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AGrant, W. Vance; Lind, C. 'GeorgeDigest o! Education Statistics. 1975 Edition.National Center for Education Statistics (DHEW),Washington, D.C.NCES-76-21176209p.; A related document is ED 104_018, NotAvailable in shard copy due to small type oforiginalSuperintendent of Documents,all.S. Government PrintingOffice, Washington, D.C. 20402 ($3.30)
HF-$0.83 Plus Postage. HC Not Available from EDRS.Adult Education; Educational Facilities; *ElementarySecondary Education; Employment Statistics; -
Enrollment; Fxpenditures; Federal Aid; *FederalPrograms; *Higher Education; Income; NationalSurveys; Post Secondary Education; Research; SchoolDistricts; *Statistical Data; *Tables (Data) ;Teachers; Vocational Education
ABSTRACTThis statistical compendium is 14th in the series of
annual digest that provide abstracts of statistical informationcovering the broad field of education in America from preikindergartenthrough graduate school. This edition, along with the others, isintended for use in particular by those persons concerned with theformulation and conduct of educational policy, though it is of valueto anyone interested in education. The digest is divided intosections dealing With all levels of education compositely, elementaryand secondary education, higher education, adult and vocationaleducation, federal education programs, and selected statisticsrelated to education. This volume contains statistical Information on'the number of schools and colleges, enrollments, teachers, graduates,finances, federal aid to'education, educational facilities, andeducational expenditures. The last section includes information on'employment status and job opportunities, research and development;and equal employment opportunity, as well as data from the NationalAssessment of Educational Progress. (Author/DS)
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c
.U S DEPARTMENT OP WEALTH,
!DUCA wow IWONATIONAL INSTITUTE OP
OINDCATiONTHIS DOCUMENT HAS SEEN REPROOUcEO EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROMTHE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONSSTATED 00 NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL NATIONAL Imt:ITUTE OFEOUCA,ION POSITION OR POLICY
Digest,of
ucationStatistics
1975 EDITION
byW. Vance Grant
andC. George tind
National Center forEducation Statistics
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFAREDavid Mathews, Secretary
Education DivisionVirginia Y Trotter. Assistant Secretary fcr Education
National Center for Education StatisticsMarie D Eldridge. Administrator
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NCES 76-211
`NATIONAL CENTER FOR EDUCATION STATISTICS
"The purpose of the Center shall be to collect and disseminate statisticsand other data related to education in the United States and'in other nations.The Center shall . . . collect, collate, and, frpm time to finie, report fulland complete statistics on the conditions of education in the UnAed States;conduct and publish reports on specialized analyses of the meaning and signi-ficance of such statistics; . . . and review and report on education activitiesin foreign countries."--Section 406(b) of the General Education ProvisionslActas amended (20 U.,S.C. 1221e-1).
.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFF!( EWASHINGTON: 1976
For tale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing OfWashington, D.C. 20402 - Price $3 30
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FOREWORD
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The 1975 .edition of the Digest of Educational Statistics is the 14th in a series of annual publicationsinitiated in 1962. Its primary purpose is to provide an abstract of statistical information covering the broadfield. of American education from prekindergarten through graduate school. In order to perform thisfunction, it utilizes materials from numerous sources, including the statistical surveys and estimates of theNational Center for Education Statistics and other appropriate sources, both governmental andnongovernmental. The publication contains information on a variety of subjects within the field ofeducational statistics, including number of schools and colleges, enrollments, teachers, graduates,educational attainment, finances, Federal funds for education, libraries, international education, andresearch and development.
The Digest is divided mto six chapters: All Levels of Education, Elementary and Secondary Education,Higher Education, Adult and Vocational Education, Federal Programs for Education and Related Activities,and Selet.ted Statistics Related to. Education in the United States. To qualify for inclusion jpethispublication, material must be nationwide in scope and of current .interest and value. Series of dataextending as far back as 1870 have been employed in many instances in order to give some historicalperspective. The introduction supplements the tabular materials in chapters 1 through VI by providing abrief descriptiort,of current trends in American education.
In addition to updating many of the statistics that appeared in previous years, this edition of the Digestcontains a number of innovations. These include a new chapter on adult and vocational education, withexpanded coverage of vocational education at the postsecondary level; State figures on public schoolteachers, by level and by sex; data on higher education enrollment, by degree-credit status and by type andcontrol of mstitution; a listing of the 100 institutions of higher education that received the largest amountsof Federal assistance; and a new table containing data on characteristics of scientists and engineers.Additional Information from the National Assessment of Educational Progress and from the NationalLongitudinal Study of the High School Class of 1972 is also included. ,
In the past. the Digest of Educational Statistics has proved useful to persons interested in the nature andscope of education m the AUnited States and in "particular to those individuals-concerned with theformulation and conduct of educational policy. We trust that the readers of the 14th edition will find It asvaluable as its predecessors.
I-
Marjorie 0. Chandler, DirectorDivision of Statictical Information
and Studies
4
Kenneth A. Simon, ChiefReference, Estimates, and
Projections Branch
b
'CONTENTSPage
. Foreword ui
Introduction 1
Chapter I.
/ Chapter II.
Chapter !if.
iapter IV.
Chapter V.
Chapter VI.
All Levels f Education 5
Elementary and Secondary Education 31
Higher Education 73
Adult and Vocational Education 135.
Federal Programs for Education and Related Activities 143
Selected Statistics Related to Education in the United States 167
Index 193
FIGURES
I. The structure of education in the United States 4
2. Level of education expected for persons 17 years of age in the fall of 1973 13
3. Percent of illiteracy in the population, by race United States, 1870 to 1969 17
4. Total expenditures for education as a percentage of the gross national product: UnitedStates. 1929-30 to 1971-72 . 25
5. Direct general expenditures of State and local gove ;nments, by function: 1962-63 and1971 -72 - 29
6. Population, public school enrollment, and public school expenditures,in 20 large cities as apercent of the national total 40
7. Percent of 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old children enrolled in preprimary programs: United States,October 1964,1969, and 1974 .. 46
8. Percentage increase in enrollments_ in selected fields of study and in the total number ofstudents in public second ry schools. United States, 1960-61 to 1972-73 48
9. Characteristics of first-ti. e college students. Unite States, fall 1974el 8310. Selected characteristics of teakhing faculty in colleges and universities: United States,
1972-73 90II. Number of instliutiOns of higher education for men, for women, and coeducational:
United States, 1953 .254 to 1973-74 97P. Cost of student education from tuition and fees and from other sources, by control of
institution: United States, 1971-72 127
13. Enrollment of 1972 high school seniors in college, by ethnic group and ability level1973 -74
14. Foreign students enrolled in institutions of higher education in the nited States andoutlying areas. 1973-74 174
171
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5
4
, orTABLESla
All Levels of Education
Page
Enrollment
1. Estimated enrollment in educational institutions, by level of instruction and by type ofcontrol: United States, fall 1974 and fall 1975 6
2. Enrollment in educational institutions, by type of control, level of instruction, and type of44 school: United States, fall 1973 .
63. Enrollment in educational institutions, by level of instruction and by type of school:
United States, 1899-1900 to fall 1973 74. Percent of the population 3 to 34 years old enrolled in school, by race, sex, and age:
United States, Octobcr 1974 85. Percent of the population 5 to 34 years old enrolled in schooj, by age United States,
October 1947 to October 1974 86. Percent of the population 3 to 34 years old enrolled in school, by aye and by State: Spring
1970 ,9
Teachers and Other Instruciional Staff7. Number of teachers in elementary and secondary schools, and instructional staff members
in institutions of higher education: United States, 1929 -30 to 1973-74.8. Estimated number of classroom teachers in elemenAry and secondary schools, and total
instructional staff for resident courses in institutions of higher education: United States,, fall 1974 and fall 1975
10
11
Schools and School Districts9. Number of local basic administrative units (school districts), and number of schools, by
level and control and by State. 1973-74 12,,,
Retention Rates and Educational Attainmentgi
10. Estimated retention rates, 5th grade through college entrance, in public and nonpublicschools. United States, 1924-32 to 1966 74 14
11. Level of school completed by persons age 25 and over and 25 to 29, by race: UnitedStates, 1910 to 1975 14
12. Median school years completed by persons 25 years old and over, by sex, race, and State: 1970 1513. Years of school completed by persons 25 years old and over, by State: 1970 1614. Illiteracy of the population, by State: 1900, 1930, and 1960 1815. Percent of draftees who failed to meet the mental requirements for induction into the
armed services, by State. 1972 1916, Occupation of employed persons 16 years old and over, by sex, race, and years of school
completed: United,States, March 1974 ., 20
Income
17. Total annual money tm..ome of persons 25 years old and over, by years of school...
completed, sex, arid age: United States, 1973 211'8. Aritival income If men, by age and by years of school completed. United States, selected
years, 1956 to 1972 22.19. lifetibie Income of men, by years of school completed: United States, selected years,
1950 to 1972 2220. ReCeipts of educational institutions, by level of instruction, type of control, and source
United States, 1972 -73 ...... . . . . . . . ...... . . . . .. ......... . . 23
vi
6
Expenditures21. Estimated expenditures for education, by level of instruction and by type of control
United States, 1974-75 anck1975-7622. Estimated expenditures of educational institutions, by source of funds: United States,
1969-70 to 1975-7623. Expenditures for education, including capital outlay, by level of instruction and by type of
control: United-States, 1971-72 and 1972 -7324. tross national product related to total expenditures foe educatio% ,United States,
1929-30 to 1974-7525. Direct expenditures of State and local governments for all functions and for education, by
per capita amouln and percent of per capita income: 1972-73
Elementary and Secondary. Education
Page
24
26
27
27
28
Enrollment26: Enrollment in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, by level and by
State: Fall 1974 and fall 1975 3227. Enrollment, 'membership, attendance, and length of school term in public elementary and
secondary day schools, by State. 1973-74 3328. Historical summary of public elementary'and secondary school statistics: United States,
1869-70 to 1971-72 3429. Enrollment by grade in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools: United
States, 1963-64 to 1974-75 3630. Enrollment in grades 9-12 in public and nonpublic schools co:,,paied with population
14-17 years of age: United States, 1889-90 to fall 1974 3731. Enrollment in special education programs for exceptional children: United States,
Fc,,uary 1963 and 1970-71 38
32. Pupils with handicaps, pupils receiving special instruction or assistance, and professionalstaff for the handicapped in local public elementary and secondary schools: United States,spring 1970 . 38
33. Number and percent of public school pupils transported at public expense, and currentexpenditures for transportation: United States, 1929-30 to 1973-74 39
34. Selected statistics on public elementary and secondary schools in 20 large cities comparedwith the United States totals 1974-75 40
35. Selected statistics of local public school systems, by enrollment size: United States,1970-71 41
36. Enrollment in elementary and secondary schools, by control and by State: Spring 1970 . 4237. Percentage distribution of enrollment m elementary and secondary schools, by control and
by State: Spring 1970 4338. Nonpublic elementary and secondary schools, pupils, and teachers, by level and by church
affiliation of school United States, 1970-71 4439. Summary statistics on Catholic elemeniary and secondary schools: United States, selected
years, 1919- 20 to 1974-75 s 4440. Estimated enrollment in nonpublic elementary and secondary schools, by State: Fall 1975 45
Q 41. Enrollment in foreign languages compared with total enrollment in grades 9-12 of publicsecondary schools: United States, fall 1965, 1968, and 1970 45
42. Enrollment of 3-, 4 and 5-year-old children in preprimary programs, by age and by typeof program United States, October 1974 47
43. Number of students enrolled in various subject areas compared with total enrollmerqin grades 7-12 of public secondary schools. United States, 1948-49, 1960-61, and1972 -73 47
vim
PageTeachers EA Other Instructional Staff
44. Number of full-time and part-time classroom teachers in public and nonpublic elementaryand secondary day schools, by,State: Fall 1974 and fall 1975 49
45. Classroom teachers in public elementary and secondary schools, by level of instruction,sex, ar State: United States, 1973-74 , , 50.
46. InstrdtiOnal staff in public elementary and secondary schools, by type of position and byState: United States, 1973-74 51
47. Selected characteristics of public school teachers by level and by sex: United States,4s1970-71 52
48. Public secondary school teachers, by teaching field and by sex: United States, 1970-71 . 5249 Estimated number of.classroom teachers in nonpublic secondary schools, by teaching field:
United States, fall 1975 5250. Estimated average annual salary of classroom teachers ? public elementary and secondary
schools: United States, 1955-56 to 1974-75 * 53 051. Percentage distribution of estimated.annual salaries paid classroom teachers in public
elementary and secondary schools: United States, 1952-53 to 1973-74 P52. Average annual salary of instructional staff in full-time public elementary and sFndary
day schools, by State: 1929-30 to 1974-75 5453. Average annual salary of instructional staff in public elementary and secondary day
schools, and ave:age annual earnings of full-time employees in all industries, inrunadjusteddollars and adjustor dollars: United States, 1929-30 to 1974-75, . 55
Sdioo Is, School Districts, and Schoolhousing54. Number of public school systems and number of pupils enrolled, by size of system. United
States, 1971-7255. Number of local basic administiative units (school districts), by State: Fall 197456,Number of local basic administrative units (school districts) and number of public and
nonpublic elementary and secondary schools: United States, 1929-30 to 1973-7457. Selected statistics on schoolhousing in full-time public elementary and secondary day
schools, by State: 1970-71 and fall 197158. Number and percent of public secondary schools, by type of school: United States,
selected years, 1919-20 to 1970-71
5556
57
58
59
High School Graduates, Dropouts, and Seniors59. Number of high school graduates compared with population 17 years of age: United States.
1869-70 to 1973-74 5960. Percent of high school dropouts among persons 14 to 24 years old, by race and sex: United
States, 1967 and 1974 5961. Number of public and nonpublic high school graduates, by sex and by State 1973-74 . 6062. Summary statistics on the educational experience and personal aspirations of high school
seniors. United States, spring 1972 61
. ,Income63. Estimated revenue and nonrevenue receipts of public elementary and secondary schools, by
source and by State. 1974-75 6364. Revenue receipts of public elementary and secondary schools from Federal, State, and
local sources, by State 1973-74 6465. Revenue receipts of public elementary and secondary schools from Federal, State, and
local sources. United States, 1919-20 to 1973-74 6566. Results of public school bond elections. United States, 1957-58 to 1973-74 65
rrVIII
8G-.
n
\
PageExpenditures
67. Estiniated expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, by purpose and byStale: 1974-75 66
68. Summary of expenditures for publicbtlementary and secondary education, by purpose andby State: 1973-74 " 61
69. Summary of expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, by purpose:United States, 1919-20 to 1973-74 69
70. Personal income, 1974, related to public school expenditures, by State: 1974-75 7071. Estimated expenditures per pupil in average daily attendance in public elementary and
secondary day schools, by State: 1974-75 71
72. T,otaland current expenditures per pupil in average daily attendance in public elet4ntaryand secondary schools: United States, 1929-30 to 1973-74 71
Higher Education
Enrollment73. Total enrollment in institutions of higher education, by attendance status, sex of student,
control of institution, and State: Fall 1974 74'74. Total enrollment in institutions of higher education, by type and level of enrollment and
by State: Fall 1974 75
75. Total and first -time degree-credit enrollment in institutions of higher education, by State:Fall 1974 and fall 1975 -76
76. Resident degree-credit enrollment in instituti9ns of higher education, by State and by place,of residence: Fall 1972 77
77. Selected statistics for the 60 college and university campuses enrolling the largest numbers
a of students: United States, fall 1974 7878. Degee-credit enrollment in institutions of higher education ccornpared with population
aged 18-24: United States, fall 1950 to fall 1974 7979. Degree - credit enrollment in institutions of higher education, by sex and by control of
institution: United States, fall 1946 to fall 1975 7980. Resident degree-credit enrollment in institutions of higher education related to total
pOpulation and to age groups 18-21 and 18-24: United States, 1869-70 to fall 1972 . . . . 8081. Degree - credit enrollment in institutions of higher education, by type and control of
institution: United States, fall 1969 to fall 1974 8082. Degree-credit and non-degree-credit enrollment in institution' of higher education, by type
and control of mstitution: United States, fall 1974 .81
83. Total enrollment in institutions of higher education, by sex, type of enrollment, andcontrol of institution': United States, fall 1974 :81
84. First-time degree-credit enrollmer in institutions of higher education, by. sex and bycontrol of institution: United States, fall 1946 to fall 1975 82
85. Selected characteristics of first-time students in institutions of higher education: UnitedStates, fall 1974 84
86. Enrollment for advanced degrees, by level of enrollment, sex of student, attendance status,and field of study. United States and outlying areas, fall 1973 85
87. Enrollment for master's and !octor's degrees, by field of study: Unifed States and outlyingareas, fall 1960 to fall 1973 86
-88. Engineering enrollment in institutions or higher education, by level: United States andoutlying areas. fall 1949 to fall 1974 86
89. Selected characteristics of college students 14 to 34 years of age. United States, October1974 87
90. Total enrollment, fall 1974, and degrees conferred, 1971--72, in institutions attendedpredominantly by Black students United States 87
IX
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Itt. Page91. Two-year institutions with degree-credit programs, by type of control, enrollment, and sex:
United States, fall 1947 to fall 1974 8892. Historic-al summary !If faculty _students, degrees, and finances, in institutions of higher
education: United States, 1869-70 to 1971-72 89
Faculty aid Other Professional Staff -
93. Estimated full-time and part-time resident instructional staff io institutions of higherqucation, by academid rank: United States, fall 1960 to fall 1975
94. Employees ili institutions of higher education, by type of position, sex, and programfunction: United States and outlying preas, fall 1972
95. Professioral background and acaderrtic activity of college faculty members, by type. ofinstitution and by sex:. United States, 1972-73 -
96. Demographic and background chalteristics ,of college faculty membepi, by type of .
institution and by sex: United States, spring 19691 .97. Number and average salary of full-time instructional faculty on 9- or 10 -month contracts in
. .. institutions of higher education, by tape of institution, academic k, and'sex: UnitedStates:1974-75
98. Median salaries of instructional staff Minstitutions of higher education, by academic rank,type of institution, and size of enrollment: United States, 1971-72 and 1973-74
99. Median annual salaries of instructional staff and administrative officers in 4-year collegesand universities. United States, 1959-60 to 1973-74
91
91
92 "
94
95
96
96. .
Institutions.
100. Number of insbtutiuns of higher education, 'by type, control, and size of enrollment:United States. fain 974 98t101. Number of institutions of higher education, by type, control, ind State: 1974-7'5 99
102. Number of institutions of high-er education, by control of institiition, 'ugliest level of9 offering, and sex of studenr United States. 11`73-74 , 100 ...."...-..
Degrees .693. Earned degrees conferred by., institutions of higher education, by level of degree and by
State. 1971;32 and 1972-73 . WI104. Bachelor's, master's, and dactots degrees conferred by institutions of higher educition, by-
sex i'if student and by field of study: United' States, 1971-72 102N 4 105. Bachelor's, master's, aild doctor's degrees conferred by institutions of highe? education, by
sex of student and by field of study: United States, 1972-73 , 108106. First-professional degrees conferred by institutions of higher edu4ajJon, by sex of studvnt
and by field of study' United States, 1971-72 and 1972-73 '1 lI107. Number of first-professional degrees conferred in dentistry, medicine, and law, by sex:
'United States, 1949-50 to 1973,74 , 114108. Earned degrees conferred by institutions of higher education: United States, 1869-70 to '
1973 -74 115109. Engineering degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by level of degree:
United States, 1948 -49 to 1972-73 '. 115Pk Doctor's .degrees conferred by 60 urge institutions of higher education 1962 -63 tot1971 -.;72 1161 1 I . Statistical profile of persons receiving doctor's degrees, by field of study: United States,
1973-74 118112. Male college graduates in the population, by field of highest degree. United States, March
1967 . 119113. Associate degrees conferred by Institutions of higher education, by sex of student and by
* type of degree: United States, 1965-66 to 1971-72 . 119
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114. Formal awards based on organized yccupational curriculums at the technical orsemiprofessional lesiel in institutions of h(gher education, bylehgtfi and type of curriculumancyzz, sex of recipient.. Ilnited,States and outlying areas, 1971-1-72 t20
Income,115. Ctirrent-fund-reven,uf of institutions of higher education, by control of institution and by
source of revenue: Unit5d States, 1972,73. i j 122
116. Current fund revenue ot institutions of higher education from State and local governmentsrelated to total currentfunkievenue, by control of institution and by State: 1972-73 . . 123
117. Current-fund revenue of institutions of higher education, by control of institution and byState: 1971-72 and 1972-73 124
'118. Income of institutions of higher education: United States, 1919-20 to 1972-73 125
119. Federal obligations to the Ito universities and colleges receiving the largest amounts:Fiscal year 1974' 126
120. Private gifts and grahts to institutions of higher education, by control of institution:United States, 1959-60 to 1972-73 128
121. chtimated tuition and fees and room and board-, rates in Institutions of highereducation. by type anti control of institution: United States, 1965-66, 1970-71, and1975-176,
122. flame student charges by institution's of higher education for tuition and fees, room, andboard, by control and type of inteimItion, and by residence of student: United States andoutlying areas, 1973-74 lt29
Expenditures123. Current-fund expenditures.of instautions of higher education, by control and by purpose:
United States, 19.72 -73 130
124. Expenditures of institutions of higher education: United States, 1,929-30 to 1972-73 . 130
125. Currentfund expenditures of institutions of higher education, by control and by State:1971 -72 and 1972-73 131
126. Personal income, 1972, related to educational and general expenditures for highereducation and to educational and general funds received from State and local governments,by State 1972 -73 132
Property127. Physical plant value per student in ii. awns of higher education, by control and by
level: United States, 1971-72 and 197:.!128. Endowment funds per student in institutions of higher education, by control and by level:
United Sates, 1971-72 and 1972-73,129. Property of institutions of higher education: United States. 1919 20 to 1972-73
Land-Grant Institutions130. Selected data on students and finances of land-grAt Institutions. United' States and
133
133
134
ovilying areas, 1962 63 and 1972 -73 134
Adult and Vocational Education
Adult Education131. Participants in adult educ\ation, by source of instruction. United Sta tes, 1969 and 1972 . 136
132 Participants in adult education, by type of program United States, 1969 ail(' 1972 136
133. Participants in adult bast,: education programs. by race or ethnic group, sex. and.age group:Uni.tcd States, fiscal year 1974 . . . . . . . . . . . t 137
X. I
.vowlm
PdyVocational Education
134. Enrollment in federally aided vocational education classes,.by level and by type. ofprogram: United States and outlying areas, fiscal years to 1974 138
'135. Enrollment in federally aided vocational classes, by type of program' United States andoutlying areas, 1920,to 1974 139
136. Teachers of federally aided vocational education classes, by type of program: United Statesandouflying areas, fiscil years 1910 to 1974 -139
137. Expenditures of Federal, State, and local fuods for vocational education: United States andoutlying areas, 1920 to 1974 139
138. Expenditures of Federal, State, and local funds for vocational education, by State: Fiscalyear 1'974 140
139. Enrollment in postsecondary (noncollegiate) schools offering occupational programs:byattendance status, control, and type of schol: United States1973 b41
140. Number of postsecondary, (noncollegiate). schools offering occupational programs, bycontrol and type of school: United States, 1973 141
Federal Programs for Education and Related Activities
141. Federal funds for education and related activities, by agency: Fiscal years 1974 to 1976. . . 150 .142. Federal funds for education and related activities: 1960 to 1976 152'143. Summary of Federal funds for research, development, and R&D plant, fiscal years 1973,
1974, and 1975 156144.. Expenditures for fellowship, traineeship, and training grant programs of Federal agencies:
Fiscal year 1973 157145. Federal funds to State and local governments for elementary and secondary edutation, by
agency and by State: Mal year 1974 158146. Office of Education expenditures, by'lftlative program:l'Iscal years 1960 to 1976 . . '159147. Federal obligations to universities arld ca es, by agency and by State: Fiscal year 1973 . 164148. Federal funds obligated by the Office of Education, by program area and State: Fiscal year
1974 '16,5149. Office of Education funds obligated for instructional materials and equipinent, by'
program: Fiscalyear 19-74 166
Selected Statistics Related to Education in the United States
Employment Status and Job Opportunities150. College enrollment and labor force status 'of 1974 high school graduates, by sex, race, and
marital status of women: -United States, October 1974151. Employment status of 1974 high school graduates not enrolled in college and or 1973-74
school dropouts, by sex, race, and marital status of women'. United States, October 1974. .
152. Major occupation groups of employed high school graduates not enrolled in college, byyear of high school graduation, and of school dropouts:by year last attended school, bysex: Unite October 1974
153. Employed degree recipients, by sex, type of degree, and occupation and industry groupUntvl States, gctober1972.
154. Relationship work of degree recipients to major field of study, and reason for workingm a job not dire related to field: United States, October 1972
155. Average month! aly offers to 'mate candidates, for the-bachelor's degree, by field ofstudy: United At s. 969 -70 to 1974 - 75
156. Average monthly salary offers to Male and female candidates foi Master's and doctor'sdegrees, by ficidcf study. U.uted States, 197,2.-73 to 1974 75
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168
169
170
170
172
172
173
Page
International Education157. Una! States college faculty and administrative staff abroad, by country and by field of
in test: 1973-74 173
158. United States college students abroad, by country and by field of interest: 1971-72 . . . 173
159. Number of foreign students enrolled in American institutions of higher education, by areaof origin, major field of interest, and academic status: 1973-74 175
160. Number of foreign students enrolled in American institutions of higher education, by areaof origin: 1954-55 to 1973-74 176
4161. Estimated population, school enrollment, teachers, and public expenditures for educationin major.areas of the world: 1971-72 176
162. Estimated total population and enrollment, by level, in selected countries of the world:1971-72 177
Libraries sad Public Tdevision163. Broadcast hours of public television stations, by 'type of programing, type of licensee,
geographic region, and budget size: United States and outlying areas, fiscal year 1973 . . . 178
164. Rank order of public libraries with 1 million or more volumes in their collections: UnitedStates, 1974 fo 178
165. General statistics of public libraries serving areas of 25,000 more population: UnitedStates and (=dying areas, fiscal year 1968 179
166. General statistics of Federal libraries: United States and outb, Mg areas, fiscal year 1972. . 179
' :67. Estimated number of librarians, by type of library in which employed and by sex: UnitedStates, 1960 and 1970, with projected requirements for 1980 and 1985 180
168. Selected statistics on the collections, staff, and operating expenditures of large universitylibraries: 1973-74 180
169. Ger .' -al statistics of college and university libraries: United States and outlying areas,1968-69, 1970-71, and 1972-73 181
370. Prices for hardcover, mass-market paperback, and trade and higher priced paperback books,1967-69 and 1974, and number of titles, 1974, by category: United States 181
171. Price index for hardcover, mass-market paperback, and trade and higher priced paperbackbooks, based on 1967-69 average prices, by category: United States, 1973 anti 1974 . . . 182
172. Prices for perioaicals and serial service, by subject area: United States, 1967-69, 1973, and1974 182
Research and Develonment173. Selected characteristics of scientists and engineers, by field: United States, 1974 183
174. Federal funds obligated for educationgl research and development, by sponsor.ingagency:United States, 1969 to 1975 184
175. FUnds wed in the performance of basic research, applied research, aad development:United States, 1975 184
176. Federal research and development expenditures related to total Federal budget outlays:United States, 1940 to 1975 184
177. Research and development funds related to the gross national product: United States, 1953to 1975 185
178. Sources of funds use,: for research and development: United States, 1953 to 1975 185
179. Sources of funds used kr basic research: United States, 1953 to 1975 186
tducational Opportunity180. Nuniber add- percent of m!.tority students attending public elementary and secondary
schools, by geographic area and level of isolation: Fall 1970 and fall-1972 186
181. Number and percent of minority students attending public elementary and secondaryschools. by level of isolation and minonty group. United States, fall 1970 and fall 1972 . . 187
XIII
13
Page182. Estimated median achievement test scores for 1st- and 12th-grade pupils, by racial or
ethnic group. United States, fall 1965 187
National Assessment of Eduational Progress183. National Assessment of Educational Progress for age 9, by subject and by selected
characteristics of participants: United States, 1969-73 188184. National Assessment of Educational Progress for age 13, by subject and by selected
characteristics of participants: United States, 1969-73 189.185. Nations' Assessment of Educational Progress for age 17, by subject and by selected
characteristics of participants: United States, 1969-73 190 .
