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NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC
Ron Benioff
International Program Manager , NREL
December 15, 2010
DOE Lab Biofuel Cooperation with
Developing Countries
Contents
Types of Collaborative Activities
Brazil
China
Colombia
India
Liberia
Russia
Sustainability Studies
National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future
Opportunities for USAID DOE Lab
Biofuels Collaboration
Analysis and Testing – supporting R&D and deployment goals
• Biomass resource assessment
• Biofuels feedstock analysis
• Sustainability and life cycle impact assessment
• Techno-economic evaluation of alternative biofuels synthesis pathways
• Testing and evaluation of enzymes, algae, and other organisms and
of fuel products and intermediates
• Evaluation of policy and deployment options
Technical Advice and Capacity Building
• Expert assistance with design and operation of pilot plants and design
of biofuel programs
• Training workshops on biofuels technologies, systems, and assessment
• Short and longer-term visits to labs and study tours
Brazil Biofuels
Overview
DOE/EERE-leads the Bilateral R&D
of the USG MOU (3/07) to advance
the next generation of biofuels led by
Dept. of State including:
• Regional Cooperation: to study, assist, &
promote biofuels development in third countries
• Global Standardization: to encourage commoditization of biofuels; global efforts
include sustainability issues
o MOU drivers were to increase energy security and diversity, redirection of imports of crude oil
expenditures for local development, and the possibility of replicating Brazil’s successful biofuels
program and energy independence in the Western Hemisphere.
Key Government Partners
Ministries of Science &Technology (MCT); Ministry of Foreign Relations (MRE);
Mines & Energy (MME) and Ministry of Agriculture (MAPA);
Research Foundation of the State of Sao Paulo (FAPESP)
Activities/Accomplishments
Biochemical Conversion Objective
• Improve comparability of biomass conversion technologies within
Brazil and between Brazil & US institutions while increasing the
robustness of US methodologies.
• Lignocellulosic biomass conversion takes more steps than sugar or starch crops to
release its components for analysis. Processing is difficult and chemical analysis takes 2
weeks, requires special training and well characterized reference materials for comparison.
Good analytical results lead to good biofuel cost data & vice versa
Many companies fail for lack of reliable information
• Joint analysis with Brazilian Petrobras’ research arm CENPES.
First comparison of their own methods on common Brazilian and US samples.
• NREL hosted 2 week-long short courses. 9 Brazilian researchers from 8 institutions
with a demo of comparative Petrobras/NREL study (9-10/2010).
http://ts.nist.gov/measurementservices/
reference materials/index.cfm
Many types of biomass
NREL methodology
adopted by the
American Society of
Testing and Materials
NREL led the preparation of the NIST Reference
Materials, the 1st
certification and the 2nd
(2010)
Training continues in FY11
• Experimental validation of methods in Brazil with NREL analyst in Brazil for a
week to assist in the design of the round robin analysis
• A Biomass Brazilian Analysis Network emerges from this collaboration
.
Analyze scenarios for ethanol production from cellulosic/field residues by
2020 Ethanol and higher alcohols (thermal) or ethanol and power (biochem)
Net minimum ethanol
selling price (MESP)
$1.25/gal close to
sugarcane ethanol in
Brazil.
