsd m`qetlsge~ ~dkdg% meam malemg hlamemslg c}|}sgm xm tmelykmemsl }|o}edkd |dvlekd|dgqbj}kedsadg meam malemg hlamemslg tmelysgmemslgm gd~dsdg adjd l|l xm xmslkelelèmslglg am |}`ym` bea}oEl ocs}ek}!q]s'

39


21/80


Qdsedad Dsd Qbvsd` eyemsgmylHlamems qbvsd` |}~}gm is`qs`qdg ybkd ylsd dsdedg qsd`qbs lem eyemgls' Cls|mqlyqlskm vmsl|ba}gad 9= dsd lyemsgm |dvsjs % Cb|emim qbvsd` tmxym` q}

q}e}s' D|s} ~dkdgad qbvsdtk syksgdy q xm jdxd e dgkdy q ydteds}s' Cb|emimqdsedad |mqeyqlslemg abkdqmy hlamemslgm l|l cls |mqlyqlskm bsqdss} jd~s s edgksybe}s' Yssd }~mslgm am |dcdgi l bq e ediq }|o}edgaeoegad% yssd dsdedggad |dvsedg qbvsd` lyemsgmemsl |dcdgi> bqedgg tmelysgmylge qdkdkmg bgemkm`qmals'

Ym|smeqkmAlsm q qbj}k m lkemslgam ylsd }~mslgam hlam ym|smeqkmyl |dvsjs % @dv

edgsky qbj}k lem |dveedg m`lkemsam ym|smeqkm ib` d~ |dvs e sgd`qdass % Qdsed|d abts}adg |dvledg qbj}k m`lklgam ym|smeqkm% hlamems l`lgil xm|d}o}gi} tmsim` |dvsdèe amxsmam l`mg }|t}eds}s' e`lgil idvdedsgd mygdysg+ad ylsd }~mslgam`l clq`lemsm xmslemim` bedg kmydhm|m obsm ym|smeqkm |dvlLLs `l c}gd #qmèmkm# das xmslels' Ydgd|l abkdqmy |mqlqlslilelolgam ylsd }~msl kmydhm 3=16 ik dsdysgad bekd`qdass'

Y}edkdQdsed|d abts}adg |dvs edg qbj}k m`lkemslgamg ybkd lèlk ydsqedskd

cdoee bedsd` y}edkd }|t}eds}s% Alsm`q qbj}k m`lklgamg ybgsd y}edkd|dok}sedkd ymèqg am | dv lek dja ss' Cb|emim qbvsdtk |m`gmyd` cls ym`leamy}ed gkd yq yd tqd sg s' Abos}adg qdsed|d |dvl edg abkdqmy qbj}k} m`lkemslgam `dss` }y}e} y}edkd |dvl ekdkdesass ' I}g`} jmk qbj}keds y}edkdmygdykad y}s}èmgls jmk am qbvsd` `d|kd` qdcd`dy q cdteds xm qbj}keds|m`gmyd` iesgemgmkm~ems' C} gmamgem alsm`q qbj}k m`lkl lem qdsed|d |dvlLdg m`lkemsamg ybkd |dvsedid` y}edkdeds eieg qdsed|d k}qed`d |dok}sedkd ylyqmkl `}s}ekdjass %

31


22/80

ABKDQMY \MQ L w Q L S L I L E L O L

3' Hlam lem \mqeyqeseiqee`ydgim xm ymsd ymc~mileetl lem ydgd|l qlvl qdsed ymc~milqltlgam hlam |m

qlqlslilelol hds eN besgd qdass' C}sdad04, Cdji0>mxm ymsd ymc~mileltl lilg abkdqmy hlam |mqlyqlslileltl%3, Ydgd|l qlvl qdsed abkdqmyl |mqlqlslilelol lilg hlam |mqlyqlslileltlglg gd

ys e |dveedidoe dis` edgsgd`qdas s '

Cdjim xm Ymsd Ymc~milelol LwlgHlam \mqlwqlslilelolYmc~m hlamemsl omgmeel em yqmd`% sj` xm ybt}` |dyqs`edsad |mqeyqeseels' C}

|mqlyqessgm |msemslgm idk xmvedyql` ymsdeds ad ledxm malemclels' Idk xm vedyql` ymsdeds adjd ib` ymsd ymc~mieeetl eilg omsm`el bedg hlamemslg meam malekm

'3=


23/80

ILHQme MOeseK YMSeye 3:+

ylgam `}eeds}js' Hlam |mqlyqlslekmylgam mgbgmkel `bg}edsadg clsl% hlamglglyqmalol l`elk `by}eedgs}g ydtedgsgdysass' Aloms bgmsgel cls `bg} ad clq`l |mqlyqlssgm bsqdkedgs}g b~meel`emslals' \dgl jdsm `dgylss}s} km|adgd omqlsmgkdqms|deemsals' |}g`} qbj}k xm hlamems c} bsqdkedsad |mqlyes'

Cdydgj cls abkdqmy |mqlyqeseieeetegam mg bgmsgel `bg}% `}xxmqel xm yejjdqel |dgl vly`lg hlam meam mqkm`qls' I}g`} y}g} }smqlil ilsgemgsgm|q qmklg mamim` xm hlam|l cmyem|mim` cls jdsm jd~ssedsgd` ~bs}gadals' C}gd bgmk xmskmaltl ~dkdg% a}}` bsdgedsad ilsgemgsgm% `}xxmqyl~% o]


24/80

AB K DQM Y \MQL!QLSLILE ed e

s0>,@bed| c}e}gdclels xm }i}~ be sgdjass ' Cb|emim |mqlyqeslilems qdsdhlgadgsdjdqel ed `}eeds}js'

a, Jdsm kdqms|delgam c}e}gdg kdaamems qbvsd` ylid`jtkadè amol>07kmemsm `dsy 4 cls qdkvbg tbsmxl |dvkdjals'

m, Jdsm yqmsle besgdesass'h, Jdsm jdyqdel`% cbim` xm |dcdgi q bqedsadg dggsgsy be sgdjiss 'o, Jmsclylq `dekqsyl ls0>mskmkmelals'j, Hlam jdsikad |mqmsel amsmimam hbyhbs c}e}gsgdjals' T}g`} c} hbyhbs `b` qmym``}e} xm b~meelèm abkdqmyemsam le` yde`lsgedgg tmelysgmyl lilg

omsmèlals' C}g}g |ds}gad d~bq kl`qdgs}g |}`ym` besgdsgdyq ed~skass'Hd~ed d~bq ~d|s h xm lgim }~}g hlamemslg km|adgd omekmylgm gmamg be}s'Jdqqd c} d~bq} amgomemkm` eilg cls kl`qds vbqdy ledxmyl |dsdsjass '

L, Jdsiqd q}~e}e}` vsbcemkl b ekdsgd}as s ' C} ad b~meelèm djs s t}csmylgamg xm q}~e}e}` mq`lyl hd~ed bedg oBcsmemsem dyk oBcsmemkm ybg}i}km|adgd omekm`qmals' C} gmamgemsamg amed|> y}ad msl|mceees q}~eds a}y}`bsdgedsad bekdesass'

l, Jdsm jmk `lk|dyde xm jmk am hl~l`yme bedsd` jms ~dkdg `}eeds}ekd|d |dsd|syel cls |m`gmydèl`qd bekdjals'

Qbj}k xm hlam jdsiedgs}g `dgylsgedg lem leolel bedsd` |dcdgil Be`mN%msam `mgal b~ `d|gdèdggad c}e}gdg kdaamemsm obsm `dgyssgeds |dvlekd`qdass% ]e`mkl~am am c} |bgam |bt}g i d esysg d ed s | dv sek d esa ss' T}g`B cd~qhlam jdsiedg cls clq`l lilg |dsdsj bea}t} jdeam% alomsemsl eieg |dsdsj bekd|dclels' C} cd`skadg imylqql `dgys sg ed s |dvkd` y}smql|em ymc~memslg clsibt}g}g lyqmèmslgl `dsyled|did` bedg lamde `dslyskedg cmelsem|mclelsl~'

]e`msgl~am ymc~m |mqlyqeseieqmse |dyqsèdsad omgmeelèm 4"9 memgsgly |dgg}y djls oBcsmyl% 4"9 memgkly cdjim qbvsdt> xm 4"9 lgim memgsgey `}k `dgyss s}s} jdsm bedsd` `}eeds}sqds' Cd~ l |mqeyqeslilems |dg |dg|d memgsgly |dg


25/80

I LH Q I L M O LQ LK Y M S e y e + 3 : +

ksy djls o}csmyl lem memgsgly cdjim qbvsdtq s} jdsm od|myl|em jd~ssedseds'Cls `syssg |mqlyqlslilems lym% cls ymgm mxxme`l |dyqlèdsad c}e}gdg jdsil memsems xm c}g} |mglamg jdsm bedsd` `}eeds}seds `l% c} jdyqdel` xm cmylg kdaamyl |bè}o} |bg}gamg bea}ìd yd`kidjass' Cd~l |mqeyqlseieems lym% 1 `sylsg|dgss}y djss o}csmyl% 3 `sylsg memgsgly cdjim qbvsdts xm 4 `syssg memgkly`}k lem jdsm |dvkd`qdalseds'

]smqlil jdsis s} qbj}k m`lklgamg xm|d hlam al`lklgamg bgim k}qed`djd~ssqdsgdjass' Jd~ssedgkd|d 49 d| bgimyegamg cdyedgsgdjass' Ms`mg jd~lsedsgd lem jdsmk `bkvb~ly|bg}gad km|adgd omemclemim` ~dsdsedgkdeds%jdsm cmelsel cls algemgkm vmsl|ba} tmilsmimtlgamg% dyodsl|m lgalslemim`qls'\des}~ jdsisss}~q `dvdj cls |msam xm|d alydgad cssd`ss}yyd` }~mslgl gd|Lbg lem bsqmsm` ae `by}eedgg mq`lylgamg `bs}sgdj|s~' x}g`} dil`qd cssd`sLdg jdsmk `bkvb~ly|bg}gad |doe lem c}|}` amolkmems bedid`qss'

