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- 1 -
Chng 1
MM UU
1.1 MMCC CCHH CCAA LLUUNN VVNN
Lun vn ny nghin cu l thuyt m, t ng dng vo thit k h thng iu
khin m cn bng con lc ngc quay theo phng thng ng trong khi phn a quay
di chuyn trong mt phng nm ngang theo tn hiu iu khin.
1.2 CCUU TTRRCC CCAA LLUUNN VVNN
Lun vn c chia thnh cc chng nh sau:
Chng 1: M U
Gii thiu s lc v l thuyt iu khin m, nu mc ch ca lun vn v cu
trc ca lun vn.
Chng 2: L THUYT IU KHIN M
Gii thiu mt s khi nim c bn ca l thuyt m, mt s php ton trong l
thuyt m v gii thiu v h thng iu khin m cng mt s c im, phng php
thit k b iu khin m.
Chng 3: M HNH CON LC NGC QUAY
Tm hiu v cu to vt l, m hnh ng hc v m hnh ca con lc ngc quay
trn Simulink ca MatLAB.
Chng 4: THIT K B IU KHIN M CHO CON LC NGC QUAY
Thit k b iu khin m iu khin cn bng con lc ngc quay theo phng
thng ng, m phng trn MatLAB.
Chng 5: KT LUN V HNG PHT TRIN
- 2 -
Chng 2
LLYY TTHHUUYY TT II UU KKHHII NN MM
2.1 GGIIII TTHHIIUU
Trong cuc sng hng ngy chng ta lun i din vi nhng thng tin khng r
rng, nhng g chng ta gii quyt hu nh khng y , chnh xc, hay khng c bin
gii r rng. V d nh mc cht lng trong bnh bao nhiu l thp ngi iu khin
ng m van cho hp l, nu nhit cao th tng cng sut my iu ha, H thng
nh phn, trng en r rng ca my tnh khng th gip gii quyt cc vn ny. Nm
1965 ca th k XX, gio s Lofti A. Zadeh Trng i hc California - M a ra
khi nim v l thuyt tp m, da trn mt nhm s khng chnh xc gii quyt cc
vn m h. Sau cc nghin cu l thuyt v ng dng tp m pht trin mt cch
mnh m.
Tp m v logic m da trn suy lun ca con ngi v cc thng tin khng chnh
xc hoc khng y v h thng hiu bit v iu khin h thng mt cch
chnh xc. iu khin m chnh l bt chc cch x l thng tin v iu khin ca con
ngi i vi cc i tng. Do vy, b iu khin m thch hp iu khin nhng
i tng phc tp m cc phng php kinh in khng cho c kt qu mong mun.
2.2 II UU KKHHII NN MM
Trong nhng nm gn y, l thuyt logic m c nhiu p dng thnh cng trong
lnh vc iu khin. B iu khin da trn l thuyt logic m gi l b iu khin
m. Tri vi k thut iu khin kinh in, k thut iu khin m thch hp vi cc i
tng phc tp, khng xc nh m ngi vn hnh c th iu khin bng kinh nghim.
c im ca b iu khin m l khng cn bit m hnh ton hc m t c tnh
ng ca h thng m ch cn bit c tnh ca h thng di dng cc pht biu
ngn ng. Cht lng ca b iu khin m ph thuc rt nhiu vo kinh nghim ca
ngi thit k.
V nguyn tc, h thng iu khin m cng khng c g khc so vi h thng iu
khin t ng thng thng khc. S khc bit y l b iu khin m lm vic c t
duy nh b no di dng tr tu nhn to. Nu khng nh vi b iu khin m c
th gii quyt mi vn t trc n nay cha gii quyt c theo phng php kinh
in th khng hon ton chnh xc, v hot ng ca b iu khin ph thuc vo kinh
nghim v phng php rt ra kt lun theo t duy con ngi, sau uc ci t vo
my tnh da trn c s logic m. H thng iu khin m do cng c th coi nh
- 3 -
mt h thng neural (h thn kinh), hay ng hn l mt h thng iu khin c thit
k m khng cn bit trc m hnh ca i tng.