186. National Assessment of Educational Progress for young adults (ages 26-35), by subjectand by selected characteristics of participants: United States, 1969-73 191
r
I
p
MY
14
INTRODUCTIONA STATISTICAL LOOK AT AMERICAN EDUCATION: FALL 1975
In the fall of 1975, education is the primary activityof approximately 62.3 million Americans. Included inthat total are 58.9 million students enrolled in ourschools and colleges,-3.1 million teachers, and about300,000 superintendents, principals, supervisors, andother instructional Ftaff members. This means that in aNation with 214 million people nearly 3 out of every10 persons are directly involved in the educationalprocess.
Total enrollment in regular eeb.cational programsfrom kindergarten through graduate school increasedfor 27 consecutive years before reaching an all-timehigh of 59.7 million in the fall of 1971. The smalldecreases that subsequently have occurred at theelementally school level reflect the fact that there arenow fewer children 5 to 13 years of age than in therecent past. Enrollment is continuing to rise at the highschool and college levels.
The following percentages of the school-age popula-tion are estimated to be enrolled in school in the fall of1975: Of 5-year-olds (the usual kindergarten age), 86percent: of 6- to 13-year-olds (grades I through 8i, 99percent; of 14- to 17-year-olds (grades 9 through 12),93 percent; and of 18- to 24-year-olds (college age), 25percent. These estimates are denved from data ob-tained in the annual fall surveys of the U.S. Depart-ment of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, andreported in Current Population Re'ports, Series P-20.
Enrollment in degree-credit programs in colleges anduniversities is expected to exceed 9.3 million this fall.This represents an increase of at least 3.5 percent overthe 9.0 million students enrolled one year earlier.'(The figures for both 1974 and 1975 exclude under-graduate students in occupational programs not credit-able toward a bachelor's degree as well as thoseattending other types of postsecondary educationalinstitutions.)
Preliminary data that have lust become available as the Digestgoes to press indicate that degree-credit enrollment may reach9.7 milboil in the fall of 1975
15
Enrollment in public and nonpublic schools at thesecondary level (grades 9 through 12) is expected tototal about 15.6 million students this fall. This is a riseof 200,000, or more than 1 percent, over the 15.4million students enrolled a year ago: Enrollment innonpublic scitools held steady at about 1.2 million,while the number of public high school students rosefrom 14 2 million last fall to an estimated 14.4 millionin 1975.
Eqrollment at the elementary school level (kinder-garten through the eighth grade) has declined by about2 percent from 34.6 million last year to a currentlevel of about 34.0 million. Nonpublic school enroll-ment is estimated at 3.4 million compared with 3.5million a year ago, while public school enrollment isnow about 30.6 million as against 31.1 million last fall.
School enrollment in the future will be significantlyin,' .need by trends in the birth rate. Data from theNc.onal Center for Health Statistics, U.S. PublicHealth Service, show that the number of live births inthis country attained-an all-time high of 4.3 million in1961. They then declined precipitously until theyreached 3.1 million in 1973. Subsequently, seflecting`an increase in the number of women of childbearingage, there has been a slight upward trend in the numberof births. While there may very well be furtherincreases in the years just ahead, a return to the highbirth rates of the 1950's and early 1960's now seemsurlikely.
The latest projections of the National Center forEducation Statistics indicate that there will be smallannual reductions in elementary school enrollment forthe next 5 or 6 years. These decreases are directlyattributable to the expected decline in the number ofchildren aged 5 to 13 during this period. High schoolenrollment is expected to reach a peak in 1976 andthen begin a series of small annual declines. Collegeenrollment is expected to reach its maximum about1981. A decrease in the college-age population willbecome evident in the early 1980's, but the extent ofthe expected enrollment decline will be determined by
emerging trends in college attendance rates. At thepresent time the percentage of young people attendingcollege is down slightly from the high levels reached inthe late 1960's.
Currently, about 2,410,000 persons are employed asclassroom teachers in public and nonpublic elementaryand secondary schools. This represents practically nochange from the number of persons teaching a yearago. A small increase in secondary schoolteachers thisyear will approximately offset a slight decline inemployment at the elementary school level. Thenumber of public school teachers is estimated at2,180,000 this fall; and about 230,000 are in non-public schools. Approximately 1,320,000 are teachingin elementary schools, while 1,090,000 are employedat the secondary level.
Over-all, the trend in recent years has been for thenumber of public school teachers to grow 'at a fasterrate than the number of pupils. The result is acontinuing improvement in the pupil-teacher ratio.This fall there are about 20.7 pupils per teacher ascompared with 24,3 pupils for each teacher 10 yearsago. Moreover, a study by the National EducationAssociation2 indicates that pulite school teachers inthe 1970's are better prepared aceinicallythan thosewho taught in previous decades. Only 3 percent of theteachers in 1971 did not have a bachelor's degree, ascompared with 15 percent in 1901. In 1971 more than27 percent of the teachers held a master's degree,compared with 23 percent lOyears earlier.
The average annual salary of classroom teachers -in-public elementary and secondary schools rose about 8percent last year over the preceding year, bringing theaverage salary in 1974-75 to approxiMately $,11,600. Afurther increase to about $12,400 is anticipated for thecurrent school year. The average salary of the totalprofessional instructional staff, including principals,supervisors, teachers, and other personnel, is somewhatlargerthe estimates for 1974-75 and 1975-76 ,are$12,070 and $12,900, respectively.
The number of instructional staff members incolleges and universities is continuing to grow, but at aslower rate than In the middle and late 1960's. Thefull-time and part-time staff totaled about 630,000 lastfall, and the current estimate is 650,000. The trend inrecent years has been toward slightly large classes(more students per teacher) at the highe educationlevel.
The average salary of full-time facult members ininstitutions of higher education was near) $15,300 for
'National Education Association, Research Di soon, Status ofthe Mnencan Pubhc.School Teacher, 1970.71, esearch Report1972-R3, National Education Association Washington, D.C.
2
the academic year 1974-75. Average salaries in collegesand universities have been rising somewhat more than 5percent annually in recent years. A further increase toabout $16,200 is expected for the academic year1975-76.
Approximately 3.1 million persons graduated fromhigh school in 1975, and an equally lam number ofstudents are expected to receive their high schooldiplomas in 1976. The size of these graduating_ classesreflects the high birth rate in the late 1950's as wellasthe tendency of most young Americans to remain inschool at least until high school graduation. About 75percent of the young people today finish high school,and about 45 percent (or about 60 percent of the highschool graduates) can be expected to enter a degree-credit program in a college or university. If presenttrends continue, about 24 percent of the persons intheir late teens today can be expected to earn abachelor's degree; 7 percent, a -master's degree; andmore than 1 percent, a doctorate.
In a recent survey3 of the educational attainment ofthe population conducted in March of 1974, theBureau of the Census found that the median number ofschool years completed by young people 20 and 21years of age was 12.8 years. Persons 45 to 54 hadcompleted 12.3 years, while senior citizens 75 yearsold and over had spent 8.6 years in school.
During the school year 1974-75, the number ofearned degrees conferred by colleges and universities isestimated as follows: Bachelor's degrees, 944,000;first-professional degrees, 55,000; master's degrees,292,000; and ,doctorates, 36,000. In 1975-76, thecomparable figures are expected to be 936,000,58,000, 305,000, and 38,000. Over-all, more .degreeswill be conferred in 1975-76 than in any previous year,and annual increases are anticipated through the early1980x'
Expendituresnditures for public and private educapon fromkindergarten through graduate school are estimatedat nearly $109 billion for the 1974-75 school year, andpreliminary estimatesrplace the 1975.76 figure at about$120 billion. Elementary and secondary schools lastyear expended more than $68 billion, while institu-tions of higher education spent more than $40 billion.Public schools and colleges spent nearly $89 billion in1974-75, as compared with about $20 billion fornonpublic institutions.
Viewed in another context, the total expendituresfor education during 1974.75 amounted to 7.8 percentof the gross national product (GNP). The percentage of
'U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Cur-rent Population Reports, Series P-20, No. 274.
the GNP spent for education has been rising duringmost of the past 30 years and now appears to have
stabilized at a high level. The low point in moderntimes was reached in 194344, in the midst of WorldWar II, when educational expenditures dropped to 1.8percent of the GNP.
Nationally, the current expenditure per pupil inaverage daily attendance in public elementary andsecondary 'schools has more than doubled in the pastdecade, rising from about $485 in 1964-65 to anestimated S1,255 in 1974-75. A further rise to aboutS1,380 per pupil is indicated for this school year. Thelargest item in the school budget is teachers' salaries,and expenditure increases in recent years reflect theefforts of local school systems to provide moreadequate compensation for their instructional staff.The rise in expenditures would be much smaller, ofcourse, if, allowance were made for changes in thepurchasing power of the dollar.
The role of the Federal Government in providingsupport to education at all levels continues to grow.Whereas Federal grants amounted to S3.4 billion infiscal year 1965, in 1975 they reached approximately
17
$16.2 billion. Grants to higher education nearly quad-rupled during the past decade, and aid to elementary
d secondary education increased mort than fivefold.e largest percentage increase, however, was in grants
r vocational- technical and continuing educationthisexpenditure was 10 times as great in 1975 as in 1965.This support reflects the widely .held view that morestudents should be prepared for useful employment aspart of their formal education. ,
In summary, there are a number of recent develop-ments in American education that enable one to viewthe future with optimism. Young people today spendmore years in school than their parents and grand-
parents did. Most of them graduate from high school,and many go on to some form of postsecondaryeducation. There is an increased emphasis upon educa-tion for a career. In public elementary and secondaryschools, there are fewer pupils per teacher than inearlier years, and the 'teachers tend to be better paidthan their predecessors. Efforts to support education(both in act it dollars and as '2 percentage of the grossnational product) have reached new peaks. Thus itappears that some progress is being made.
Figure 1.The structure of education in the United States
Ph.D orAdvancedProfessionalDegree
Master'sDegree
Bachelor'sDegree
AssociateDegree orCertificate
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
High SchoolDiploma
:17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
6
115
12
11
10
9
7,
6
5
4
3
2
a
4g
3
Age Grade
NOTE.Adult education programs, while not separately delineatedabove, may provide instruction at the elementary, secondary, orhigher education level.
19
4
CHAPTER IALL LEVELS OF EDUCATION
The purpose of this chapter is to provide a broadoverview of education in the United States fromprekindergarten through graduate school. It bringstogether materials from elementary, secondary, andhigher' education to present a composite picture of the0nerican educational system. It contains tables whichshow the total number of persons enrolled in school,the number of teachers, the number of schools, andtotal receipts and expenditures for education at alllevels. Statistics on educational attainment, on illit-eracy and school retention rates, and on annual andlifetime income by years of school completed are alsoincluded.
Figure 1 provides a graphic presentation of thestructure of education in the United States. The rightside of the chart indicates the three levels of education(elementary, secondary, and higher) the left gives theapproximate age of persons at each revel. As the Chartindicates, pupils ordinarily spend from 6 to 8 years inthe elementary grades, followed by 4 to 6 years of highschool. The entire I 2-year program is normally com-pleted at age 17 or 18 years.
High school graduates may enter a junior college, atechnicarinstitution, a 4-year college or university, or aprofessional school. A .itinior college normally offersthe first 2 years of a. standard 4 -year college programand a bro&c/ selection of terminal-vocational courses.Academic courses completed_at_a junior college aretransferable for credit to 4-year colleges and um-versities. A technical institute offers postsecondary
tethnical training not leading to a bachelor's or higherdegree.
An associate degree requires at least 2 years ofcollege-level work, and a bachelor's degree normallycan be earned in 4 years. At least 1 year beyond thebachelor's is necessary for a master's degree, while adoctor's degree usually requires,a minimum of 3 or 4years beyond the baccalaureate.
Professional schools differ widely in requirementsfor admission and in length of programs. Medicalstudents, for example, must complete at least 3 yearsof premedical studies at a college or university beforethey can enter the 4-year program at a medical school.Engineering students, on the other hand, can enter anengineering school immediately upon completion of asecondary school program,
Many of the statistics in this chapter are derivedfrorn the annual and biennial surveys of the NationalCenter for Education Statistics. When necessary, thesesurvey data have been supplemented by estimatesprepared especially fot this volume in order to makethe tables as useful as possible. In addition, substantialcontributions have been made by statistics receivedfrom other agencies, both governmental and non-governmental, as indicated in the source notes in theappropriate fables. The data obtainedfrom the'Bureauof the Census surveys of educational attainment,governmental finances, and school enrollment by age,race, and sex are worthy of special mention for thevaluable information they provide.
19
S
Table 1.-Estimated enrollment in educational insti-tutions, by level of instruction and by type of
control: United States, fall 1974 and fall 19751(In thousands)
Level of instruction andtype of control
Fall1974
Fall1975
1 2 3Total olonninury, secondary, and
higher education 59,069 56,940Public 52,134 52,060Nonpublic 6,955 6,880
Kindergarten-grade 12 (regularand other schools)' 50,066 49,610
Regular public set Is 45,056 44,700Regular nonpublic schools 4,700 4,600Other public schools ...... 240 240Other nonpublic schools . 70 70
Kindergarten-grade 8 (regularand other schools)' 34,619 34,000
Regular public schools 30,919 30,400Regular nonpublic schools .. 3,500 3,400Other public schools 170 170Other nonpublic schools 30 30
Grades 9.12 (regular and other schools)' 15,447 15,610Regular public schools 14,137 14,300Regular nonpublic schools 1,200 1,200Other public schools 70 70Other nonpublic schools . ... 40 40
-Higher education (total degra-credit en-rollment in universities, colleges, pro -
fess:onal schools, teachers colleges,and Junior colleges/3 ,.
9,023 9,330Public 6,838 7,120Nonpublic 2,185 2,210Undergraduate' 7,834 8,,100Graduate 1,190 1,230
' The 1974 figures for regular nonpublic' and other ele-mentary and secondary schools, and a I 1975 figures, areestimates. Surveys of nonpublic elementary and secondaryschools have been conducted at less frequent intervals thanthose of Public schools and of institutions of highereducation. Consequently, the estimates for nonpublicschools are less reliable than those for other types ofinstitutions. The estimates for 1915 are derived from theincreases expecte° from population changes combined withthe long-range trend in school enrollment rates of thepopulation.
2 "Regular" schools include schools which are a part of Stateand local school systems and also most non-profirmakingnonpublic elementary and secondary schools, both church-affiliated and nonsectarian. "Other" schools include subcol-legiate departments of institutions of higher education,residential schools for exceptional children, Federal schoolsfor Indians, and Federal schools on military posts and otherFederal installations.
'Excludes undergraduate students in occupational programswhich are not ordinarily creditable toward a bachelor'sdegree. There were 1,200,28 1 of these non-degree-creditstudents in fall 1974. -*
4 Includes unclassified students and students working towardfirst-professional degrees, such as M.D , D D.S., LLB., andB.D
NOTE.-Fall enrollment is usually smaller than school-yearenrollment, since the latter is a cumulative figure
, that includes students who enroll at any time duringthe year. Because of rounding, details may not addto totals.
SOURCES U.S. Department of Health, Education, andWelfare, National Center for Education Statistics, Statis-tics of Pub c Elementary and Secondary Day Schools,Fall 1974, Fall Enrollment in Higher Education, 1974,and estimates of the National Center for EducationStatistics. .
Table`2-E-,ollment in educational institutions, bytype of control, level of instruction, and type of
school: United States, fall 1973Level of instruction
andtype of school
All schoolsPublicly
controlledschools
Privatelycontrolled
schools1 2 3 4
All levels (elementary,secondary, higher) . . 59,060,117 52,040,565 7,039,531
Elementary and secondary 50,561,967 45,651,967 4,910,000Kindergarten -grade 8 . . 35,135,441 31,510,441 3,625,000Grades 9-12 and post-
graduate 15,426,526 14,141,526 1 f285I000I
..t̀ 8,518,150 6,388,619 2,129,531Higher education
Elementary and secondaryeducation.
Kindergarten 2,838,196 2,656,196 182,000Regular' 2,818,888 2,638:888 '180.000Subcollegiate depart-
ments of institutionsof higher education' . 6,000 5,000
Residential schools forexceptional children' 6,000 5,000
.1,000
1,000Federal schools for
Indians' 3,758 3,758 - - -Federal schools on
Federal installa-tions' 3,550 3,550 - - -
Grades 1.8 32,297,245 28,854,245 3,443,0009e6ular' 32,114,192 28,694,192 '3,420,000Subcollegiate depart-
ments of institutionsof higher education' . 40,000 32,000 8,000
Residential schools forexceptional children' . 85,000 70,000 15,000
Federal schools forIndians' ..... .. . 32,593 32,593 ...
Federal schools onFederal installations" . 25,460 26,460 - -.
.Grades 9.12 and post-graduate 15,426,526 14,141,526 1,285,000Regular' 15,325,725 14,075,725 21,250,000Subcollegiate depart-
ments of institutionsof higher education' 45,000 20,000 25,000
Residential schools forexceptional children? 41,000 31,000 10,000
Federal schools forIndians' 10,761 10,761 - -
Federal schools onFederal installations" . 4,Q40 4,040
Higher education
_ Degree-creqit enrollment . 8,518,150 6,388,619 2,129,531iinderriraeqate . . . . 6,531,447 5,004,924 1,526,523First-piofesstonal . . . . 218,990 97,949 121,041Graduate .. . . . 1,123,462 799,155 324,307Unclissified .. . , . 644,251 486,591 157,660
' Includes enrollments in local public school systems and innonpublic schools (church-affiliated and nonsectarian). Excludessubcollegiate departments of institutions of higher education,residential schools for exceptional children, and Federal schools.'Estimated.
'Includes pupils enrolled at any time during the schqol year1973-74.
4 Data for fall 1974SOURCES: (1/ ,U.S Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare, National Center for Education Statistics, Statistics ofPublic Elementary and Secondary Day Schools, Fall 1973; FallEnrollment in 'Higher Education, 1973 and unpublished data.(2) U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs,Statistics Concerning Indian Education, fiscal year 1974.
6
20 ,
Tab
le 3
.-E
nrol
lmen
t in
educ
atio
nal i
nstit
utio
ns, b
y le
vel o
f ins
truc
tion
and
by ty
peof
sch
ool:
Uni
ted
Sta
tes,
189
9-19
00 to
fall
1973
i.
Leve
l of i
nstr
uctio
n an
d ty
pe o
f sch
ool
1899
.190
019
09-1
019
19-2
019
29-3
019
39-4
019
49-5
019
59-6
0F
all 1
969
Fal
l 197
3
12
34
56
78
910
Alt
leve
ls (
elem
enta
ry, s
econ
dary
, hig
her)
..
.17
j 911
,641
19,9
99,1
4624
,061
,779
29,6
52,3
7729
,751
203
31,3
1927
146
,227
,620
56,5
65,7
6659
,060
,117
Ele
men
tary
and
sec
onda
ry16
,961
,249
19,6
43, 3
323
.463
,896
21,5
51,6
4028
,257
,000
28,6
60,2
5042
,012
,076
51,4
29,6
9156
1,96
7
Kin
derg
arte
n -g
rade
816
,261
,846
18,5
18,5
3520
,963
,722
23,7
39,8
4021
,127
,021
22,2
07,2
4132
,412
,266
37,0
11,3
90.
441
Gra
ms
9-12
and
pos
tgra
duat
e...
...
....
699,
403
1,11
5,39
82,
500,
176
4,81
1,80
07,
129,
979
6,45
3,00
99,
599,
810
14,4
18,3
0126
H,y
ner
educ
atio
n,
El m
enta
ry a
nd s
econ
dary
237,
592
355,
215
597,
880
1,10
0,73
71,
4942
032,
659,
021
' 3,2
15,5
447,
136,
075
2 8,
518
1
/ Kin
derg
arte
n22
5,39
434
6,18
9'5
10,9
4978
6,46
366
0,90
91,
175,
312
2,29
3,49
22,
821,
213
2,83
8,19
6
Pub
lics
,N
onpu
blic
'13
1,65
793
,737
5293
,970
'452
,219
481,
266
29,6
8372
3,44
354
,456
594,
647
57,3
411,
034,
203
5133
,000
1,92
2,71
2i3
54,0
00.4
601,
242
.200
,000
2638
,888
180,
000
Sub
colle
giat
e de
part
men
ts o
f ins
titut
ions
of
high
er e
duca
tion
(7)
(7)
'(7
)(7
)(7
)(7
)',8
5154
,800
66,0
0Q`7
,000
66,0
0066
,000
Res
iden
tial s
choo
ls fo
r ex
cept
iona
l chi
ldre
n(7
)(7
)(7
)'5
,164
5,77
710
4,45
9F
eder
al s
choo
ls fo
r In
dian
s.
..
.....
..
.(7
)(7
)(7
)3,
400
3,14
43,
650
3,98
74,
871
`2,1
003,
758
''3,5
50F
eder
al s
choo
ls o
n F
eder
al in
stal
latio
ns(7
)(7
)(7
)(7
)(7
)(7
)2,
142
Gra
des
1-8
16,0
36,4
5218
,182
,346
20,4
52,7
73-2
2,95
3,37
720
,466
,112
21,0
31,9
2930
,118
,774
34,1
90,1
7732
,297
,245
Pub
lics
..
......
..
..
......
..
..
.14
,852
,202
16,6
04,8
2118
,897
,661
20,5
55,1
5018
,237
,451
18,3
52,6
0325
,679
,190
29,9
95,6
2628
,694
,192
'3,4
20,0
00,
Non
publ
ic'
1,14
7,18
81,
506,
218
1,45
5,87
82,
255,
430
2,09
5,93
8'2
,574
,777
'4,2
85,6
96'4
,000
,000
Sub
colle
giat
e de
part
men
ts o
f ins
titut
ions
Pf
high
er e
duca
tion
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
59,5
4735
,682
'50,
903
'59,
400
641,
000
'87,
000
640,
000
'85,
000
Res
iden
tial s
choo
ls fo
r ex
cept
iona
l chi
ldre
n.
..
.37
,062
71,3
07'7
99,2
34'1
24,1
5355
,954
1°48
,894
Fed
eral
sch
ools
for
Indi
ans
(7)
(7)
(7)
18,6
4417
,222
19,9
7324
,522
33,8
51`3
2,70
032
,593
1125
,460
Fed
eral
sch
ools
on
Fed
eral
inst
alla
tiont
(7)
(7)
-(7)
(7)*
(7)
(5)
'19
,063
Gra
des
9-12
and
pos
tgra
duat
e69
9,40
31,
115,
398
2,50
0,17
64,
811,
800
7,12
9,97
96,
453,
009
9,59
9,81
014
,418
,301
15,4
26 5
26
Pub
lic'
..
519,
251
915,
061
2,20
0,38
94,
399,
422
6,60
1,44
45,
724,
621
8,48
4,86
9'1
,035
,247
13,0
21,7
1061
,300
,000
14,0
75,7
2561
,250
,000
Non
publ
ic'
. ,,
110,
797
117,
400
213,
920
341,
158
457,
768
' 672
,362
Sub
colle
giat
e de
par
tmen
ts o
f ins
titut
icin
s of
high
er e
duca
tion
65,8
5578
,932
81,3
6759
,287
54,0
7038
,162
'43,
209
523,
800
644,
000
'37,
000
'45,
000
'41,
000
Res
iden
tial s
choo
ls fo
r ex
cept
iona
l chi
ldre
n.
3,50
04,
005
'74,
500
'4,3
889,
727
"9,7
84F
eder
al s
choo
ls fo
r In
dian
s..
(7)
(7)
(7)
7,54
56,
970
8,08
011
,685
12,1
9163
,400
10,7
61' '
Fed
eral
sch
ools
on
Fed
eral
inst
alla
tions
(7)
(')(7
)(7
)(7
)(7
)1,
000
4,04
0
Hig
her
educ
atio
n:,
Res
iden
t deg
ree-
cred
it en
rollm
ent
237,
592
355,
215
597,
880
1,10
0737
1,49
4,20
32,
659,
021
' 3,2
15,5
447,
136,
075
'8,5
18,1
50
Pub
licly
con
trol
led
90,6
8916
6,56
031
5,38
253
2,64
779
6,53
11,
354,
902
'1,8
31,7
82'1
,383
,762
5,11
1,83
7'6
,388
,619
12,1
29,5
31P
rivat
ely
cont
rolle
d14
6,90
318
8,65
528
2,49
856
8,09
069
7,67
21,
304,
119
2,02
4,23
8
' Dat
a fo
r fir
st te
rm o
f the
aca
dem
ic y
ear.
2 In
clud
es r
esid
ent a
nd e
xten
sion
stu
dent
s.3
Exc
lude
s su
bcol
legi
ate
depa
rtm
ents
of i
nstit
utio
ns o
f hig
her
educ
atio
n, r
esid
entia
lsc
hool
s fo
r ex
cept
iona
l chi
ldre
n, a
nd F
eder
al s
choo
ls.
`Dat
a fo
r 19
11 -
12.
'Dat
a fr
om B
urea
u of
the
Cen
sus.
`Est
imat
ed.
Dat
a go
t ava
ilabl
e.'D
ata
for
1957
-58.
'Dat
a fo
r 19
26-2
7.
°Dat
a fo
r 19
45-4
6.D
ata
for
fall
1974
.2
Dat
a fo
r 19
17-1
8.
SO
UR
CE
S: (
1) U
.S. D
epar
tmen
t of H
ealth
, Edu
catio
n, a
nd W
elfa
re, N
atio
nal C
ente
rfp
r E
duca
tion
Sta
tistic
s, S
tatis
tics
of S
tate
Sch
ool S
yste
ms;
Fel
l Sta
tistic
sof
Pub
lic S
choo
ls; S
tatis
tics
of N
onpu
blic
Ele
men
tary
and
Sec
onda
ry S
choo
ls;
acad
emic
yea
r an
d fa
ll re
port
s on
enr
ollm
ent i
n in
stitu
tions
of h
ighe
r ed
ucat
ion;
and'
unpu
blis
hed
data
. (2)
U.S
. Dep
artm
ent o
f Com
mer
ce, B
urea
u of
the
Cen
sus,
Cur
rent
Pop
ulat
ion
Rep
orts
, Ser
ies
P-2
0. (
3) U
.S. D
epar
tmen
t of t
he In
terio
r,bu
reau
of I
ndia
n A
ffairs
, Sta
tistic
s C
once
rnin
g In
dian
Edu
catio
n.
Table 4.--Percent of the populatiqn 3 to 34 years old enrolled in school,1by race, sex, and age: United States, October 1974
Sex and age Total WhiteBlack andothe races Sex and age Totil
..,
WheBlack andother races
Total Black Total Black1 2 3 4 5 1 . 2 3' 4 5BOTH SEXES 14 and 15 years 98.0 98.2 96.4 96.1Total, 3 to 34 years 53.6 53.0 57.2 57.3 16 and 17 years ... . ..
18 and 19 years . . . . . . . .
88.645.8
88.245.5-
90.847.4
90.146.13 and 4 years . . . . . . . 28.8 28.6 29.9 29.1 20 and 21 years . . . . . 34.8 35.0 33.5 27.75 and 6 years , 94.2 94 4 93.0 92.8 22 to 24 years 19.4 19.2 20.3 16.07 to 9 years . . . ...... . . 99 1 99.2 99.0 99.2 25 to 29 years 12.7 12.8 11,9 10.410 to 13 years 99.5 99.4 99.7 99.8 i 30 to 34 years 6.7 6.4 9.5 9.714 and 15 years . . . . . 97.9 98.1 97.0 97.0
16 and 17 years 87.9 87.9 87.5 8'7.1 FEMALE18 and 19 years . . . . .