Jd~ssedgdg jdsmk vJ ='88': dsdykad besgdjass ' Jdsmk v+l/yss}g jd~lsedgsgdykad èsmi xm `}`}sqqmg |dsdseds}els'

Hlam |mqlwqlskmjdsikkyqmslel~m malekmylCdydgj cls ymc~m |mqlyqlslieelte lmlg mg bgmsgel `by}eedsadg clslyl am

jdyqdj` xm ~dsdsesedgg besgdastq cls bsqdkad hlam |mqlyqlskm`qes' C} gmamgLm jd~ssedgdg jdsmk yqmslel~m malekmyl omsm`ls' Yqmslel~dy|bgad amoll` kmqbqeds `}e eds}js% !}vjmyl~ }smqlil c}geds eimseyegam `mgalylgm mg }i}~ xm mg}|o}g beds}s} ymisgm` ~bs}gadass' Dgid` }smqliq lieg mg }|o}g}% vl|dydad mg `bed| c}e}gdclemg% m`bgbkl` xm }|t}edgsgdyq mg vsdql` bedclemglals'

Omgme bedsd`% hlam jdsiedgs}g yqmslel~dy|bg} c}jdsed xm `lk|dydekdaamemsem |dvs}s ' Y} c}jdg lem |dveedg jdsm yqmslel~dy|bg} mg l|l ybg}ixmsmg kmqbq besgdykd sdokmg% }|t}edgsgdyl lilg b~me m lvkdgedsd ljql|diobyqmskmyl cd`sss}gadg% m`bgbkl` |bgamg `}eeds}ss}s} `sysqedsgd`qdass'Jdsmk 96 ad`l`d y}sm lem =686 O/ emsam q}q}ekdyl lem gmkdqba% cbqs|qly%h}ydsl}k xm clsib` vdqbnmgl` cd`qmsl lem kdgqds be}s' ?6 O/ am lym qbvsd`cbimèmsl% 466bO/ am |dcdgl bq qbj}sgedgs}g qdsgdss} be}sems' C}sdadg ad

3:


26/80

ABKD QMY \MQL!Q LS LI LE LOL

dged%eLkd`qdaes `l% c}jdsed yqmslel~dy|bg lem hlam |mqlyqlskm jdsis s} q}sgjdyqdes` xm ~dsdsjedsadg dggalskd` sg}sg`}ga}s'

@lk|dyde kdaamemsem |dvledg yqmslel~dy|bg% qbvsdtsg hl~l`yme xm `lk|dyde qdcedqss} yqmd` y} c}jdg lem |dveedg yqmslel~dy|bgad bea}t} `dadscb~kd`ye~eg% qbvsd`qd`l bsodgl~kdedg 8eaBsBs' Mg |d|tlg xm cdydgj dedg`lk|dyde kdaamems% Kmqj|ecsbklam% Xdvdk% Hbskdelg xm Cdymklaeqls'C}g}ged cmsdcms `lk|dyde yqmslel~dy|bg ybg}m}gad% qbvsd`qd dkbg|d`Bsmqlkl dsqdclels' L|l cls `lk|dyde yqmslel~dy|bg lilg qbvsd` gmkel xm 4:31 Iylidès`qd besg djass '

Jdsmk yqmslel~dy|bg}gad `}eeds}edg `lk|dyde kdaamems liegam mg|d|ok xm cdydgel bedg Kmqj|ecsbklam/als' C} `lk|dyde kdaam0 gmkdqbaedg% c8mmèmsl% |dcdgl bq qbj}kedg xm kdgqdsedgg ibt}g} 84aBsBs'C}dsdad }|t}edgsgdysgk `bed| bekdyl aloms cls dxdgqdnsass% Hlam jdsils}gyqmslel~dy|bg} lieg jdsm }|o}g cls ~mklg% qmsiljmg cmqbg B~mslgm 3696 mk|}`ymèetlgam xm k}gqd~dk cls ym`leam |d|sjs ' ]~msl ydtedsg% jdxd omilskm~% amelol bekd|dg vedyql` cls 8sqB lem yl`sid `dvds}s' Adjd ybgsd eimslylgm k/ /|m ?6466 osdk omemmm` ym`leam q}vems vdqedqledsd` xm|d b~me demqems |dsass s} lem xmslels' Vedyql` bsq}ems omgmeelèm 1: yddq `dvdqs e s s ' CENy}smlilgam qbvsd` ylid`jt> 464= I be sgdjass ' Qbvsd` yeidèeoe 4= Iglg }~mslgam lym 31 yddq `dvdqkd |mqmsel be}s' BsqB diseal`qdg ybgsd jdsm cls`diamhd d`qdgels' C8|emim jdsmd xmslemg od~ }i}s}e}s' Qbj}k m`lkl xm|d hlamal`lkl lieg mg d~ 1? oBg cmèmgls' Dgid` Kmqj|e+csbklam cleolyl~ xm|dal``dqyl~ `}eeds}eastkad lgydg ydojokd xm mxsm|m ~dsds xmsmclem+im` `dads mq`lel cls kdaam bea}t}gadg ]e`mkl~am xm a}g|dad `}e+eds}kkd ybg xmskm `bg}y}gad mdjykdqds |dveekd`qdaes' Bsmqlilem+slkl~lg yqmslel~dy|bg eilg `lk|dyde kdaam ymims`mg c} j}y}y} al`+`dqm desgdedg omsm`km`qmals'

Xdvdk% jdsmk |B~m|lgm |dok}sedkd ymèlgam ymsvkm y}edkd xm|db~me demqemsem }|t}eds}s% Hlam |mqeyqlskm |dygèdgs}g hBklody|bg} lieg4 elqsm YLXL Xdvdk%


27/80

LHQL MOLQLKYM0%oSLY4w3:w####%'%c%%%%%%%%%%;;;;;;;%RR s

vlemsm` }|t}eds}s' ]|o}edkdadg ybgsd qbvsd` }~mslgm cls kl`qds y} ab`}e}s xm|d |}~m| cls bsq} lem `dvdqsess' ]|o}edkdadg l`l jdhqd ybgsd m`lk xm|d al`lk |dvledclqls'

Hbskdelg lym ibt}ge}èd qbvsd` sgdgqdsedgs} bea}ges' Vl|dydad ydgLdg hbskdelg/lg 4 elqsmylgm 1< elqsm y} ledxm malemsm` meam malemg `dgysk y}~tmiel `bxd lem hlam jdsiss}g 4 sg# ylgm =46 elqsm bedsd` }|t}edks' ]|o}edkdadg ybgsd 31 yddq cmèmgls' 9= o}g ybgsd m`lk xm|d al`lk |dvsjs'

Jdsm yqmslel~m maleal`qmg ybgsd asydgadg s}~tds xm|d cdy`d |beedsadgomemclemim` bedg mghm`yl|bgedsd `dsyq `bs}gsgdjass' C} |dvlesgd~yd q}sgmkm` xm kdysdheds cbyd olamclels'

]smqlilemslkl~lg c} `bg}ad |mqmsl `dads cleol xm amgm|lk ydjlcl bekdadg yqmslel~dy|bg xm h}klody|bg |dvsgdkdedg% le` }|t}edsgdedgs} c} `bg}ad molqlk ocsk} cls qm`gl` vmsybgme lem clsel`qm |dvkdedg ydel` xmslels'

Hlam |mqlwqlslilelolgam qbj}sge}t}g bgmke

a MèsleaeI 0 > Lga|

Abkdqmy |mqlyqlslileltlgm cdyedsgdadg bgim qmisBcm xm cleolemslkl~mad|dgdsd` jdgol abkdqmy imylaege m`mimtekl~m `dsds xmskmel|l~' T}g`B}|o}g cls imylq ymilkl adjd cdyedgtliqd cl~lk l|l cls |bead bea}t}sg}~}ocyqmsls' @cq] ymilsg lym% j}ysdgd }osdkdke~d gmamg bedclels'

C} ymilsgamg ybgsd qbj}k qmklglgam am ib` al``dqel be}gsgdjass'Cdy`d cls am|eyem }smqlil `dsds xmsalol imyeaeg qbj}k}g} oBxmglels `d|gd`qdg qmklg mqkmelals' TBg`Bqbj}k |dyd|dg idgj cls xdsel`qss'

Cd~mg clelgkm|mg |ms xm èylemsamg ydqk dggdg qbj}kedgg dkcdednedggsg li0>l|emd|s} besgdalt> ib` sdyqedgdg cls a}s}ka}s' C}g}ged clsel`qmqbj}k cd|dq% ms`mg jdydq malekey% d|s} ~dkdgad jdydq maeesgmkly xm|d`bq} amvb `by}eedssgad k}jdhd~d malesgly bedclels' Cb|em qbj}kedsk mekemgkm |}~amemsl bea}ìd a}y}`q}s' Bqm |dgadg% cb|em cls qbj}kadg meammalemim` hlam yd|sy l ad ib` d~ bedid`qls'

ql\LL

#


28/80

ABKDQMY \MQLQLSLILELOL

Hlam |mql$nqlskm qm`glolL|l cls abkdqmy hl

amyl meam mamclekm`%`}`}y}~ hlamelolg |mslglg ymolekmylgamg hlamglg |mqlyqlssgm |mslgm al`lklgm `dads omimg abgmkam }|o}edgdid` eyemkemslg q}sg}gm cdoelaes' Ylsgal c} dydsgdedgg jms clslgl% }e`msgl~am`l a}s}ked% besgdyl omsmèl a}s}k} `dsyledyqssdsd`% ybs}gedsd xm ib~}sg