B iu khin m c th dng trong cc s iu khin khc nhau. Sau y l 2 s
iu khin thng gp:
iu khin trc tip
B iu khin m c dng trong ng thun (forward path) ca h thng iu
khin ni tip. Tn hiu ra ca i tng iu khin c so snh tn hiu t, nu c sai
lch th b iu khin m s xut tn hiu tc ng vo i tng nhm mc ch lm sai
lch gim v 0. y l s iu khin rt quen thuc, trong s ny, b iu khin
m c dng thay th b iu khin kinh in.
iu khin thch nghi
Cc quy tc m cng c th dng hiu chnh thng s ca b iu khin tuyn
tnh trong s iu khin thch nghi. Nu mt i tng phi tuyn thay i im lm
vic, cht lng iu khin tt th thng s ca b iu khin phi thay i theo.
Hnh 2.12 l s iu khin thch nghi vi b gim st m (fuzzy supervisor).
Hnh 2.11: iu khin m trc tip
Hnh 2.12: iu khin thch nghi m
2.2.1 Cu trc b iu khin m
B iu khin m c bn c ba khi chc nng l m ha, h quy tc v gii m.
Thc t trong mt s trng hp khi ghp b iu khin m vo h thng iu khin cn
thm hai khi tin x l v hu x l. Chc nng ca tng khi trong s trn c
m t sau y:
2.2.1.1 Khi tin x l
Tn hiu vo b iu khin thng l gi tr r t cc mch o, b tin x l c chc
nng x l cc gi tr o ny trc khi a vo b iu khin m c bn. Khi tin x l
c th:
- 4 -
- Lng t ha hoc lm trn gi tr o.
- Chun ha hoc t l gi tr o vo tm gi tr chun.
- Lc nhiu.
- Ly vi phn hay tch phn.
B iu khin m c bn l b iu khin tnh. c th iu khin ng, cn c
thm cc tn hiu vi phn, tch phn ca gi tr o, nhng tn hiu ny c to ra bi
cc mch vi phn, tch phn trong khi tin x ly .
Cc tn hiu ra ca b tin x l s c a vo b iu khin m c bn, v cn
ch rng cc tn hiu ny vn l gi tr r.
2.2.1.2 B iu khin m c bn
M ha
Khi u tin bn trong b iu khin m c bn l khi m ha, khi ny c chc
nng bin i gi tr r sang gi tr ngn ng, hay ni cch khc l sang tp m, v h
quy tc m c th suy din trn cc tp m.
H quy tc
H quy tc m c th xem l m hnh ton hc biu din tri thc, kinh nghim ca
con ngi trong vic gii quyt bi ton di dng cc pht biu ngn ng. H quy tc
m gm cc quy tc c dng nu th, trong mnh iu kin v mnh kt lun
ca mi quy tc l cc mnh m lin quan n mt hay nhiu bin ngn ng. iu
ny c ngha l b iu khin m c th p dng gii cc bi ton iu khin mt ng
vo mt ng ra (SISO) hay nhiu ng vo nhiu ng ra (MIMO).
Phng php suy din
Suy din l s kt hp cc gi tr ngn ng ca ng vo sau khi m ha vi h quy
tc rt ra kt lun gi tr m ca ng ra. Hai phng php suy din thng dng trong
iu khin l MAX-MIN v MAX-PROD.
Gii m
Kt qu suy din bi h quy tc l gi tr m, cc gi tr m ny cn c chuyn
i thnh gi tr r iu khin i tng.
2.2.1.3 Khi hu x l
Trong trng hp cc gi tr m ng ra ca cc quy tc c nh ngha trn tp
c s chun th gi tr r sau khi gii m phi c nhn vi mt h s ty l tr thnh
gi tr vt l.