20 and 21 years . . . . . . .
43.130.2
42.630.7
46.327.1
44.023.4
'aTotal, 3 to 34 years 51.3 50.9 53.9 54.222 to 24 yvars . 15.1 15 2 14.3 12 1 3 and 4 years 29.5 29.5 29.6 28.025 to 29 years . . . . . 9.6 9.6 9.6 8.9 5 and 6 years ....... . . . . 93.9 94.0 93.4 93.830 to 34 years . . . . 5.7 5.5 7.0 6 9 7 to 9 years . . . . . . . .. 99.2 99.1 98.8 98.9
10 to 13 years .. . . . ..... 99.7 99.7 99.8 100.0MALE 14 and 15 years ..... . . . . 97.9 97.9 97.7 97.9Total, 3 to 34 years 56.0 55.2 60.8 603 16 and 17 years ......
18 and 19 years . . .
. . . . 87.140.7
87.639.9
84.345.3
84.242.13 and 4 years . ., . . . 28.1, 27.7 30.3 30.3 20 and 21 years 26.0 26.6 22.1 20.15 and 6 years 94.4 94.8 92.5 91.8 22 to 24 years 11.1 11.4 9.5 9.07 to 9 years . . 99.1 99.1 99.1 99.5 25 to 29 years . . . . 6.7 6.5 7.8 7.710 to 13 years 99.3 99.2 99.7 99 6 30 to 34 years 4.6 4.6 5.0 4.8
' Includes enrollment in any type of graded public, parochial, orother private school in the regular school system Includesnursery schools, kindergartens, elementary schogls, highschools, colleges, universities, and professional schbols At-tendance may be on either a full-time or part -time basis andduring the day or night. Enrollments in "special" schools,
such as trade schools or tlusiness college , are not included.NOTE.-Data are based upon a sample survey of the civilian
noninstitutional population.SOURCE U.S. Department of Coriimerce, Bureau of the
Census, Current Population Reports, Series P-20, No. 278.
Table 5.--Percent of the population 5 to 34 years old enrolled in school,by age: UnitedStates, October 1947 to October 1974
Year 4
Total,5 to 34
years5 years' 6 years, 7 to 9
years10 to 13
years14 and 15
years -16 and 17
years
P.18 and 19
years20 to 24
years25 to 29
years30 to 34
years1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 121947 . 42.3 E3.4 96.2 98,4 98.6 91 6 67.6 24.3 10.2 3.0 1.01948 . . 43 1 55 0 96 2 98.3 98.0 92 7 71.2 26.9 9.7 2.6 .91949 . . 43 9 55 1 96.2 98 5 98.7 93.5 69.5 25.3 9.2, 3.8 1.11950 . 442 51.8 970 98.9 98.6 947 71 3 29.4 9.0 3.0 .91951 . 45 4 53 8 96.0 99 0 99 2 94.8 75.1 26.3 8.3 2.5 .71952 . e 46.8 57 8 96.8 98.7 98.9 96.2 73 4 28.7 9.5 2 6 1.21953 . 48.8 58.4 97 7 99 4 94 96 5 74 7 31.2 11.1 2.9 1 71954 50.0 57.7 96.8 99.2 99 5 95.8 .78 0 '32.4 11.2 4.1 1.51955 . . 50 8 58 1 98 2 99.2 99 2 95 9 77.4 31.5 11.1 4 2 1.61956 . . 52 3 58.9 97.0 994 99.2 969 78 4 35 4 128 5.1 1.91957 536 60.2 97.4 99.5 995 971 805 349 14.0 5.5 1.81958 . 54.8 63 8 97 3 99 5 99 5 96.9 80 6 37.6 13.4 5.7 2.21959 . 55.5 62 9 97 5 99.4 99 4 97 5 82.9 36.8 12.7 5.1 2.21960 . 56 4 63.7 98 0 99 6 99 5 97.8 82.6 38 4 13.1 4.9 2.4-1961 56.8 66.3 97 4 99.4 99.3 97 6 83.6 38 0 13 7 4.4 2.01962 . 578 66.8 97 9 99.2 99.3 980 84 3 41.8 15 6 .0 261963 . 58.5 67 8 97.4 -99.4 99 3 98 4 87 1 40.9 17.3 4.9 2 51964 . 58.7 68.5 98.2 99 0 99 0 98 6- 87.7 41.6 16 8 5.2 2.61965 59 7" 70 1 98 7 99.3 99.4 98 9 87 4 46 3 19.0 6 1 3 21966 . . 60 0 72.8 97 6 99 3 99 3 98 6 88.5 47.2 .1919 6.5 2.7,1967 60 2 75 0 98 4 99 4 99 1 98 2 88.8 47 6 . 22 0 6.6 4.0'1968 60 0 74 9 98.3 99.1 99 1 98 0 90 2 50 4 21 4 7 0 3 91969 600 76.2 982 993 991 98.1 897 502 230 7.9 4.81970 . 58.9 77.7 98.4 99 3 99 2 98 1 90 0 47 7 21 5 ,, 7.5 4.21971 58.5 82 5 98 4 99 1 99 2 98 6 90 2 49 2 21 9 8.0 4.91972 . . 56 8 83.5 98.1 99 0 99 3 97 6 88.9 46.3 21.6 8.6 4.61973 . . 55.4 84 1 98.5 99.1 99 2 97 5 88 3 42 9 20.8 8 5 4.51974 , 55 2 87 0 98.7 991 99 5 97 9 87.9' 43,1 21 4 9 6 5.7
' Includes children enrolled in kindergarten, but excludes thoseenrolled in nursery schools
NOTE.- Data are based upon sample surveys of the civiliannoninstitutional population
SOURCES (1) U.S Departmen of Commerce. Bureau of theCensus, Current Population Reports, Series P-20. (2) U.S.Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, NationalCenter for Education Statistics, reports on PreprimaryEnrollment.
8
22
t
Taw. 6.- Percent of the population 3 to 34 years old enrolled in school, by age and by State: Spring 11100%
State
Percent enrolled, by age
Total, 3 to34 Oars
3 and4 years
5 and6 years
7 to13 years
14 and15 years
16 and17 years
18 and19 years
20 and21 years
22 to24 years
25 to34 years
1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
United States 54.3 12.5 -72.4 97.3' 95.9 89.3 56.6 30.7 14.6 6.1
Alabama 51.7 9.6 51.0 95.8 93.7 84.7 54.6 25.9 11.3 4.1
Alaska 46.9 13.9 77.2 96.9 95.3 8G.0 39.0 9.7 6.8 5.2Arizona . ..... . 55.7 13.7 70.5 96.7 94.3 86.5 56.7 32.0 17.8 9.1
Arkansas 51.0 6.2 44.4 95.5 94.1 84.7 51.9 27.3 10.3 3.5California. 55.4 2.P.3 83.6 97.9 96.9 91.9 55.9 30.9 19.9 10.0
ColoradoConnecticut
55.657.3
16.119.0
78.087.3
97.998.4
97.398.0
91.292.7
60.365.0
33.537.3
16.815.5
7.66.5
Delaware 54.4 15.9 78.5 97.6 98.7 90.7 55.8 25.6 10.5 5.7
District of Columbiff 50.8 25.7 81.5 96.9 95.4 87.3 59.9 18.7 9.3Florida 54.1 19.1 73.3 97.0 94.4 86.4 54.0 7.6 ,13.3 6.0
Georgia . ....... 48.9 11.2 59.9 96.0 93.6 81.7 47.2 2 6 9.9 3.952.4 24.5 87.4 96.7 95.8 90.8 53.1 22# 13.6 6.5
Idaho 55.6 5.3 56.7 96.7 95.3 91.6 63.5 32. 16.1 5.7
Illinois 55.2 12.4 80.5 97.7 96.9 90.3 56.6 32,2 15.0 6.0Indiana 54.0 8.6 70.5 97.6 96.8 88.2 55.3 30.9 13.4 5.2
Iowa, 56.4 7.4 73.7 97.1 95.3 91.3 62.2 37.1 14.3 4.9Kansas . . . .
....Kentucky... 55.7
49.511.35.9
74.152.3
97.595.6
96.393.2
90.779.7
60.844.9
34.223.5
16.311.3
6.34.2
Louisiana . . . . . 53.3 11.0 65.7 96.1 93.3 85.3 50.9 25.8 11.4 4.3Mane ....... . . 54.8 , 8.0 74.1 96.5 94.4 90.6 60.5 31.1 10.5 3.5
Maryland 54.0 15.8 79.9 97.8 96.8 89.3 53.4 28.2 13.5 6.13
Massachusetts.. . .. 56.7 14.0 77.5 98.3 97.5 91.7 63.9 39..9 17.9 7.5Michigan . . . .
; 56x7 10.2 81.6 98.0 97.4 90.9 56.9 32.2 15.7 6.7Minnesota . . . . . 57.2 8.5 73.2 98.2 97.5 95.1 62.6 36.9 15.5 5.5Mississippi 53.8 13.2 60.4 94.7 92.3 83.3 54.6 27.4 10.6 3.6
Missouri 54.3 10.1 74.1 57.1 95.6 87.6 54.2 31.0 14.1 5.8Montana 57.1 5.6 59.4 97.5 96.8 92.4 63.7. 36.& ' 17.9 5.8Nebraska 57.3 10.1 77.4 97.4 95.8 92.5 64.0 38.8 17.2 '5.8Nevada . . .
New Hampshire50.052.8
10,78.0
79.468.1
96.7a6.5
97.495.3
89.287 2
45.760.3
17.634.6
9.512.2
4.64.4
New Jersey , 55 5 14.2 81.1 98.1 97.1 92.1 58.0 30.8 13.1 5.8New Mexico 56 0 10.2 63.1 96 6 94.9 88 8 56.8 27.5 5,8 7.5New York 54.6 15.0 81.8 97.4 96.6 91.1 61.4 34.5 15.6 6.3North Carolina . 49.0 9.8 52.0 95.8 94.2 83 5 49.8 23.9 9.6 3.4North Dakota . 57.7 43 58.0 97.0 95.9 92.9 68.3 38.4 15.4 5.4
Ohio 54.8 95 73.4 97.8 97.0 91.6 57.0 31.1 13.6 4.9Oklahoma . . 54 1 11 0 7Q.6 96.9 95.2 89.6 57.1 31.8 1.4.8 6.0Oregon 56.2 11 3 66.5 97.7 97.2 92.8 61.7 37.0 7.9Pennsylvania 55.4 10.7 78.7 97.6 96 7 91.4 55.3 31 7 12.8 I 5.1
Rhode Island . 53.5 14.3 82.3 97.9 96.4 87.7 57 9 27.8 12.2 6.5
South Carolina 49.5 8.7 53.3 95.7 93.3 82.7 48.4 20.6 7.5 3.1
South Dakota . 60.0 7.1 72.6 97.5 95.4 92.6 ' 66.6 40 2 16.7 4.7
Tennessee 49.9 88 54.7 95.5 92.4 83 0 48.9 27.6 12.9 4.3Texas . . . 52.1 11 6 54.9 96.5 94.6 86.7 56.1 28.7 13.9 5.5
Utah . . . . 61 0 10.2 77.6 97.9 97.3 94.3 67.7 43.3 32.9 12.6
Vermont . . 54 6 8.9 69.0 96 7 94 9 90.1 64 4 40.9 12.8 39Virginia 49.8 11.4 57.5 96.9 95.2 86.9 53.5 23,1 10.6 49Washington 55.3 13.6 76 4 98.0 96.7 92.1 60.1 31.1 16.4 7.2
West Virginia 51 4 3.9 45.0 95.2 92.7 83.8 53.7 30.2 11 5 4.0Wisconsin 57.5 91 76.8 98 3 97.1 94.0 61.6 36 3 15.9 5.5
Wyoming . . 55.6 5.9 67.1 97.2 95 7 91 4 61.1 33.4 15.8 63
SOURCE. U S Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1970, General Social and EconomicCharacteristics, Series PC(1) -Cl
9
23
Tab
le 7
,--N
umbe
r of
teac
hers
1 in
ele
men
tary
and
sec
onda
rysc
hool
s, a
nd in
stru
ctio
nal s
taff
mem
bers
= in
inst
itutio
nsof
hig
her
educ
atio
n:U
nite
d S
tate
s, 1
929-
30 to
197
3-74
ILe
vel o
f ins
titut
ion,
by
type
of s
choo
l19
29-3
019
39-4
019
49-5
019
59-6
019
69-7
019
73-7
4M
enW
omen
Men
Wom
enM
ena
Wom
enM
enW
omen
,M
enW
omen
Men
'W
omen
12
34
56
78
910
11
113
All
leve
ls21
6,27
561
1175
129
6,33
179
9.75
236
7,49
6$6
1,01
265
7,70
61,
173,
550
1,14
0,66
0.
<
1,66
9.24
31,
(34,
016
1,77
4,03
0E
lem
enta
ry a
nd s
econ
dary
sch
ools
154,
983
795,
178
212,
084
769,
182
221,
635
823,
590
430,
436
1,11
9,31
471
5,66
01,
548,
243
785,
618
1,62
2,43
0t-
Ele
men
tary
sch
ools
(in
clud
ing
kind
er-
gart
ens)
'-
.-
.-
--
68,7
0563
3,81
970
,187
569,
860
58,4
0760
7,25
1112
4,56
682
8,86
5)9
1,02
41,
080,
443
21 3
,1 2
3
<
1,11
4,85
7P
ublic
57,2
3957
3,71
867
,140
508,
060
5292
553
6,65
311
7,61
671
6,15
617
6,12
495
0,34
319
7,42
397
8,55
7N
onpu
blic
41,4
664
60,1
013,
047
61,8
00' 5
,482
670,
605
' 6,9
5051
12,7
09'1
4,90
051
30,1
0051
5,70
051
36,3
00S
econ
dary
sch
ools
(in
clud
ing
Juni
or,
seni
or, j
unio
r -
seni
or, a
ndre
gula
r hi
gh s
choo
ls)'
82,6
8915
2,40
5,
138,
384
192,
023
,15
8,53
620
7,74
129
9,23
927
7,92
1
.. 516,
776
454,
010
564,
645
c49
3,82
3P
ublic
74,5
3213
3,77
412
6,83
717
3,44
014
2,04
318
2,05
027
5,05
424
6,13
248
0,07
641
6,71
052
5,44
545
4,02
3N
onpu
blic
68,1
5713
,631
11,5
4718
,583
616,
493
' 25,
691
' 24,
185
' 31,
789
' 36,
700
' 37,
300
' 39,
200
5 39
,800
Mce
llane
ous
elem
enta
ry a
ndse
cond
ary
scho
ols.
-4
Sub
colle
giat
e de
part
men
ts o
f col
lege
s.
..
1,56
41,
251
1,96
81,
751
3,03
12,
785
3,97
35,
739
'3,0
00'3
,800
'3,0
00'3
,800
Pub
licly
con
trol
led
..
..
..
..
.33
924
652
436
91,
447
1,65
12,
222
3,93
5'1
,700
'2,6
00'1
,700
'2,6
00P
rivat
ely
cont
rolle
d.
..
..
....
..1,
225
1,00
514
441,
384
1,58
41,
134
1,75
11,
804
51,3
0051
,200
'1 ,3
00'1
,200
Res
iden
tial s
choo
ls fo
r ex
cept
iona
lch
ildre
n61
,578
`6,5
7171
,107
74,5
99'1
,148
'4,7
71'1
,900
'5,6
00'3
,800
'8,4
00'3
,800
1,8,
400
Fed
eral
sch
ools
for
Indi
ans
447
1,13
243
894
775
1371
,035
7758
71,1
8371
,060
71,5
90'1
,050
'1,5
50A
Inst
itutio
ns o
f hig
her
educ
atio
n'61
,292
23,5
8086
,247
30,5
7014
5,86
144
,492
227,
270
54,7
365
425,
000
'121
,000
g 44
8,40
011
51,6
00P
ublic
ly c
ontr
olle
d25
,401
12,9
0435
,702
14,3
1166
,462
21,2
4511
6,83
627
;705
'272
,100
'79,
900
'312
,800
'108
,800
Priv
atel
y co
ntro
lled
35,8
9110
,676
50,5
4516
,259
79,3
9923
,247
,11
0,43
426
,531
'152
,900
' 41,
100
6135
,600
'42,
800
Incl
udes
libr
aria
ns a
nd g
uida
nce
and
psyc
holo
gica
lpe
rson
nel w
hen
not s
epar
atel
yre
port
ed; e
xclu
des
supe
rvis
ors
and
prin
cipa
ls.
'Incl
udes
facu
lty fo
r re
side
nt in
stru
ctio
nin
deg
ree-
cred
it co
urse
s; e
xclu
des
facu
ltyen
gage
d in
adm
inis
trat
ion,
res
earc
h, e
xten
sion
wor
k,et
c.3
Exc
lude
s su
bcol
legi
ate
depa
rtm
ents
of
inst
itutio
ns o
f hig
her
educ
atio
n, r
esid
entia
lsc
hool
s fo
r ex
cept
iona
l chi
ldre
n, a
nd F
eder
al s
choo
ls.
Dat
a fo
r 19
27-2
8.'E
stim
ated
.D
ata
for
t926
-27.
'Dis
trib
utio
n by
sex
est
imat
e.'D
ata
for
1945
-46.
'Beg
inni
ng in
195
9-60
, dat
a ar
e fo
r th
e fir
stte
rm o
f the
aca
dem
ic y
ear.
NO
TE
.-B
egin
ning
in 1
959-
60, i
nclu
des
Ala
ska
and
Haw
aii.
SO
UR
CE
S: U
S. D
epar
tmen
t of H
ealth
, Edu
cliti
on, a
nd W
elfa
re,
Nat
iona
l Cen
ter
for
Edu
catio
n S
tatis
tics,
Bie
nnia
l Sur
vey
of E
duca
tion
in th
e U
nite
d St
ites,
Sta
tistic
sof
Sta
te S
choo
l Sys
tem
s, F
acul
ty a
nd O
ther
Pro
fess
iona
l Sta
ffin
inst
itutio
ns o
fH
ighe
rE
duca
tion,
and
unp
ublis
hed
dote
,
Table 9.-Estimeted number of classroom teachers in elementary andsecondary schools, and total instructional staff for resident courses in
institutions of higher education: United States, fall 1974and fall 1975'
a
(Full-time and part -time touchers end stuff) *
Level of instruction end type of control Fell 1974 Fall 1975
1 3
Tout elementery, secondary, end higher .
education 3,041,000 3,069,000
Public 2,633,000 2,660,000Nonpublic 408,000 409,000
Elementery end secondary clessroom touchers inregular end other schools' 2,408,000 2,415 000
Public 2,175,000 2,184,000Nonpublic 233,000 231,800
Elementery clessroom touchers in riigulsr endother schools' 1,325,000 1,317,000
Public 1,173,000 1,165,000Nonpublic 152,000 . 152 000
Secondary clessroom tesche.a in regular andother schools' 1,083,000 1,098,000
Public . . 1,002,000 1,019,000Nonpublio. 81,000 79,000
Higher education instructions! :toff for residentcourses !first term)' 633,O" b 654,000
Public 458,000 se' 416,000Nonpublic 175,000 178,000
The 1974:figures for nonpublic end bther elementery end secondsry'schools end forinstitutions of higher education, end ell 1975 figures, are estimates. Date fornonpublic elementary end secnndary schools are not es complete es those for publicschools, consequently, the estimates for nonpublic schools are not as reliable esthose for public schools or for higher education. The estimates for 1975 are derivedfrom expected enrollment changes combinad with the long-term trend in pupil -teacher ratios.
'The figures include elementery and secondary clessroom teachers sn regular public"'end nonpublic schools end other, schools, such es Federal schools for Indians,federally opersttd schools on posts, subcollegiete deportments of colleges, endresidential schools for exceptional children. For 1974, the numbers of such teachersare estimated es 12,000 in public end 2,000 in nonpublic elementary schools; 4,000in public end 3,000 in nonpublic secondary schools.
'Includes full-time end part-time staff with rank of instructor or above end jPniorstuff, such es gradoste assistants, for instruction in resident courses,.V'
SOURCES: Surveys end estimates of the Notional Center for( Education Statistics,U.S. Department of Health, Education, end Welfare.
e.
2511
Table 9.-Nurnber of local basic administrative units (school districts),and number of schools, by level andcontrol and by State: 1973-74
'State or
other area
-----7'..-
Public school systems
CombinedalimihtarY'secondary
schools
Nonpublic
Elementary
,
schools'
kcondarys
Inoitutionshigher oducation'
Public
of
PrivateSchooldistricts
*
Schoolswitn
elementarygrades only
Schoolswith
secondarygrades only'
1 0 L 3 4 5 6 ;7 8 ' it.._United States .. 16,730 62,749 23,585 / . 2 321 4ab.. 14,372 3,770 1,200 1.b20.
Alabama 126 k'6,
287 537 197 76 --30 21Alaska . 32 244 60 34 13 8 1 2Arizona 291 R03 ' 188 3 100 28 15 6Arkansas " 385 716 . 416 ,-' - - 58 r 14 8 , 11California ...... . . 1,054 5,531 1,506 -- 1,234--..: 333 117 104Colorado . . . ...... 181 815 4111 6 151 38 21 12Connecticut .. ...... .165 889 243 - - 259 95 21 26Dslivar . . ...... 24 139 50 . 11 43 15 3 4'District of Columbia . . 1 135 54 2 49 33 3 14Florida 67 1,420 466. 65 354 11'6 37 29Georgia 188 1,121 335 343
.94" U 49 31 '31
Hawaii 1` ' 160 51 8 60 14 9 4Idaho . . . . . 4 1 1 5 370 173 ' 10 38 , ' 8 6 3Illinois, . 1,060 3,385 1,123 73 1,053 172 50 87Indiana . . . . . . . . 305 1,469 . 526 177 373 51 6 39lows ..... . . . 451 1.293 696 - - 254 - 46 ia 37Kansas . . . . . . . 309 1,145 509 - - ' 144 32 26 24Kentucky . . , . . 188 1,123 358 -.- 217 48 8 28Louisiana 66 843 384 211 ', 322 105 12 11Maine . . . 286 720 130 10 71 36 4 14Maryland 24 991 311
.35 266 95 ' 25. 22Massechusett. . .. . . . . 396 1,927 585 - 477 193 31 87Michigan -
Minsota . . . .ne . . 4 1 !2,9071,180
1 , 1 1 1
632- -
6'700401 '
17061
4226
4631Mississippi 150 654 429 - 166 123 24 14
Missouri . . . . 576 1,544 715 - 432 89 22 51Montana . . . . . . 682 641 198 - 49 14 9Nebraska . . . . . 1,356 1,478 398 -- 181 45 13 1Nevada .. ...... 17 079 76 - 16 3 5 1New Hampshire 167 362 , 83 20 81 32' 1,0 15N e w Jersey . . . . . . 601 4 2,052 4425 - 304- 163 28 33New Mexico . . . . . 88 426 216 6 64 19 8 3New York . . . . 751 3,099 1,145 192 1,476' 420 80 179,North Carolina .. 150 1,430 479 122 142 ' 53 56 43 \North Dakota . . . . 367 495 299 - - - 46 12 ....43 3Ohio 621 3,149 1,019 . 1 703 149 33 71Oklahoma . . . . . . 637 1,179 701. 1 45 12 ' 26 14Oregon ........ .339 4346 333 5 120 33 20 . ' 20Pennsylvania . . . . . . 504 3,094 1,037 189 1,217 267, 32 114Rhode Island . 40 324 64 3 108 r, 30 3 10South Carolina . 93 814 344 32 128 i.30' 23 24South Dakota . 231 678 222 , 75 ' , 18' 6 13Tennessee . . . . . 146 1,320 '370 73 118 38' .19 43Texas . 1,146 3,254 2,049 475 . 126 81 55Utah . . . 40 373 167 17 23 ,, 5 9 -. 4Vermont . . . 272 340 58 , 12 J8 - 18 , 6 14Virginia . 138 1,237 473 ' 81
,
2097. 80 36 34Washington . 314 1,t31 539 46 191 53 31 12West Virginia , . . 55 -950 348 .... 43 15 15 10Wisconsin . . . 434 1,694 618 - 682 ' 115 , . 29 30Wyoming 60 264 115 .- - 15, 1 8 ' 0U S. Service Schools . - - -' e / 7 0
Outlying areas:'
.
American Samoa . . 1 28 .5. S (5) , . (3) 1 '0'Canal Zone . 1 17 5 ... (5) ,(/) 1 0Guam . . .. 1 29 9 , .. (/) (") ) 1 0Puerto Rico . . . . . 1 ' 1,543 ' 236 -1 202 (5) ( 3' 8Virgin Islands . 25 5 2 (5) (g) 1 0
' Data for 1970-71Includes universities, libeial arts colleges, teacheis collegesand other independent professional schools, and juniorcolleges.
'Includes regular 4-year high schools, Junior high schools,senior high schools, and iunior-senior high schools
4 Data for 1972.73.
'Data not available..
SOURCES. U.S. Department of Health, Educationand Wal-lah:, National Center for Education. Statistics, 'Statistics ofPdblec Elementary and gecondary Day Schools, Fall 1974,unpublished data from the survey of Nonpublic Elementaryand Secondary Education, 1970-71; and education threcory:Higher Educated'', 1973-74,
12
26
an
oas
EDUCATION OF MEN AND WOMEN:N THE UNITED STATES
The United Nations has designated the year 1975 asInternational Women's Year (IWY) with the goals ofequality, development, and peace. The year is beingobserved in the United States- M a variety of ways,including the establishment of a National Commissionon 'Alic IWY by executive order of the President. Inview of the ,widewead interest m educational oppor-tunity for women, this would seem to be an appropri-ate time to compare the level of education attained bymen and women in the United States.,
In its recent survey of educational attainment,conducted in March 1974, the Bureau of the Census ,found no appreciable difference in the number ofschool years completed by adult men and women inthis country. The median number of school yearscompleted by men ZS years of age and over was 12.4Years, and the comparable figure for women 25 andover was 12.3 years. Young men 22 to 24 years of agehad finished 12.9 years of school, while young womenin the same age group had completed 1,2.8 years. Oldermen and women in the population, particularly those65 years of age and over, had spent significantly lesstime in school than had the young and the middle-aged.
tors'
Figure 2 provides a profile of the level of educationthat can be expected for those who were 17 years ofage in the all of 1973. Three-fourths of themgraduated from high school (73 percent of the boysand 77 percent of the girls). About 45 percent of them(slightly more boys than girls) have entered or willenter a degree-credit program in a college or university.Approximately one-fourth of them (again slightly Moreboys than girls)*ill earn a bachelor's degree. About 8percent of the boys and 7 percent of the girls willeventually obtain a master's degree.
Up to and including the master's level, the differ-ence in educational attainment between males andfemales has been very slight indeed. It is in theattainment of doctor's degrees and professional degreesthat men still clearly predominate in this country. Inthe early 1980's it is anticipated that men will still beearning more than three times as many doctorates andmore than five times as many first-professional degreesas women.
4W. VANCE GRANT
Specialist in educational statistics
Figure 2.--Level of education expected for persons 17 years of age in the fall of 1973
News Wiwi 17-year-ols1Nye MI 1973.
