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Domains of Learning,
Learned Capability Verbs,
and
the A-B-C-Ds of Writing Performance
Objectives
Lloyd RieberGregory Clinton
University of Georgia
Assembling Performance Objectives: A Tried-And-True Recipe
Let’s begin with three of Lloyd’s
“refrigerator slides.” These should be quite
familiar to you now:
(Note: I have added some clarifying details to Lloyd’s version of the Learned Capability Verbs slide.)
Learning Outcomes: Gagne’s Domains of Learning
• Verbal Information– Verbatim learning– Non-verbatim learning– Substance learning
• Intellectual Skills– Problem-solving– Rule-using– Defined concepts– Concrete concepts– Discriminations
• Cognitive strategies
• Affective• Psychomotor
Learning Hierarchy
Clearly identifying learning outcomes(“Learned Capability Verbs”)
• (Cognitive Strategy)
• Problem-solving
• Rule-using
• Concepts (defined)
• Concepts (concrete)
• Discriminations
• Verbal information
• Affective
• Psychomotor
(Originate)
Generate
Demonstrate, predict
Classify, identify
Classify, identify
Discriminate
State, list, recite, summarize
Choose (to)
Execute
A good way to start identifying goals is with: “The learner will be able to (LWBAT) generate/demonstrate/classify/identify…”
IntellectualSkills
(Instructional designis best suited
for these.)
Courses and Units
LEA
RN
ING
HIE
RA
RC
HY
Domains of Learning Standard “Learned Capability Verbs”
Assembling Performance Objectives:A Tried-And-True Recipe
Now, referring back to the last three slides, let’s
break down the meaning of Lloyd’s little jingle,
starting with the “Audience”:
Assembling Performance Objectives:A Tried-And-True Recipe
Audience
Someone has to BAT!Just like in baseball …
In the “sport” of writing Performance Objectives,
“TO JUST ‘KNOW’ IS A NO-NO,
TO ‘UNDERSTAND’ IS TOO BLAND,
TO ‘DO’ IS NOTHING NEW,
BUT TO ‘BAT’ IS WHERE IT’S AT!!”
(It’s better to Be Able To do something, now and later, than to just know about it, or just to barely do it once by the time a lesson is finished!)
Who will BeAbleTo…?So …
Assembling Performance Objectives:A Tried-And-True Recipe
LWBATSWBAT
(whoever)WBAT
LearnersStudents
Trainees OR Mixing machine operators
Sales managers
Fifth grade students
Middle school math teachers
SWBAT (Students Will Be Able To …)
Audience
Assembling Performance Objectives:A Tried-And-True Recipe
Ok, that was the Audience. Now for the
Behavior …
Assembling Performance Objectives:A Tried-And-True Recipe
Audience
SWBAT
etc.
Behavior
Remember …
In Instructional Design an objective is a Performance objective.
Even if your instructional goal is about a “topic” rather than a “task,” you still need for learners to perform some observable behavior that shows they learned what you are trying to teach them!
(This can even take the form of a multiple choice quiz, for example, if you don’t have any better alternatives.)
Assembling Performance Objectives:A Tried-And-True Recipe
Audience
SWBAT
etc.
Behavior
And …
For the “Behavior” part of the objective, there is a vital piece included with it: the “Learned Capability Verb.”
Dr. Rieber’s rhyme mentions Learned Capability Verb at the end of the rhyme, but the intent is to remind you to include it with the Behavior.
Assembling Performance Objectives:A Tried-And-True Recipe
Behavior
And furthermore …
Learned Capability Verbs have agreed-upon meanings in ID.
So, decide which one is right for each objective (according to the Domains of Learning) …
and use them!
Follow each Learned Capability verb with an ACTION and the resulting product or performance created by that action (the OBJECT). Taken together, that’s the BEHAVIOR!
Thus …
Audience
SWBAT
etc.
Assembling Performance Objectives:A Tried-And-True Recipe
generate, by taking a certain ACTION, a specific PRODUCT or PERFORMANCE (at the problem-solving level of intellectual skills)
demonstrate, by taking a certain ACTION, a specific PRODUCT or PERFORMANCE (at the rule-using level of intellectual skills)
identify, by taking a certain ACTION (e.g., by pointing), a specific set of items (at the concepts level of intellectual skills)
etc.
BehaviorAudience
SWBAT
etc.
SWBAT identify, by circling, all the polygons. Example:
Assembling Performance Objectives:A Tried-And-True Recipe
Ok, we’ve done the Audience and the
Behavior. Now for the Condition …
Assembling Performance Objectives:A Tried-And-True Recipe
Behavior Condition
Under what conditions do you want learners to perform this show-you-that-they’ve-learned-it behavior?