Abkdqmy hlamemsl }|o}g ydsqedskydoedgaeoe hlamelèmsam |mql$nqlslemcle+alol olcl cmg~ms `by}eedgg

ydoedgaeoe idk xm vedyql` ymsdedsadad |mql$nqlslemclels'

|beedskd amolgmsm` lgimem|melk'Hlam |mql$nqlskm |msemsl xm hlamemslg |mql$nqlslekmylAbkdqmy hlamemsl yqmd` |dyqsèds lem ymsdedsad |mqeyqeseels' Idk xm vedy

ql` ymsdeds adjd ib` ymsd ymc~mileetegam xm ymsd lolg omsmèl bedg hlamemslg|mqlyqlslekmylgam `}q eds}js ' Ybg | leed sa d d i s`qd |mqey qes ei qel` lilg omsmèl hlamemslg |mqlyqqseesgmyegam am ymsdedsadg |dsdseds}esgd`qdass' Hlam |mqlyqlskm|mslglg bgmsge% hlamglg lyqmaltl omxsm xm lèlk `by}eedgs}g ydtedgkdyl dilylgadg bgmkelals' C} `by}eedgg ydoedgaeoe |msam cdydg|ed hlam |mqlyqeseemclels'

]e`msgl~am ymc~m qdgsks}g mg lemsl a}~m|am c}e}ga}t} ms`mgilel` cbeomemsl am adjle bekd` }~msm% hlam% |mql$2qlslilelol omgm L bedsd` |dyqlèdsad xm|d jlicls èlkdql` a}~mgm ydjlv bekd|dg ymsdedsad |dvsekd`qdals'

Hlam% |dyqlèdsd `bgdg jdsm }~mslgm% |d ad eilgam jdsm c}e}gdg imylqLl `dyd% yd`y q xm|d gd|ebg qbscdedsd qbj}k m`lv c} dsdiedg |dyqltd xm|dymsd|d `b|kd` y}smql|em |mqlyqlslels'

\dyqsèdsad mg c}|}` vsbcemk hlam |mqlyqessgm amxsmyl mygdykad abkdqmy hlamemslglg lyqmaltl ysid`j`qs s ' C} abgmsgam y lid`j` `mylgelèm 46bI/glg deqsgad besgdkdjals' Qbj}keds ilkemglv% omgo clq`lems qbvsd` |}~}


29/80

I L H Q I L M O L Q L K YMSeye ' 3 :

gm is`sv `bqlemabg|dvsdèds |dqd| a}s}kdealtkbd olkemgkmxm y}skm qdkdkedgksy besgd`qdass' Clq`lqbvsd` |}~}gm is`qs`

qdg 43 jdhqd ybgsd c}|}sgm }i}gad 43 |dvsd` qdyedt> obskm` k}sg`}g+a}sb Ysid`jtsg xm imxsm `by}eedsls}g mq`lyl c} abgmkamg ybgsd adjd addsqds' Abkdqmy hlamemslglg 46 led 96 o}ge}` c} y}smyq% clsib` dsdyqkil qdsdqkadg `slql` amxsm bedsd` `dc}e malels' Clsib` dsdyqkil c} amxsm|l |dvsd` yd|sy l lem cmelsemkm|m idjyss}yqss ' Bsgmolg% ysidè stk i}ysgmyl lem le` olomèmgkm|m `dads bedg amxsmam |dvsd` yd|syl ad d~desgd`qdass' 4649amsmim ysidès`qd% 4:34 amsmim ysid`jtd gd~dsdg |dvsd` yd|syl adjd add~dekd`qd hd`dq adjd ms`mg ieimèmgsgm bekd`qd% d|gid clq`l cb|} `syd%obxam `djg xm |dg y}st}gemslg adjd `}wmqel bea}t} obs}ekm`qmals'

Hlam }smqlkl abgmsgegam mg c}|}`ybs}g ysid`j`qls' C} abgmsgamylmd`j` `mylgel em 46 amsmimglgdeqkad bekdkdjass%

slke] ^

em lh l iclLmk

Abkdqmy hlamemslglg `slql` amxsmemslgam yqmd` a}~m|eglg yde`qsg ymèlgeam mq`lemalol }g}q}ekdsgdjass' A}y}` ylid`j`qd clemyl` yde`lk% |}`ym` Ye+id`j`qd ad cdylq yde`ssg mèl km|adgd omekm`qmals'

Ymc~milel` lyemqsgmqmsegam qbj}k m`lkl |dvledg yqmd` |dyqsèdsed% omgmeelèm ydyssq sgd lyemsglglg |dveeaeoe sj` |dyqlèdsad ylid`j` cdyjid }o`d|gd`qdg meam malemclels' C}geds >

d, Qd~m t}csmemslg `s~qykdykadg hd|adedgdsd` ylid`j` qmklgl%c, Ymsdedsad xm |dcdgil kmkem`mqemsam obo}ge}èd obs}ea}o} olcl cls`sylk hlam |dyqsèdggad |dyqs` qbvsdtklg 363= ik amslgeltlgam xm|d

jdsij qbvsdtk }~mslgamgmolslemg `debslhms cbs}edg |dsasss}|ed ylid`j`qmklgl%

i, \dyqs` qbvsdtkk'|}~}gm |d`sg `sysgd xm|d 4636 ik `dads amslgelom xm |bo}ge}èd `dhmy ymèlgam |msemyqesqekly a}y}` xbeqdnee mem`qsl` qmeemsl abymgmsm` ysidès` qmklgl'

93


30/80

C} ]| qlv ysid`j` `d|gdt> dsdykad mg }|/o}g} `debslhms xm|d mem`qsl`qls' ]e`mkl~am ymc~m lyemqkmemslgam lym% ylidès` `d|gdoe qd~m |dgkdkle2 o}csm xm o}gme2qls' Omimemsl ylid`j` a}y}` bea}t} ~dkdg |dyqsèdgg}~ms ems l jdyls olcl kdaamemsem bsq}e}s'

Hlam |mqlyqlskmglg cdydgylgad qbj}sge}t}g |dsg yssd |mqeyqlslemg hlamemslg am bgmkl c}|}`q}s' ^lsd `}eq}s}g xm meam malemim` }s}g}g omemimolhlamelèmsam jd~qsedks' Bsgmolg% abkdqmyqm le` ieim` qdyedèdgs}g be}y}sg}clq`lglg hlam amxsmylgam oms|mème2km`qmals' Clq`lglg ms`mgieeetek am cmelsem|mg c} bed|0 y lid`j`% gmk% sys` ylaamql xm y}smyl'cmylg kdaamemslglgkl`qdg lem yl q yl l|d lely`lelals' Omgme bedsd` l|l cls abkdqmy hlamylgam dsdgdg b~meelèmsl y} ym`leam yssded|dclqese~>

d, C}q}g `lyskedg ydtedk xm ydoelèl bekdjass 'c, Alsl xm `}s} kdaamim ~mgolg bekdjass 'i, Cb|d ` dikd ss} y b esg d jass'|, @mgalgm b~o} smg`qm besgdjass 'a, Hd~ed omg| xm |de24lbesgdkdjass 'm, Al`lk ybgsdykad`l |mgl `by}eedsd djydgd `dads om|mg abgmsgam

|mqmsel qbvsdoe xm `b` ylyqmklgl qdylkdjass'

A B K DQ MY \ MQ Lw QLS LI LE LO L

h, Cls hlamel`qm`l q}k hlamems cls bsgm` besgdjass'o, Hlamems vly`lg bekdjass%Qbj}k m`lklM`lk ~dsgds}% jdydq qdsljlgm cdoel bedsd` cmelsemgls' C} `bg}ad |dvl

edid` vd~ds lgimemkmemsl xm cbeomyme dsdyqsssgdeds ybg}i}gd obsm }|o}g m`lk ~dsgdg

Abkdqmy qbj}kedgk ymsvkm amole' yesd|d m`lg$ Omsm`qlolgamg wb`

qbj}k `}eedgkd|k$


31/80

ILHQILMOLQLKy y y q y > + 3:+

Ldg ydvqdgsgdjass' ]e`mkl~am lym% omgmeelèm qbj}k m`lkl xd`qlgamg bgim a*|dvsesgd`qdals' Adjd ybgsd dis`qd |mqeyqeslieel`qm `slql` abgmsgems dqedqsedkd qmaeoe eieg clq`l c}|}sgmyl xm tmelysgmyl ~bsedgdsd` |dxdyedkd`qdass' C} gm èamgem c} `bg}ad bgmkel o}m0e}èmsem `dsy}dys e sgd`qdass %

M`lklg |dveeaeoe |ms xm clilsgl imylqel m`leemsam bedclekm`qmals' C} lh2 @eilg ymsdad |d ad |dyqsèdsad jd~lsedgdg |msems% jdsm0 abea}s}esg}y `dydeds mxm|d abts}adg yd`yl % vedyql` qbscd|d ad ys`syqsgess}y qbvsd` cebèdg `}eed ys}ekd`qdass% ]e`msgl~am lym abkdqmy qbj}kedg ymsvkm bedsd` yqmd` |dy aqsèdsd m`lekm`qmals' Cl~ am ylsd|d m`lk |dvsesgdykl bgmsl|bs}~' C}sdadg gmeam malemg hlamems |d sj` |dyqltd |d ad vedyql` qbscd% yd`yq xm|d qbvsd`cebèdggd ydyssqs}s' \dyqsèdsd |dvledid` m`lkemsam k3/|m 1= os qbj}k Uldqsesgdjass% M`lkam qbj}k kl`qdg cd~q cdjilxdgeds qdsdggadg |dveeaeoeolcl hd~ed q} q} e sgdkdjass ' D`yl jdeam abkdqmy hlamemsl lyqmgkm|mg glqmel`qmc}|}s xm tmelylsems% |dgl is e s~ be}seds' I b` ym|sm` m`lealèmsl qd`qlsam am qbj}kedgg ilsgemglv qbvsd` |}~}gm il`sgdedg omil`ls'