There we hie Scheelititititititttt
thole wit 47 lbsl8tee coltega
25 we totted 10 wig 24 are expected le movielicherees dopes le 1978 1 bachelor's degrees in 1978
ffl
GNIL3'
Foe wiry hundred 17year-o10girls in tall. 1973
There were 77 hips schoolgraduates in 1974
militmMOM
44 tlThen were 44Incollege students fall. 1974
11 are amid le ice* 7 are waled kr receivemodel degrees in 1979weirs degrees ie 1979
2 we wooded le meta vr (one in 200) Is expected lo
1
PILO sin 1112 receive a PhD m 1912
*Eke Opals runnels 10 woes
rrtoTE - This char shows the years in cinch a person viva: attain venous levels of educahon if he or she continued of school ona furl tone basis and graduated in normal progressionI. &Iwo ;mho osaecutry at the Ng* educatzin level some students are enrolled on a part time basis and nature a longer oenod of terse to earn a degree Other students return to
211p, r amerce of n= mon years The fig.res therefore should tie regarded as inournatiOns only
SOURCE i; °partneri of Hearin Education arol Welfare National Center for Education Statistic's Progtatons of Educational Stabstics to 1983-84 and unpublished data
13
27
Table 111-Estimated retention rates,' 5th grads through college entrance, in public and nonpublic schools:United States, 192442 to 1966-74
School year pupilsentered5th goatee
. Retention per 1,000 pupils who sntered 5th grade High school graduation First-time
collegestudents
,
5th "Msgrade le
itkgrade
8thgrade
0thgrade
10thgrade
11thgrade
12thgrade "urn' Year of
gra6 'ation1 2 - 4 . 5 6 7 8 9 - 10 11 12
1924-25 1,00C .11 798 741 612 470 384 344 302 1932 1181926-27 . . . . 1,000 919 824 754, 677 552 453 400 333 1934 1291928-29 1,000 939 847 805 736 624 498 432 378 1936 137 .1930-31 1,000 943 872 824 770 662 529 463 417 1938 1481932-33 1,000 936 889 831 786 664 570 510 455 1940 1601934-35 1.,000 953 892 °'2 803 711 610 512 467 1942 1291936-37 1,000 9E1 89v .49 839 704 554 425 393 1944 1211938 -39 1,000 95b 9* 853 796 655 532 444 419 1946 (9)1940.41 1,000 968 91u 836 781 697 566 507 481 1948 (2)1942-43 j,000 954 909 847 807 713 604 539 505 1950 2051944-46 1,000 952 929 868 848 748 650 549 522 1952 234194647 1,000 954 945 919 872 J75 641 583 553 1954 2831948-49 . . . . . . 1,000 984 956 929 863 795 ?06 619 581 1956 3011950.51 ...... . . . 1,0017 981 968 921 886 609 709 632 582 1958 3901952-53 . . . . . . . . 1,Q00 974 985 936 904 835 746 667 621 1960 3281954-55 1,000 980 979 948 915 855 759 684 642 1962 343195657 1,000 965 984 948 930 871 790 728 676 1964 382Fail 1958 1,000 983 979 961 946 908 842 761 732 1966 384Fail 1960 . . . . 1,000 960 973 967 -552 913 858 787 749 1968 i 452Fall 1962 1,000 987 977 967 959 928 860 790 750 1970 461Fail 1964 . . . . 1,000 988 985 976 975 942 866 791 748 19728 433Fall 1966 1,000 989 986 985 985 959 871 783 744 1974 449Rates for the 5..h -grade through high school graduation arebased on enrollments in successive grades n successive yearsin pOblic elementary and seconds& schools and are adjustedto include estimetas for nonpublif schools. Rates for first-time college enrollment include full-time and part -timestudents enrolled in programs creditable toward a bachelor'sdegree.
2Data not available.
NOTE.-Beginning with the class in the 5th grade in 19'58, dataare based on fall enrollment and exclude ungraded
pupils. The net e feet of these changes is to increasehigh school graduation and college entrance ratessl ghtly.
SOURcES U.S. Dipartment of Health, Education, and Wel-fart, National Center for Education Statistics, biennialSurvey of Education in the United States; Statistics ofState School Systems; Fall Statistics of Public Elementaryand Secondary Day Schools; and unpublished data.
lame I 1.--LaV41 OT salmi commis° oy persons age Az ana over ana it, to iv, Dy race: unison butes, 1V-11: TO 1111/0
Race, age, and date
"
Percent, by level ofschool completed Median
schoolyearscorncorn-
plated
Race, age, and date
Percent, by level ofschool completedope Median
schoolyearscorn-
plated
-Mss than5 years ofelemen-
tary school
4 yearsof highschool
or more
4 or moreyears ofcollegs
Less than5 years ofelemen
tary school
4 yearsof highschool
or more
, 4 or moreyears ofcollege
1 2 3 -4 5 1 2 3 4 5WHITE AND NON.
WPIltE25 and over
1910: . . . .1920' . . . . . .
1930' . . . .
April 1940April 1950 .
April 1960March 1970March 1974 . . .March 1975 . . .
25 tr. 29:April 1940 . . .April 1!150April 1960 . . . .
March 1970 .
March 1974 . . .
March 1975 . . . .
WHITE25 and over-
April 1940April 1950 . . .
April 1960 .
March 1970 . .
March 1974March 1975 . . . .
23.822.017.511510.88.35.34.44.2
.. 94.6251.11.21.0
10.98.7 -6.74 2153.3
13.516.419.124.133.441.1,
, 55.261.267.6
37.851 760.775.481583.2
26 135.543.257.461364.6
2.7133.94.6607.7
11.013.313.9
5.87 7
11 116.420 722.0
4 96 48.1
11.614 014.5
s
818 28A8.69.3
10.512 212.312.3
10 412112:312.612.812 8
8 79.7
10.812,212.412.4
25 to 29..1920' .. . . .
April 1940 ,April 1950April 1960 . . . .
March 1970 .
March 1974 . . .
March 1975
NONWHITE
25 and overApril 1940 . .
April 1950April 1960 .
March 1970 . . . .
March 1974 .
Much 1975
25 to 291920' . . .
April 1940 .. .
April 1950 . . . .
April 1960 . . . .
March 1970 .
March 1974 . .
March 1975 . . . .
12.93.43.22.2
.91 11 0
41.831.423.514312.211.8
44 626.715.47.22.21,80.7
-.22.041 255 263377.883.484.5
7.713.a21336.f44.346.4
6.812 123.438.658.471.373.8
4.56.481
11.817.322.022.9
1.32.2356.18.09.1
.
1 21.62.85 4
10.011.015.2
8.510.712.212.312.612.8'12.8
536.98 2
10.111.111.4
5.47.18 7
10.812.212.512.6
' Estimates based on retrojectoon of 1940 census dans oneducation by age.
ti
NOTE.-Prior to 1950, data exclude Alaska and House' Data for1974 and 1975 are for the noninstitutional population
14
28
SOURCES. U.S. Departnient of Commerce, Bureau of theCensus, 1960 Census of Population. Vol. 1, Part 1; CUrrentPopulation Rvorts, Series P-20, Series P-1g, No. 4, and1960 Census Monograbh, Education of the AmericanPopulation, by John K Folger and Charles 8. Nam.
Table 12.-Median school years completed by persons 25 years old and over, by sex, race, and State: 1970
State
Totalpopulation,
25 yearsold and
over
Men Women
Total White BlackPersons of
Spanishheritage
Total White BlackPersons of
Spanishheritage
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
United States 12.1 12.1 12.1 9.4 9.9 12.1 12.1 10.0 9.4
Alabama 10.8 10.7 11.6 71 12.8 10.9 11.6 8.5 12.5Alaska - 12.4 12.5 12.6 12.3 12.6 12.4 12,6 12.3 12.5Arizona 12.3 12.3 12.3 9.4 9.3 12.2 12.1 9.9 8.8Arkansas 10.5 10.2 10.8 7.1 12.2 10.8 11.3 8.3 12.1California 12.4 12.4 12.5 11.9 10.8 12.3 12.4 12.0 10.4
Colorado 12.4 12.4 12.4 12.2 lop 121 12.4 12.2 9.8 "Connecticut 12.2 12.2 12.2 10.5 10.4 12.2 12.2 1 1 k - 98Delaware 12.1 12.1 12.3 9.6 12.3 12.1 12.2 10.2 12.1District of Columbia 12 2 12.2 15.1 11.1 13.4 12.2 12.8 11.5 12.4Florida 12.1 12.1 12.2 8.3 11.9 12.1 12.2 9.2 10.4
Georgia ........ . . . . . 10.8 10.8 11.6 7.3 12.9 10.8 11.5 8.3 12.6Hawaii 12.3 ,, 12.3 12.7 12.5 12.0 12.3 12.6 12.7 11.5Idaho 12.3 12.2 12.2 12.1 8.8 12.3 12.3 12.0 9.0Illinois 12.1 12.1 12.2 10.5 9.4 12.1 12.1 10.8 9.0Indiana . . . . . . 12.1 12.1 12.1 10.2 10.6 12.1 12.1 10.8 10.5
Iowa 12.2 12.2 12.2 10.8 12.1 12.3 12.3 11.0 12.1Kansas 12.3 12.3 12.3 10.7 11.2 12.3 12.3 11.0 10.7Kentucky . . . . ....... . . 9.9 9.5 9.6 8.9 ;- 42.7 10.3 10.3 9.7 12.6Louisiana 10.8 10.7 12.0 1.4 12.2 10.8 11.0 8.3 12.0Maine .......... . . . . . . , 12.1 12.1 12.1 12.3 12.9 12.2 12.2 12.3 12.5
Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . 12 1 12.1 12.3 9.5 13.1 12.1 12.2 10.3 12.5Massachusetts 12.2 12.2 12.2 11.6 12.1 12.2 12.3 11.7 11.4Michigan 12.1 12.0 12.1 10.2 10.4 12.1 12.2 10.9 10.7Minnesota 12.2 12.1 12.1 12.1 12.3 12.3 12.3 12.0 12.2Mississippi r 10.1 10.4 12.1 6.5 12.7 10.9 12.1 8.1 12.4
Missouri 11.8 113 12.0 9.7 12.3 11.8)
12.0 10.3 12.1Montana 12.3 12.2 12.2 12.3 11.4 12.3 12.4 12.2 12.0Nebraska 12.2 12.2 12.2 10.8 10.8 12.3 12.2 11.4 11.3Nevada . . . . ........ . . , 12 4 12 4 12.4 10.7 12.1 12.4 12.4 10.7 12.0New Hampshire . 12.2 12.2 12.2 12.5 12.7 12.2 12.2 12.5 12.4
New Jersey . . . . . 12 1 12.1 12.2 10.2 8.4 12.1 12.1 10.7 - 8.0New Mexico ...... . . . . 12.2 12.2 12.3 11.2 9.8 12.1 .", 12.2 10.6 9.6New York . . . . . . . 12.1 12.1 12.2. 10.8 8.8 12.1 12.1 10.9 8.3North Carolina 10.6 10.3 10.8 7.9 12.8 10.8 11.2 9.0 12.5North Dakota
,. - 12 0 10.8 10.9 12.6 1.2.6 .: 12.2 12.2 12.3 12.3
Ohio ...... . . . . . . . . 12.1 12.1 12.1 10.3 11.3 12.1 12.1 10.8 1'1.2
Oklahoma . . . . . . 12.1 12.1 12.1 10.0 12.1 12.1 12.1 10.4 11.712.3 12.3 12.3 10.8 12.1 12.3 12.3 11.4 12.0
Pennsylvania . . . .. . . . . . . 12.0 11.9 12.0 10.1, 8.2 12.0 12.1 10.6 7.6Rhode Island . . . . . . . 11.5 11.5 11.5 10.8 12.2 11.6 11.6 10.8 11.8
South Carolina . . . 10.5 .10 3 11.4 7.1 12.8 10.6 11.4 8.1 12.5South Dakota . . . f> . 12.1 11.5 11.6 12.3' 11.9 12.2 12.3 12.3 11.9Tennessee . . . . . . 10 6 10.4 10.9 8 4 12.9 10.8 11.2 9.0 12.6Texas 11.6 11.7 12.0 9.3 7.6 11.6 11.9' 10.0 7.0Utah , 12.5 12.6 12.6 11.7 10.7 12.4 12.4 11.3 10.5
Vermont . . . . . . . . 12.2 12.1 12 1 12.4 12.6 12 3 12.3 12.2 12 6Virginia .. .. , ..... 11.7 11.4 12.1 8.0 13 0 11.8 12.1 9.0 12.6Washington . . 12 4 12.4 12 4 12.0 12.0 12.4 12.4 11.6 11.9West Virginia . . 10 6 10 3 10.3 8.9 12.3 10.8 10.8 10.0 12.2..Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1 12.1 12.1 10.0 10.2 12.2 12.2 10.7 10.7Wyoming . . . . . 12.4 12.3 12.3 11.3 9.0 12.4 12.4 11.0 9.5
SOURCE. U S Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1970 General Social and EconomicCharacteristics, Series PC(11-C
15
Z9
Table 13.--Years of school completed by periods 25 years old and over, by State: 1970
State
Number ofpersons 25years old
andover
Pe centage distribution, by years of school complatid
Total
Noschoolyears
completed
Elementary school High school College
1 to 4years
5 or 6years
7 8years years
1 to 3years
4years
1 to 3years
4years
5 or moreyears
1
United States
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
AlabamaAlaskaArizonaArkansas ....... . .
California
ColoradoConnecticut
DelawareDistrict of ColumbiaFlorida
GeorgiaHawaii .....Idaho .......IllinoisIndiana . . . . . .....
KansasKentuckyLouisianaMaine
MarylandMassachusettsMichiganMinnesota . . .
Mississippi ....Missouri . . . .
Montana . .....Nebraska . . . .
Nevada ... .. . . .
New Hampslite
New Jersey . . . .
New MexicoNew York .North Carolina . . . . . .
North Dakota
Ohio . . . ....... . .
Oklahoma . . .
Oregon . . .
Pennsylvania .
Rhode Island . . . .
South Carolina . . . . .
South Dakota . . .
Tennessee .
Texas . .
Utah . . . .
VermontVirginiaWashingtonWest Virginia .
Wisconsin .
Wyoming
109.669,359 100.0 1.6 3.1 5.7 4.4 1 12.8 19a4 31.1 10.6 6.1 4.61,806,798
134,948915,737
1,057,51210,875,983
1,141,1381,685,598
287,395423,051-
3,967,881
2,355,810384,843368,912
6,089,3282,746,414
1,540,5881,225,9881,713,2981,809,914
537,823
2,082.5493,142,4634,594,4611,990,3671,111,789
2,602,279364,508804;623265.089397,681
4,056,606489,623
10,418,5552,646,272
318,339
5,700,3171.422,5691,156,0246,689,938
524,082
1,283,837349,497
2,127,9465,817,155
492,337
232,6432,446,0821,825,888
969,4362,329,796
175,649
100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0r
100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0
100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0
100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0
100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0
100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0
100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0
100.0100 0100.0100.0100.0
100.0100,0100.0100.0100.0
100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0
2.42.52.5 -2.11.5
1.01.81.21.21.6
2.23.0
.71.2
.9
.6
.7
1.73.9
.9
1.1
191.1
.72.7
.98.7
6.9
1.633222.01,0
1.01.2
.71.4222.6
61.73.0
9
.816
.71.6
98
8.33.43.68.42.8
2.22.52.6.4.14.3
8.95.31.62.9231.31.67.7921.9
3.5232.61.79./3.42.01.71.5:1.4
5.63.18.03.1
2.54.41.62.83.2
9.52.17.86.31.1
156.015582.318
10.73.14.58.94.0
3.14.84.96.36.4
9.35.8264.64.1
2.72.88.3
10.34.0
7.1484.13.2934.93.12.82.53.5
5.85.658984.5
4.6^ 5.8
2.85.76.3
100328.77.42.0
338.32.68.84.02.7
6.52.33.25.62.7
2.74.14.14.64.1
7.52.52.63.73.9
3.03.15.96.43.6
6.13.83.73.55.3
4.63.12.81.93.4
8.97.1
11.015.28.8
11.112.910.57.7
11.4
8.48.2
14.316.215.4
18.516.121.2
8.715.0
9.79.9
13.519.411.7
20 016.217.38.7
15.3
4.4 13.13.17 9.41,9- 1308.5 8.84.4 25.7
374.73.24.55.6
13.413.513.214.712.9
7.3 8.7'3.2 24.857 1615.4 8.22:0 7.6
3.28.72.85.6372.4
17.67.6
11.419.1189124
21.914.9
'17.119.917.6
16.117.922.120.919.6
23.213.318.718.820.5
15:015.816.619.219.8
20.318.922.114.020.3
17.415.715.419.617.8
19.517.119.424.411.0
21 518.918.520.623.5
24.112.818.322.419.2
16720.017.617615.717 1
25.937.731.625.632.8
34.431.731.726.230.7
22.435.934.631.936.1
38.735.824.124.735.1
26.
7.514.913.97.6
16.4
14.610.79.8
11.211.6
9.012.015.010.48.5
11.112.77.28.5
11.2
501° 9.911.09.7
12.09.0
34.933.734.523.9
30.634.037.238.934.4
31.830.031.221.727.6
35.3'30.035.034.529 0
20.631.225.7
.25.135.9
33025.236.227.634836.2
9314.112.415.512.3
8.812.5968.4
14.3
8.711.6
13.3
8.0
8.313.68.2
11.t17.4
12.610.314.57.39.9
14.8
5.17.86.74.27.0
8.5' 7.8
7.58.16.3
6.17.76.26.04.5
5.56.64.25.55.5
7.46.85.16.65.4
5.26.95.76.36.9
7.06.86.25.55.2
5.35.86.4
5.4
6.25.34.96.47.6
7.07.26.74.05.87.2
2.76.45.92.56.5
6.45.95.6,9.74.0
3.26.33.84.33.9
3.64.83.03.62.9
6.65.74.34.52.7
3.84.13.94.5
3.9
4.96.05.62.93.2
4.04.35.43.74.0
273.3
, 3.0_
4.56.4
4.5'516.12.8.4.04.6
NOTE -Because of rounding, percents may not add to 100 0
SOURCE U S,Dapartment of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Census of Population. 1970, General Social ind EconomicCharicteristics, Series PC(11-C1
16
30
ILLITERACY IN THE UNITED STATES'.I
The illiteracy rate in the United States was cut inhalf during the 1960's; according to sample surveysconducted by the Bureau of the Census. The latest dataindicate that in November 1969 only 1.0 percent ofthe population 14 years of age and over were kable toread and vklie a simpitmessage in English or in someother language. A similar survey conducted in March1959 found that 2.2 percent of the persons in the sameage soup were illiterate.
The Bureau of the Census has collected statistics onilliteracy since 1840, but the figures for 1840, 1850,and 1860, are not regarded as comparable with thosefor subsequent years. Reasonable comparability hasbeen maintained since the census of 1870. The datashow that 100 years ago illiterates constituted 20percent of the population. In other words, the propor-tion of illiterates was 20 times as great in 1870 as it istoday (figure 3). Each generation tends to spend moreyears in school than the generation that preceded itand illiteracy declines as the older people in thepopulation are replaced by younger ones.
Traditionally, the illiteracy rate has been higher formen than for women, but in 1969 the difference was
negligible: 1.1 _percent of the men and 1.0 percent ofthe women were classified as illiterate.
The census surveys have consistently found the theinability to read and write is more prevalent amongBlacks than among the White population. In 1870, forexample, 79.9 percent of the non,White populationwere illiterate as compared with 11.5 percent of theWhite. In 1900, the comparable percentages were 44.5and 6.2, respectively. In recent years, however, dra-matic strides have been made toward the eradication ofilliteracy among all Americans. The illiteracy rates in1969 were 0.7 percent for Whites and 3.6 percent forBlacks.
For additional information the reader may wish toconsult the Bureau of the Census publication, Illiteracyin the United States: November 1969 (Current Popula-tion Reports, Series P -20; No. 217). The report may beobtained for 15 cents from the Superintendent ofDocuments, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washing-ton, D.C. 20402.
W. VANCE GRANTSpecialist in educational statistics
Figure 3.Percent of illiteracy in the population, by race:United States, 1870 to 1969
Percent
10
70
60
50
40
30
2n
10
0
1170 IWO
Data for 1969 are for Blacks only.
Total
Black and other recast
ter
1930 19k, 1969
NOTE Data for 1870 to 1930 are for the population 10 years old andover, data for 1959 and 1969 are for the population 14 years old andover
SOURCE U.S Department of Commerce Bureau of the Census, CurrentPopulation Reports, Series P-20, No 217
3117
Table 14.-Il literacy of the population, by Stilts: 1900, 1930, and 1960
StateNumber illiterate,
1960'
Percent illiterate
1960' 1930 1900
1 2 3 4 5
United States 3,055,000 2.4 4.8 11.3
Alabama 93,000 4.2 14.0 36.1Alaska 5,000 3.0 20.5 40.6Arizona 33,000 3.8 11.0 30.0Arkansas 45,000 3.6 7.6 21.3Califo-nia 203,000 1.8 2.8 5.3
Colorado 15,000 1.3 3.1 4.5Connecticut 41,000 2.2 5.1 6.5Delaware 6,000 1.9 4.4 13.2District of Columbia 11,000 1.9 1.7 9.4,Florida 92,000 2.6 7.7 23.4
Georgia 120,000 4.5 10.4 32.1Hawaii 21,000 5.0 17.5 35.2Idaho 4,000 .8 1.2 5.1Illinois 128,000 1.8 2.) 4.8Indiana 40,000 1.8, 5.2
Iowa 14,000 .7 .9 '2.7Kansas 14,000 .9 1.4 3.3Kentucky 70,000 3,3 7.3 18.1'Louisiana 137,000 6.3 15.1 39.6Maine 9,000 1.3 3.0 5.5
Maryland 41,000 1.9 4.2 12.1Massachusetts 83,000 2.2 4.0 6.5Michigan 84,000 1.6 2.2 4.8Minnesota 23,000 1.0 1.4 4.6Mississippi 71,000 4.9 14.8 34.1
Missouri 52,000' 1.7 2.5 7.0 ,Montana 5,000 1.0 1.9 6.6Nebraska 9,000 .9 1.3 2.6Nevada 2,000 1.1 4.8 13.8New Hampshire 6,000 1.4 3.0 6.7
New Jersey ..... ... 99,000 2.2 4.3 6.5New Mexico 24,000 4.0 14.9 35.7New York 355,000 2.9 4.1 8.1North Carolina 125,000 4.0 11.5 30.1North Dakota 6,000 1.4 1.7 6.1
Ohio 99,000 1.5 2.5 4.5Oklahoma 32,000 1.9 3.1 11.7Oregon 10,000 .8 1.1 4.7Pennsylvania 166,000 2.0 3.5 6.9Rhode Island ......... 15,000 2.4 5.5 9.2
South Carolina 87,000 5.5 16.7 37.4South Dakota . . . . ......... 4,000 .9 1.4 5.8Tennessee 88,000 3.5 8.0 21.9Texas 272,000 4.1 7.3 15.6Utah 5,000 .9 1.4 3.6
Vermont 3,000 1.1 2.4 6.4Virginia 94,000 3.4 97 24.3Washington 18,000 .9 1.1 3.4West Virginia 35,000 2.7 5.5 12.6Wisconsin . 35,000 1.2 2.1 5.4Wyoming 2,000 .9 1.8 4.4
Estimated.
NOTE.-Data refer to the population 15 years old and over in 1900 and 1930, and to the population14 years old and over in 1960.
SOURCE U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, SeriesP-23, No 8.
18
32
Table 15.-Percent of draftees who failed to meet the mental requirementsfor induction into Ma armed services, by State: 1972
StateOr
other areaTotal
racuirementsFailed man al
onlyFailedmental
andmedical
requirementsTotal
Failedmental
tests
Train-abilitylimited
1 2 3 4 5 6
United States 9.9 6.7 3.5 32 32Alabama 28.6 18.3 8.6 9.7 10.3Alaska 9.8 3.8 1.9 1.9 6.0Arizona 7.8 4.4 1.2 3.2 3.4Arkansas 16.4 10.8 7.7 3.1 5.6California 6.3 4.4 1.7 2.7 1.9
Colorado 4.5 3.0 1.6 1.4 1.5Connecticut 4.4 2.1 1.2 0.9 2.3Delaware 9.6 6.5 5.5 1.0 3.1District of Columbia 20.4 12.5 11.1 1.4 7.9Florida 11.3 8.0 5.5 2.5 3.3
Georgia 24.8 19.8 11.6 8.2 5.0Hawaii 14.7 10.8 4.8 5.8 4.1Idaho 3.6 ' 2.3 1.4 0.9 1.3Illinois 6.5 4.8 2.4 2.4 1.7Indiana 6.5 4.6 1.9 2.7 1.9
lows t 3.3 2.1 0.6 1.5 1.2Kansas 2.5 1.7 0.6 1.1 0.8Kentucky 17.5 10.0 5.7 4.3 7.6Louisiana 23.7 17.2 12.3 4.9 6.5Mains , 4.9 2.9 1.0 1.9 2.0
Maryland 7.3 4.8 4.3 0.5 2.5Massachusetts 4.0 2.4 1.0 1.4 1.6Michigan 5.4 3.2 1.7 1.5 2.2Minnesota 1.9 1.1 0.5 0.6 0.8M -si=ippi 35.2 26.6 17.1 9.5 8.6
Missouri 3.9 2.2 1.2 1.0 1.7Montana 2.0 1.2 0.3 0.9 0.8Nebraska ., 2.5 1.8 0.7 1.1 0.7Nevada 7.0 4.1 2.0 2.1 2.9Naw Hampshire 4.3 2.0 0.6 1.4 2.3
Naw Jersey 7.8 5.8 2.8 3:0 2.0New Mexico 12.1 8.6 3.4 5.2 3.5New York ... ....... . . 8.6 5.3 2.2 3.1 3.3North Carolina 20.4 15.2 8.3 6.9 5.2North Dakota 3.5 2.1 0.5 1.6 1.4
Ohio 6.8 4.2 1.5 2.7 2.6Oklahoma ..... .. 9.8 6.3 0.5 5.8 3.5OregonPennsylvania
2.75.7
2.03.7
0.02.0
2.01.7
0.72.0
Rhode Island 6.0 5.1 2.4 2.7 0.3South Carolina 33.8 25.5 14.3 11.2 8.3South Dakota ...... . 2.7 1.6 0.3 1.3 1.1Tennessee .... . 20.3 13.5 7.1 6.4 6.8Texas . 12.9 8.3 3.8 4.5 4.6Utah 4.1 2.9, 1.7 1 2 1.2
Vermont ........ .. . ... 4.3 2.1 0.6 1.5 , 2.2Virginia 16.0 11.5 7.8 3.7 4.5Washington ..... .. . .... 4.0 1.8 0 2 1.6 2.2West Virginia 17 3 9.4 5.1 4.3 7.9Wisconsin . ..... . 4.9 3.2 1.3 1.9 1.7Wyoming 2.4 1.8 0.7 1.1 0.6
Outlying areas:
Guam and4ariana Islands . 37.1 25.0 10.2 14.8 12.1Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands . 76.3 59.6 48.9 10.7 16.7
SOURCE: U.S. Department of the Army Office of the Surgeon General, Summary ofRegistrant Examinations for Induction.
1
33
19
1
Table 16.--Occupation of employed persons 16 years old and over,* sex, race, and years of school completed:United States, March 1971
'
..
Sex, race, and occupation
Totalemployed
(in
thousands)
Percentage di tribution, by years<
o school completed Medianschoolyears
completedTotal
Elemen aryschool High school College
Less
than 8'8
1 to3
4 1 to3
4 ormore
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Men
White. .