Khi hu x l thng gm cc mch khuch i (c th chnh li), i khi khi
hu x l c th c khu tch phn.
- 5 -
2.2.2 Phng php thit k b iu khin m
Khi thit k b iu khin m, chng ta ch mong mun c b iu khin cho kt
qu chp nhn c ch khng phi kt qu tt nht. Mt khc, nh trnh by
mc 2.4.5, bi ton n nh ca h thng iu khin m vn cn l bi ton m. V
vy ch nn s dng b iu khin m khi kt qu iu khin bng cc phng php
kinh in khng tha mn yu cu thit k.
Rt kh c th a ra c phng php thit k h thng iu khin m tng qut.
Mt b iu khin m c thit k tt hay khng hon ton ph thuc vo kinh nghim
ca ngi thit k. Mc ny ch a ra mt s ngh v trnh t thit k mt b iu
khin m.
Cc bc thit k b iu khin m:
- Bc 1: Xc nh cc bin vo, bin ra (v bin trng thi, nu cn) ca i tng.
- Bc 2: Chun ha cc bin vo, bin ra v min gi tr [0,1] hay [-1,1] sau ny
c th lp trnh d dng bng vi x l (8051, 68HC11, 68HC12,).
- Bc 3: nh ngha cc tp m trn tp c s chun ha ca cc bin, v gn cho
mi tp m mt gi tr ngn ng. S lng, v tr v hnh dng ca cc tp m tu thuc
vo tng ng dng c th. Mt ngh l nn bt u bng 3 tp m c dng hnh tam
gic cho mi bin v cc tp m ny nn c phn hoch m . Nu khng thoa mn yu
cu th c th tng s lng tp m, thay i hnh dng.
- Bc 4: Gn quan h gia cc tp m ng vo v ng ra, bc ny xy dng c
h quy tc m. Bc ny c th thc hin tt nu ngi thit k c kinh nghim v cc
quy tc m thng dng, v cc pht biu ngn ng m t c tnh ng ca i tng.
- Bc 5: M ha tn hiu vo , thng cc tn hiu vo c m hoa thnh cc tp
m c dng singleton.
- Bc 6: Chn phng php suy din. Trong thc t ngi ta thng chn phng
php suy din cc b nhm n gin trong vic tnh ton v p dng cng thc hp
thnh MAX-MIN hay MAX-PROD.
- Bc 7: Chn phng php gii m. Trong iu khin ngi ta thng chn
phng php gii m tha hip nh phng php trng tm, phng php trung bnh
c trng s
- 6 -
Chng 3
MM HHNNHH
CCOONN LL CC NNGGCC QQUUAAYY
3.1 MM TT
Con lc ngc quay gm hai phn:
- a quay c iu khin bi mt ng c DC c trc theo phng thng ng.
Nh vy, a quay trong mt phng vung gc vi phng thng ng.
- Hai con lc c gn mp a quay, i xng vi nhau qua tm a quay.
Hnh 3.1: M hnh thc con lc ngc quay
Sau y l m hnh h thng con lc ngc quay:
Hnh 3.2: M hnh con lc ngc quay
- 7 -
vi:
: Lc qun tnh ngoi tc ng vo a quay
: Gc quay ca a quay
1: Gc lch ca con lc th nht so vi phng thng ng
2: Gc lch ca con lc th hai so vi phng thng ng
3.2 MM HHNNHH NNGG
Ta dng hm Lagrange xc nh h phng trnh ton hc. Hm Lagrange c
nh ngha l s sai lch gia ng nng v th nng.
= K U
vi: : Hm Lagrange
K: ng nng ca h
U: Th nng ca h
Hm Lagrange c vit nh sau:
iFW
dt
d
iii qq
q
(3.1)
vi Fi, qi, W tng ng l cc tng lc, h ta suy rng v nng lng tiu hao.
ng nng:
Tng ng nng ca h l:
222211222211202
1vmvmJJJK (3.2)
vi v1, v2 l vn tc ca con lc th nht v th hai.