Important for both US
and Brazilian industry
and other countries
that can produce
sugarcane as
confirmed by
US-Brazil CEO Forum
participants of NREL
site visit on July, 2010
Future work: Improve sugarcane refinery
model of Seabra’s thesis. NREL/CTBE
developing an open process model in Aspen
Plus to be shared with the community
6-mo Postdoc Fellow Joaquim Seabra at NREL
US-China MOU Cooperation for the Development of Biofuels• Negotiated and signed by USDOE, USDA, China NDRC in December 2007
• Lead partners China: PetroChina (CNP), SinoPec, CNOOC, COFCO, and FTE
• Lead partners US DOE: ANL, INL, NREL, ORNL, and PNNL
• Lead partners USDA: ARS, FAS, ERS
Feedstock Supply and Logistics• DOE (INL and ORNL) and USDA
collaboration with all Chinese partners
• Feedstock production cost factors, supply curves, supply system logistics design, equipment development, environmental impacts, sustainable agricultural practices for agricultural residuefeedstocks and selected energy crops
• Feedstock case study collaboration for selected pilot plants
China Biofuels Development Cooperation
China Biofuels Development Cooperation
Biochemical Conversion Joint Research NREL (lead) with Tsinghua University and PetroChina et al
Advanced solid state fermentation (ASSF) of sweet sorghum• Characterization of fermentation strains from China for the ASSF process
• Techno-economic analysis of wet vs. dry fermentation production processes
Cellulosic conversion of corn stover and sorghum bagasse to ethanol• Characterization of US strains for enzymatic hydrolysis on Chinese
feedstocks
• Cooperation to be expanded to additional areas
Thermochemical Conversion PNNL (lead) with Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics and CNOOC
Characterization and performance verification of new Co and Rh catalysts
Evaluation of distributed pyrolysis followed by gasification: proof of concept
Techno-economic analysis of distributed pyrolysis and gasification for synthesis of mixed alcohols
Algae Biodiesel and Green Diesel NREL (lead) with SinoPec and Chinese Academy of Sciences
• Prospecting and characterization of high-lipid content algae strains for biodiesel production
PNNL (lead) with PetroChina et al.• Hydrogenation of pyrolysis products to produce green diesel
• Green diesel from hydrotreated jatropha oil
Private Sector Partnerships Honeywell/UOP with CNPC
• Cooperation for producing green transportation fuels using Chinese Feedstocks
• Demonstration of UOP/Eni EcofiningTM process unit for production of green diesel
DuPont/PetroChina cooperation for cellulosic ethanol production
SinoPec/COFCO/Novozymes cooperation for cellulosic ethanol production
China Biofuels Development Cooperation
Colombia Pyrolysis Project
Project:
Analysis of pyrolysis conditions for sugar cane and oil palm residues
Partners:
• Oil Palm Research Center (CENIPALMA)
• Sugarcane Research Center (CENICAÑA)
• Colombian Petroleum Institute (ECOPETROL-ICP)
Project Goals:
• Support biomass-based cogeneration in the oil
palm and sugarcane industries
• Successfully convert residues from sugar cane
and palm oil production to bio-oil that can be
used as a refinery feedstock and biochar that
can be used as a carbon sequestering
amendment to improve the quality of the soil
Colombia Pyrolysis Project
Milestones Lead Timeline
Identification of
experimental parameters and
kinds of biomass for analysis
NREL and Colombia November, 2010
Pyrolysis experiments and
samples to NRELColombia January, 2011
Analysis of biomass, biochars
and bio-oil andNREL April, 2011
Visit of NREL scientist to
ColombiaNREL May, 2011
Visit of Colombian scientist
to NRELColombia June, 2011
Final Report NREL and Colombia July, 2011
India Biofuels
Overview
• The India Biofuels Collaboration initiative is led by DOE’s Office of
Biomass Program.
• The initiative is designed to support the biofuels development and
deployment activities in India through a program of collaborative
technical efforts.
• These efforts seek to energize and further develop the U.S.-India
relations under the bilateral Energy Dialogue, as well as the MOU on
Cooperation in the Development of Biofuels signed between U.S.
DOE and India’s Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE).
Key partners
• MNRE and its public-private sector Core Group on Biofuels
• Indian Oil Corporation (IOC)
• Indian Institute of Technology
Activities Technical assistance in the development of a cellulosic ethanol pilot
plant at the IOC’s R&D facility
Bio-chemicals and fuels from lignin:
• A collaborative project between NREL and IOC will explore pathways to
transform lignin material into higher-value transportation fuels (gasoline, diesel
fuel, and jet fuel), fuel additives, and chemicals
GM – DOE – CSMCRI collaborative effort towards jatropha-based
biodiesel development. The project is designed in two phases:
• Crop development/improvement (ORNL and Central Salt and Marine Chemicals
Research Institute (CSMCRI)
• Fuel testing (NREL and GM)
Joint DOE-MNRE workshop on advanced biofuels
• Spring 2011 at NREL or another DOE laboratory
• Topics include cellulosic ethanol, algae, green diesel
• Participants: U.S. and Indian policy makers, researchers, academics, and industry
representatives
Exchange visits of engineers and scientists
NREL hosted the Chairman of the IOC and
the Director of the R&D Center (July 2010)