All occupation groups 46584 100.0 6.1 7.3 16.7 36.6 15.5 17.7. 12.5Professional, technical, and kindred workers ... . 6,725 100.0 . 0.3 0.7 2.3 15.1 16.9 64.8 16.7Managers and adminfstrators, except farm . 6.926 100.Q 2.1 3.6 8.3 34.0 21.4 30.6 13.3Salesworkers 3,1344 100.0 1.4 2.5 12.0 34.0 25.9 24.2 13.0Clerical and kindred workers .... . ... ... .. . 2,999 100.0 1.7 4.6 13.3 45.0 25.9 9.5 12.7Craftsmen and kindred workers 10,085 100.0 6.2 9.5 20.4 48.5 12.4 3.1 12.3Operatives, except transportation 5.423 100.0 11.6 11.0 24.5 42.8 8.7 1.4 12.1Transportation equipment operatives ...... . 2,590 100.0 8.9 11.5 24.7 43.0 10.5 1.4 12.1Laborers, except farm 3,071 100.0 12.9 10.1 30.6 34.0 10.8 1.6 11.6Service-workers. including private household 3,442 100.0 8.5 9.6 25.9 35.5 16.0 4.4 12.2Farmworkers 2.278 '100.0 18.0 17.8 19.2 32.0 7.9 5.1 11.2
Black and other races
All occupation groups 5,097 100.0 17.5 7.5 22.3 31.7 11.0 10.0 12.1
Professional, technical, and kindred workers 450 100.0 .7 1.1 2.0 12.7 17.6 66.0 16.7Managers and administrators, exxpt farm . 274 100.0 9 1 2.6 8.0 32.8 16.4 31.0 12.9Sales and clerical workers ' 523 100.0 3.8 2.7 13.8 44.0 26.4 9.4 12.7Craftsmen and kindred workers . . ... ... . . 782 100.0 13.3 10.1 23.8 39.8 10.4 2.7 12.1Operatives, except transportation . ..... . 887 100.0 14.9 8.2 28.0 39.0 7,3 2.5 11.9Transportation equipment operatives . .. ... 446 100.0 20.0 10.3 28.0 34.5 7.0 - -- 11 1Laborers, except farm .754 100.0 30.1 9.2 29.2 24.9 5.4 i 1.1 10.1Service workers, including private household 795 100.0 22.1 8.4 28.2 28.6 9.9 2.8 11.1Farmworkers , . . . 188 100 0 60.1 11.7 17.0 6.9 .5 3.7 6 7
Women
, White
All occupation groups 29,099 100.0 3.6 5.0 16.5 45.5 15.6 13.8 12.5
Professional, technical, and kindred workers . 4.659 100 0 .2 .5 1.9 17.7 19.5 60.2 16 5Managers and administrators, except farm 1.572 100.0 2.7 3 4 11.7 46.4 19.4 16,5 12.7Salesworkers 2,149 100 0 1.6 4.6 23.1 51.0 13.4 6.2 12.4Clerical and kindred workers .... .. . 10,550 100.0 5 1.3 10 8 61.1 20.7 , 5.7 12.6Craftsmen, operatives, and laborers, except farm '4,277 100.0 11.0 12.4 29.0 40.5 5.6 1.4 11.8Private household workers .... . ..... 752 100 0 9 4 12.2 42.6 24.7 7.8 3.1 11.0Service workers, except private household 4,741 100.0 6 7 9 7 26.7 43.3 11.3 2.4 12.2Farmworkera .. .... . 399 100 0 12 5 15 0 19.0 41.9 7.3 4.3 12.1
Black and other races
All occupation groups 4,099 100.0 10.8 6.0 21.9 37.4 14.1 9.8 12.3,
Professional, managerial, and kindred workers' . 598 100.0 8 .3 6.2 20.4 17.4 54.7 16.3Sales and clerical workers . .. .. . . 1,076 100.0 1.3 1.6 11.8 51 3 29.2 4.8 127Craftsmen, operatives, and laborers, except farm 825 100.0 11.3 8 1 28.6 42 7 -8 2 1.1 12.0Private household workers 492 100 0 35.4 13.8 32.7 16.5 1.4 .4 9.1Service workers, except private household 1,082 100.0 13 6 7 3 31 0 39.1 8.0 1.1 11.8Farmworkers 27 - - - (3)
Includes persons reporting no school years completed'Includes professional and technical workers and managers, officials, and proprietors except farm'Percent and median not shown where base is less than 75,000
SOURCE U S Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Special Labor Force Report No 175, Educational Attainment ofWorkers, March 1974.
20
3 4
Table 17.--Total annual money income of persons 25 years old and over, by years of school completed, sex, andage: United States, 1973
Sex, income,and age Total
Years of school completedElementary school High school College
Total Lessthan 8 8 Total 1 to 3 4 Total to 3
4 or more
Total 45 ormore
Medianschoolyearscom-
pleted4 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
MEN
TotalWith income
TotalSt to $499 or loss .
$500 to $999$1,000 to $1,499 . .
$1,500 to $1,999 . .
$2,000 to $2,499.:$2,500 to $2,999 . .
$3,000 to $3,999 . .
$4,000 to $4,999 . .
$5,00() to $5,999 . .
$6,000 to $6,999 . .
$7,000 to $7,999 . .
$8,000 to $9,999 . .
$10,000 to $14,999$15,000 to $24,999$25,000 and over .
Total, all ages . .
25 to 34 years35 to 44 years45 to 54 years55 to 64 years65 years and over .
WOMEN
TotalWith income
Total
$1 to $499 or loss$50Q to $999$1,000 to $1,499.51,500 to 51,999$2,000 to $2,499$2,500 to $2,999.$3,000 to $3,999.$4,000 to $4,999$5,000 to $5,995 .
$6,000 to $6,999.$7,000 to $7,999 . .
$8,000 to $9,999$10,000 to $14,999$15,000 to $24,999$25,000 and over .
..Total, all ages . . .
25 to,34 years . .
35 to 44 years .
45 to 54 years .
55 to 64 years . .
65 years and over .
Number, in thousands
54,16753,699
12,62212,636
6,6336,710
5,9905,925
25,45425,262
7,9667,907
17,488 15,89117,355 15,801
6,7566,715
9,1369,087
4,928 4,207 12.44,908 4,179 12.4
Percen age dist ibution of men with income100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
1.1 1.7 2.1 1.21.1 2.4 3.4 1.41.7 4.7 6.6 2.52.3 5.7 7.2 4.02.7 6.4 7.9 4.82.b 6.3 6.9 5.75.2 10.8 11.2 10.35.4 9.8 10.5 9.05.5 8.5 8.7 8.35.4 7.3 7.1 7.55.8 6.4 6.0 6.9
12.3 10.1 8.5 12.027.2 14.2 10.7 18.1.16.4 4.7 2.7 7.0
5.1 0.9 0.6 1.3
100.00.90.7'0.91.51.72.04.04./b.45.76.7
14.932.915.02.9
100.01.00.91.12.32.72.9626:57.47.07.2
15.227.310.5
1.8
100.00.90.60.81.21.31.63.03.94.55.06.5
14.835.51703.4
100.00.80.60.80.91.24.32.62.93.03.53.99.8
28.628.112.0
100.01.10.60.91.11.71.53.13.73.8
4.712.231.922.9
100.00.60.60.70.70.81.12.22.32.52.43.48.0
26.131.916.6
100.0 100.0 100,00.5 0.6 11.60.5 0.7. 8.80.8 0.6 8.20.9 0.6 8.61.0 0.7 8.71.2 1.1 8.92.6 1.7 9.22.5 2.2 10.22.4 2.6 11.02.7 2.1 11.94.1 , 2.5 12.29.4 6.4, 12.3
27.2 24.9 12.530.6 33.3 13.013.6 20.1 16.2
Median income$9,800 55,258 $4,4631116,371
10,088 6,176 5,375 6,96112,030 7,259 6,471 8,70311,671 7,605 6,445 8,8019,552 6,659 5,482 7,9724,106 3,385 2,936 3,913
$10,121
9,76711,30911,47310,2084,764
$8,622 x$10,832
8,448 10,1539,556 11,899
10,029 12,0839,108 10,9624,473 4,995
$1 3,266 $11,670
11,370 10,18316,119 13,48016,648 13,94514,475 13,0617,400 :7..964
$14,704
12,34918,24518,85916,7209,184
$13,939
11,74617,72118,05215,3127,879
$16,027
13,17018,88919,75518,54311,326
Number, in tnousands
60,83813,48`3 6,99943,26510,048 5,320
6,4844,726
34,26010,308 23,972 13,075 6,909 8,16623,356 7,185 16,173 9,860 4,961 4,908Percentage distribution of women with income
4,161 2,0043,160 1,749
12.312.3
100.0 100.0 100.0
7.4 5.6 5.48.0 11.9 13.69.6 17.2 18.48.2 14.9 16.98.3 12.2 11.65.8 8.2 8.1
10.5 11.9 11.28 7 6.9 6.37.4 4.7 4.16.4 2.8 2.35 0 1.3 0.87.0 1 6 1.06.1 0.6 0.31.4 0.1 0.10.2 (' ) - - -
100.0
5.810.015.912.612.98.4
12.87.55.434192.40.90.2(' )
100.0
8:17.48.07.07.85.6
11.210.48.87.55 6-7.0460.80.2
100.0
7.28.4
11.09.09.77.0
13.51087.55.6354.42.00.30.1
100.0
8.56.96.76.26.950
10.1'10.39.48.46.5325.81.00.2
100.0
7.45.25.54.35.53.87.46.66.77.47.5
12.515.44.20.6
100.0
8.15.86.95.16.0439.28.28.48.07.8
10.29.42.304
100.0
6.74.74.03.6503.25.65.05.16.87.2
14.921.46.00.9
100.0 100.0
8.2 3.9 12.45.4 3.6 11 64.7 2.9 10.34.0 2.9 10.45.4 4.2 11.43.3 3.1 11.66.3 4.4 12.15.5 4.1 12.35.6 4.1 12.47.8 5.0 12.58.6 4.6 12.7
14.5 15.5 12.816.7 29.9 14.23.3 10.9 15.80.9 0.9 14.5
Median income$3,268 $2,017 $1,673
4,142 2,655 2,5734,110 2,880 2,6744,303 2,690 2,5063,431 2,134 1,9092,119 1,834 1,723
$2,220
2,7483,3382,9142,3772,000
$3,545
3,6444,0054,3963,7862,324
$2,836 $3,970 $5,631 $4,564 $7,042
3,110 3,945 6,040 5,088 7,1073,546 4,265 5,791 4,822 7,1743,428 4,833 6,340 5,289 8,1992,839 4,345 6,592 5,090 8,5662,148 2,481 3,370 2,845 4,447
$6,214 $8,936
6,545 8;6865,386 10,0637,302 9,7547,883 9,6174,027 6,300
' Less than 0 05 percent
NOTE -Because of rounding, details may not add to totals
SOURCE U S Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current Popvlarion Reports, Series P-60, No 97
21
35
Table 18.--Annual .income of men, by age and by years of school completed:United States, selected years, 1956 to 1972
(In current dollars)Age and years of school completed 1956 1961 1964 1968 1972
1 2 3 4 5 618 to 24 years old
Elementary. 'Lass than 8 years $1,5'68 $1,596 $1,931 $2,892 $3,3998 years 2,135 2,239 2,553 3,264 3,623
High school:1 to 3 years4 years
2,20) ,
2,6862,2042,768
2,2883,059
2,6003,674
3,4234,837
College:1 to 3 years 1,924 2,038 2,257 2,700 ' 3,7454 years or more (' ) 3,310 3,520 4,273 5,418
4 years (' ) 3,381 3,736 4,306 4,9945 years or more (1) (I ) (') 4,186 7,173
25 years old and over
Elementary. , .Less than 8 years 2,574 2,988 3,298 3,941 5,2358 years 3,631 4,206 4,520 5,467 6,756
High school:1 to3 years 4,367 5,161 5,653 6,769 8,4494 years 5,183 5,946 6,738 8,148 10,433
College:1 to 3 years 5,997 7,348 7,907 9,397 11,8674 years or more 7,877 9,817 10,284 12,938 16,201
4 years (') 9,342 9,757 12,418 15,2565 years or more (' ) 9,987 11,004 13,555 17,346
' Data not available.
NOTE.-These arithmetic means are estimated from sample surveys of households. They are subject tosampling variability iis well as to errors of response and nonreporting.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, AnnuarMeah Income, Lifetime In-come, and Educational Attainment of Mon in the United States, for Selected Years, 1956io 1972.
-Table 19.--Lifetime income of men, by years of school completed:United States, selected years, 1956 to 1972
(In current dollars]
Years of school completed 1956 1961 1964 1968 19721 2 3 4 5 6
income f om age 18 to deathElementary
Less than 8 years $131,432 $151,881 $170,145 $213,505 $279,9978 years 178,749 205,237 223,946 276,755 343,730
High school'1 to 3 years . . . . .......... 201,825 235,865 255,701 308,305 389,2084 years 244,158 273,614 311,462 371,094 478,873
College.1 to 3 years ......... . . . 278,227 335,100 355,249 424,280 543,4354 years or more 372,644 454,732 478,696 607,921 757,923
4 years . . (I ) 432,617 459,482 584,062 710,5695 years or more 475,116 500,641 636,119 823,759
Income from age 25 to 64' Elementary.
Less than 8 years $107,132 $125,044 $138,777 $174,240 $230,7578 years .. ...... . . 146,0 168,967 181,702 226,708 284,185
High school:1 to 3 years . . 166,251 193,265 211,342 258,455 323,7164 years 199,463 \224,626 252,447 306,786 393,151
College.1 to 3 years 232,317 273,309 297,543 356,297 461,2644 years or more 310,597 360,951 392,006 504,760 627,296
4 years (' ) 350,699\ 3/2,767 486,643 590,0535 years or more (' ) 379,908 418,027 525,997 671,882Data nOt available.
NOTE & SDURCE Same as for table 18.
36
.
Tab
le 2
0.-R
ecei
pts
of e
duca
tiona
l ins
titut
ions
, by
leve
l of i
nstr
uctio
n, ty
pe o
f con
trol
, and
sou
rce:
Uni
ted
Sta
tes"
197
2-73
(In
thou
sand
s of
dol
lars
)
Con
trol
of i
nstit
utio
n an
d so
urce
of
fund
sA
ll le
vels
Ele
men
tary
and
sec
onda
ry e
duca
tion'
IT
otal
Rev
enue
Non
-re
venu
eT
otal
s
Hig
her
educ
atio
n'A
uxili
ary
ente
r-.
pris
es
Edu
ced
onsi
1an
d ge
nera
lS
tude
ntai
d
12
34
56
78
9T
otal
Pub
licly
con
trol
led
Gov
ernm
ent .
..
Fed
eral
Sta
teLo
cal (
incl
udin
gco
unty
).
..
.S
tude
nt fe
es.
.
Priv
ate
gifts
and
gran
tsA
ll ot
her
sour
ces
Priv
atel
y co
ntro
lled
Gov
ernm
ent .
.F
eder
alS
tate
Loca
l (in
clud
ing
coun
ty)
..
..
Stu
dent
fees
..
.
Priv
ate
gifts
and
gran
tsA
ll ot
her
sour
ces
1194
166
756
$61,
4611
,446
77,6
98,7
9155
,768
,446
$61,
017,
932
52,3
17,9
32
$3,4
150,
514
3,45
0,51
4
$32.
666,
310
622,
127,
665
$3.4
66,6
34
May
orpu
blic
serv
ice
10
1116
6,07
6 $2
,212
141
67,2
86,2
768,
013,
161
29,8
32,1
53
29,4
40,9
622,
813,
910
665,
380
6,83
3,22
5
53,3
62,8
334,
725,
000
20,8
43,5
20
28,1
94,3
1351
00,0
00
1,90
5,61
3
50,3
12,3
194,
725,
000
20,8
43,5
20
24,7
43,7
99w
oo*
1,90
5,61
3
3,46
0,51
4-
- - -
3,45
0,51
4
16,5
67,9
6565
.700
,000
'5,7
00,0
00(')
21,8
30,3
4513
,523
,443
3,28
8,16
18,
988,
633
1,24
6,64
92,
713,
910
15,1
12,7
292,
127,
622
431,
662
666,
380
4,92
7,61
210
,867
,966
11,0
68&
752,
286A
W44
)
7,74
4,43
6()
1,07
7,65
9(4
)2,
519,
019
(4)
374,
338
(4)
;1,1
30,7
97a-
2,12
7,62
2 I
7,01
4,33
61,
339,
312
2,33
0,16
12,
025,
456
237,
213
67,4
923,
506,
658
1,55
4,72
89,
174,
418
6,70
0,00
0-
- -
5,70
0,00
0' I
nclu
des
estim
ated
'nco
me
for
"oth
er"
scho
ols
such
as r
esid
entia
lsc
hool
s fo
r ex
cept
iona
l chi
ldre
n, F
eder
al s
choo
ls fo
r In
dian
s, a
ndF
eder
al s
choo
ls o
n F
eder
al in
stal
latio
ns. S
ubco
llegi
ate
depa
rtm
ents
of in
stitu
tions
of h
ighe
r ed
ucat
ion
ale
incl
uded
und
er h
ighe
red
ucat
ion.
' Inc
lude
s su
bool
legi
ate
depa
rtm
ents
of i
nstit
utio
ns o
fhi
gher
edu
ca-
tion.
Exc
lude
s sc
hool
s of
nur
sing
not
affi
liate
d w
ith c
olle
ges
and
univ
ersi
ties.
Incl
udes
est
imat
es o
f rev
enue
for
plan
t exp
ansi
on. E
xclu
des
nter
fund
tran
sfer
s.D
ata
not a
vaila
ble.
2,33
0,16
12,
025,
456
237,
213
67,4
923,
508,
858
1,55
4,72
83,
474,
418
1,36
6,09
61,
126,
838
173,
388
66,8
703,
491,
907
926,
004
1,23
0,32
9
) )(
)(4
) )
131
=9,
25-
iitio
n an
d tr
ansp
orta
tion
fees
from
patr
ons.
'Est
imat
ed o
n th
e ba
sis
of e
xpen
ditu
re p
er te
ache
r in
pub
licel
emen
tary
and
sec
onda
ry s
choo
ls.
'Incl
uded
in c
olum
n 4.
SO
UR
CE
S: (
1) U
.S. D
epor
tmen
t of H
ealth
, Edu
catio
n. a
nd W
elfa
re,
Nat
iona
l Cen
ter
for
Edu
catio
n S
tatis
tics,
Rev
enue
s an
d E
xpen
di-
ture
s fo
r P
ublic
Ele
men
tary
and
Sec
onda
ry E
duca
tion,
197
2-73
;F
inan
cial
Sta
tistic
s of
Ipst
itutio
ns o
f Hig
her
Edu
catio
n, 1
972-
73;
and
unpu
blis
hed
data
ava
ilabl
ein
the
Nat
iona
l ,,C
ente
r fo
rE
duca
tion
Sta
tistic
s. (
2) U
.S. D
epar
tmen
t of t
he In
terio
r, B
urea
uof
Indi
an A
ffairs
.
335,
917
235,
197
96,1
69
4,55
1 (4)
74,8
3520
,910
368,
414
1,11
3,16
643
6,29
043
6,29
0,
(4)
676_
975
1,09
6,97
662
5,10
862
5,10
8
(4)
(4)
(4)
473,
868
188,
200
145,
785
41,8
40
575
(4)
83,2
75..9
6,93
9
7..
----
-T
able
21.
--E
stim
ated
exp
endi
ture
s fo
r ed
ucat
ion,
by
leve
l of i
nstr
uctio
n an
d by
type
of c
ontr
ol:
Uni
ted
Sta
tes,
197
4-75
and
197
5-76
1[In
bill
ions
of d
olla
rs]
Leve
l of i
nstr
uctio
n an
dty
pe o
f con
trol
1
Tot
al e
lem
enta
ry, s
econ
dary
, and
hig
her
educ
atio
nP
ublic
Non
publ
icE
lem
enta
ry a
nd s
econ
dary
reg
ular
and
oth
er s
choo
ls'
Pub
licN
onpu
blic
Hig
her
educ
atio
n.P
ublic
Non
publ
ic
1974
-75
Tot
al
2
8108
.788
.620
.1
68.5
61.8
6.7
40.2
262*
13.4
Cur
rent
expe
nditu
res
and
inte
rest
'3 MA
80.2
18.6
62.4
56.3 6.1
36.4
23.9
12.5
Cap
ital
outla
y
..4 9k6
8.4
12 6.1
5.5 .6
3.8
2.9 .9
Tot
al
5
$120
.01
98.0
222
75.1
67.9
7.2
44.9
30.1
14.8
1975
-76
Cur
rent
expe
nditu
res
and
inte
rest
'
Cap
ital
outla
y
6
110.
3
89.7
20.6
69.0
62.4 6.6
41.3
27.3
7 9.7
8.3
1.4
6.1
5.5 .6
3.6
2.8
14.0
.8
' The
se e
stim
ates
are
bas
ed o
n da
ta s
how
n in
the
Nat
iona
l Cen
ter
for
Edu
catio
n S
tatis
tics
publ
ics
tons
: Sta
tistic
s of
Sta
ti S
choo
l Sys
tem
s,S
tatis
tics
of H
ighe
r E
duca
tion,
and
Bon
d S
ales
for
Pub
lic S
choo
l Pur
pose
s. E
xpen
ditu
res
of p
ubl c
ele
men
tary
and
sec
onda
ry s
choo
ls a
ndal
l ins
titut
ions
of h
ighe
r ed
ucat
ion
for
1974
-75
and
1975
-76
are
deriv
ed fr
om e
nrol
lmen
t cha
nges
com
bine
d w
ith th
e tr
end
in c
urre
ntex
pend
iture
s pe
r st
uden
t. C
apita
l out
lay
for
all i
nstit
utio
ns o
f hig
her
educ
atio
n is
der
ived
from
the
1972
-73
capi
tal o
utla
y A
ll es
timat
es a
tex
pend
iture
s fo
r no
npub
lic a
ncl o
ther
ele
men
tary
and
sec
onda
ry s
choo
ls a
re b
ased
on
the
assu
mpt
ion
that
exp
endi
ture
s pe
r te
ache
r(in
clud
ing
dona
ted
serv
ices
) ar
e th
e sa
me
as fo
r th
e pu
bic
scho
ols
Som
e pr
evio
us e
stim
ates
of t
he c
ost o
f edu
catio
n in
non
publ
ic s
choo
lsw
ere
base
d on
the
assu
mpt
ion
that
per
-pup
il 'C
osts
in n
onpu
blic
sch
ools
wer
e th
e sa
me
as fo
r th
e pu
blic
sch
ools
. Sin
ce th
e pu
pil-t
eaO
her
ratio
is h
ighe
r in
non
publ
ic th
an in
pub
lic s
choo
ls, t
he p
revi
ous
estim
ates
wer
e hi
gher
than
thos
e sh
own
here
.'In
clud
es e
stim
ates
for
inte
rest
, as
follo
ws
(In
billi
ons
of d
olla
rs]
Ele
men
tary
-se
cond
ary
Pub
licN
onpu
blic
Hig
her
educ
atio
nP
ublic
Non
publ
ic19
74-7
5.
..
$1.7
$0.2
$0.4
50.2
1975
-76
..
1.9
.2.4
.2
'Incl
udes
oth
er e
lem
enta
ry a
nd s
econ
dary
sch
ools
, suc
h as
res
iden
tial s
choo
ls fo
r ex
cept
iona
l chi
ldre
n, F
eder
al s
choo
ls fo
r In
dian
s, fe
dera
llyop
erat
ed e
lem
enta
ry a
nd s
econ
dary
sch
ools
on
post
s, a
nd s
ubco
llegi
ste
depa
rtm
ents
of c
olle
ges.
Exp
endi
ture
s fo
r th
ese
scho
ols
wer
ees
timat
ed a
s fo
llow
s-
(In
billi
ons
of d
olla
rs]
Tot
alP
ublic
Non
publ
ic
1974
-75
$0.3
-$0.
2$0
.119
75-7
6.3
,.2
.1
4Exc
lude
s'an
est
imat
ed e
xpen
ditu
re o
f $62
mill
ion
by p
ublic
, and
$39
mill
ion
by n
onpu
blic
, sub
colle
giat
e de
part
men
ts o
f ins
titut
ions
of
high
er e
duca
tion.
The
se a
mou
nts
wer
e in
clud
ed w
ith o
ther
ele
men
tary
and
sec
onda
ry s
choo
l exp
endi
ture
s.S
OU
RC
E: N
atio
nal C
ente
r fo
r E
duca
tion
Sta
tistic
s es
timat
es.
'EDUCATIONAL EXPENDITURES AS A PERCENTAGE OF THE
GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT
Total expenditures for public and nonpublicschools at all levels of education from kindergartenthrough graduate school amounted to approximately$83 billion during the 1971-72 school year. This outlaymore than doubles the $40 billion spent only 7 yearsearlier and is nearly 10 times the nearly k? billionexpended in 1949.50 (in neither case allowing forchanges in the purchasing power of the dollar overthese periods). The rapid rise of educational expendi-tures in recent years reflects the growth of the'school-age population as well as the increased efforts ofthe Nation to provide quality education for its young'people.
Figure 4 measures the country's efforts to supporteducation since 1929.30 by comparing expenditureswith the gross national product (GNP).
The percentage of the GNP that went for education
has varied widely over the past 40 years. Educationalexpenditures, were relatively high in the mid-1930's,reaching 4.1 percent of the GNP in 1933-34. They laterdeclined to a low point of 1.8 percent during the waryear of 1943.44. Except for a brief period during theKorean conflict, when the annual investment in educa-tion tended to stabilize, there -his been a steadyincrease in the proportion of the GNP spent foreducation since the end of World War II. Expendituresin 1971.72 were higher than ever before, both in termsof actual dollars and as a perAntage of the GNP (7.9percent). In table 24, botlf dollar expenditures andpercentaies of the GNP are traced for the period1929.30 to 1.974-75.
Figure 4.--Total expenditures for education as a percentage of theUnited States, 1929.30 to 1971-72
Percent
a-
W. VANCE GRANTSpecialist in educational statistics
oss national product:
1929-30 1935-36 1941-42 1947-41
39
25
1953-54 1959-60 1965-66 1971-72
Table 22.--Estimeted expenditures of educational institutions, by source of funds:United States, 9-70 to 1975-76
(Amounts in (lions of dollars)
a
Source of funds, by level ofinstitution and type of control
1969-70 197 72 1173.74 1974.75 1975.76Amount] Percent Amount PercentAmount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 i 8 9 iq 11
All levels: \......
Total public and nonpublic $70.27.4
100.010.6
$83.09.4
100.011.3
$88.310.1
100.010.3
6108.711.6
100.010.7.