\dyqs` edsd xm|d `dydedsd qbj}k m`leal`qmg ybgsd qbj}kedgg }~mslgm|dèdys` bedsd` 4 ik `delgeloegad jdsm0 `bg}s xm }~msemsl qdjqd qb`kdèdsedcdyqkess' Jdsmk gmkel bekdyq lyqmgls' Adjd ybgsd y}~tmiel `bxdedsed xm|djbsq}ked }i}gd y}~tmi qd`dsd` y}edkd |dvsjs% Y}edkd ll am qdkdkedgas`qdg ybgsd |dyqlèdgg imsimxmemsl `dvdqsjs xm }~mslgm 91 o}g sg}aamqemjdyss bsq}e}s% |dgl `dsdsqsjs% Qdjqd `dydedgg }~msegy lym% 91 ol''lgk}aamqemm0lkemgalskm|l js~ edgas skd` xm s}q}cmq `d|cl s} bgemsgm` eilg qbj}kedgg}~mslgm `doeq bsq}esgmyl xm|d idk |msqmyqls lek myl |d sd selass' I l sg emgkm cdyeds cdyedsgd~ |dyqs` xm|d `dydedsd `bgdg c} bsq}ems `deakess % Cb|emim hlamemslg cbe s y s ` desgdedg ydteds}s' C} hlam |mqlyqlslileltlgam bea}ìd bgmke la l s %\dvs e sgdastl ~dkdg% ydg smgèl }~}g xm isj~ hlamems km|adgd omels'

Ilkemgsgm y}smylgim jdsm0 qbvsdtl qdxj q}q}e}s' C} amxsmam dyk s}q}cmqqmg `diss}js' Y}edkdeds qmsiljmg ydcdjedg |dvse sgdesass ' Boem|lg xm |d`si q ylidèdsad o}g bsqdykad |dv l edid` y}edkdedsadg `diskekdjass' Hl


32/80

ABKDQMY\MQLQLSLILELOL

amel`qm xm|d `dydedsd |dvledg m`lkam mg ib` obs}emg jdyqdel` ib`msqmg/als' Cb|em cls a}s}k lem `dseedeeaeokad y}edkdeds k}sg`}g bea}o}`dads klglk}kd lgalslelv% cls h}go}ylq lem eediedsgd |dvsesgdesass'

Tlkemgkmglg l|l bedclekmyl% jdsmk glqmeetlgm xm |mqmsel y}|d cdoelaes'@}eedgeedg jdsmk glqmel`yl~ be}y}% y}|}g d~eloe |d ad qbj}kedgg |}~m|ymem`lekmyl ybg}m} jdsm |}~m|eglg `}s}kdyq gmamgl|em km|adgd omemg y}y}~e}` cls |dgadg ilkemgsgm|l d~deqss`mg% aloms |dgadg ad hlamemslg `bqlemabg |dvsdèdgsgg qbj}k `dc}t} lem ydgj `desgdylgd |be dids% C}g}g ybg}m}gad hlamems dgbskde bedsd` idsvs` omele2ls xm obxam `sxgess ' C} hlamemslg km|adgd tmqesmimtl clq`lems cl~m adjd ybgsd ib` a]e2}` bsdgad }s}gxmsmmm`lmsals'

L|l jd~ssedgss}y cls |dyqs` xm|d `dydad ydtjè > qbj}k m`lealtl ~dkdgabkdqmy qbj}kedg = led : o}gam iesgemgls xm qbvsd` |}~}gm is`dseds' C}dgadg lqlcdsmg hlamemslg l|l cls tmelysgm obyqmsmclekmemsl lilg cd`lkedggdib` al``dq xm lqlgd tbyqmssgmelals' \dvledid` cd`sk eyemse dsdykad ~dsgds}gad xm |mqmsel y} xmskm% |dcdgl mqedg d|sèdsgd xm asydgad jdxds}g a}s}k}gd obsm jdxdedgasssgd lem jdyqdel` xm ~dsdsjedsd `dsyl sg}idamem |msdels' Cd`ssg lemsl dsdysgad jdxdedgasskds}g ib` al``dqel |dvlekdyl omsm`ls'D`yl jdeam `bsvm hlamems al``dqyl~el` |}~}gayg cls dgad |b` bedclelsems' Hlamems asy bsqdk jdxdykd |dxdy |dxdy xm o}g}g yqmd` yddqemslgam |dvs+Ldg jdxdedgalssgd lem desyqkjseds'

!dwsqkd]e`msgl~am qbj}k m`lklglg omgmeelèm |dyqlèdsd xm cd~l ymsdmleds qd

sdhsgadg ad `dydedsd|dvseastkd amolgleklyqe' C}sdadg ad meam malemg hlamemsm 5 0 > 6 +o} `m~ jmsjdgol clsydyssqsgd }|o}edgkd

wdwesqkd |dveedg hlamemsam q}qkdbsdk adjd |}`ym` bea}o} olcl c}

hlamems qdsedad al`lk ybgsdykad `sydy}smam omelwkm qm xm adjd `}xxmqeebekd`qdass'


33/80

I LHQI L MO LQLK YMS eye + 3:+

sgd`qdass% !desqeekd|dg hlamemslg al`lkam q}qkd bsdgedg ad aB}` besgd`qdass' C}g}g |dgsgad |mglamg `b` ylyqmkl omellgim|m `dads omelkm d`ydsgd`qdass' C} d`yd|dg a8gmk jmk le` jdydq ~dsgds}sg omil`qlskmamjmk am clq`lam`l ilim` qdyedèdgs}g cb~}ekdedssgd xm a8`}ekmemslgm gmamg bekd`qdass'

!desqkdgsg |dvs esy gmamgl |}`dssad ad amolglealol olcl `8èB xm vly+`lg hlamemslg meam malekmylals' !desqkd% d|s} ~dkdgad% vly`lg hlam meammalekmyl xm ydyssqkdyssdylgad iles~ hlamemslgd|sèdgkdyl cd`ssgkadg ad |dsdsjass ' !dyssqkd mygdysgad cd~ljdyqdesèdgg xm xlsByem

xes}y} ib` 8gmkelals'C}g}g lieg ydyss qkd|dvdg lyilems meemslgl dylsqkdadg 8gim ydc}ge} y} lem |s`dgkdjass ' I0}g`} c}edysgd% ylodsd limgmeems |be}|ed ad bekd`qdass' !desqkd sg}sg`}g bea}o} `dads ms`mg |dvlekdjals' Om| |dv adg ydyssqsgdedsad clq`lam yb` mq`lyl bekd`qdass' C}g}gybg}i}gad ad le` ieimèmslg o8s}g}k} omil`km`qmals' !b`}g omil`qlslil mq`lylglg hlamglg ydyssqsgd mygdysgad`l |dykd cdoee bea}o} }g}q}ekdsgdjass'

slg bg}gm om|lekmelals'B~meelèm __ g kb~dl`

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wdwesqkd ylsdykad q}q}g kb~d l` xls}y}olcl cd~l jd yqd eN èd gg xm xes}yemsegclq`l|m c}edykdyg} bgemkm` li0lgydyssqkd |dvdgl$4wlemsmeemslgl$4d $4 esqk d ad g bgim yd c}ge} y} lem\ e`dk d eNa e s%/ I 0}g`} c}edykd% ylodsdli0mg meems |b e}|ed ad bekd`qdals'

wd$4esqkdsg}k`}g bea}o} `d ad s ms`mgabgmkam |dv eek d eN aes'

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LQlkam ob~ bg}gm djgdid` j}y}yeds y}gedsals>d, Hlamel`% hdcsl`d xm lyilemslg c}e}ga}t} |msm |d`k besgdjass %c, Hlamel` qbvsdts jdhlh xm y}~m` besgdjass% D|s} ~dkdgad l|l asmgm

maeekly besgdj% gmkdqbaedsed c}edyl` besgdsgdj xm adjd bgim abkdqmy hlam }smqlsgegam `}eeds}esgdss}y bekdjass%

i, Hlamel` |msl ib` l|l cls ym`leam qmyxl|m malekmel xm |dcdgil bqedsadgqmkl~emgkmelals'

i, Hlamel` eieg ymieemg |msam y}edkd |bg}gamg vsbcemk c}e}gkdkd

a, Hlamel` |mslglg cbetmglg jd`lk s}~tdsedggadg `bs}gsg}y bekdyl ad}~mslgam bgmsgem a}s}ekdyl omsm`mg cls `bg}a}s' |}g`} s}~tdsd dis`bedg |msemsam hlam |mqlyqessgm amxsmylgam c}|}` vsbcemkems bsqd|d is`ds %C} a}s}k}g }smqlsgl sly`m yb`kdyq }~d` cls ljqlkde amoleals'

m, Hlamemslg t}gmyemgsgmylgm mgome c}e}gsgdsgdjass'h, ]smqlk amxsmylgam omsmèl kde~mkmglg hlamelom% heamel`qm }smqlemg hl %

amemslg qdsed|d qdyksgdyq lilg% |d~`sy jms _se} xdylqds}g olalv tmemimtl cls|be c}e}gkdelass'

o, Hlam |mqlyqlslemg qbvsdtk vee/y> 8 ? ilxdggad besgdjass'Hlamel` deds} cmelsemgal`qmg ybgsd |dvledid` le` lh2Qdgsg LL K}a}se}o}

Clq`l @bs}kd !}cm K}a}se]o}/gm cdyx}sdsd` hlamelolg jdyqdj` |bg}gayg|mqlyqlssgm l~glglg dekkdyl tmsm`ls'

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eMO LQ LK YMS eye 3:

Hlamelèmslg |dvlskgadg mg d~ 9 d| bgim qbvsd` y}s}e}s' \dgl hlamel`qm |d~ cb|}gid l`l}Y0amhd y}s }s g | dvs js ' Hlamelolg bsodgl` kdaam |bg}g+amg amomslgl |}`ymeqsgm` dkdil|ed cls \LL bgimylgamg le`cdjds xm|d |d~d|edggad |}edh m`lels' \my l e o}csm bedsd` `}e eds}edg |}edhd ledxm bedsd` am`dsd 36 ò - 4:/ el` y}vms hbyhdq ledxm |dvsjs' M`lemim` bedg |}edh qbj}k}am`dsd 4=36 `t/aqs' \}edh clq`lemsl ydsdskdadg bgim 4= ikqbvsd` amslgelolgm `dads alyèmgls xm c} ym`leam qbvsdtk lilgm obk}ekmyl ydt edgs s}ybe}s'

Qbvsdtssk~ jdk a}s}kd omeklqls' \dyqlèdgg `}~m|t}gm| abos}eq}y}gad qmyly malekmyl omsm`ls' \dyq s` dsdedggad `dedg qbvsdèds `}smèm|dyqs` }~ms lgm dqledsd` |dyqltk `dcd qmyxl|myl |dvsjs' V}ee} edsad dsdeds%|dyqsèdsk mglglg 4'464'36 k bedi%doe ym`leam d|dseds}s' C} |dyql` omglelol lemslam |dvledid` bq dekd% idvdedsgd xm cd`ssg lyemsegeg `bed|joe cd`ls s}gadg }|o}ga}s' C} ymèeam i d cd bedsd` jd~q s edgdg |dyqlèds adjd ybgsd hsm~memgls' Hsm~memkm xm sbqbxdqbs lem ly emsgmamg ybgsd | dyqs` qb vsd t>e|eim lgimeqeekey be}s' Adjd ybgsd qssss}èds lem |dyqlèdsd ybg ym`le xmslels'\ dyqltk d ylg |doeedsadg bq}sk dk dyl li lg }~msl K}e}s' Jd~ss edastqks~|dyq s` edsk qbvsd` |}`ymèlol 4= ik/ amg d~ besgdsgdjass' Cb|emim è d|edggad km|adgd omemg |doeedsadg |d yqs` ed g `bs}sg }y be}s}~' |}g`}|dyqlèdsad dylg s}q}cmqlg c} e}gsgdysk ds~} mqkm|l~' \dyq stk cb|}3696 k% omglelol 446 436 ik besgdjass' \dyqs` dsdedggad =6 led :6 ik|be c ss d `s ekd esa ss ' I b` c}|}` hlamelèmsam lym |ms |ms cls qsd`qbs}g omy0mimol omglel`qm |be cssd`sjs' C}gedsd ledxm bedsd` è$2 xm le`cdjds d|edggad`l|bo}g |doe$2edsadg km|adgd omemg hd~ed y}|} d`s qkd` l|lg qdjel|m `dgdeLdg |dvljs '

Hlamel`qm bsodgl` o}csm |dgl jd|xdg o}csmylgamg cdy`d qlidsl o}csmems am `}e eds} e sgd`qdass ' B~meelèm qlidsl t}csmemsamg hbyhbs ib` bgmkelals'|}g`} hbyhbs adjd bgim am d|eèdgaeoe olcl% `b` qm$2m``}e} cd`s s s}gadgbgmkelals' C}g}g |ds}gad d~bq sgl`qdgs}g |}`ym` bekdsgdy> omsm`ls' Hd~ed d~bq ~d|g xm lgim abkdqmy hlamemslglg km|adgd omekmylgm gmamg be}s'


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ABKDQMY \MQL! QLS LI L ELO L

Jdqqd c} d~bq} amgomemkm` lieg cls kl`qds vbqdy ledxm malekmelals' Vbqdy/lg Lvey`lg hlam meam malekmylgm |dsassgil bea}t} }g}q}ekdkd}als' L

Qlidsl o}csmemsl ledxm malesgly xm bsq}ek} hlam |dyqsèdggad qbj}k |dqdtskg be}yq}s}esgdyq lieg bsodgl` t}csm|m ejql|disss}~ xdsals' Hlam |dyqlèdggad `}e edgdidtss s}~ bsodgl` o}csm |dgsky besgdjass' Hlam jdsil bedsdòmgmeelèm |dg |dg|d |dgsky djss o}csmyl xm amsm `}k} `dgyssk `}eeds}js' Hlam jdsisgad q}~e}e}` vsbcemkl besgdkdesass' C} ad b~meelèm djss o}csmylgam xm q}~e}e}` mq`lyl hd~ed bedg o}csmemsem dyk t}csmemsgm ybg}i}km|adgd omemclels' C} gmamgemsamg abed|l bsodgl` o}csmkl~am y}ad msl|mclels q}~eds a}y}` bsdgedsad besgdjass' Cd~> `bgymsxm hdcsl`dedggad l`l` sy ss g |dg ss}y o}csm xm cls `sylk `}kadg lcdsmq `dgy lk jdsm bedsd` `}eeds}ekd`qdals' Jdsm% |dyqsèdgg }~mslgm 4 3 ik `deegjoegad ymslels' Omgmeelèm 4sg/he` cls hlamel` eilg 4=36 ò jdsm |mqmselals'

Jd~lsedgdg c}|dyqstsss}~k }~msl bsq]emclels xm yqmslel~dy|bgd jd~ss cls a}s}kadass ' Qbj}k m`lklgamg 39 jdhqd bgim

yqmslel~dy|bg |dvqekdjass' Yqmslel~dy|bg adjd bgim disèdgast> olcl `lk|dyde kdaamems lem |dvljs'

Hlamel` jdsikad0 cd~l `bgymsxmhdcsl`dedskad l`l èyek |dgke%

o}csm xm cls `syqk `}kadg lcdsmq`dse%ek jdswbedsd` `}eeds}ekd`qdals'

\dyqltk}~ qbj}k m`lklgm jd~qsals' Qbj}k m`lkl hlam|l qdsed|d al`mimolkl~ ~dkdgd amole% d|s} ~dkdgad qbvsd` y lid`jtkd ad cdoee besgd`+qdass' Qbj}k}g iekemgkmyl lilg qbvsd` ysid`jtkk 4:33 I bekdyl lyqmgls' Vsdql`qm lym boem yddqemsl jdsqm y}cdq d|kad c} yeidèeoe c}esgdss}~ jms~dkdg k}sg`}g amoleals'

C} gmamgem l`l% }m0>o}g |dvledg bei}sgemsam qbvsd` yeid`joe 4= amsmim/|l c}e}|bsyd m`lk |dvl}s' Qbvsd` yeidèeoe 46I glg deqlgad bea}o} ~dkdg `mylgel em m`lk |dvsekdsgdesals'

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sg//|m m`lemmm` qbj}k sgl`qdg 39 osdk be sgdjass ' @mylgelèm c} amomsemslg deq xm }yq yls}sedggd is`sesgdkdesass' Xmslemmm` ylsd dsdyl bei}emslgm yobsm qbj}kedgg m`lemimtl |dqd`% |d 50l~ol gsskèdg |d ad me sgds`bs} lem lydsmsemgls'

Aloms bgmsgh cls `bg} ad qbj}k}g gm ~dkdg m`lemimteals' Qbj}k m`lkl k}qed`d `damkmel |dvsekdjals' T}g`} `damkmel cls m`lk lem hdcsl`dedgg `dkvdg|d abgmsgemsl d|dsedgsgd`qdass' Glydg ybg} xm|d Kd|sy d|>lilgam hlam al`lkl |dvledid`yd mg om50 y}cdq d|q ybg}gad m`lk |dvsesgdesass' M`lkam mg d~ 1 `damkm c}e}gkdjass' C} `damkmems b|em bedclels>

M`lk Qdsljl M`lemim` Qbj}k Kl`qdg4' @damkm 363= Y}cdq -3=3' @damkm =46 Kdsq -969' @damkm 4=36 Kdsq -961' @damkm 3=96 Kdsq - 4=

Xmslemmm` ylsd dsdyl kmydhmemslgm cdoee bedsd` qbj}kedgg m`lemimtl|dqd`% 50l~ol qqsss}èdg lem cmelsemgls' Jms yssd|d :6 446 damq qbj}k mylqdsdesèdsed m`lekmelals' Adjd ybgsd qbj}kedgg }~msl 44%= mk `dekjtkadxm yqmslel~m malesgly jdsied 8sq}e}s' Y}~tmiel `bxd xm|d y}~tmiel jbsq}ked%qbvsd` |}~m|lgl cb~kd|dmd` |}k}ydèl`qd% d~ y} lem }~}g y}sm y}eds}s'Y}edkds}g }~}g ~dkdg y}smylgam |dv}sgdys s}g ymcmcl% |dyqstk jms qdsdhsgd mylq kl`qdsad xm |mqmsel amslgeetm `dads y}edgkdylk ydtedsgd`qss'Qbj}k m`lklgam yssd dsdyl 464= mk bekdjass % Bsqdedkd 43 mk |mqmselals' Qbj}k m`lkl |dvledg ylsdeds abt}cdql |bg}gam be sgdjass ' Cb|emim hlamemslg jms l`l qdsdh ad o}gmqmg mylq kl`qdsad |dsdsedgss}y be}s'

D50e` |dyqs` edsad c} lyemsgemsamgybgsd aloms cd`ssg lemsl |mslgm omqlslels' @dvd` |dyqsèdsad m`lk lyemkemsl d|sg bekdèd cmsdcms% m`lk bgimylgam deid` vedyql` q]gmelmslg qmylyl omsmèlals'

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Omgmeelèm m`lk |dyqsèdgs}g mgl 446 mk% cb|} 4: k/als' Q}gmelg |}`ymèlol ?= mk besgd`qdass' Cb|em cls |dyqs` lolg 336 mk mglgam xm 36 k cb|}gad vedyql` 8sq} `}eeds}ess'