21112
1
2
111
2
22
2
11
2
0 )(2
1)(
2
1)sin(
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1 lmLmlmJJJK
22222
222
2
2
2
2221111 cos)(2
1)(
2
1)sin(
2
1cos LlmlmLmlmLlm
(3.3)
Th nng:
Th nng ca 2 con lc c tnh nh sau:
U = m1gl1cos1 + m2gl2cos2 (3.4)
Nng lng tiu hao:
Nng lng tiu hao ch yu l do ma st:
- 8 -
222211202
1 cccW (3.5)
T phng trnh (3.3), (3.4) v (3.5), ta c th vit hm Lagrange li nh sau:
21112
1
2
111
2
22
2
11
2
0 )(2
1)(
2
1)sin(
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1 lmLmlmJJJ
22222
222
2
2
2
222111 cos)(2
1)(
2
1)sin(
2
1cos LlmlmLmlmLml
(3.6)
T (3.1) v (3.6), ta c h phng trnh ng hc nh sau:
0
0
3
2
1
2
1
333231
232221
131211
p
p
p
ppp
ppp
ppp
(3.7)
Trong :
22222
22
2
11
22
11011 sinsin LmlmLmlmJp
11112 cosLlmp
22213 cosLlmp
11121 cosLlmp
211122 lmJp
p23 = 0
22231 cosLlmp
p32 = 0
222233 lmJp
22
22222
2
2201
2
11111
2
111 sin)2sin(sin)2sin( LlmlmcLlmlmp
111111122
112 sincossin cglmlmp
222222222
223 sincossin cglmlmp
Ta dng ng c DC iu khin a quay, do vy tn hiu iu khin chnh l
in p. Ta c
R
KK
R
VK bmm
(3.8)
V vy:
- 9 -
0
0
'
'
'
3
2
'
1
2
1
333231
232221
131211 V
R
K
p
p
p
ppp
ppp
pppm
(3.9)
vi:
)(sin)2sin(' 012
11111
2
111R
KKcLlmlmp bm
22
22222
2
22 sin)2sin( Llmlm
111111122
112 sincossin' cglmlmp
222222222
223 sincossin' cglmlmp
3.3 MM HHNNHH CCOONN LLCC DDNNGG SSIIMMUULLIINNKK
T (3.9), ta c:
)(
'
22
2
1333
2
12332211
332213322
pppppppR
pppppVpKm
(3.10)
22
1221
'
p
pp
(3.11)
33
133
2
'
p
pp
(3.12)
Ta dng (3.10), (3.11) v (3.12) lp m hnh con lc dng Simulink Toolbox ca
MatLab.
Hnh 3.4: M hnh ca con lc ngc quay trn Simulink
- 10 -
3.5 CCCC TTHHNNGG SS VVTT LL
Cc thng s vt l ca con lc ngc c xc nh nh sau:
Thng s K hiu Gi tr n v
Moment qun tnh ca a quay J0 0.06 kg.m2
Moment qun tnh ca con lc th nht J1 0.008 kg.m2
Moment qun tnh ca con lc th hai J2 0.002 kg.m2
H s ma st ca a quay c0 0.004 N.m/s
H s ma st ca con lc th nht c1 0.0031 N.m/s
H s ma st ca con lc th hai c2 0.00088 N.m/s
Khi lng con lc th nht m1 0.25 Kg
Khi lng con lc th hai m2 0.13 Kg
Khong cch t khp ni n trng tm ca
con lc th nht l1 0.24 M
Khong cch t khp ni n trng tm ca
con lc th hai l2 0.13 M
Bn knh a quay L 0.172 M
Gia tc trng trng g 9.8 m/s2
Hng s moment quay ca ng c Km 0.005 N.m/A
Hng s sc in ng ngc ca ng c Kb 0.001 N.m/A
in tr phn ng ca cun dy R 2
- 11 -
Chng 4
TTHHII TT KK BB II UU KKHHII NN MM CCHHOO
CCOONN LL CC NNGGCC QQUUAAYY
Yu cu ca ta l thit k b iu khin gi thng bng con lc th nht dng
ng, con lc th hai th nm hng xung t, tn hiu t chnh l v tr ca a quay.