$12011
10f3Federal tState NI ....,.. 22.7 32.3 26.3 31.7 33.0 33.6 33.7 a 34.1Local 22 2 31.6 26.4 31Z 31.0 31.5
.36.6"33.2 30.6 . . 31.0All other 1 . i - 20.! .2 24.2 24.; 27.3' ,..1 I 1 t i
Total public NIM111.7.1 Ellaalliy ,MIMIIII:larr.i ,
Federal 5.7 1'.' 7.6 1 .1 : . 1 - . a . 9.4 .State 22.6 39.8 26.1 38.8 32.7 40.7, 38.3 41.0 40.5 '41.3Local
,22.1 38.9 28.3 39.0 30.9 38.5 33.1 37.3 37.1 37.9All other 8.4 11.3 7.5 11.1 8,7 10.8 9.9 11.? 1119 11.2,
Total nonpublic a. i - .,. i I .,. . il c i r 4
Federal 1.7 12.7 1. 1 . .1 11,7 2.3 13.. 2.4 INState .... ......... , .1 .7 .2 1.3 .3 1.7 .3 1.5 .4 1.8Local .1 .7 .1 .6 .1 .s .1 .5 .1 .6All other '11. 65.9 , 114 85.9 15.5 18.1 17.4 86.6 WI 86.8,
Elementary and secondary schools:'
Total public and nonpublic 45.5 100.0 53 8 100 0 83.3 100.0 III 100.0 75.1 100.0Federal 3.3 7.3 4.6 8 6 4.6 7.3 5.5 8.0 5.3 7.1State 16.3 35.8 18.4 34.2 22.9 38.2 24.8 36.2 27.4 38.5Local 21.3 46.8 25.2 46.8 29.5 48.6 31.4 45.9 36.1 48.8All other ...... .. 4.6 10.1 5.6 10.4 %6.3 9.9 6.6 9.9 7.2 9.8
Total public' 41.0 1001 41.3 109.0 4 13/,1 1004 $.1.11 10Q,0 87,9 10e.9Federal 3.3 8.1 4.6 9.5 8.0 5.5* 6-,9 5.3 7.6State .... .. 16.3 39.8 .18.4 38.1 22.9 40.1 24.8 40.2 27.4 40.3Local .. ..... ... .. , 21.3 51.9 25.2 52.2 29.5 51.7 31.4 50.7 36.1 51.7All other . . , .. .2 .1 .2 .1 .2
Total nonpublic 4.6 100.0 51 100.0 8.2 100.0 8.7 100.0 7.2 100.0Federal - - - -- - - - - -- - - - -State.. .. ..... - - - -, - - - - - -Local - - -All other . 4.5 100.0 5.5 100.0 6.2 100.0 6.7 100.0 7 2 10'10
Institutions of higher education: .,
Total public and nonpublic 24.7 100.0 29.2 itz:o.o .35.0 100.0 40.2 100.0 44.8 100.0Federal .... ...... ... 4.1 16.6 4.8 16.4 5.5 15.7 46.1 15.2 6.5 14.5State .. ... . . ...... . 6.4 25.9 7.9 27.4 10.1 28.9 11,8 29,3 13.5 30.0Local ... .. . .9 3.6 1.2 4.1 1,5 4 3 1.8 4.5 2.1 4.7All other 13.3 .53.9 15.3 52.4 17.9 51.1 20.5' 51.0 22.8 50.8,
Total public .. 15.8 100.0 15.1 100.0 23 2 1004 211 100Q 41 109.0Federal . .... .. . ...... 2.4 15.0 2.9 15.0 3 4 14.7 . 3.8
.j1.5143 4.1 13.7Stem , ..... .. . . . 6.3 40.0 7.7 40.8 9.8 42.4 43.0 13.1 43.5
Loco! , , .8 5.1 1.1- 5.5 1.4,
6.0 1.7 6.3 2.0 6.5All other .. _ . 7.4 ' 1 a
Total nonpublic 8.9 100.0 10.1 1009 111 100.0 13.4 100,0 14.8 100.0Federal . . 1.7 18.8 19 18.6 2.1 18.1 2.3 17.3 2.4 16.5State ... 1 1.6 .2 2.0 .3 2.3 .3 2.4 .4 2.5Local ... .... ... .. .1 .7 .1 .5 .1 .7 .1 .8 .1 .8All other . . .. 7.0 78.9 7.9 78.9 9.3 ' 78.9, 10.7 79.5 11.9 80.2
'In addition to regular schools, these figures igclude otherelementary and secondary ,s_chools,luch as esiMoal schoolsfor exceptional children, "Federal schools' for Indians, fed-erally operated elementary and secondary Schools op posts,and subcollegtate departments of colleges. See footnote 3 of
\preceding table.
NOTE. - Explanations of data are as follows
Data sourcesData are based on statistics shown in U S. Department of
Health, Education, and Welfare, National Center for EducationStatistics, publications' Statistics of State School Systems,biennially 1963-64 through 1971.72, Statistics of PublicSchools, annually fell 1964 through fall 1974 .FinancialSletistics of Higher Education, annually 1965-66 through1972-73. end unpublished data in the National Center forEducation Statistics.
DefinitionsTotal expenditures are defined as the 'expenditure of all
money from both loans and grants and exclude ohly the fuhdsused for reducing debt Expenditures from Federal, State, andlocal sources are defined as institutional expenditures of allwants (but not loans) of funds received from those sources,Expenditures from all other sources include all fimds receivedby the institutions that were not received as grants fromFederal, State, and local governments Loans from any sourceare included in this category. (It was estimated that in 1976about 333. million in Federal loans to institutions of higher
educat on were included in the "all other ' category shownhere.)
Since the foregoing definitions are aimed at showing sowersof funds through the eyes of educational institutions, theFederal figures shown in this table are different from the onesshown in the /Chapter on Federal funds for edution. Thecathree main roe ns for the difference are as follows'
(1) Different tams are included. For example; the tables onFederal funds show grants and loans to individuals, whichwould show up in institutional accounts as receipts fromtuition or auxiliary services, or they may be spent for boardend room outside the institution and not be receipts of theinstitution from any source.
(2) The same items may be handled differently. For example,the tables on Federal funds show only basic research forinstitutions of higher education, whale the institutions includesome applied research grants from the Federal Government.
(3) The tables on Federal funds frequently show obligatedfunds, while the institutional figures show expenditures.
MethodThe total expenditures shown here were estimated according
to the method shown in footnote 1 of the preceding table. Thebreakdown by source of funds was estimated bylirst adjustingreceipts to equate them with expenditures, end the" etsuminga continuation of the trend in the amount of receipts fromeach source. Equrtiny rece.nts to expenditures was accomplishedmainly by including loans and excluding receipts that were usedfor reduction of debt.
Z6
40
C
.11
Table 23.--Expenditures for education, including capital outlay, by level of instruction and by type ofcontrol: United States, 1971-72 and 1972-73
(In thousands of dollars]
Expenditures by levelof instruction'
1971-72 1972-73
Total Publiclycontrolled
Privatelycontrolled Total controlled
Privatelycontrolled
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
All levels (elementary, secondary,hriberll $82,999,062' $67,395,732 $15,603,330 689,120,581 $72,713,678 $16,336,715
Current expenditures (including interest)' 74,355,951 -60,275,659 14,080,292 81,216,408 661164,530 15,051,878Capital outlay or plant expansion . . . . 8,643,111 7,120,073 1,523,038 7,904,283 6,619,446 1,284,837
Elementary and secondary schools' 53,450,163 48,050,283 35,400,000 57,452,255 51,852,255 5,800,000
Current expenditures (including interest 48,496,391 43,591,;34 34,905,057 52,960,784 47,760,784 '5,200,000Capital outlay 4,953,892 4,458,949 3 494,943 4,491,471 4,091,471 '400,000Kindergarten through 8th grade' . 32,070,170 28,830,170 3,240,000 134,511,353 31,111,353 3,400,000Grades 9-12 and Postgraduate' 21,380,113 19,220,113 2,160,000 22,940,902 20,740,902 2,200,000
OtherAllementery anO secondary schools
kligher educatiOn (excluding subcollegiatedepart,mtnts)
ra300,000 200,000 100,000 230,000 200,000 100
29,248,779 19,145,449 10,103,330 31,368,436 20,731,721 10,636,715
Currepf expenditures 25,559,560, 16,484,3,25 9,075,235 27,955,624 113,203,746 9,751,878Educational and general 19,200,505 12,906,763 6,293,742 214077,969 14,391,P3 6,686,336Auxiliary enterprises . . . . . 3,178,272 1,912;131 1,266,141 3,337,790' 2,021,t95- 1,316,595Student-aid expenditures ' 1,241,372 -621,386 619,986 1,322,411 656,054 666,357Major ammo programs . . ..... 1,939,411 1,044,045 895,366 2,217,454 1,134,864 1,082,590
Expenditures from plant funds' 3,689,219 2,661,124 1,028,095 3,412,812 2,527,975 884,837" Includes an estimate for "other" elementary and secondaryschools, such as residential schools for exceptional children,Federal -schools for Indians, federally operated elementaryand secondary schools on posts, and subcollegiate depart-ments of institutions of higher education
"Excludes expenditures for the "other" schools described ino footnote 1.
'Estimated on the basis of expenditure per teacher in publicelementary and secondary schools
s IN-lodes capital outlay of $113,300,745 in 1971.72 and$100,000,000 in 1972.73 by Statc and local schoolhnusingiothorittes
'Distribution between grade groups (kindergarten-grade 8,grades 9.12 arid postgraduate) estimated on the assumptionthat the cost per pupil in grades 9.12 is 50, percent higherthan in grades K-8
'Excludes an estimated $615 million expended in 1971-72 and$679 million expended in 1972-73 tor plant expansion
directly froni cur ent funds (in 1971-72, $455 million by.publicly controlled and 3160 m Ilion by privately controlled;and in 1972.74, $517 million by publicly controlled and$162 million by privately con rolled institutions of h iereducation).
NOTE.-Data for 1971-72 on public and private elementaryand secondary schools have been revised since origin-ally published.
SOURCES (1) U.S. Department of Health, Education, andWelfare, National Center for EduCation Statistics, Statisticsof Suite School Systems, 1971-72; Revenues and Expendi-tures for Public Elementary and Secondary Education,1972-73; Financial Statistics of Institutions of HigherEducation, 1971-72 and 1972-73; and unpublished dataavailable in the National Center for Education Statistics. (2)U S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs.
Table 24.--Gross national product related to total expenditures' for education:United States, 1929-30 to 1974-75
CalendarVr ..1`
Grossnationalwoduct
(nmahons)
, Schoolyear
3
Expenditures for education
Calendaryear
Grossnationalproduct,
(inmillions)
Schoolyear
Expenditures for education
Total linthousands)t
4
Asapercent of
grossnattonalprobuCt
5
Total (inthousands)
As apercent of
grossnational
i 'orpluct
51 2 1 2 3 41929193'09331935
19371939 .
1941 .
19431945194719491951 .
$103,09575.62055.60172,24790,44690,494
124,540191,592212,010231.323256.484328.404
1929.301931.321933-341935.361937.381939.401941-421943-441945-461947-481949.501951,-52
$3,233,6012,966,4642,294,8962,649,9143,014,0743,199,5933,203,5483,522,0074,167,5976,574,3798,795,635
11,312,446
313.9413 7
3 3352.61.82.028343.4
1953 .
195519571959 ..19611963 .
19651967
1969197119731974 .
$364,593397,160441,134483,650520,109590,503684,884793,927930,284
1,054,9151,294,9191,397,400
,1953-541955.561957-581959-601961-621963 -k41965-651967-681969-701971.721973-741974-75
$13049,87616,811,65121,119,56524,722,46429,366,30536,010,21045,397,71357,213,311470,077,228
282,999,062398,300,000
3108,700,000
3.84.24.85.1
5.66.16.67.2
7.57.97.67.8
Includes expenditures rf public ..nd nonpublic schools at alllevels of education (elementary, secondary, and higher)
'Revised sirce originally published'Estimated
NOTE -Beginning with 1959.60 school year, includes Alaskaand Hawaii
27
41
SOURCES 1) U.S. Department of Health, Education, andWelfare, National Center for Education Statistics, Statisticsof State School Systems; Financial Statistics of lnst,tutionsof Higher Education; and unpublished data. (2) U.S. Depart-ment of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey ofCurrent dusiness, August 1965 and July issues of subsequentyears.
1
Table 25.-Direct experiditurec of State and local governments for allfunctions and for education, by per capita afnount artti
percent of per capita income: 1972-73
State
Percapfta
personalincome,
1972
2
United §tates $4,537
Alabama 3,472Alaska 5,192Arizona 4,332Arkansas 5,343California 5,044Colorado 4,610Connecticut 5.383Delaware . . . . 5,223District of Columbia . 5,924Florida . . . 4,510Georgia . . . . . .t. . 3,969Hawaii 5,123Idaho . . 3,785Illinois . . 5,131Indiana , . . . . 4,370
Iowa . . . . 4.297Kansas 4,539Kentucky . 3,607Louisiana . 3,574Maine , 3,693Maryland . . 4,970Massachusetts . 4,854Michigan . . . 4.950Minnesota . 4,328Mississippi 3.187
Missouri 4,293Montana . . 4,070'Nebraska . . 4442Nevada . . 5,140New Hampshire . . 4,181
New Jersey . . 5,302New Mexico . . 3.517New York . 5,249North Carolina . 3,853North Dakota . . 4,012
Ohio . 4.568Oklahoma . 3,834Oregon . 4,328Pennsylvania 4,530Rhode IMAM 4,507
South Carolina . 3,507South Dakota . 3.793Tennessee . 3.708Texas 4,102Utah . . 3,740Vermont 3,885Virginia 4,400Washington 4,558West Virginia 3.601Wisconsin . 4.290Wyoming . . 4,278
Direct general expenditures,1972.73 ).
All functions Education--4
.
Amotintper
capita
Percentof percapita
in-come' .
Amountper
capita
Per cen t \of percapita
in-come' "
6
$862.93 19.0 $331.53 7.3
636.93 18.3 240.49 * 6 92,376,36 45.8 867.29 16.7
818.93 18.9 385.98 8.9548.81 16.4 209.89 6.3
847.18900.46 163h .3
340 6018.4 382.8
..,
.3
1,023.31 20.3
1576.13 '26.6504.11
5.71.117.01 21 4 9.7
689.31 15.3 248.81 5.5746 73 18.80 265.88 6.7
1.311.04 25.6 8739.53 19.5
.24714..6%7 L.2
7.3873.33 17.0 357.37 7.0677.06 15.5 331.98 7 6735.36 17.1 345.81 8.0746.84 16.5 314.18 6.9670 11 18.6 261.37 7.2765.63 21.4 273.16 7.6760 73 20.6 276.46 7.5940.75 18.9 3'74 66 7.5986.89 20.3 342 24 7.1948.85 19.2
43294 092.077 9
965 62 72.3 9.8666.06 20.9 241.86 7.66811.64 15.9 283.65 , 6.6887.42 21.8 348.05 8.6731,02 16.5 300.58 6.8
1,098A8 21 4 375.55 7.3715 78 17.1 272.60 6.5876.42 16.5 331.02 6.2793 42 22.6 367.59 10.5
1,319.42 25.1 421 69 8.0618.28 16.0 273 18 7.1804.84 20.1 332 96 8 3
698.60 15.3 294.25 6 4724.34 18.9 268.36 7 0950.98 22 0 358 23 8 3814.97 18 0 332 74 7.3801.18
622.80818.44
669.40628.21
789 68...
964 53713.33
1,053.37743.72888 88
1,084.91
3 -4 5
17.8 288.02
9%47711818.021.6 376.7217.216.3
239.63286.99
21.1 393 08
24 8 346.0116.2 297.9123.1 391.2320.7 260.9920.7 373.2925 4 500.72
6.4
7 89.9
7.06 5
10.5
8.96.88.67 28.7
11.7
' Percentages were computed by the National Center fo Education Statistics.
SOURCES (11 U S Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey ofCurrent Business. August 1974 (21 Bureau of the Census, Governmental Fin:nres in1972-73, Series 3F73, No 5
4228
EXPENDITURES OF STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
During the decade 4962-72, education was consis-tently the largest item in the budgets of State and localgovernments. Expenditures for education accountedfor 37 cents per dollar spent in 1962-63 and for 39cents per dollar expended in 1971-72. The totalspending by State and local governments for educationrose from $23.7 billion in 1962-63 to $64.9 billion in1971 -i2.
Other major expenditures at the State and locallevels included outlays for highways, public welfare,and health and hospitals. Expenditures frit- highwaysamounted to 17 cents of every dollar spent in 1962.63but came to only 11 cents in 1971-72. On the otherhand, there wak a substantial increase in the proportionof money spent for public welfare during that decade.In 1962-63 1 of every 12 State and local governmentdollars went for welfare, but by 1971-72 this had risento 1 dollar in every 8. During the 10-year period,public welfare replaced highways as the second larg-
est item in ,the budgets of State and local govern-ments.
The proportion of money spent for health andhospitals rose slightly during the decade. In 1971-72these items accounted for about 8 cents of every dollarexpended. thitlays for health and hospitals haveconsistently ranked fourth among the expenditures ofState and local governments.
All of the figures cited above relate to "directgeneral" expenditures; that is, they exclude expendi-tures resulting from the operation by State and localgovernments of utilities.: stores, and insurance andretirement systems. They are derived from the annualreports of the Bureau of the Census on GovernmentalFinances. Additional information on the expendituresof State and local governments may be found in table25.
W. VANCE GRANTSpecialist in educational statistics
Figure 5.Direct general expenditures of State and local governments, by function: 1962-63 and 1971-72
1116243
Year Total Educe-bon
High- Publicgays wel-
fare
1171 75
(In millions of dollars! 6
Health Alland otherhosps- functab lions
Year Public Healthval. andfare hospi-
tals
Total Educe High-lion ways
Allotherbane-bong
196263 563.977 623.729 $11,150 15.420 54,e36 $19.040 196741 $102,411 541.1511 $1441111 S 9.657 S 7,546 521,3691963-64 119,302 26.216 11,664 5,786 4,910 20.676 196149 116.728 47231 15,117 12,110 8,520 33,443196445 74,546 28.563 12,221 6,315 5.361 22,0411 1969.70 131.332 52.718 16,427 14.679 1,861 37.439114546 82443 33.217 12.770 6.757 5.910 24.119 1970-71 150 674 59.413 11,095 11.221 11,205 43.736196647 93.350 37,919 13.932 8.218 6,140 26441 1971.72 16e.o73 64.186 19.010 21.07C 12,117 41.040SOURCE U S Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, annual reports on Goseremental Finances.
4329
CHAPTER IIELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION
The United States- has gone a long way towardproviding universal elementary and secondary educa-tion for its citizens. While regulations differ somewhatfrom one jurisdiction to another, it may be said ingeneral that free public education is available to all andthat school attendance is compulsory between the agesof 7 and 16. A school dropout before the age of 16 isbecoming a rarity in this country, and the greatmajority of young people graduate from high school.
Elementary and secondary education is offered bysome 65,100 public elementary schools, 25,900 publicsecondary schools, 14,000 nonpublic elementaryschools, and 3,700 nonpublic secondary schools. Pupilsin the regular public school system account for about89 percent of the total enrollment in kindergartenthrough grade 8, and for 92 percent of the total ingrades 9 through 12. Enrollment in nonpublic schools,which grew at a rapid pace in the 1950's and early1960's, has tended to decline somewhat in recentyears. Today nearly 1 pupil in 10 is enrolled in anonpublic (church-related or nonsectarian) school.
The National Center for Education Statistics obtainsstatistics each fall from the State departments ofeducation on the pupils, teachers, and estimatedexpenditures of public elementary and secondary dayschools. These data are usually available within about 5months after the opening of the school year. Morecomprehensive statistics on the organization, staff,pupils, and finances of public schools are collectedbiennially from the same sources. The data from thetwo surveys are published in Fall Statistics of PublicElementary and Secondary Day Schools and Statisticsof State School Systems, respectively. In these twopublications emphasis is placed upon State and
31
national totals. To secure data on pupils, staff, andfinances at the local level, the National Center forEducation Statistics conducts a survey of Statistics ofLocal Public School Systems. Separate reports havebeen issued on the pupils and staff and on the financesof these systems.
In recent years the National Center for EducationStatistics has expanded its coverage of nonpublicschools with the publication of Statistics of NonpublicElementary and Secondary Schools. The latest reportin this series covers the school year 1970-71. Valuableinformation on nonpublic schools has also been madeavailable by State education agencies, the NationalCatholic Educational Association, and the Bureau ofthe Census.
Other recurring reports of the National Center forEducation Statistics which have appeared at less
frequent intervals are the studies of public secondaryday schools, offerings and enrollments in high schoolsubjects, and special education for exceptional children.The most recent statistics from each of these surveys,supplemented by estimates where appropriate, aresummarized in the tables which follow.
In previous editions of the Digest the statistics onvocational education appeared in the -chapter onelementary and secondary education. In the presentedition they may be found in a new chapter entitledAdult and Vocational Education (chapter IV).
In general, the statistics in this chapter cover 48States and the District of Columbia through1957-58. Data for 1959-60 and subsequent yearsalso include both Alaska and Hawaii. Any deviationfrom this rule is clearly indicated in the tabularpresentation.
4 4 .
P
Table 26.-Enrollment in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, by level and by Stateor other area: Fall 1974 and fall 1975
Stateor
other area
Fall 1974 Fall 1975'
Total
2
Kindergarten-through
grade 83
Grades 9-12and
Postgraduate4
Total
5
Kindergartenthroughgrade 8
6
Grades 9.12and
postgraduate71
United States 45,066,000 30,931,000 14,125,000 44,700,000 30.400,000 14,300,000Alabama 764,341 528,318 236,023 757,000 518,000 239,000Alaska 86,576 61,338 25,238 86,000 60,000 26,000Arizona 487,040 346,599 140,441 483,000 341,000 142,000Arkansas 454,406 317,303 137,103 451,000 312,000 139,000California
S. 4,427,443 3,019,441 1,408,002 4,394,000 2,969,000 1,425,000Colorado 568,060 387,959 180,101 563,000 381,000 182,000Connecticut 660,067 459,965 200,102 655,000 452,000 203,000Delaware 130,616 87,713 42,903- 129,000 86,000 43,000District of Columbia 131,691 98,114 33,577 130,000 96,000 34,000Florida 1,557,054 1,077,734 479,320 1,544,000 1,059,000 485,000Georgia 1,081,485 768,560 312,925 - 1,072,000 755,000 317,000Hawaii .... , 177,030 122,394 54,636 175,000 120,000 55,000Idaho ........ .... 187,552 124,985 62,567 186,000 123,000 63,000Illinois .. .. . 2,296,241 1,572,145 724,096 2,278,000 1,545,000 733,000Indiana 1,186,800 813,073 373,727 1,177,000 799,000 378,000Iowa 617,485 417,417 200,068 616,000 410,000 206,000Kansas 449,564 298,258 151,306 446,00Q 293,000 153,000Kentucky 701,373 485,582 215,791 695,000 477,000 218,000Louisiana 840,742 590,432 250,310 833,000 580,000 253,000Maine 250,643 174,439 76,204 248,000 171,000 77,000Maryland ... 894,209 621,561 272,648 887,000 611,000 276,000Massachusetts . 1,210,100 836,500 373,600 1,200,000 822,000 378,000Michigan .... . 2,137,612 1,448,345 689,267 2,121,000 1,423,000 698,000Minnesota . .. 889,535 586,588 302,947 884,000 577,000 307,000Mississippi ... 513,476 361,214 152,262 509,000 355,000 154,000Missouri ..... 1,001,705 680,224 321,481 -994,000 669,000 325,000Montana 172,158 115,142 57,016 -171,000 113,000 58,000Nebraska .. ... 318,791 214,830 103,962 316,000 211,000 105,000Nevada . .. .. . 137,051 95,667 41,384 136,000 94,000 42,000New Hampshire .. 172,117 119,983 52,134 171,000 118,000 53,000New Jersey 1,469,684 1,021,096 448,588 1,458,000 1,004,000 454,000New Mexico . ..... 282,382 188,073 94,309 280,000 185,000 95,000New York . . 3,435,847 2,320,664 1,11.5,183 =. 3,411,000 2,282,000 1,129,000North Carolina . . . 1,177,860 818,594 359,266 1,169,000 805,000 364,000North Dakota 133,241 85,746 47,495 132,000 84,000 48,000Ohio 2,330,150 1 84,740 745,410 2,314,000 1,559,000 755,000Oklahoma ... . 596,380 411,516 184,864 591,000 404,000 187,000Oregon . 476,583 321,201 155,382 473,000 316,000 157,000Pennsylvania . . 2,277,447 1,509,904 767,543 2,261,000 1,484,000 777,000Rhode Island . .. 178,662 124,327 54,335 177,000 122,000 55,000South Carolina .. 627,205 446,310 180,895 622,000 439,000 183,000South Dakota .... . . 153,592 102,559 51,033 153,000 101,000 52,000Tennessee . .. 872,819 617,603 255,216 865,000 607%000 258,000Texas 2,785,296 1,987,794 797,502 2,762,000 1,955,000 807,000Utah. 306,388 210961 95,427 304,000 207,000 97,000Vermont . 105,3,70 74,637 30,739 104,000 73,000 31,000Virginia 1,093,309 756,245 337,064 1,084,000 743,000 341,000Washington .. 785,457 533,540 251,917 779,000 ' 524,000 255,000West Virginia 404,441 283,337 121,104 401,000 278,000 123,000Wisconsin 974,333 640,873 333,460 968,000 630,000 338,000Wyoming . 86,584 59 457 27,127 85,000 58,000 27 000
Outlying areas 785,612 609,266 176,346 713,000 606,000 177,000American Samoa 10,186 8,013 2,173 10,000 8,000 2,000Canal Zone 11,311 8,028 3,283 11,000 8,000 3,000Guam ... 28,184 21,178 7,006 28,000 21,000 7,000Puerto Rico '712,588 2553,149 2 1 59 ,439 710,000 550,000 160,000Virgin Islands 23,343 18,899 4,445 24,000 19,000 b,000' Estimated. SOURCES II US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Center for2 Data for fall 1973 Education Statistics, Statistics of Public Elementary and Secondary Day Schools, Fall
1974. 121 Estimates of the National, Center for Education Statistics
4531
Table 27.--Enrollment, membership, attendance, and length of scnool term in public elementary andsecondary day schools, by State: 1973-74
State orother area
'Enrollment'
Average
membership(ADM)
Averagedaily
attendance(ADA)
ADAas percent
ofenrollment
ADAas percentof ADM
Averagelength ofterm in
days
Averagenumberof days
attendedper Pupilenrolled
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 8
Undid Status 46,441,189 244557547 41,438,054 89.2 93.0 178.7 159.5
Alabama , 3796,073 765,765 723,399 90.9 94.5 176.0 159.9Alaska .. .! . . . . 89,732 83,414 77,866 86.8 93.3 176.3 153.0Arizona . . . . 4538,97.: 476,890 451:078 83.7 94.6 177.1 148.2Arkansas . . . . . . . '470,631 444,473 418,602 88.9 94.2 175.0 ' 155 7California . . . "4,452,064 4,385,283 ' 4,364,168 ' 98.0 5 99 5 176.0 ' 172.6
Colorado . . 602,350 564,871 532,248 88.4 94.2 176.5 160.0,Connecticut . . . . '667,088 666,797 615,443 92.3 92 3 180.0 166.1Delaware . 136,356 131,277 121,106 88.8 92.3 180.0 160.0District of Columbia 4 136,133 133,877 125,953 92.5 94 1 181.0 167.5Florida . . .. . . . . 1,653,041 1,525,405 1,401,774 84.8 91.9 179.4 152.2
Georgia . . . 3 1,194,723 1,021,435 9137,767 82.7 96.7 180.0 148.8Hawaii 4 1 78,307 . 177,057 161.458 90.6 91.2 175.4 158.8Idaho . . . 192,489 (4) 173,795 90.3 (6) 178.8 161.4Illinois . '2,320,6n 2,220,993 2,827,959 87.4 91 3 178.0 155.5Indiana . . , 4 1 ,2 26,21 1 1,145,216 1,078,959 88.0 94.2 180.9 159.2
Iowa . . . '669,226 623,974 589,892 88 1 94 5 176.6 155.7Kansas . . 4 459,059 ' 457,268 428,388 93.3 93.7 180.0 168.0Kentucky . 730,835 699,770 652,364 89 3 93.2 174.7 155.9Louisiana '870,468 831,481 761,593 87 5 91.6 179.8 157.3Maine . . 245,717 243,407 228,360 92.9 93.8 169.0 157.1
Maryland . . . 980,748 903,096 803,569 81.9 89 0 180.0 147.4Massachusetts . 4 1 ,21 2,254 1,210,647 1,066,005 87.9 88.1 181.0 159 2Michigan ' 2,157.875 (4) 1,985,245 92 0 (4) 7 180 0 165.6Minnesota . . 912,955 895,387 815,996 89.4 911 177.1 158.3Mississippi 534,567 504,376 483,585 90.4 95 9 177.3 160.3
Missouri 1,069,940 (4) 891,564 83 3 (4) 174 0 145 0Montana . 4 172,045 170,168 160,870 93 5 94 5 180.7 16.9.0Nebraska 4 323,521 ' 320.386 303,198 93 7
-9094 6 177 4 166.2
Nevada . . 4 136,636 '33.517 123,261 2 92.3 180.0 162 4New Hampshire , 176,432 167.734 156,518 88 7 93.3 177 2 157.2
New Jersey' '1,559,403 1,468,865 1,328,399 85 2 90 4 '183 6 156.4New Mexico 292,406 271 729 254,986 872 93.2 180 0 157.0New York ' 3,453,332 3.398,953 2,978,886 86 3 ' 87 6 180.0 155 3North Carolina '1.173,415 1,159,042 1,108,630 945 957 180.0 170.1North Dakota '145,731 / 138,075 133,231 91 4 96 5 180 7 '165 2-
Ohio ' 2,378,349 / 2,339,119 2,162,033 90 9 92.4 178 7 162 4Oklahoma . 630,417 591,911 559,132 88 7 94 5 175 4 155 6Oregon 495,651 461,287 429,480 86 7 93 1 177 0 153 4Pennsylvania 2,368,615 2,308,154 2,125,465 89 7 92 1 180 9 162.3Rhode Island 190,980 181,955 164,812 86 3 90 6 180.0 155.3
South Carolina 626,916 608,445 568,491 90 7 93 4 180.0 163 2South Dakota 165,065 156,895 149,097 90.3 95 0 176.9 159.8Tennessee . 914,867 869,537 817,902 89 4 94.1 176 1 157.5Texas 2,910,802 2,713.467 2,512,739 86 3 92 6 179 8 155.2Utah 316,625 304,417 276,787 87 4 90.9 180.0 157.4
Vermont 4106,236 103,516 99,375 93.5 96 0 176 0 164.6Virginia . 1,123,426 1,074,809 995,524 88 6 92.6 180 2 159 7Washington 4788,324 781,198 730,605 92 7 93 5 180 0 166.8West Virginia '421,046 401,930 374,226 88 9 93.1 178.9 159.0Wisconsin '987,022 948,044 876,167 88 8 92 4 180.0 159 8Wyoming '85,391 85,286 80,104 93.8 , 93.9 180.0 168 9
Outlying arms:
Canal Zone '11,965 11,859 11,385 95 2 96 0 175.0 166.5Guam . 29,199 25,978 24,081 82.5 92 7 180 0 148 5Virgin Islands ' 22,022 21,943 20,572 93 4 93 8 180 0 168 2
' Figure for a given State includes pupils enrolled for thefirst time in the United States during the school year andpupils transfering to that State from another during theschool year (except those with footnotes 3 and 4)
' Includes estimates for nonreporting StatesNet enrollment for the school year
'Enrollment not cumulative but as of a specific date` Data not strictly comparable with those of other States SOURCE U S Department of Health, Education, and Wel-because attendance figures include excused absences and fare, National Center for Education Statistics, Statisticsenrollment is not cumulative of State School Systems. 1973-74.