What materials will be available to them as they perform this task?
Usually, the Condition part of the objective goes at the beginning.
generate, by taking a certain action, a specific product or performance (at the problem-solving level of intellectual skills)
demonstrate, by taking a certain action, a specific product or performance (at the rule-using level of intellectual skills)
identify, by taking a certain action, a specific set of items (at the concepts level of intellectual skills)
etc.
Audience
SWBAT
etc.
Assembling Performance Objectives:A Tried-And-True Recipe
Given (the necessary materials),
Audience
SWBAT
etc.
Behavior
generate, by taking a certain action, a specific product or performance (at the problem-solving level of intellectual skills)
demonstrate, by taking a certain action, a specific product or performance (at the rule-using level of intellectual skills)
identify, by taking a certain action, a specific set of items (at the concepts level of intellectual skills)
etc.
Condition
Assembling Performance Objectives:A Tried-And-True Recipe
Condition
Given (the necessary materials),
Behavior
generate, by taking a certain action, a specific product or performance (at the problem-solving level of intellectual skills)
demonstrate, by taking a certain action, a specific product or performance (at the rule-using level of intellectual skills)
identify, by taking a certain action, a specific set of items (at the concepts level of intellectual skills)
etc.
Audience
SWBAT
etc.
Assembling Performance Objectives:A Tried-And-True Recipe
We’ve now done the Audience, the Behavior,
and the Condition. Finally, the Degree …
Assembling Performance Objectives:A Tried-And-True Recipe
Given (the necessary materials),
Degree
Is there a certain level of performance your learners need to achieve? (To complete at least a certain number of items, or respond with 80% accuracy, etc.)
generate, by taking a certain action, a specific product or performance (at the problem-solving level of intellectual skills)
demonstrate, by taking a certain action, a specific product or performance (at the rule-using level of intellectual skills)
identify, by taking a certain action, a specific set of items (at the concepts level of intellectual skills)
etc.
Condition BehaviorAudience
SWBAT
etc.
Assembling Performance Objectives:A Tried-And-True Recipe
Given (the necessary materials),
- at a minimum of X completed items
- with 80% accuracy
- etc.
generate, by taking a certain action, a specific product or performance (at the problem-solving level of intellectual skills)
demonstrate, by taking a certain action, a specific product or performance (at the rule-using level of intellectual skills)
identify, by taking a certain action, a specific set of items (at the concepts level of intellectual skills)
etc.
Condition Behavior Degree (if appropriate)Audience
SWBAT
etc.
Assembling Performance Objectives:A Tried-And-True Recipe
Here is the sequence again …
Assembling Performance Objectives:A Tried-And-True Recipe
Given (the necessary materials),
Condition
Assembling Performance Objectives:A Tried-And-True Recipe
Given (the necessary materials),
Condition Audience
SWBAT
etc.
Assembling Performance Objectives:A Tried-And-True Recipe
Given (the necessary materials),
generate, by taking a certain action, a specific product or performance (at the problem-solving level of intellectual skills)
demonstrate, by taking a certain action, a specific product or performance (at the rule-using level of intellectual skills)
identify, by taking a certain action, a specific set of items (at the concepts level of intellectual skills)
etc.
Condition BehaviorAudience
SWBAT
etc.
Assembling Performance Objectives:A Tried-And-True Recipe
Given (the necessary materials),
generate, by taking a certain action, a specific product or performance (at the problem-solving level of intellectual skills)
demonstrate, by taking a certain action, a specific product or performance (at the rule-using level of intellectual skills)
identify, by taking a certain action, a specific set of items (at the concepts level of intellectual skills)
etc.
Condition Behavior Degree (if appropriate)Audience
SWBAT
etc.
- at a minimum of X completed items
- with 80% accuracy
- etc.
Assembling Performance Objectives:A Tried-And-True Recipe
Given (the necessary materials),
generate, by taking a certain action, a specific product or performance (at the problem-solving level of intellectual skills)
demonstrate, by taking a certain action, a specific product or performance (at the rule-using level of intellectual skills)
identify, by taking a certain action, a specific set of items (at the concepts level of intellectual skills)
etc.
Condition Behavior Degree (if appropriate)Audience
SWBAT
etc.
Given pictures of 12 geometric figures, SWBAT identify, by circling, all the polygons.
Example:
- at a minimum of X completed items
- with 80% accuracy
- etc.
Assembling Performance Objectives:A Tried-And-True Recipe
The “recipe” one last time:
Assembling Performance Objectives:A Tried-And-True Recipe
The End!
A final disclaimer:
This is not the only “correct” way to write performance objectives.
But it’s a MAINSTREAM approach that will serve you well.
Assembling Performance Objectives:A Tried-And-True Recipe