Ta chn s iu khin trc tip, ngha l ta so snh v tr ca a quay vi tn hiu
t iu khin sao cho sai lch gia 2 tn hiu ny gim v 0, trong khi vn
phi gi thng bng cho cho con lc th nht ng thng v con lc th hai nm hng
xung t.
B iu khin ca chng ta c dng MISO (Multi Inpur Single Output: nhiu ng
vo - mt ng ra).
4.1 CCHHNN CCCC BBIINN VVOO RRAA
Ta chn 6 bin ng vo:
- sai lch gia tn hiu ch v v tr ca phn a quay ().
- Vn tc gc ca a quay ().
- V tr ca con lc th nht so vi phng thng ng (1).
- Vn tc gc ca con lc th nht (1).
- V tr ca con lc th hai so vi phng thng ng (2).
- Vn tc gc ca con lc th hai (2).
i vi ng ra, ta ch cn chn 1 ng ra, chnh l tn hiu iu khin ng c lm
quay a quay ca h con lc (V).
Tp c s ca cc bin ph thuc ch yu vo phn cng, da vo mt s phng
php xc nh tng i cc tp c s ny, ta chn nh sau:
- sai lch gia tn hiu ch v v tr ca phn a quay (): [-8 8] (rad).
- Vn tc gc ca a quay (): [-10 10] (rad/sec).
- V tr ca con lc th nht so vi phng thng ng (1): [-/12 /12] (rad).
- Vn tc gc ca con lc th nht (1): [-2 2] (rad/sec).
- V tr ca con lc th hai so vi phng thng ng (2): [-/5 /5] (rad).
- Vn tc gc ca con lc th hai (2): [-5 5] (rad/sec).
- 12 -
- Tn hiu iu khin ng c lm a quay (V): [-600 600].
Hnh 4.1: Thit lp cc bin vo ra trn FIS Editor ca MatLAB
4.2 CCHHUUNN HHAA TTPP CC SS CCAA CCCC BBIINN VVOO RRAA
Ta cn chun ha cc tp c s ca cc bin vo/ra v min [-1 1], ta c cc gi
tr li ng vi cc bin vo ra:
- i vi : 8
11 g
- i vi : 10
12 g
- i vi 1:
123 g
- i vi 1: 2
14 g
- i vi 2:
55 g
- i vi 2: 4
16 g
- i vi V: 6007 g
- 13 -
4.3 CCHHNN TTPP MM CCHHOO CCCC BBIINN VVOO
V nguyn tc, s lng cho mi bin ngn ng nn nm trong khong t 3 n 10
gi tr. Nu s lng t hn 3 th c t ngha, cn nu ln hn 10 th con ngi kh c
kh nng bao qut. Ta chn 3 tp m (gi tr ngn ng) cho mi bin vo: N, Z v P.
Cc tp m ny c phn hoch m trn tp c s chun ha v hm lin thuc c
dng tam gic v chn hm lin thuc dng tam gic khng nhng lm cho php ton v
sau tng i n gin m cn ng thi c th kh nhiu u vo.
Hnh 4.2: Cc tp m ca
Hnh 4.3: Cc tp m ca
Hnh 4.4: Cc tp m ca 1
Hnh 4.5: Cc tp m ca 1
Hnh 4.6: Cc tp m ca 2
Hnh 4.7: Cc tp m ca 2
4.4 CCHHNN TTPP MM CCHHOO BBIINN RRAA
Ta chn 9 tp m cho bin ng ra: N4, N3, N2, N1, Z, P1, P2, P3 v P4. y ta
chn 9 tp m nhm lm cho gi tr ng ra c mn mng hn.