Vedyqltm amyqm` bedmd` ] ymèlgam i}c}èdsd omsm`ylglk xdsals' C}gedgg }~}ge}t} 3'86 k% `deegeeoe : kk xm doeseeoe lym 4'= ò/ ass' 4: k}~}ge}t}gad`l q}gme lilg 4< damq amkls i}c}` `}eeds}ess' Amkls i}c}t}g}~ms lgm gd|ebg bsq} omolslels' 8sq} omolsleal`qmg ybgsd l`l }m}gd jde`d `d|gdqsess' Gd|ebg bsq}g}g }~}ge}t} 3 k% doeseeoe lym 86 os/ ass>

ABKDQMY \MQ L w Q L S L I L E L O L

Q}gmelg jms l`l cdysgd id`lekd` }~msm 446 mk cb|}gad =z= mk/ el` 3damq `d~l` xm amkls jde`dedsadg omolslemsm` vedyqeteg q}qq}s}esgdyss} ydted|dg 436 k/ el` gd|ebg lv *4 ò, `}e eds}js%

Qbj}k m`lkl xm y}edkdedsadg ybgsd |dyqlèds jmkmg `dvdqsjs 'Hlamems qbvsd` |}~}gm il`qs`qdg ybgsd ad y}edkdedsd b~mg tbyqmsle

kmelals' le` l`l |dvsd`j amxsmam omsmèl ym|smeqkmems lem dsd idvdy> |dvsels'Ym|smeqkmemsam jms ylsdad =6?6 hlam cssd`sjs% Moms abkdqmy qbj}k} |mslgm cdgq xm|d `dvedgs s}y abkdqmy qbj}k} `}e ed s} edid` be}syd% c} ym|smeqkm lyemkegeg |dvlekdykd omsm` |b`q}s' T}g`} jms yssd|d lyqmaltlsgl~damqqm abkdqmy qbj}k}g} m`kmkl~ k}sg`}ga}s'

Hlamel`qm d|s} ~dkdgad `8èmgkm|l qmyxl` mqkm` dsgdil|ed jd~ssedgdg jdsm% yssd dsdedggd `dvd` bedsd` dqsjs' C} amxsmamg ybgsd abkdqmyhlamemsl js~j cls ym`leam tmelyesems' C} amxsmam jdyqdj` xm ~dsdsjeds ad bsqd|d il`dclels' C} gmamgem |dyqsèdslg jdxdedgakesgdyl k}qed`d |dvlekdjals' Cb|emim jmk hlamems jdyqdee`qdg `bs}g}s jmk am hlamems cb|d `disgdadg c}|}s xm vly`lg hlam meam malekly be}s' Abkdqmy |mqlyqlseilemgke~ y}g}ib` l|l clekmelalsems `l% hlam amxsmylgam l|l |mqeysgly clsabkdqmy hlamyl qdsedad cl~m adjd l|l }s}g xmsls'

Hlamelèmsam clq`lems :46 mk cb| deasèdg ~dkdg cdyedgtliqd |dxdy%adjd ybgsdedg lym% adjd }~}g cls y}sm jdxdedgalgjs' Qdsed|d al`lkamg

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ILHQILMLQLKYMSeye 3:

bgim lym% hlamelèms mg d~ cls jdhqd y}sm lem bsq}ekm~ems% Cb|emim hlamemslgqdsed|d }|}kedg ydtedgss}y be}s' Hlamems qdsed|d al`lekmamg cls oBg bgimy}eds}s' Cb|emim hlamel`qmg `bèms$ ~dsds obskmamg is`dg e s s}y be}s' Hlamemshlamel`qmg k}sg`}g bea}t} `dads ydcdj yddqemslgam yb`}ekmelals' Jdyqdeq``}y`}k}~ xdsyd% hlamems yb`}sgamg ybgsd qmsiljmg ^lgmc limslylgm cdqkekdjas s % \des}~ cdqkedgledij y} `b` ymxl|mylglg }~msegm i q`kdkdjas s ' Hlamems c} led|ee y} liegam `dydeds lem clsel`qm 1= ad`l`d cmèmqlels' C} ^lgmcLl y}|d cdgskd lem hlam `bèms[ kdgqdsl jdyqdjèdsd `dsy> ad|ds}ès e s` `d~ds}s% TBg`B yb`}sg mygdykad km|adgd omemg |dsdedsadg% `bvdg `bèmsamg% kdgqdsl mghm`yl|bgedgg clq`l|m c}edysgdyl `bed| bekd`qdass%

Yb`}sgamg al`lkm `dads om|mim` bedg y}sm eimsqy egam hlamemsam `bèmslg omelmimol `syssg lem hlamemslg B~msl ly ed` i}xdeeds lem bsqBLBs' :6|emimhlamemslg ybesgdkdyl |dgl alsl `dekdyl ydteds}s'

Qdsed|d al`lkam |l|m` cdoedke abkdqmy hlamemsl `}q ed s} e sgdkdesas s 'TBg`Bc} olcl hlamemslg qdsedad omelkmemsl am ib` |dxdy bedid`qss% Jdqqdc} olcl hlamems qdsedad cba}s `dekd`qd xm xmslkemsl am a}ysgm`qmals%

DwL lem \mqeyqeseieee`Ybg |leedsad b~meelèm ymsd |mqlqlslilelolgam gmkdqba xm kdgqdsl jdy

qdesèdsd `dsyq ad|ds}`j |dcdgl hbskeds B~mslgm `BL_sabkdqmyemslglg hlamemsl dysedgkd`qdass% :} dsgdied |dcdgl hbskeds dgdi bedsd` `}eeds}esgd`qdass ' Dgdi xm `}eq}s imylaeglg hlamemsl |dèdys` bedsd` `}sy}g `demk `dekjoege deaeTL ~dkdg aleilèl Lgolel~ dysyl |dvsels' Dysedgsky hlamemslg q}q}v q}qsgdasèdg 144 oBg ybgsd cmeel be}s' DL q}qsg}yyd dgdik }yq `lyss}% `demklg am deq `sysk `mylels' :6|emim jdyqdeq` xm|d ~dsdsj|d `dsyq ad|ds}`j clsHlam meam mqsgey be}s}~' C} kmqbq bsqB deqe |mqlqlslilelol lilg omomselals' TBg`} c} dysj abkdqmy hlamemsl gbskde abkdqmy Hlamemslgm gd~dsdg =8 `dqadjd vdjdelass' :}gadg abed|l dil`qd |mqlyhlseilel`qm vm` `}eedkesgd ydgylc}t}g lieg c}e}gsgdkd`qdals'

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ABKDQMY \ M Q L ! Q L S L I L E L O L

Abkdqmy Hlamemslglg Mydy'\msemslgm Al`lekmylAbkdqmy% lèlkl }|o}g bedg |msemsam le`cdjds xm ybgcdjds bekd`

}~msm |}ad l`l `m~ |mqlqlslealol jdeam% cd~ l |msemsam am le`cdjds abg qmjelmyl `de`qs`qdg ybgsd al`lk |dvledsd` |sead cls `m~ |mqlyqlsqekm`qmaes'

Abkdqmy hlamemsl |dèdyl` bedsd` 4=36 ik cb|edgasèdg ~dkdg% omgmeelèm al`lkm jd~ssass' Obxamyl cls `}sy}g`demk `dekjtkd |d`kals' Hd~ed yd|sad `b`xm |dvsdèdsd ydjlv bedg Hlamemslg |dvsd`ydvedg `b|} |myle% obxam kbs smgèl xm obxamglg deq `sy s sg edggad `}o}` lel ems xdsass ' ^d\eh% }~}g% cba}s xm jdyqde s`j hlamems yb`}sgamxm|d al lkam dq s ekdjass '

Al`lk le`cdjds abg qmjel`mylglg qdkdkmg`de`qeoe% qbvsd` xm jdxd yeid`leoe 434= I /|lc}ea}t} ~dkdg |dvsjs ' Al`lk ~dkds}gad % lèlk ydsqedggd cdole bedsd`% cbetmemsm xm kl`sbèlkdedsd obsm hds`leleèds obs}eBs' Al`lk ~dsgd s} omgmeelèm |dyqs` edsd qbj}k m lklgamg |d` edy l` bedsd` =+8 jdhqd ybgsdass ' C} y}sm hlamemslg |mqlqlol |dyqs` qlvlgm obsm `sydekd`qd xm|d }~d|dclekm`qmals' Abkdqmy hlam al`lkl Lo Dgdabe} cbetmy egam s gd|ly /k l e jdhqdykadg ybgsd bea}t} jdeam% Yd`ds|d xdalylgam 39 Glydg/ adg ybgsda l s %Dàmgl~ cbetmyegam Dgqde|d/ad 36 !}cdq/qdg ybgsd% eime/am Kdsq cdykadglqlcdsmg% Mom cbetmy lgam 4= Kdsq/qdg ybgsd% Kdskdsd cbetmy lgam Glydgad% @dsdamgl~ cbetmy lgam Ydky}g/ad Glydg bs qdykadg ybgsd% O}gm|abo} Dgdabe} cbetmy lgam am glydg b sqd ykadg ybgsd ass%

Abkdqmy |mqlqlslilelolgam yssd dsdyl xm yssd }~msl dsdleèdg% imyqaeg YLg` xm|d |ms be}y}gd% c}|}sgm xm |d|lesgd `}wmqlgm% qbvsd` b~meelèmslgmxm cd` sk ly em sqg eg meem xm|d sgd`lgmee bedsd` |dvs e sgdysgd obsm amolls'

]e`mkl~am }|t}edgdg kdy}sd ylyqmkl |mgyq q s sgmim% imyeaeg cB|Bkm1=


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45/80

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A BK DQ MY \ MQ Lw QLS LI LE LO L

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48/80

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C}adkdDy`s|d dekdg ylg` abkdqmyemslgam `delqmel }s}g meam mqkm` lieg c}ad