33
'Data not availableLegal minimum
'Data from published annual State reportData for 1971.72 school year
46
Tab
le 2
8.--
His
toric
al s
umm
ary
of p
ublic
ele
men
tary
and
seco
ndar
y sc
hool
sta
tistic
s: U
nite
d S
tate
s, 1
869-
70 to
197
1-72
Item
1
1869
-70
218
79.8
018
89-9
018
99 -
1900
1909
-10
1919
-20
1929
-30
1939
-40
1949
-50
1959
-60
1969
-70
1971
-72
34
56
78
910
1112
13P
opul
atio
n, p
upils
, and
Inst
ruct
iona
l sta
ffT
otal
pop
ulat
ion'
(th
ousa
nds)
Pop
ulat
ion
aged
5-1
7 ye
ars,
incl
usiv
e' (
thou
sand
s)P
erce
nt o
f tot
al p
opul
atio
n ag
ed 5
-17
Tot
al e
nrol
lmen
t in
elem
enta
ry a
nd s
econ
dary
day
scho
ols
( th
ousa
nds)
Nur
sery
, kin
derg
arte
n, a
nd w
ades
1-8
(tho
usan
ds)
Gra
des
9-12
and
pos
tgra
duat
e (t
hous
ands
)
Per
cent
of t
otal
pop
ulat
ion
enro
lled
Per
cent
of p
opul
atio
n ag
ed 5
-17
enro
lled
Per
cent
of t
otal
enr
ollm
ent i
n hi
gh s
choo
ls(g
rade
s 9-
12 a
nd p
ostg
radu
ate)
Hig
h sc
hool
gra
duat
es (
thou
sand
s)A
vera
ge d
aily
atte
ndan
ce (
thou
sand
s)T
otal
num
ber
of d
ays
atte
nded
by
all
pupi
ls e
nrol
led
(tho
usan
ds)
Per
cent
of e
nrol
led
pupi
ls a
ttend
ing
daily
Ave
rage
leng
th o
f sch
ool t
erm
(in
day
s)A
vera
ge n
umbe
r of
day
s at
tend
ed b
yea
ch p
upil
enro
lled
Tot
al in
stru
ctio
nal s
taff
(tho
usan
ds)
Sup
ervi
sors
(th
ousa
nds)
Prin
cipa
ls (
thou
sand
s).
Tea
cher
s, li
brar
ians
, and
oth
er n
onsu
per-
viso
ry in
stru
ctio
nal s
taff'
(th
ousa
nds)
Men
(th
ousa
nds)
Wom
en (
thou
sand
s)P
erce
nt m
en
Fin
ance
Tot
al r
even
ue r
ecei
pts
Fed
eral
Gov
ernm
ent
Sta
te g
over
nmen
tsLo
cal s
ourc
es, i
nclu
ding
Inte
rmed
iate
Per
cent
of r
even
ue r
ecei
pts
from
Fed
eral
Gov
ernm
ent
-
Sta
te g
over
nmen
ts.
Loca
l sou
rces
, inc
ludi
ng in
term
edia
teT
otal
exp
endi
ture
s fo
r al
l sch
ools
Cur
rent
exp
endi
ture
s fo
r el
emen
tary
and
seco
ndar
y da
y sc
hool
sC
apita
l out
lay
Inte
rest
on
scho
ol d
ebt
Oth
er e
xpen
ditu
res'
Per
cent
of t
otal
exp
endi
ture
s de
vote
d to
Cur
rent
exp
endi
ture
s fo
r el
emen
tary
and
seco
ndar
y da
y sc
hool
s .
..
.
39,8
1817
,055
30 3
50,1
5615
,066
30 0
62,9
4818
,543
29 5
'75,
995
21,5
7328
4
90,4
9224
,009
26 5
104,
512
27,5
5626
4
121,
770
31,4
1725
.8
6,87
29,
867
12,7
2315
,503
17,8
1421
,578
25,6
78
130,
880
30,1
5023
0
148,
665
30,1
6820
.3
179,
323
43,8
8124
5
203,
212
52,4
9025
.8
206,
217
52,2
9425
.4
25,4
3425
,111
36,0
87'4
5,61
92
46,0
81
6,79
238
0' 9
,757 11
012
,520 20
314
984 51
916
,899 91
519
,378
21,2
792,
200
4,39
918
,833
6,60
119
,387
5,72
527
,602
8,48
5
2 32
,597
'13,
022
232,
265
13,8
1617
357
0 1.2
4,07
7
539,
053
59 3
132
2
78 4
201 78
123
,38
7
197
65 5
11
- -
-
6,14
4
800,
720
62 3
130
3
81 1
287
123
164
42 8
20 2
68 6 16 22
8,15
4
1,09
8,23
364
.113
4 7
86 3
364
126
238
34.5
20 4
71 9 33 62
10,6
33
1,53
4,82
3-
68 6
144
3
99 0
423
127
296
29 9
197
74 2 51 111
12,8
27
2,01
1,47
772
.115
7 5
113
0-
--
523
110
413
211
20 6
78 3
10 2
231
16,1
50
2,61
5,16
174
216
1 9
121
267
8 7 14
657
93 565
14.1
211
81 7
17.1
592
21,2
65
3,67
2,76
582
817
2.7
143
088
0 7
31
843
140
703
16.6
194
84.4
26.0
1,14
322
,042
3,85
8,01
286
.717
5 0
151
791
2 532
875
195
681
22.2
169
83 2
22 7
1,06
322
,284
3,96
4,35
488
.717
7.9
1579 96
2
914
195
719
21.3
20.1
82.2
23.5
1,62
732
,477
5,78
1,77
490
017
8.0
160.
21,
464
14 64
1,38
754
02s9
8552
9.0
22.4
86 9
28 5
2,58
941
,934
7,50
1,09
490
.417
8 9
161
72,
253
32 91
2,13
15
691
51,4
4053
2.4
n 3
88.1
300
2,70
842
,254
7,57
4,16
790
.217
9.3
161.
72,
322 37 97
2,18
757
3751
,450
5337
56
Am
ount
s in
thou
sand
s of
dol
lars
(un
adju
sted
)-
- -
--
5143
,195 -
--
- -
5219
,766 --
-
- . -
5433
,064 - -
--
. - - --
5970
,120
2,47
516
0,08
580
7,56
1 .3
52,0
9855
77,
334
353,
670
1,72
7,55
3 4
52,2
60,5
2739
,810
684,
354
1,53
6,36
3
1.8
55,4
37,0
4415
5,84
82,
165,
689
3,11
5,50
7
2.9
514,
746,
618
651,
639
5,76
8,04
78,
326,
932
4.41
540,
266,
923
3,21
9,55
716
,062
,776
20,9
84,5
89 8.0
550,
003,
645
4,46
7,96
919
,133
,256
26,4
02,4
20 8.9
- --
16.5
16.9
30.3
39.8
39.1
39.9
38.3
- --
--
--
--
- --
- -
-83
282
.768
.057
-256
.552
.152
.83,
397
578,
095
5140
,507
5214
,965
5426
,250
51,0
36,1
5152
,316
,790
52,3
44,0
4955
,837
,643
515,
613,
255
540,
683,
429
548,
050,
283
114,
300
179,
514
356,
272
861,
120
1,84
3,55
21,
941,
799
4,68
7,27
4'1
2,32
9,39
9'3
4217
,773
'412
17,7
82. -
-26
,207
35,4
5169
,978
153,
543
370,
878
257,
974
1,01
4,17
62,
661,
786
4,65
9,07
24,
458,
949
. - -
. - -
--
-18
,212
92,5
3613
0,90
910
0,57
848
9,51
41,
170,
782
1,37
8,23
6-
--
3,27
79,
825
13,3
6735
,614
132,
567
635,
802
a 39
5,31
5
- -
-81
383
283
683
.179
.6.
82.8
80.3
'79.
0'8
4.1
'87.
0
Cap
ital o
utla
yIn
tere
st o
n sc
hool
deb
tO
ther
exp
endi
ture
s'
Ave
rage
ann
ual s
alar
y of
tota
l ins
truc
tiona
l sta
ff'P
erso
nal i
ncom
e' p
er m
embe
r of
the
labo
r fo
rce'
Tot
al e
xpen
ditu
re fo
r al
l sch
ools
per
cap
ita o
f tot
alpo
pula
tion
Nat
iona
l inc
ome'
per
cap
ita o
f tot
al p
opul
atio
nC
urre
nt e
xpen
ditu
re'
per
pupi
l in
A D
A "
Tot
al e
xpen
ditu
re's
for
day
scho
ols
per
pupi
l in
A D
.A.
Nat
iona
l inc
ome
per
pupi
l in
A D
AC
urre
nt e
xpen
ditu
re p
er d
ay'
per
pupi
l in
A D
AT
otal
exp
endi
ture
for
day
scho
ols
per
day
per
pupi
lin
A D
A
Ave
rage
ann
ual s
alar
y of
tota
l ins
truc
tiona
l sta
ffP
erso
nal i
ncom
e pe
r m
embe
r of
the
labo
r fo
rce
Tot
al e
xpen
ditu
re fo
r al
l sch
ools
per
cap
ita o
fto
tal p
opul
atio
n.
.
Nat
iona
l inc
ome
per
capi
ta o
f tot
al p
opul
atio
nC
urre
nt e
xpen
ditu
re p
er p
upil
in A
D A
. ..
Tot
al e
xpen
ditu
re fo
r da
y sc
hool
s pe
r pu
pil i
ntr
yA
D A
.
Nat
iona
l inc
ome
per
pupi
l in
A.D
AC
urre
nt e
xpen
ditu
re p
er s
lay
per
pupi
l in
A D
AT
otal
exp
endi
ture
for
day
scho
ols
per
day
per
pupi
l in
A D
.A.
..
......
.
187
$189
1 59
15 5
5 12
$195
1 56
12 7
1 10
$252
2;23
1213
'99
1723
2 A
O 13
16.5
16.4
11.0
1 8
4.0
5.6
.34
.6
17.4 1.7 .6
9.3
3.1
2.9
2.9
1.6
.a
Dat
a in
una
djus
ted
dolla
rs
$325
$485
$871
$1,4
20$1
,441
$3,0
10$5
,174
$8,8
40$1
0,10
01.
634
1,35
63,
400
5,41
38,
750
9,76
3
2 83
471
991
19 0
317
21
39.2
787
.07
200.
2023
3.01
667
587
1,52
02,
272
3,82
9.
4,34
9
1216
67'2
2785
53 3
286
.70
88.0
920
8.83
375.
1481
5.98
989.
67
20 2
133
.23
64 1
610
8.49
105
7425
825
472.
1795
5.00
1,12
7.81
3,84
53,
502
10,3
1212
547
18,6
5621
,226
2 12
12 1
833
.50
.50
1 A
72.
11)
4.56
5.52
14.2
1.4
0.6
3.6
01.
462.
655.
346.
29
Dat
a in
adj
uste
d do
llar
s-19
71-7
2 pu
rdia
sing
pow
er
$1,9
63$3
,414
$4,2
43$5
,230
$7,2
46$9
,631
$10,
100
3,92
83,
992
5.90
87,
581
9,53
39,
763
21 3
845
75
52.7
368
.24
1212
421
8.12
233.
01-,
1,60
31,
728
2,64
13,
182
4,17
24,
349
115.
0620
8.43
259.
3636
226
525.
3888
9.01
989.
67
138.
4526
0.81
311.
3344
9.78
661.
271,
040.
571,
127.
81
9,24
310
,311
17,9
1817
,572
20,3
2621
,226
711.
201.
472.
032.
964.
975.
52
.86
1.51
1 77
2.54
3.71
5.82
629
'Dat
a on
pop
ulat
ion
and
labo
r fo
rce
are
from
the
Bur
eau
o th
e C
ensu
s, a
nd d
ata
on p
erso
nal
inco
me
and
natio
nal i
ncom
e ar
e fr
om th
e O
ffice
of B
usin
ess
Eco
nom
ics,
U S
. Dep
artm
ent o
fC
omm
erce
.'F
all e
nrol
lmen
t.'D
ata
for
1870
-71
'Prio
r to
191
9-20
, dat
a ar
e fo
r th
e nu
mbe
r of
diff
eren
t per
sons
em
ploy
ed r
athe
r th
an n
umbe
r of
posi
tions
'Dis
trib
utio
n es
timat
ed b
y th
e O
ffice
of E
duca
tion.
'Bec
ause
of a
mod
ifica
tion
of th
e sc
ope
of "
curr
ent e
xpen
ditu
res
for
elem
enta
ry a
nd s
econ
dary
day
scho
ols,
" da
ta fo
r 19
59 -
60 a
nd la
ter
year
s ar
e no
t ent
irely
com
para
ble
with
dat
a fo
r pr
ior
year
s'In
clud
es s
umm
er s
choo
ls, c
omm
unity
col
lege
s, a
nd-a
dult
educ
atio
n. B
egin
ning
in 1
959.
60, a
lso
incl
udes
com
mun
ity s
ervi
ces,
form
erly
cla
ssifi
ed w
ith "
curr
ent e
xpen
ditu
res
for
eleM
enta
ry a
ndse
cond
ary
day
scho
ols.
'
Btg
inni
ng w
ith 1
971.
72, e
xclu
des
com
mun
ity c
olle
ges
and
adul
t edu
catio
n.'In
clud
es s
uper
viso
rs, p
rinci
pals
, tea
cher
s, a
nd o
ther
non
supe
rvis
ory
inst
ruct
iona
l sta
ff''E
xclu
des
curr
ent e
xpen
ditu
res
not a
lloca
ble
to p
upil
cost
s.''
"A
.D.A
." m
eans
ave
rage
dai
ly a
ttend
ance
in e
lem
enta
ry a
nd s
econ
dary
day
sch
ools
.''I
nclu
des
inte
rest
on
scho
ol d
ebt.
I3T
hevp
ends
ture
figu
re u
sed
here
is th
e su
m o
f cur
rent
exp
endi
ture
s al
loca
ble
to p
upil
cost
s,ca
pril
outla
y, a
nd in
tere
st o
n sc
hool
deb
t.'P
er-d
ay r
ates
der
ived
by
divi
ding
ann
ual r
ates
by
aver
age
leng
th o
f ter
m.
NO
TE
.-B
egin
ning
in 1
959.
60, i
nclu
des
Ala
ska
and
Haw
aii.
Bec
ause
of r
ound
ing,
det
ails
may
not
add
to to
tals
.
SO
UR
CE
: U.S
. Dep
artm
ent o
f Hea
lth, E
duca
tion,
and
Wel
fare
, Nat
iona
l Cen
ter
for
Edu
catio
nS
tatis
tics,
Sas
tatic
s of
Sta
te S
choo
l Sym
ms.
Tab
le 2
9. -
Enr
ollm
ent b
y gr
ade'
in fu
ll-tim
e pu
blic
ele
men
tary
and
seco
ndar
y. d
ay s
choo
ls: U
nite
d S
tate
s, 1
963-
64 to
197
4-75
Gra
de19
63-6
4'19
64-6
5'1.
965-
6619
66-6
7'19
67-6
8'19
68-6
9319
69-7
0319
70.7
1'19
71-7
7'19
72-7
3'19
73-7
4'19
74-7
5'1
23
45
67
89
10-
1112
13
All
grad
es
Kin
derg
arte
n-gr
ade
8
Kin
derg
arte
n1s
t gra
de.
2nd
grad
e-
3rd
grad
e4t
h gr
ade
5th
grad
e6t
h gr
ade
7th
grad
e8t
h gr
ade
Gra
des
9-12
and
pos
t-gr
adua
te
9th
grad
e10
th g
rade
11th
gra
de12
th g
rade
Pos
tgra
duat
e
Num
ber,
in th
ousa
nds
41,0
2542
,280
42,8
3543
,898
45,0
7645
,843
46,5
31.
46,6
2847
,002
46,6
6846
,317
45,8
5529
,915
30,6
52.3
1,17
731
,766
32,4
9532
,871
33,2
4933
,229
32,9
1032
,481
31,9
6031
,547
2,17
74,
023
'13,
7051
3,56
03,
467
3,36
63,
299
3,24
13,
077
2,25
04,
014
3,80
0'1
3,66
213,
523
3,46
53,
362
3,36
33,
212
2,32
94,
097
3,76
63,
741
3 (3
,609
1
3,50
43,
433
3,40
63,
293
2,41
1
3,82
83,
743
3,70
6'1
3,58
113,
492
3,52
83,
385
2,43
24,
155
3,88
53,
823
3,74
13,
723
313.
6071
3,61
43,
515
2,57
74,
082
3,91
83,
844
3,77
73,
716
3,70
1'(3
,696
13,
560
2,65
34,
026
3,87
63,
883
3,82
03,
777
3,72
13,
825
'13,
668)
2,61
03,
985
3,81
73,
827
3,84
13,
798
3,76
13,
827
3,76
3
2,53
33,
737
3,75
53,
781
3,79
23,
833
3,79
13,
883
3,80
5
2,55
23,
529
3,55
13,
714
3,75
33,
785
3,83
73,
913
3,84
7
2,69
23,
407
3,35
93,
508
3 68
73,
722
3,78
13,
936
3,86
8
2,92
03,
356
3,25
93,
328
3,50
83,
679
3,72
83,
889
3,88
0
1 1,
1 10
11,6
2811
,658
12,1
3212
,581
12,9
7213
,282
13,5
9914
092
14,1
8714
,357
14,4
083,
190
3,00
62,
747
2,16
0 6
3,19
83,
085
2,77
82,
567
3,30
73,
057
2,77
82,
511 5
3,41
23,
173
2,88
92,
641 7
3,54
63,
369
3,01
22,
638 16
3,64
73,
441
3,10
62,
760
18
3,70
83,
541
3,17
12,
841 21
'13,
8101
3,60
63,
261
2,89
329
3:96
93
(3,7
48 )
3,36
03,
005
10
3,95
63,
821
'13,
3961
3,00
4 10
3,98
53,
825
3,48
0'1
3,05
3) 14
4,00
63,
843
3,45
53,
088
15
Per
cent
All
grad
es10
0 0
100.
0'1
00.0
100.
010
0.0
100.
010
0.0
100.
010
0.0
100,
010
0.0
100.
0K
inde
rgar
ten-
grad
e 8
72 9
72 5
72 8
72 4
72 1
71.7
71.5
71 0
70.0
69 6
69.0
68 6
Kin
derg
arte
n53
5354
5555
5.6
5756
5455
5864
1st g
rade
9895
9.6
9492
8987
8.5
8076
7.4
7 -3
2nd
grad
e90
9088
8.7
868.
584
828.
076
7.3
73r
d gr
ade
8787
8785
8.5
848.
382
8.0
8.0
7672
4th
grad
e85
838.
484
8382
8.2
8281
808.
076
5th
grad
e82
8 2'
8282
828.
18.
181
8.2
8.1
8.0
806t
h gr
ade
8.0
8080
8080
8180
808.
182
8281
7th
grad
e79
8080
8080
8182
8283
848.
58.
58t
h gr
ade
757.
677
7778
7879
808
182
8.4
84G
rade
s 9-
12 a
nd p
ost-
grad
uate
27.1
27.5
27 2
27 6
27.9
28.3
28.5
29 0
30.0
30.4
31 0
o 31
39t
h gr
ade
7876
7.7
787.
88.
080
818.
48.
58.
68.
710
th g
rade
7373
717.
275
7.5
7.6
778.
082
8.3
8411
th g
rade
6766
6566
676.
86.
86.
97.
17.
375
7.5
12th
gra
de.
..
5361
5.9
605.
96.
061
6.2
6.5
6.5
6.6
67P
ostg
radu
ate
-(4
)(4
)(4
)(4
)(4
)(4
)()
.1(4
)(4
)(4
)E
nrol
lmen
t in
ungr
aded
and
spe
cial
cla
sses
is n
ot s
how
nse
para
tely
but
.s p
rora
ted
amon
g th
e gr
ades
.'E
stim
ated
from
fall
data
.'F
igur
esin
pare
nthe
ses,
sho
wn
in n
orm
al p
rogr
essi
on, i
ndic
ate
enro
llmen
ts in
succ
essi
ve g
rade
s of
the
pupi
ls w
ho e
nter
ed th
e fir
st g
rade
in 1
963-
64,
incl
udin
gre
tard
ed a
nd a
ccel
erat
ed p
upils
Bec
ause
of r
etar
datio
n, s
choo
l ret
entio
n ra
tes
shou
ld n
ot b
e ca
lcul
ated
dire
ctly
from
firs
t -gr
ade
enro
llmen
t
4 Le
ss th
an 0
.05
perc
ent
NO
TE
--
Bec
ause
of r
ound
ing,
det
ails
may
not
add
to to
tals
SO
UR
CE
S-
(11
U S
. Dep
artm
ent o
f Hea
lth, E
duca
tion,
and
Wel
fare
, Nat
iona
l Cen
ter
-for
Edu
catio
n S
tatis
tics,
Sta
tistic
s of
Sta
te S
choo
l Sys
tem
s, 1
965-
66(2
1V
I Est
imat
es o
f the
Nat
iona
l Cen
ter
for
Edu
cat.o
n S
tatis
tics
Table 30.-Enrollment in grades 9.12 in public and nonpublicschools compared with population 14-17 years of age:,
United States, 1889-90 to fall 1974
Schoolyear
Enrollment, grades 9.12'Population14-17 years
of age'
Totalnumberenrolledper 100persons
14.17yearsof age
Allschools
Publicachools
Nonpublicschools
1 2 3 4 5F
6
1889.90 359,949 a-3202,963 /94,931 5,354,653 l6.7
1899.1900 699,403 3519,251 ' 110,797 6,1 52,231 11.4
1909.10 1,115,398 '915,061 '117,400 7,220,298 15.4
1919 -20 2,500,176 '2,200,389 '213,920 7,735,841 ,, 32.3
1929-30 4,804,255 '4,349,422 "341,158 9,341,221 51.4
1939-40 7,123,009 6,635,337 487,672 9,720,419 73.3
1941-42 .. 6,9 33,265 6,420,544 512,721 9,749,000 71.1
1943-44 6,030,617 5,584,656 445,961 9,449,000% 63.8,1945-46 6,237,1 33 5,664,528 572,605 9,056,000 68.9
1947 -48 . . . . .. 6,305,168 5,675,937 629,231 8,841,000 71.3
1949-50 6,453,009 5,757,810 695,199 8,404,768 76.8
1951-52 6,596,351 5,917,384 678,967 8,516,000 77.5
1953-54 7,108,973 6,330,565 778,408 8,861,000 80.2
1955-56 7,774,975 6,917,790 857,185 9,207,000 84.4
1957-58 . . . 8,869,186 7,905,469 963,717 10,1 39,000 , 87.5
1959-60 9,599,810 8,531,454 1,068,356 11,1 54,879 `, 86.1
1961-62 10,7 68,972 9,616,755 1,152,217 12,046,000 89.4
Fall 1963 12,255,496 10,935,536 1,319,9606 13,492,000 90.8
Fall 1965 '13,020,823 11,657,808 1,363,015 14,145,000 92.1
Fall 1969 14,418,301 13,084,301 '1,334,000 15,550,000 92.7
Fall 1971 . . . . . 15,226,000 13,886,000 ' 1,340,000 16,279,000 93.5
Fall 1973 15,427,000 14,142,000 '1,285,000 16,743,000 0.1Fall 1974' 15,447,000 14,207,000 '1,240,000 16,876,000 91.5
' Unless otherwise indicated, includes enrollment in subcol agate departments ofinstitutions of higher education and in residential schoolS for exceptional children.Beginning in 1949-50, also includes Federal schools.
2 Includes all persons residing in the United States, but excludes Armed Forces overseas.Data from the decennial censuses have been used when appropriate. Other figures areBureau of the Census estimates as of July 1 preceding the opening of the school year.
'Excludes enrollment in subcollegiate departMents of institutions of higher education andin residential schools for exceptional children.Data for 1927-28.
' Estimated.Preliminary data.