Hnh 4.8: Cc tp m ca V
- 14 -
4.5 XXYY DDNNGG TTPP LLUUTT MM
xy dng tp lut m, ta xt tng trng hp, chng hn nh sau:
- Nu gc lch ca con lc th nht so vi phng thng ng (c chiu hng ln) l
00, gia tc gc ca con lc th nht bng 0; gc lch ca con lc th hai so vi phng
thng ng (c chiu hng ln) l 1800, gia tc gc ca con lc th hai bng 0, v tr
ca a quay nm ng v tr cn t, vn tc gc ca a quay bng 0 th ta khng phi
kch hot ng c. Nh vy lut m s c vit nh sau:
Nu (=Z) v (=Z) v (1=Z) v (`1=Z) v (2=Z) v (`2=Z) Th (V=Z)
- Nu gc lch ca con lc th nht so vi phng thng ng (c chiu hng ln) l
00, gia tc gc ca con lc th nht bng 0; gc lch ca con lc th hai so vi phng
thng ng (c chiu hng ln) l 1800, gia tc gc ca con lc th hai bng 0, v tr
ca a quay lch mt gc m so vi v tr cn t trong khi vn tc gc ca a quay
bng 0 th ta phi kch hot ng c quay ngc li mt cch chm ri bm theo v tr
cn t. Nh vy lut m s c vit nh sau:
Nu (=N) v (=Z) v (1=Z) v (`1=Z) v (2=Z) v (`2=Z) Th (V=N1)
- Nu gc lch ca con lc th nht so vi phng thng ng (c chiu hng ln) l
00, gia tc gc ca con lc th nht bng 0; gc lch ca con lc th hai so vi phng
thng ng (c chiu hng ln) l 1800, gia tc gc ca con lc th hai bng 0, v tr
ca a quay lch mt gc dng so vi v tr cn t trong khi vn tc gc ca a quay
bng 0 th ta phi kch hot ng c quay thun mt cch chm ri bm theo v tr cn
t. Nh vy lut m s c vit nh sau:
Nu (=P) v (=Z) v (1=Z) v (`1=Z) v (2=Z) v (`2=Z) Th (V=P1)
- Nu gc lch ca con lc th nht so vi phng thng ng (c chiu hng ln) l
mt gc dng, gia tc gc ca con lc th nht m; gc lch ca con lc th hai so vi
phng thng ng (c chiu hng ln) l 1800, gia tc gc ca con lc th hai bng 0,
v tr ca a quay ng v tr cn t trong khi vn tc gc ca a quay ln hn 0 th ta
khng phi kch hot ng c quay. Nh vy lut m s c vit nh sau:
Nu (=P) v (=N) v (1=Z) v (`1=Z) v (2=Z) v (`2=P) Th (V=P1)
Ta c ln lt xt cc trng hp xy dng tp lut m.
- 15 -
Hnh 4.9: Cc lut m c bin son trn MatLAB
Hnh 4.10: Mt iu khin gia V vi v
Hnh 4.11: Mt iu khin gia V vi 1
v 1
4.6 CCHHNN PPHHNNGG PPHHPP SSUUYY DDIINN
Ta chn phng php suy din MAX MIN.
4.7 CCHHNN PPHHNNGG PPHHPP GGIIII MM
Ta chn phng php gii m trng tm (Centroid) v phng php trng tm c u
im l c tnh n nh hng ca tt c cc lut iu khin n gi tr u ra . Tuy
- 16 -
nhin, cng thc tnh ton ca phng php ny tng i phc tp, iu ny lm nh
hng n tc iu khin.
