D. B. AGRO INDUSTRIES DODDANAVR TRADE CENTER, NEAR FORT, P. B. ROAD,

BELGAUM – 590016 KARNATAKA

IMPACT OF IRRIGATION INDUCED

SOIL SALINITY ON

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY

PRODUCTIVITY ASSESSMENT

Joshi and Agnihotri (1984) assessed the impact of canal irrigation identified two major adverse effects, SOIL SALINITY & WATER LOGGING, WHICH ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR CONVERTING FERTILE IRRIGATED AREA INTO UNPRODUCTIVE BARREN LANDS.

The irrigated yield of Rice is FAR BELOW the pre-irrigated period substantiated that

THE VERY OBJECTIVE OF CANAL IRRIGATION TO RAISE THE PRODUCTIVITY PER UNIT OF

AREA IS DEFEATED.

AGGREGATE LOSS IN PRODUCTION WAS ESTIMATED

TO THE TUNE OF 9.7 LAKH TONS ROUGHLY AMOUNTING TO RS. 1,803.91 MILLION (1981-82 PRICES) DUE TO SALINITY AND WATER

LOGGING.

IRRIGATION PROJECTS IN

KARNATAKA

• 30% IRRIGATED LAND IS UNDER –PRODUCTIVE

• 20% LAND IS NON-PRODUCTIVE

“Total cultivable land: 329 million Hectares Salt/Saline affected 8.56 to 10.9 million ha Water logging area 8.52 million Hectares

Mainly in the IRRIGATION COMMANDS which includes the saline-alkali soils In Haryana, parts of Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.

SUBSTANTIAL AREAS OF GOOD IRRIGATED LANDS ARE AFFECTED BY SALINE - ALKALI AND WATER-LOGGING

PROBLEMS.”

NABARD report

“The growing problem of salinity alkalinity should be eliminated as early as possible SINCE IT IS GROWING AT THE RATE OF 10% EVERY YEAR.

Irrigation has both sides of BANE AND BOON.

Unscientific irrigation has endangered many favorable environmental conditions and human health.

With the introduction of new irrigation projects and also the faulty water management practices on the farms, additional area will turn salty each year.”

NABARD report

REASONS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF SALINITY IN THE SOILS

• Excessive and uncontrolled irrigation.

• Accumulation of salts in the top layer due to evapo-

transpiration in arid conditions.

• Water logging conditions in perennial river basins/ irrigation sources due to seepage

• Excessive use of chemical fertilizers containing chlorides & sulfates etc.

• Poor drainage conditions. Report by NABARD

FLOOD IRRIGATION : USES TRIPLE AMOUNT OF WATER

• WITH EVER INCREASING CONCENTRATION OF DISSOLVED SALTS IN THE

RESERVOIRS OF IRRIGATION PROJECTS, SUITABLE WATER FOR AGRICULTURE IS NEVER POSSIBLE.

• IN THE LACK OF PROPER IRRIGATABLE WATER AND REGULAR POWER

SUPPLY, ADAPTABILITY OF DRIP IRRIGATION IS QUESTIONABLE.

AS THIS IS A GOVERNMENT CONTROLLED AREA, ONLY

GOVERNMENT CAN RECTIFY THE PROBLEM OF SEEPAGE.

Discriminate use of CHEMICAL FERTLIZER

Without human hindrance

With human hindrance salinity is increased

6000 YEAR HISTORY REPEATED

THE ENVISAGED BOON: • IRRIGATION WILL ALLOW US TO UTILISE MORE LAND

AREA TO PRODUCE MORE.

• NEED OF WATER FOR IRRIGATION: OBSTRUCTED FREE DISCHARGE OF RIVER WATER TO

OCEAN BY DAMS

• RESULT: INITIATED THE PROCESS OF EVER INCREASING CONCENTRATION OF DISSOLVED SALTS IN RESERVOIRS

THE RESULT IS BANE

• THE WATER RESERVOIRS ARE COLLECTING AND CONCENTRATING SALTS IS A EVER GROWING PROCESS.

• THESE CONCENTRATED SALTS ARE DEPOSITED ON FERTILE AND PRODUCTIVE SOILS THROUGH EXTENSIVE IRRIGATION CONVERTING THEM INTO UNPRODUCTIVE AND DEAD SOILS IS ANOTHER INCONVENIENT TRUTH.

MAGNETIC FORCE TO RESTRUCTURE SALINE WATER

(Predominant contributor to soil salinity)

• Magnetic Force: Restructures the water molecules. Releases the bondage of salts Reduces the large clusters into

small Reduces the surface tension Increases the free water molecules Increases the dissolved oxygen

availability

Magnetic Force

• Magnetic force can convert salty water (salt 41gms/L) efficiently for irrigating crop.

• Magnetically treated water washes 3-4 times more salts out of the soil.

• The availability of dissolved oxygen increases up to 10%.

• Surface tension is reduced up to 15% • Elimination of harmful bacteria up to 85%

Water molecule Before treatment 1 H2O : 10 Salts

After treatment 10 h2o : 1 Salt

Salt

Advantages of Magnetic treated water

INFLUENCE OF PLANT AVAILABLE SILICA ON SALINITY Increased Plant growth Oleic acid and linolenic acid percentage Potassium content K/Na ratio and silica content. Fresh weight Relative water content and dry mass Photosynthesis ranging from 158% to 520% Levels of chlorophyll. Leaf area. Selective uptake and transport of potassium Enhanced plant growth parameters Prevention of lignin and the Na+ accumulation Reduced levels of lipid peroxidation in the roots Decreased Sodium Content

THE ROLE OF SILICA IN LIFE • Silica is throughout the body of all organisms; Silica is the mineral for the ENERGY FLOW in

all LIVING ORGANISMS. • Silica is the mechanism for internal electrical

communication and connecting CELL to CELL for interaction.

• Silica uses other minerals to do this SILICA IS THE ONE AND ONLY ELEMENT

THAT DOES NOT CHANGE ITS FORM EVEN AFTER A GROWTH PROCESS

When it comes to plant nutrition, silicon is finally getting the respect it deserves, thanks to a group of University of Florida scientists whose breakthrough research has demonstrated the importance of this element in world agriculture.

"For me, as a plant pathologist, to see what silicon does for diseases is just phenomenal," he said. "It doesn't just control one disease, it controls several diseases. You can better manage your fungicide application, reduce the number of applications, or maybe eliminate them all together."

An Insight into

Benefits of Silica

Professor of Plant Pathology, Belle Glade, FL

Dr. Datnoff

Our SS Vacuum Jaggery unit

Clarification process

Thank you!!!