DOG What are the names of

the two oceans that touch the U.S.?

CHAPTER 18THE WESTERN FRONTIER

Section 1- The Mining Booms

Pike’s Peak or Bust Gold found here in 1885

Lodes Rich streaks

of ORE sandwiched between layers of rocks

Ore

Rocks that contain minerals

What was the Comstock Lode?

The streak of silver found in Nevada

Comstock Lode Found on

the Carson River in Nevada

Henry Comstock Owned a

share of the claim

Sold it for 11,000 and 2 mules

Boomtowns Towns

that grew overnight around mining towns

Virginia City, Nevada Site of the

Comstock Boomtown

Vigilantes

Citizens acting as a judge, jury, and executioner

Ghost Towns

Deserted Boomtowns

The Railroad Grew

between 1865 and 1890

The Government paid them to build tracks

Subsides

Financial aid from the government

Transcontinental Rail Line A train that

could connect each coast

What are the names of the two coasts in the U.S.?

Atlantic, and Pacific

Railroad CompaniesUNION PACIFIC CENTRAL PACIFIC

What are the 4 time zones called?

Eastern Central Mountain Pacific

Chapter 18 Section 2

Mexico and Texas Settled by

the Spanish

Longhorns Cattle

found in Texas

Tough enough to survive the desert and heat

Open Range

Not fenced or divided into property lots

Where were the cow towns located and Why?

Near railroads so that the cows should be shipped east to bigger cities

Vaqueros

Hispanic ranch hands (cowboys)

Homestead Act Gave 160

acres of land to any settler who paid the filing fee

Homestead

Owning a piece of land because you settled it

Exodusters The

migration of freed slaves to the west

Sodbusters

Farmers on the plains

What is Sod?

Dry Farming Planting

seeds deep in the ground where there is some moisture

Boomers and Sooners Boomers

went to Oklahoma to claim free land

Sooners got there first

Chapter 18 Section 3 – Begin Reading

Chapter 18, Section III

American Story GALL CRAZY HORSE

Nomadic

People who follow their food

Plains Indian TribesOMAHA OSAGE CHIEF

BLACK DOG

Other Plains Indian Tribes

SIOUX COMANCHE

The Sioux Nation

Sioux Governing Council Worked

like a city council

Threats to the Buffalo The Indians

used everything

The Settlers shot them for fun

Reservations

Pieces of land set aside for the Indians

The Dakota Territory The lands

set aside for the Sioux Indians to live on

Bureau of Indian Affairs Was set up to

manage all the Indian tribes

Red Cloud Was the

leader of the Sioux warriors

The Minnesota Territory Where Red

Cloud and his warriors destroyed settler’s homes in 1862

The Lakota People Were the

original owners of the land where Mount Rushmore is today

The Bozeman Trail A route

used by gold miners to get through Montana

Crazy Horse Joined

Sitting Bull and the Cheyenne Warriors to attack Custer

Red Cloud and Crazy Horse

Leaders of the Sioux attacks on white settlers

Fort Lyon Where

several Sioux warriors surrendered to the Army

Chief Black Kettle Leader of the

Cheyenne who were attacked when they came in peace

John Chivington Led the

attack on Black Kettle and the Cheyenne

The Black Hills Located in

North Dakota Gold was

found here and men came onto Sioux land to get it

Sitting Bull Leader of

the Sioux Refused to

sell any land to U.S.

Battle of Little Big Horn When Sitting

Bull , the Sioux leader, and Crazy Horse , the Cheyenne leader, attacked and killed General Custer and his men

Lt. Colonel George Custer

Led his men to a massacre by the Cheyenne at Little Big Horn

Geronimo

The last of the Indians to surrender

Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce

“I Will Fight No More…..”

Dawes Act Forced the

Native Americans off of their land and made them become farmers

Wounded Knee The last battle

between the Armed forces of the U.S. and the Native Americans

Chapter 18 Section 4

National Grange

The first farmers association

Cooperatives Stores

where farmers bought products for each other

Populist Party

The party of the people

Free Silver

The unlimited production of silver coins

Grover Cleveland

Won the Presidential election of 1892

William McKinley Defeated

William Jennings Bryan in the election of 1896

The End