DOE/NREL hosted an Indian visit from
industry and government (October 2009)
U.S. Mission to India with representatives
from DOE and national laboratories visiting
biofuels research institutions (Oct 2010)
Published LCA on Use of Jatropha Biodiesel
in the Indian Rail and Road Sectors:
http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy10osti/47462.pdf
Published “Resource Evaluation and Site
Selection for Microalgae Production in
India”:
http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy10osti/48380.pdf
Technical Exchanges and Joint Studies
Characterizing Biodiesel Base Stock, Processing Methods
and Combustion Properties for International Utilization
India Institute of Technology - Kanpur Argonne National Laboratory
Supporting the MOU between U.S. DOE-EERE and India Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE)
P.I. Prof. Avinash Agarwal
Indian feedstocks (Jatropha, Karanja, etc.) for
biodiesel fuels provided to Argonne
Compiled durability field evaluations with
Mahindra Scorpio SUV on B100. Similar
evaluations planned for U.S. type feedstocks
P.I. Doug Longman
Fuel Spray Studies of Indian feedstock
fuels using x-ray technique; model
correlation
In-cylinder combustion visualization
Particulate characterization
Diesel Biodiesel
Biomass Resource Assessment - Liberia
Funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development
(USAID) under the Liberia Energy Assistance Program
(LEAP)
Estimate the biomass resources currently available in
Liberia that could be collected in a sustainable manner for
power generation and transportation fuels production:
Agricultural resources (food and cash crop residues,
animal manure)
Forest resources (logging residues)
Urban resources (MSW)
Evaluate expansion of key biomass resources in Liberia
(oil palm, coconut, and sugarcane) and the potential of
Jatropha Curcas as an energy crop
Discuss socio-economic and environmental implications of
biomass resource development in Liberia
More information available at:http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy09osti/44808.pdf
Cooperation with Russia Microorganisms associated with hydrocarbon contaminated sites and reservoirs for biofuel applications – Project led by ANL with June 2010 start
Project Objectives:
– To biomine and cultivate microorganisms that utilize geologic
hydrocarbons as their sole source of energy
• Access to reservoir sites and collections in Russia
• Use of novel cultivation approaches, HTP, consortia development
methodologies
– To develop microbial systems that exhibit high tolerance and
degradation of oil hydrocarbon
• Use for the development of renewable synthetic hydrocarbons
• Bioremediation
• Microbially enhanced oil recovery
Biomining is in progress
– Samples collected from different climatic zones of Russia
(Moscow and Tula regions, Krasnodar Krai)
– Samples were taken from sites with high contamination by oil
products
Sponsor: U.S.DOE –NNSA GIPP Program
Ultrathin sections of nanoforms of bacteria found in
situ in oil slime. Bar is 0.3 µm
Contact:M. Cristina Negri
Agronomist/Environmental
Engineer
Argonne National Laboratory
Global Sustainability Studies
U.S.-Brazil Effort is Advancing Biofuels LCA and Modeling
of Direct and Indirect Land Use Change
• Collaborative Activities will identify gaps in scientific
knowledge; and promote science-based global sustainability
frameworks
Multilateral – DOE and Laboratories (ANL, NREL, ORNL)
providing technical support to:
• Global Bioenergy Partnership (GBEP)
• IPCC Renewable Report – Bio-energy chapter in preparation
• Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels
• Collecting Sustainability Data from Multiple countries
• Identifying Gaps in literature and knowledge
National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future
Potential Impacts:
Abiotic Depletion
Potential Acidification
Eutrophication
Global Warming Potential
Ozone Layer Depletion
Human Toxicity
Marine Toxicity
Ionizing Radiation
Land Competition
Photochemical Oxidation
Biodiversity
Activities/Accomplishments
Sustainability and Systems Integration and Modeling Objectives
• Enhance current methods for economic, life cycle, and sustainability analyses of
lignocellulosic biofuels production pathways and scenarios to better gauge their
applicability in the U.S. and in Brazil, and possibly in other regions of the world.
• Disseminate jointly evaluated best practices.
Partners: US : NREL, ORNL, ANL, Un. MN
Brazil: CTBE, UNICAMP, CTC, ICONE, CGEE
• Provided science-based information GHG emissions and energy balances from lifecycle
assessments for the current ethanol industries in both countries.
• Evaluation of impacts of efficiency improvements and projected future availability of field residues in
addition to the regular bagasse.
• Jointly developed framework for modeling land-use impacts, assessed key uncertainty areas and data
gaps for integrated bio-refineries, and sustainability issues, and improved methods for land use analysis
• Improving LUC modeling and data bases and linkages between local and regional models (BLUM) and
global models (GTAP)
• Have completed several peer reviewed pubs and two more in process
• Information used in the IPCC SRREN, GBEP, and regulatory processes US, CA, EU
Sugarcane
leaves & stalks
Leverage costs & facilitate
industry and capacity
development
Corn
Stover