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49/80

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50/80

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DkcdednDkcdedneds qdylkd y}smylgim abkdqmyem "

sl l|l cls a}s}kad q}qdid` glqmee`qm qdjqd%k}`dxxd xm|d cdy`d kdqms|deamg jd

=9


51/80


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kdkdjals' Dsgcdednedsgdad amslg lyqlh |dvsekdkdjass' Amelèl dkcdedn `}eedgdsd` omsmèl jdxd yls`}edy|bg} ydtedgsgdjass' ]|o}g amvbedkd yqmd`LLoe% abkdqmyemslg beo}ge}` amsmimemsl lem amvbedkd xm adtsq}g yBsmemslgmcdoee besgd qdass'

?'=+:'6 A I / am abkdqmyems cdydgel cls ym`leam 46 oBgamg hd~ed q}q}edclelsems' !d|mq bsdgyde gmk - :=/qmg |}`dg be}syd omgmeelèm |myle `}h omeeymceesgm`qmals'

Abkdqmy }e`mkl~am ib` omglcls }smqlil `lqemyl% jdqqd dsgdqbs }smqlilems qdsdqkadg mg ib` cmglkymgmgcls ymc~mals'

@lsd~% imxl~% clcms xm `dsv}~ olcl qdgkyde% clelgyme xm yby|de mq`lgel emsm `bg} malekm qmals'


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A BK DQ MY \ MQL!QLS LI LE LO L

YMSDAD ABKDQMY \MQl


53/80

I LHQI L MwLQLK YMS eye 3:+

ABKDQMY ClQ@lylGlG M@BEBNl@ lYQM@EMSlYLID@Ee@>

Ymsdad Abkdqmy Clq`lyl%Ib` 4e`qd% ib` ysidès` '''

* D~ 4e`qd d~ ylidès` lyqms'

Abkdqmy sj` xm yqmd` lèlkymc~mylals' Bsqdedkd 36 3=I+y lid`j` lyqms' Abkdqmy qbj}k}g}gil sgqmgsgmyqgam mg }|o}g jdxd xmqbvsd` ylidèeol 36 33 #I/als'

I lsg emg sgm abgmk lgam ylid`j` 46 #I /g lg d eqsg ad bekd sg djass' Qbj}kedsil sg emgev% `bqlemabg *i ls g , | dvs d èd g s} g clsclslgamg d|gjv |dqd| a}s}k des gdykd `dads ylid`j` ydclq q}q}ekdjass' C}g adg ybgsd`l o}gemsam qbvsd`ysid`jokk 4=48 #I % jdxd ysid`jt lkg lym o}ga}~ 4:36 #I ' omim4341 #I bekdyq clq`l li lg mg }|o}g ysid` e s` edsass ' Le Ilim` yde`}k qdyedoe be}y}sg} c} ydqjdadas s '

Abkdqmyemsam o}ga}~ lem omim yeidèeoe dsdykad 8 : I/el` cls Yei d`j` qd s`l c} l}gk dys% jmk i li m` emg km|l js~ed gak s jmk am clq`lglg c}+|}sgm xm tme eykmyegl be}ke} |bgam mq`lems' Hlamems `}i}``mg omim o}ga}~ ylid ès` qd s`l d~ bekdee% hlamems c}|}a}ìm c} hds` ad c}|}km}bls '

Al lkamg ybgsd% sy l` edgkdgk l|l bea}t} amxsmemsam mg }|o}g yqmd`+Le` 3? 96 I/als' e y l` edgkds}g d~ bea}o} amxsmemsam ysid`j` ad a}>00}` 64+sgdjas s ' 4>00e y laamq eglg d~deaeoe ~dkdgedsad |}`ym` ylid èsèd sadg `di ss} e+sgde sass ' D`yl jdeam clq`lems ~d|s q omel>00ls% }~}g% omx>00m` c }| }sg m tb yqmsls em sxm Ilim` yde`skedg l|l b e}ydsgd~ %

Abkdqmy clq`lyl ib``syd cls sg}aamq abgkdgb`qdyl ilxdggd `dadsad|ds}syd ad ymsd yqmd`+LLoe 46 #I/glg deqkd vmà}y}s}esgmkmeeaes' ]~}g

Ylid`j` a}~m|l abkdqmylg yde`lkwmèlglam mq`lemkm`qmals' A}w}`ysid`gèdsad ceemye` yde`qsg%

'|}`ym` ylid`jèdsad cdylq yde`lkwmèlkm|adgd omekm`qmals'


54/80

ABKDQMY \ M Q L w Q L S L I L E L O Ly}sm c} yss}gg deqkd a}ymsym tmeeykyay a}sdèdkd be}s' Ymsd ysid`jtq9= I/glg }~mslgm am is`dsqsesgdkdjass' 46 I/glg deqkad xm 9=I/glg }~mslgam jms gm `dads clq`lemslg |dydsgedg y}sym am xmslkelel` d~djs% TBg`BI0lim` qbsg}si}t} qmym``}e} a}s}s% abeemgsgm d~dels |d ad bekd~% be}ydgkm|xmems lym lyqmgmg cB|BèBoBdedkd~'

Abkdqmy% yeidèeok |ds}gad 4eoe ad ymxmg cls clq`lals' Abkdqmylgtme lysgmyegam ysidèl` xm 4e`dsdykad cls leol xdsals' Ylid`Le` 4e` amgomyl l|l ydo edgkd esass' # I b` 4e` ib` yqmd `+Le`0 d~ 4e` d~ ysid`j`# `}sdjjd qssadg i s`d g esg d sg d esass '4e` ylaamqegqg d~deast> abgmkemsam |B`ym` yqidè s` eds +adg `dis s} e sgd~yd clq`lems ~d\ e h tmelyes'

Ymsde'sad clq`lemslgymxalol ylid`j` dsdjoe46I lem 9=I dsdykadamolkm`qmals'

LwL@>

JDXD BSDGYDEGMKlYmsd abkdqmy |mqlyqlslil

elolgam jdxd bsdgyde gmklglgb~me cls bgmkl xdsass' Jdxdbsdgyde gmklglg - ?6 bekdyl

9: I46I

Ymsdad qbvsd` yqmd`+LLoe lym cmelsel cls aB~m|ambesgdjals' 4= I/glg deqsgda}ykmsgme l xm 9 6 I/glg}~ms lgm il`kdsgdjaqs'


55/80

abkdqmy lilg ib` }|o}ga}s' C} a}~m|am`l bsdgyde gmklg c}e}ga}t} clsbsqdkad absgdqmylg tmeeykmye xmkm|xm be}y}sg} }|}k lilgam be}s'

A844mgkm - ?6 :6 bsdgydegmkam ib` l|l besgd`qdass' \des}~ c}gmk bsds} ydclq besgdsgdj% -=6 lem :6dsdykad amolkmelals' Ymsdad yqmd`+Le` a}yq}`iy gmk |}`ymels' Dyk gmkLl bsqdkad ilim` qb~edg jdsm`mq mamkm~ xm c} gmamgem am a8elmgkm 64kd~' Yqmd` ymsdedsad lym gmk omgmeel`em a}y}`q}s% C} a}s}kad clq`lemslgy} `}eeds}ss} dsqds% ybekd qmjel`mylabods xm ilim` yle kmemsl o8s}e}s'

QBVSD@>Abkdqmy qbvsd` cd`s s s}gadg Ymsdedsad`l |mqlyqeslilel qm #qm` }s}g# xm #ilhq }s}g# 64

kd` }~msm l`l ym`leam |mqeyqlslilel` |dvsekd`qdals' Qm` }s}g|mqeyqlseieeqtl0 cls ymsdad cls' |sead cls amqd }s}g |mqlyqlslekmylals' C} |mqlyqlslilql` adjd


56/80

w w+E*R ABKDQMY \ MQLwQ LS LI LE LO L

ib` idk ymsdedsad xm kl`sbèlkd |msemsam`l vedyql` ymsdedsad |dvlesgd`qdass' Cdydgj cls abkdqmy

|mqlyqlslileltl |dvdclekm`lilg % bgimelèm |mqlyqlssgmabgmklgm }|o}g imylqemsymilekmelals' @}xxmqel omelymg% xmslkel% jdyqdelèdsd ad|ds}ès% `delqmel km|xmemsl bedg% |mqlyqlssgm ab

gmklgm obsm a}y}` |d ad |}`ym` YL

Ymwqlolgl~wmwlqdkdilk~d xm|mqlwqlskm abgmsgege~m}|o}g

bey}g'

idèlèdsad ad xmslkel xm `delqmel }s}gxmsmg% l| xm ae vd~ds lyqmèmslgm }|o}g imylqemslg ymilsglgm b~mg obyqmslekmelals'

QBJ]K M@lKl>Qbj}k m`lk ~dkdg L bedsd` om

gmeelèm ddoead`l qdsljems bgmslealoljdeam0 vd~ds a}s}k}gd% |mqlyqlssgmdsgdikd xm |mqeyqqslemg imyeam obsmamollèlèms am yb~ `bg}y} bedclels>

Qm` }s}g |mqeyqlslileltlgam mg }|o}g qbj}k m`lk ~dkdk M|e}e cdyedg M`lk/ lg le` jdhqdyq dsdylass'

Ybgcdjds |mqlmqeslileltlgam mg}|o}g qbj}k m`lk ~dkdg L Qmkk}~ybg} Do}yqby bsqdedg dsdysals' ]sm

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57/80

I LH Q I L M O LQ LK Y M S LY L + 3 : +

qlilemslkl~lg vm` s0>bo} omgmeelèm adjd ms`mg qbj}k m`lkl |dvkd`qdass'Adjd ms`mg |dvledg qbj}k m`lkemslgam % omsm` dyk ylid`jèds xm omsm`ym xls}y qdys|sisyq bedg cm|d~ ylgmèms gmamgl|em ybgcdjds |mqlqlslilelolsly` deqsgd olskm`qmals'

ee`cdjds |mqlyqlsqileltlgam qbj}k m`lkl% ybgcdjds }s}g}g}g yb`}esgmylglg a}}g}eaBo} qdsljm obsm 4= @dy}g 4= Dsdee` dsdylgad |dvl}s'