\4.8 MM PPHHNNGG BBNNGG MMAATTLLAABB
4.8.1 S iu khin
S iu khin con lc ngc quay dng Fuzzy Logic chy trn MatLAB nh sau:
Hnh 4.12: S Simulink m phng h thng iu khin con lc ngc quay dng
Fuzzy Logic
4.8.2 Cc p ng ca h thng
Hnh 4.13: p ng ca phn a quay
i vi tn hiu xung vung
Hnh 4.14: p ng ca con lc th nht i
vi tn hiu xung vung
- 17 -
Hnh 4.15: p ng ca con lc th hai
i vi tn hiu xung vung
Hnh 4.16: p ng ca a quay i vi tn
hiu sin
Hnh 4.17: p ng ca con lc th nht
i vi tn hiu sin
Hnh 4.18: p ng ca con lc th hai i
vi tn hiu sin
4.8.3 Chng trnh m phng
y l chng trnh m phng h vi mt s tn hiu iu khin c bn nh sng
vung, sng sin.
Giao din chnh ca chng trnh m phng nh sau:
Hnh 4.19: Giao din chng trnh m phng
- 18 -
thc hin m phng, ta chn kiu tn hiu t ti chn Hm tn hiu, nhn
nt Start m phng chuyn ng ca h.
Cc hm tn hiu iu khin:
- Hm sng vung.
- Hm sng sin.
Khi thc hin m phng, trn mn hnh s th hin s chuyn ng ca a quay v
chuyn ng ca hai con lc. Bn cnh , chng trnh cng v li dng sng ca cc
tn hiu sau:
- Hm mc tiu (mu tm).
- V tr ca a quay (mu xanh dng).
- V tr ca con lc th nht (mu xanh l cy).
- V tr con lc th hai (mu ).
Ngoi ra, ta cng c th a nhiu vo h thng qua chn Nhiu. y, ta xt 3
trng hp:
- Nhiu tc ng ln a quay.
- Nhiu tc ng ng thi ln a quay v con lc th nht.
- Nhiu tc ng ln c h (a quay v 2 con lc).
Hnh 4.20: Giao din ca chng trnh m phng khi hm mc tiu l dng sng vung
v c nhiu tc ng trn ton h
- 19 -
Chng 5
KK TT LLUU NN VV
HHNNGG PPHHTT TTRRIINN
5.1 KKTT LLUUNN
Vi mc tiu tm hiu v Fuzzy Logic thit k h thng iu khin h con lc
ngc quay bng Fuzzy Logic, ni dung lun vn cp n cc vn sau:
- Tm hiu v l thuyt iu khin m.
- Tm hiu h con lc ngc quay.
- ng dng l thuyt iu khin m xy dng b iu khin gi cn bng cho h
con lc ngc quay.
- Xy dng chng trnh m phng chy trn MatLAB.
T nhng vn trn, chng ta rt ra c mt s kt lun sau:
- Khi thit k b iu khin m, ta khng cn bit m hnh ton hc ca i tng,
m ta ch cn bit nguyn tc hot ng ca i tng v mt nh tnh m thi. Trong
ti ny, ta tm hiu m hnh ng hc ca h con lc ngc quay ch m phng
xem p ng ca h thng iu khin.
- Cht lng ca b iu khin m ph thuc hon ton vo suy lun ca ngi thit
k, da vo kinh nghim ch quan.
- Ta khng cn phi xy dng hon chnh cc lut m m ch cn mt lng nht
nh cc lut m cng c th thu c kt qu m ta mong mun. Nh lun vn ny,
vi 6 ng vo, mi ng vo c 3 bin ngn ng th b lut m phi l 36 (729) lut
nhng ta ch cn 129 lut th b iu khin cng p ng c yu cu..
5.2 HHNNGG PPHHTT TTRRIINN
lun vn ny, ta thit k h thng iu khin h con lc ngc quay bng Fuzzy
Logic bng m hnh iu khin trc tip.
pht trin ti, ta c th dng cc m hnh iu khin Fuzzy Logic khc nh
m hnh iu khin m thch nghi, hoc chng ta s dng cc b iu khin thng minh
khc nh neural network