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m`lklgm am ommleklqls' Yeèqkeke jdsm cebèdggd% ymsq vedyql` xm|d yqsdhbsadg |dvlesky clsemyl` hlam `dvedggd kd`lgm lem qm` qm` qbj}k m`lels'


58/80

ABKDQMY \M Q L ! Q L S L I L E L O L

HlAM !D!LSQKD XM CD@LK>Abkdqmy qbj}kedg `dyded

sd m`leal`qmg ybkd% ybgcdjdsacgmklgam = ? oBgam% qm`

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sdeme a}s}kd omealol ~dkdgl|l cls |mqlwqlslilel ydoj`j

hlamemsem cdyeds%ass ' !desqkdadg cgim `dydedsad`l hlamems y}ed

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84


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emalol yddqemsam |dvsjs' !d$R2esqeedg hlamemslg }~msl obeomemgls xm hlamems c}|}a}ìm c} obeomemkm `damkmel bedsd` `deakjs'

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Hlam |mqlyqlslemim` bedg ymsdad qbvsdtk }~mslgm lgim cls vedyql` 8sqBymslelv% hlam `dvedg c} bsq}g}g B~mslgm ys sd edgkdjas s ' Cb|eyim hlamemslgymsd qbvsdtlgd `b` ydesgdedg mgomeemgls' \b`yd% al`lk lilg hlam `dvedg `deakjs`mg `bèms ~dsds o8sBs'

Qm` BsBgxm le`cdjds |mqlyqlslilelèmslgam hlamems adjd ym|sm` y}edgkdjass ' Hd~ed y}edkdeds `bèmsl jdxdyl~ cl sd`ss xm ybt}` q}qds' C} abgmkemsam hlamemslg |dvsdèdg clsclslgm amokm|m cdyed|kid% moms jmg}~ al`lekm|mimèmsym hlam `dvedg dsdedgkdjals `l adjd l|l sys` edgsgd xm jdxd abedylsk bey}g'

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60/80

Al@lK>AB KDQM Y \MQLH LSLILE LOL

Hlamems |mqlyqesqels`mg cls |dgadg ad al`lk jd~ssjèdg |dvsjs ' Ymsd qbvsdtq dgdel~ mqqlslels xm dgdel~ ybg}m}gdobsm omsmèl qdcdg o}csmemsl xmslels' Al`lk bgimyl y}edkd ~dsgds}s} l|l qd|lg mqkm` omsm`ls' Al`lkam qbvsdtkqdxq l|l be sgdjass ' Ybgcdjds abgmklgam qbvsd` qdxq adjd doesmd q}q}ekdjass'

Al`lk% `}~m| t}gm| |bg}gam xm olhq ylsd al`lkylyqmklgm obsm |dvljs' Al`lk bei}emsl% olhq yssd eds dsdyl Al`lkamg ybgsd qbvsd` qdxd omelgmm a}~ idvd |dvsjs' Clq lemslg `bèm

sl |}~em` omelqlol eilg omsm`yl~ xm amslg idvdedkdadg `diks ekdjas s ' Amslg idvdedsgd tmelykm|l |dxdyedqq st> tlce% ~mamemgmg `bèmsamg jdyqdel` mqkmgemslglg am clq`l c}g|mylgm olskmylgm ymcmv bedclels'

Qm` }s}g xm le`cdjds |mqlyqlslilelèmsqgam al`lk ybgsdyl |dvledg a}~ idvdadg ybgsd kdem vedyqltl im`lekmeeals' C} l lilg 6'63 ksg `delgeloegad`l

89


61/80

I LHQI L MO LQ LK YMS eye 3:

lgim ymqqdq vedyqlèms `}eeds } q s s % Vedyqltlg clq`l }~msegmomemg `lyskedg |ssqsjs xmclq`l c}sdadg asydg|d |e

`dsqsjs' Kdeiedkd% o}gm mgmsnlylgamg hd|adedgdsd` qbv sd tl sysqsg d s} g mg`bed| xm mg m`bgbkl` |be}a}s' Kdeiedsgd lem ymsd gmkl am a}*ns}ea}o}l|lg% |}`ym` gmkamg `d|gdèdgdg jdyqdesèdsd `dsyq ib` bgmkel cls `}eqBsml qmaclsals'

@Lwxm l4`cdjds |mqlwqlslilelolgamwmhhdhvedyql` kdem `}eedgk'

lVM DEKD + C]ADKD>Ymsdad |mqeyqlslemg imylqems ylg` imylqems bea}t} lilg% lvm ydsalsdsd` ab

kdqmy clq`lemslgm amyqm` xmslekmyl omsm`ls' Idvdedsgd xm kdeiedsgd lemklgamg ybgsd clq`lems lvm djs}s xm omsmèl c}adkd lyemkemsl |dvljs%

Abkdqmyqm c}adkdeds% `beq}` *hlel~, dekd% |dvsd` dekd xm qmvm *}i ,dekd ymèlgam |dvsjs '

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ABKDQMY\MQLQLSLILELOL

@beq}` dekd> \dvsd` ydvl lem obxam dsdykad`l y}so}gemslg dqkkdysa l s ' C}gedsclq`lamg cmylg kdaamyl im`lv~d|sqedqql edg lieg `bvdgekdedg omil`qlslekmkmelals' Jdxdedgg ymslg olqqlol d|edsad jdhqdad cls d eksgdyq|mqmsel|`mg% y sid` es èd s d s qql` id jdhqdad l`l amhd d eksgdjas s '

Xdvsd` dekd>\dyj% jdyqdj`j xmhl~|bebnl` bedsd` jd|dql|mqemslgl `d|cmqsgey |dvsdèdggd eksgdysas s % Cb|emim clq`lemsam adjdl|l jdxdedgkd xmsylèdgkd ydtedgkd`qd% aloms cd`ssgeyemsegeg |dvsekdyl`bed|edykd`qdal s'\dvsd` dekd% ~dkds} l|l ydvqds}v |dveeaeokad |dsdsee cls eyemsgals' D`yl jdeam |dsdsj 64kd`qdg il`ds% \dvsdèds % b~}kemkm kdaamemsl }smqev c}g Ldg km|xmemsmobgamsalèmsl lIlg% omsmolgamg hd~ed |dvledg dyk |dvsd` djss} lyqmgkm|mgybg}iedsd ymcmv bedclels' \d44|dvsdèdgg ddoeadg |}`dg|d abts} `damkmel bedsd` d ekkdyq |dsdsee bekd`qdaqs ' Bgimelèm jdydqd omekl bedgle` yde`qsgd `dads `l |dvsdèds djsgs % Adjd |}`dgad`l yde`lkeds ad jdydqbet}ge}t}gd omealìm |dvsd` dekd `damkmel bedsd` |dvljs' \dvsd` dekkdykad al``dq malemim` cls j}y}y ad |dvsd` ydvls}g cls `syss}s}g obxam}~mslgam cs sd`}kdkdysas s ' C} ydvedgg obxam }~mslgam i s`kg bedsd` cesd`sekdyl ybg}i} lemslam jdyqdel` mqkmgemslglg tmelykmylgm }|o}g bsqdk

C}adkd\L ab~}gad xm~dkdgkad |dveg% dykel`qdg`dikk%

8=


63/80

ILHQILMOLQLKYMSeye 3:+

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gm% qbvsdtsg |dvsykd % y}edkd ylyqmklgm xc' obsm d|dseds}s'

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Amgomel cls tmelysgm lieg% km|xm be}y}gid|d `dadshd~ed y}edkdedsadg sg}sg`}g bea}t}gid `diss}esgdjass'Qm` }s}g xm le`cdjds |mqlyqlgilelèmsqgam hd~edid |dvledgy}edkdedsad ymsdad be}ydg |}`ym` gmk xm lysèdgkds}g d~ besgdyl gmagl|em clq`lemsam |}sg}yd` c}|}sgmemsbe}s' Clq`lems% xmomqdqlh tmeeysgm amalolkl~ dyk |dvsdèexm d~ km|xmel tmelysgm|m |8gmels' @8èms `}wmqel omelkm idcdyl o8yqmskm~ems xm qmsgcmeemylsems' Dgl o}gmelo}gemsam clq`lems ybeo}ge}` cmelsqlemsl o8yqmslsems' ^d|sqomelmg `8èms % o}gmel o}gemsam qmsemkm|m |ds}q xmsmkm~ems xm tmililybet}ge}td gmamg be}seds' Hd~ed qbvsd` gmkl% qbvsdt> ybt}` ad q}qq}t}lilg clq`lemslg hbyhbs djss} ad ~bsedyls' D|gid dysg qbvsd` gmkl jdyqdjèdgg ad dsqsylgd ymcmv be}s' Le` a844mslgbe}y}sg}gadg xm clsd~ eslemysgmyegamg ybgsd y}edkd ab~} % jdxd xm ymsd ydsqedggd o8sm dsqqkjs'

Ybgcdjds |mqeyqlsqieeetegam lym |}`ym` ysidèl` xm a}}` glyvl gmk gmamgl|em clq`lems adjd hd~ed y} `d|cmamsems' Clq`lems hd~ed y}y}~ clsd`sjsydybekd qmjel`myl abtds xm ilim` yle`kmemsl o8s}e}s' Ib` dyk y}edkdeds adclq`lglg dysg cb|edgkdykd% |dvsdèdgkdykd |be dods xm ilim` yde`lkedg l|l be}ysgd~' C}sdad }smqlilglg cleol xm qmis}cmyl 8gmk `d~ds}s'

Clq`lglg y} lyqmol o8yqmskmylglg cmelsqlemsl yb|emals> Clq`l }iedssgad o8xam lgimels% o8xam `b|}edyls% |dvsdèds vdsed` |mle

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