NOTE.Beginning in 1959-60, includes Alaska and Hawaii.0
SOURCES. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Center forEducation Stoistics, Statistics of State School Systems; Statistics of Public Elementaryand Secondary Day Schools, Statistics of Nonpublic Elementary and SecondarySchools, and unpublished data
5037
Table 31.-Enrollment in special education programs for exceptional children: United States,February 1963 and 1970-71
Area of exceptionality'
1963 1979-71'
Totalenrollment
Local publicschools
Public and pre-vote residential
schools
Totalenrollment
Local publicschools
Public and WI-vats residential
schools1 2 3 4 5 6 7tTotal 1,682,351 1,570,370 111,981 3,158,000 3,025,000 133,000
Visually handicapped 21,531 13,962 7,569 24,000 15000 9,000Deaf and hard of hearing 45,594 28,551 17,043 78,000 58,000 20,000Speech impaired 802,197 802,197 (3) 1,237,000 1,237,000 - - -Crippled and special health problems . 64,842 64,842 (3) 269,000 269,000Emotionally and socially maladjusted 79,587 30,871' 4 48,71 6 113,000 56,000 58,000Mentally retarded ' 431,890 393,237 38,653 830,000 784,000 46,000Other handicapping conditions 22,039 22,039 (3) 126,000 126,000 - -Gifted 214,671 214,671 (3) 481,000 481,000 - - -
'Pupils were reported according to the majorality for which they received special educati
2 Estimated on the basis- of State reportsEducation.
3 Not included in survey of residential school4 Includes education programs in public
mentally ill.
type of exception-on.to the Office of
s.hospitals for the
SOURCES. U.S. Departmiint of Health, Education, and Welfare,Office of Education, survey of Special Education for Excep-tional Children; and Annual Report of the U.S. Commis-sioner of Education, Fiscal Year 1971.
able 32.--Pupils with handicaps, pupils receiving special instruction or assistance, and professional staff for thehandicapped in local public elementary and secondary schools: United States, spring 1970
Handicapped Handicapped pupilsHandicappedstaff for the handicapped
Regular teachers SpecializedType o andicep ,\ NumberPercent of
total NumberPercent of
hands- Total'Teachers of
separatewho provided
special in-professional
personnel whoenrollment capped
pupils(special),classes
struction inregularclasses
provided in-dividualizedinstruction
1 2.-
3.-
4 5 6 7 8 9
Total' 4,752,000 10.7 2,968,000 62.5 464,200 13L .0 247,900 80,100Speech impaired . . . . . 1,793,000 4.0 1,224,000 68.3 96,700 35,100 31,400 30,200Learning disabled . . .. . 1,160,000 2.6 648,000 55.9 123,000 27,900 81,400 13,700Mentally retarded . .. . 936,000 2.1 728,000 77.8 102,500 54,300 41,900 6,200Emotionally disturber. .. . 556,000 1.2 253,000 45.5 74,100 11,300 48,800 14,000Hard of hearing ... . .. . 131,000 .3 41,000 31.7 21,200 2,000 12,500 6,700Deaf 23,000 .1 21,000 90.5 6,200 2,300 3,000 800Crippled . . . . .. 82,000 .2 30,000 36.6 13,400 1,800 8,200 3,400Partially sighted 64,000 .1 17,000 26.7 20,200 800 16,100 3,300Blind .. . 6,000 (3) 6.000 94.0 6,900 500 4,600 1,800
' Includes pupils receiving instruction or assistance from one ormore of the following. Separate (special) classes, specialInstruction from regular teachers in regular classes, andindividualized instruction from specialized professional per-sonnel.
'The totals may be somewhat less than the figures shownbecause some pupils and teachers may have been reported inmore thin one category.
3 Less than 0 05 percent.
38
51
NOTE.-Data a e based upon a sample survey and are subjectto sampling variability. Percents were computed from un-rounded data. Because of rounding, details may not add tototals.
SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Wel-fare, National Center for Education Statistics, Number ofPupils with Handicaps in Local Public Schools, Spring 1970;and Professional Staff for the Handicapped in Local PubldSchools, Spring 1970.
v ii
Table 31-Number and percent of public school pupils transported atJbublic expense, and current expenditures for transportation:
United States, 1929-30 to 1973.74
School yearTotal
enrollment
Pupils transportedat public expense
Expenditure of ,
public funds
Number .
Percent oftotal
enrollment
Total, excludingcapital outlay(in thousands)
Average costper pupil
transported
1 2 3 4 5 6
1929.30 . . . 25,678,015 1,902,826 7.4 854,823 828811931.32 . . . 26,275,441 2,419,173 9.2 58,078 24.01
1933.34 . .. 26,434,193 2,794,724 10.6 53,908 19.291935-36 . .. 26,387,098 3,250,658 12.3 62,653 19.27
1937.38 . . . 35,975,108 3,769,242 14.5 75,637 20.07
1939-40 . , . 25 433,542 4,144,161' 16.3 83,283 20.101941-42 . . . 24,562,473 4,503,081 18.3 92,922 20.641943-44 . . . 23,266,616 4,512,412 19.4 107,754 23.881945-46 . .. 23,299,941 5,056,966 21.7 129,756 25.661947-48 . . . .3,944,532 5,854,041 24.4 176,265 30.11
1949-50 . .. 25,111,427 6,947,384 27.7 214,504 30.881951.52 . . . '26,562,664 7,697,130 29.0 268,827 34.93195354 . .. ' 25,643,871 ' 8,411,719 32.8 307,437 ' 36.551955.56 . . . '27,740,149 ' 9,695,819 36.0 353,972 , ' 36.51
1957-58 . . . ' 29,722,275 110,861,689 36.5 416,491 ' 38.34
1959-60 . . . ' 32,477,440 ' 12,225,142 37.6 ,,, 486,338 ' 39.781961.62 . . ' 34,682,340 ' 13,222,667 38.1 )536,361 ' 43.591963-64 . . . ' 37,405,058 ' 14,475,778 38.7 673,845 ' 46.551965-66 . . . ' 39,154,497 '15,536,567 39.7 787,358 ' 50.681967-68 . . . ' 40,827,965 ' 17,130,873 42.0 981,006 ' 57.27
1969.70 . . . ' 41,934,376 '18,198,577 43.4 1,218,557 ' 66.961971-72 . . . ' 42,254,272 ' 19,474,355 46.1 1,507,830 ' 77.43
1973-74 . . . ' 41,438,054 ' 21,347,039 51.5 1,858,141 ' 87.04
'Pupils in average daily attendance.
SOURCE U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Center forEducation Statistics, Statistics of State School Systems.
39
52
CI.
,
t'......
PUBLIC. SCHOOLS IN LARGE CITIES
Each fall the National Center for Education Sta-tistics collects basic data on the public elementary and'secondary schools in each State. In the same survey,statistics are also obtained on the public schools in the20 largest cities in the country, as determined by the1970 Census of Population. Data from the latest surveyhave recently become available with the publication ofa report entitled Statistics of Public Elementary andSecondary Day Schools, Fall 1974.
The public -schools of the 20 largest cities, are animportant segment of American education. In the fallof -1974 they accounted for slightly more than one-tenth of all public school pupils in The country,enrolling 10.3 percent of those at the elementarysehbol level (grades K-8) and 10.0 pertent of those atthe secondary level (grades 9-12). They also employed10.3 percent of all the classroom teachers in publicelementary and secondary schools in the United States.There were 20.8 pupils enrolled for each classroomteacher in large cities, a figure quite similar to thepupil-teacher ratio for the Nation as a whole (20.9pupils per teacher).
During the 1974-75 school year these 20 cities spentan estimated $7.7 billion for public elementary andsecondary schools, as compared with about $61.6billion nationwide. Indicative of the effort large citiesatiariaking to suppoc4 public education are the facts
that their current expenditure per pupil in averagedaily attendance is about 42 percent higher, than thenational average and their teachers' salaries are about23 percent higher.
Additional information on public schools in largecities may be found in table 34 and in Statistics ofPublic Elementary and SecOndary Day Schools, Fall1974, which may be purchased for $1.05 from theSuperintendent of Documents; U.S. Government Print-ing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.
-W. VANCE (*ANTSpedialist in educational statistics
Figure 6.-Population, public school enrollment, andpublic school expenditures in 20 large citiesas a i?ercikt of the national total
Poreemt Vs 20 largest cities in the United Stites11
10
a
0
_.- ....
.....1 11=1 II
1.=111
.....
Accounted for14.1 percent ofthe Nation'stotal popula-tion in 1970
Enrolled 10.2 per-cent of the pupilsin public elemen-tary and secondaryschools in fall 1974
Table 34 -Selected statistics on public elementary ilind secondary schools in 20 large cities compared withUnited Status totals. 1974-75
Spent about 12.5percent of thetotal outlay forpublic schools in1974-75
City
1
Fall
Total
I 2
enrollment
Kinderwhengrade I
3
-C\ados912and
postgraduate
4
Class
roomt @licher s
5
Pupilsper
teacher
6
Totalexpend!tures'
linthousands)
7
Currentexpend,.turf perpupil inaveragedaily at
tendenco'
8.
AverageWar
annualfor,
Total profissionalinstrucPonalstaff'
9
Classroom
teachers'
10Undid State* 45,064.000 30,131,000 14,125.000 2.150,000 T01 501,1211,000 51,241 51 2,010 51110520 large cities, total 4,603,425 3.197,130 1,406.295 221,524 20 6 7,688,035 1,777 1'1 14.210Baltimore, Md 173,198 123,693 49,305 7,939 218 252,298 1,444 11,535 11,119Boston, Mass 87,185 64,466 22,719 4,952 17 6 172 200 1,784 14,632 13.032Chicago, III 536,657 37,211 149,446 2 846 22 5 1,008,130 1,870 16,454 15,959Cleveland, Ohio 134,997 91,791 43,206 5, 1 27 0 211,400 1,520 13,360 12,653Digits, Taus . 151.215 106,698 44 517 6, 9 23 2 151,768 1,035 14,500 10,615Detroit, Mich 263.011 '183,494 79,517 91 6 27 4 323.970 1,269 151 14,026Houston Tex 211.369 152.593 58.776 8,825 24 0 191,544 811 9.455 9,019Indianapolis, Ind * 87 642 62,335 75,307 3,817 230 95,172 1,099 11,464 10.881Los Angeles Calif 607.206 416,333 190,873 29,446 20 6 845,132 1,19t 15,385 14,985Memphis, Tenn 115.846 79.914 35.932 5,770 20 1 139,008 1,149 11.100 10.800Milwaukee, Wis 116,656 81,528 37,326 5,506 216 '230,065 '1.746 14,850 14,250New Orleans, La 95,738 67,817 27,921 4,764 20 1 106,150 1,116 10,580 10,100New York, N Y 1,094,659 733,840 361.019 61920 -17 7 2.509,600 2,351 17.100 16.400Philadelphia, Pa ' 266.044 ' 181 078 '84 966 ' 11,800 ' 22 5 518.523 1,659 15,108 14 635Phoenix, Ariz 173,003 121,209 51,794 8,040 21 5 231,7'.. 1.067 12,259 10,841St Louis MO 90.011 63,314 27,197 3,828 2P 6 99,218 1,230 12,200 11,716San Antonio Tex 68,708 48,636 20,072 3,101 22 2 66,483 858 10,030 9,570San Diego Cella 123.214 85,866 37,328 5,429 22 7 144,836 1,066 15,300 14,800San Francisco, Calif 72.475 46 980 25 495 4,448 16 3 147,976 1,829 15,65 15,250Wsshington, D C 131,691 98 114 33 577 6,928 19 0 241.277 1.814 14,71 14,005' Estimated' Data not wadable' Includes expenditures for summer schools
SOURCE U S Department of Health, Education, and Welfare,National Cepter for Educator, Statistics, Statistics &rPubbc Ele rotary and Secondary Day Schools. Fall1974
40,
531.
Table 35.-Selected statistics of local public school systems, by enrollment size: United States, 1970-71
Item 'total
Enrollment size of school system
25,000 ormore
10,000 to24,999
5,000 to9,999
2,500 to4,999
300 to2,499
Under300
1 3 4 5 6 I 7
Number of operating schoolpiste-Mir-
_
Number of pupils enrolled'PreprimaryElementarySecondarySpecial education . . . .
Number of classroom teachers'PreprimaryElementarySecondary . . .
Special education
Average pupil-teacher ratio . .
Preprimary ; ...... .
Elementary . . . . . .
Secondary .
Special education . .
Revenue receipts, totalFrom local sourcesFrom intermediate sources .
From State sources . . . .
From Federal sources
Current expenditures . .
Allocated to pupil costs ... . .
Other current expenditures . .
Average daily membershipCurrent expenditures per pupil
in average daily membership
16,591 194 , 559 1,112 . 2,025 7,794 4,907
46,023,1 37 13,429,466 ,8,554,510 8,034,214 7,1 34,799 8,305,480 584,687
2,509,155 797,653 47 401 412,016 373,224 432,093 22,787
24,249,169 6,846,784 4,378, 3 4,260,660 3,895,235 4,464,598 402,910
. 18,534,823 5,524,1 36 3,572,942 3,249,113 2,761,566 3,291,319 135,748 .
729,990 260,893 131,185 112,425 104,775 117,451 3,262
2,035,226 '564,881 371,514 352,399 320,203 394,123
65,222' 20,414 12,127 10,119 9,638 11,591
1,017,519 274,932 ' 179,810 177,794 166,045 198,134
874,103 243,402 164,566 152,397 132,740 171,476
78,381 26,133 15,010 19,089 "11,780 12,923
32,106, 1,33420,804
9,522445
1
23 24 23 1 23 22 21 18
38 39 39 41 39 37 17
24 25 24 24 23 23 19
21 23 22 21 21 19 14
9- 10 9 9 9 9 7
Thousands of dollars
$42,423,838 $13,055,91322,851,320 6,963,552
504,049 79,69415,712,663 4,701,2313,284,806 1,311436
37,414 ;340 4 1,65i ,56135,827,344 11,091,8231,586,996 559,738
$7,617,6924,176,031
70,8982,881,876
488,888
6,657,0546,417,333
239,721
$7,374,4964,012,813
7.2,091
2,800,272489,320
6,507,8026,237,257
270,545
$6,358,4993,404,066
72,7582,427,629
454,047
5,610,1295,377,762
232,368
$7,428,3023,954,739
176,4242,799,576
497,563
6,505,390'6,240,779
264,611
$588,935340,120
32,186173,07743,552
482,404462,391
20,014
44,984,209 13,248,376
706 44 837.22
8,11 2,340
791 06
7,951,034
784.46
6,943,643
774 49
8,158,562
764.94
570,252
' Data are for fall 1971.
NOTE. Because of independent weighting. of components,details may 'not add to totals. -
41
810.85
SOURCES. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare,National Center for Education Statistics, Statistics of LocalPublic School Systems, Fall 1971, Pupils and Staff; andStatistics of Local Public School Systems, Finances, 1970-71.
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Table 37.--Percentage distribution of enrollment in elementary and secondary schools, by control and by State:Spring 1970
State
Kindergarten through grade 8 Grades 9 through 12
Total Publicschools
Nonpublic schoolsTotal Public
schools
Nonpublic schools
Church-related
Non-church-related
Church-related
Non-church-related
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
United States 100.0 88.1 9.7 2.2 100.0 90.2 63 3.0
Alabama 100.0 93.0 2.3 4.6 100.0 96.6 1.3 2.0Alaska 100.0 97.5 1:1 1.4 100.0 95.6 2.0 2.4Arizona 100.0 91.4 5.6 100.0 93.7 4.0 2.3Arkansas 100.0 95.5 2.0 100.0 97.1 1.3 1.6California 100.0 91.5 6.8 1.7 100.0 92.9 5.0 2.1
Colorado 100.0 92.7 5.9 100.0 93.4 4.2 2.3 1
Connecticut 100.0 86.7 11.6 1.7 100.0 83.5 9.2 7.3Delaware 100.0 86.7 10.0 3.4 100.0 88.6 5.7 5.7District of Columbia 100.0 89.7 6.3 4.0 100.0 85.3 6.6 8 0Florida 100.0 89.5 5.5 5.0 100.0 93.3 3.5 3.2
Georgia 100.0 94.5 1.4 4.1 100.0 96.3 1.0 2,7Hawaii 100.0 89.2 5.4 5.5 100.0 87.2 3.7 9.1Idaho 100.0 93.9 2.9 3.2 100.0 97.4 1.6 1.0Illinois ..... . 100.0 82.9 15.9 1.2 100.0 85.3 12.1 2.6'Indiana 100.0 89.8 9.1 1.1 100.0 92.7 5.6 1.7
Iowa 100.0 89.7 9.7 100 0 90.7 7.1 1.6Kansas 100.0 92.5 6.7 .7 100.0 93.4 4.7 1.9Kentucky 100.0 89.6 8.4 2.0 100.0 91.0 6.2 2.8Louisiana 100.0 p4.2 10.9 4.9 100.0 87.4 8.3 4.3Maine 100.0 94.1 5.2 .7 100.0 94.0 2.3 3.7
Maryland 100.0 87.0 10.4 2.7 100.0 88.0 7.2 4.8Massachusetts 100.0 83.1 13.7 3.1 100.0 83.2 11.0 5.7Michigan 100.0 87.4 11.8 8 100.0 89.0 9.2 1 7Minnesota 100.0 86.9 12.4 7 100.0 91 5 6.7 1.8Mississippi 100.0 92.2 2.0 5.7 100 0 94.6 1.1 4.3
Missouri . . . . 100.0 86.8 11.9 1.3 100.0 88.3 8.2 3.5Montana 100.0 92.4 5.0 2.6 100.0 93.2 5.1 1.7Nebraska 100.0 86.1 13.4 .4 100.0 88.1 10.3 1 6Nevada 100.0 96.7 2.9 .4 100.0 95.8 2.8 1.4New Hampshire 100.1) 82.9 13.4 3.7 100 0 86.9 8.0 5.1
New Jersey 100.0 31.7 16.8 1.5 100.0 84.0 11.7 i' 2New Mexico . . . 100.0 93.5 3.6 2.9 100 0 96.2 1.2 2.6New York . . . 100.0 81.1 16.8 2.0 100 0 83.3 12.0 4.7North Calotina . 100.0 95.2 1.3 3.5 100.0 97.6 .5 2 0North Dakota . 100 0 91.3 7.0 1.7 100.0 93 6 5.4 1.0
Ohio . . ..... . . . . 100.0 86.5 12.5 10 100.0 88.2 9.3 2.5Oklahoma 100.0 97.1 1.7 1.2 100.0 97 2 1.3 1.5Oregon ....... . . . . 100.0 91 6 53 3.1 100.0 94.7 3.8 1.6Pennsylvania . . . 100.0 80.4 17.7 1.8 100.0 83.7 12.6 3.7Rhode Island . . ' 100.0 79.8 17.7 2.5 100.0 84.0 10.6 5.4
South Carolina . . 100.0 94.2 1.5 43 100 0 96 8 1.0 2.2South Dakota 100.0 93 2 5.8 .9 100.0 94 5 4 1 1.4Tennessee . . . 100.0 94.4 22 3.5 100.0 95 3 1.7 3.0Texas. . . . . . 100.0 92.9 3.7 3.5 100.0 95.9 2.0 2.0Utah . . . . 100 0 98 1 1.5 4 100.0 97 6 1.2 1.2
Vermont . . . 100.0 89.9 72 2.9 100.0 88.8 6 2 4.9Virginia 100.0 92.5 29 46 100 0 94.9 1.7 3.4Washington 100.0 93.7 49 1.4 100 0 94.4 3.5 2.1West Virginia . 100.0 95 4 2.9 1.7 100 0 958 25 17Wisconsin . . . . 100.0 80 1 193 .6 100 0 89 4 8.8 1.8Wyoming . . . . 100 0 96 1 3.0 9 100 0 97 6 1.1 1.3
NOTE -Because of rounding, percents may not add to 100 0
SOURCE U S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Census of Population 1970, General Social and EconomicCharacteristics, Seri^s PC(11-C
43
56
Table 38.--Nonpublic elementary and secondary schools, pupils, and teachers, by level andby church affiliation of school: United States, 1970-71
[Teachers in full-time equivalents]
Item Total nonpublic Roman Catholic NonaffiliatedOther affiliatedand unknown
1 2 3 4 5
Schools
Total 18,142 11,343 2,824 3,975Elementary 14,372 9,362 1,754 3,256Secondary . . . . 3,770 1,981 1,070 719
Pupils
Total 1 5,369,794 4,363,074 457,907 548,813Elementary 1 4,056,151 3,354,816 272,575 428,760Secondary 1,313,643 1,008,258 185,332 120,053
Teachers
Total 225,706 ' 158,468 36,392 30,846Elementary . . 150,559 ' 109,994 19,211 21,354Secondary 75,147 ' 48,474 17,181 9,492
' Estimated by the National Center for Education Statistics.
SOURCES. (1) U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Center for Education Statistics,unpublished data from the survey Nonpublic Elementary and Secondary Education, 1970-71. (2) NationalCatholic Educational Association, U.S. Cathohc Schools, 1971-72. (Copyright © 1972 by the NationalCatholic Educational Association.)
Table 39.--Summary statistics on Catholic elementary and secondary schools: United States, selected years,1919-20 to 1974-75
School yearNumber of schools Enrollment Instructional staff'
Elementary Secondary Elementary Secondary Elementary Secondary
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1919-20 . . 6,551 1,552 1,795,673 129 848 41.592 7,9241929.30 7,923' 2,123 2,222,598 241,869 58,245 14,3071939-40 . . . 7,944 2,105 2 035,182 361,123 60,081 20,9761949-50 8,589 2,189 2,560,815 505,572 66,525 27,770Fall 1960 - 10,501 2,392 4,373,422 880,369 108,169 43,733
Fall 1962 10,646 2,502 4,485,221 1,009,126 112,199 46,880Fall 1964 10,832 2,417 4,533,771 1,066,748 117,854 53,3441967-68 10,350 2,277 4,105,805 1,092,521 '129,800 ' 58,0001968-69 10,113 2,192 3,859,709 1,080,891 ' 131,200 '59,4001969.70 9,695 2,076 3,607,168 1,050,930 133,200 `62,200
1970-71 9,370 1,980 3,355,478 1,008,088 112,750 53,4581971-72 . . 8,982 1,857 3,075,783 959,186 106,686 52,3971972-73 8,761 1,773 2,874,225 924,141 105,384 50,5801973-74 . 8,550 1,719 2,710,734 903,374 102,785 51,0981974-75 8,418 1,677 '2,533,983 898,077 99,869 50,186
Beginning in 1970-71, includes full-time teaching staff only'Includes estimates for the nonreporting schools
SOURCES National Catholic Educational Association, AStatistical Report on Catholic Elementary and Secondary
5744
Schools for the Years 1967-68 to 1969-70, as compiledfrom the Official Catholic Dectory. (Copyright 0 1970 bythe National Catholic Educational Association All rightsreserved ) Catholic Schools in America (1975 edition,copyright 6U 1975 by the Franklin Press All rightsreserved )
Table 40 - Estimated enrollment in nonpublicelementary and secondary schools, by State:
Fall 1975
Enrollment in nonpub is schoolsState or other area
Total Elementary Secondary1 2 3 4
United States . . . . 4,600,000 3.400,000 1,200,000
Alabama 48.800 36.600 12,200Alaska 500 300 200Arizona 26,800 20,300 6,500Arkansas 10,900 7,900 3,000California 302,700 237,100 65,600
Colorado -- 31,800 23,600 8,200Connecticut 97,700 61,200 36,500Delaware 16,700 11,900 4,800District of Columbia 20,500 12,000 8,500Florida 100,900 72,200 28,700
Georgia 29,500 19,100 10,400Hawaii 19,600 13,600 6,000Idaho 5,600 4,100 1,500Illinois .. 398.200 300,100 98,100Indiana 96,100 75,200 20,900
lows ' 64,100 45,700 18,400Kansas .. .... 31,300 23,800 7,500Kentucky 56,400 41,200 15,200Louisiana 126,700 93,900 32,800Maine 17,800 10,200 7,600
Maryland 104.300 76,600 27,700Massachusetts 179,20G 120,500 58,700Michigan 239,200 174,300 64,900Minnesota 105,200 82,800 22,400Mississippi 61,100 36,900 24,200
Missouri . . 93,600 82,300 11,300Montana . . ... 9,900 6,700 3,200Nebraska 40,200 28,000 12,200Nevada 2,700 1,900 800New Hampshire . . . 25,000 16,800 8,200
New Jerxy 234,500 179,800 54,700New Mexico . . . 12,400 9,400 3,000New York . . . 670,200 496,900 173,300North Carolina . . . 25,500 20.200 5,300North Dakota .. . . 10,800 7.500 3,300
Ohio 287,700 212,400 75,300Oklahoma . . . . 11,300 8,100 3,200Oregon . . . . 23,100 17,400 5,700Pennsylvania 449,600 329,800 119,800Rhode Island . . . 33,300 24,400 8,900
South Carolina . . . 27,500 22,400 5,100South Dakota . 10,800 8,100 2,700Tennessee . . 31,400 20,000 11,400Texas . 110,000 83,800 26,200Utah : . . . . 4,300 3,000 1,300
Vermont . . . 11,100 5,500 5,600Virginia 59,300 39,600 19,700Washington . . 41,400 29,000 11,500West Virginia 10,600 7,000 3,600Wisconsin 170,200 136,200 34,000Wyoming . . 2,000 1,800 200
Outlying areas 64,700 46,100 18.606
American Samoa . . . 1,200 1,000 200Canal Zone . . 500 400 100Guam . 4,500 3,400 1,100Puerto Rico . 54,800 38,400 16,400Virgin Islands 3.700 2,900 800
SOURCE Estimates of the National Center fo EducationStatistics
Table 41.--Enrollment in foreign languagescompared with total enrollment in grades
9-12 of public secondary schools:United States; fall 1965, 1968,-and 1970
[Numbers in thousands)
N
LanguageFall1965
Fall1968
Fall1970
Percentchange,
1965 to1970
1 2 3 4 5
Total enrollment, grades942 11,610 12,716 13,332 14.1
All foreign languages.'Number 3,659 3,891 3,780 3.3Percent 31.5 30.6 28.3 - - -
Modern foreign languages
Number .. . ..... . 3,06e 3,518 3,514 14.6Percent 26.4 27.7 26.4 - -
Spanish:Number 1,427 1,698 1,811 26.9Percent 12.3 13.4 13.6 - -
FrenchNumber . . . . . 1,251 1,328 1,231 -1.7Percent . .. . . .. . 10.8 10.4 9.2 - - -
German:Number 328 423 411 25.7Percent .. . . . . 2.8 3 3 3.1 ...
R ussianNumber 27 24 20 -24.5Percent . . . . . . .. . .2 .2 .2 . - -
Italian.Number . . 25 27 27 8.3Percent .2 .2 .2 - - -
Other modern foreignlanguages
Number . 9 18 15 54 4Percent . . . . . 1 .1 .1 - - -
LatinNumber . . . . . . . 591 372 265 -55 1Percent . . . . . . . . 5.1 2.9 2.0 - - -
Includes Inrollment in ancient Greek (not shown separately). Fewerthan 1,000 students were enrolled in this language in each of the 3years.
NOTE -Bacause of rounding, details may not add to totals.Percentages were computed from unrounded data.
SOURCES (1) Modern Language Association of America, ForeignLanguage Offerings and Enrollments in Public SecondarySchools, Fall 1970. (2) U.S. Department of Health, Education,and Welfare, National Center for Education Statistics, Statisticsof Public Elementary and Secondary Day Schools.
5845
ENROLLMENT IN PREPRIMARY PROGRAMS
The National Center for Education Statistics hasrecently issued a report on Preprimary Enrollment,October 1974. This publication continues the series ofstudies of the enrollment of children age 3 through 5in nursery school and kindergarten. These reports areof considerable interest to educators who are becomingmore and more aware of the importance of preprimaryeducation in preparing children for the early elemen-tary grades.
A.Jook at the data for the years from 1964 to 1974reveals divergent trends in the number of youngchildren and in the number and percent enrolling inpreprimary programs. Reflecting a sizable reduction inthe birth rate in recent years, the number of childrenage 3 through 5 in-the United States declined from12.5 million in 1964 to 11., million in 1969 and to10.4 million in 1974. Tlii represented a decrease ofone-sixth in the number cR children in this age rangeduring the decade. -On the other hand, the number ofthese children enrolled in preprimary programs in-creased from 3.2 million in 1964 to 3.9 million in 1969and to 4.7 million in 1974. Thus there was a 47percent rise in enrollment during the same period thatthe number of children in the appropriate age groupdecreased by 17 percent.
Figure 7 shows the percentage of 3-, 4-, and5-year-olds enrolled in nursery school and kindergarten
in the fall of 1964, 1969, and 1974. As the chartindicates, the steepest growth rate was in the enroll-ment of 3-year-olds, where the percent enrolled wasmore than 41/2 times as great in 1974 as in 1964. Thepercentage of 4-year-olds in school increased 21/2 timesduring the decade. The enrollment of 5-year-oldsstarted from a much higher base (58 percent in 1964)but also increased very substantially to 79 percent in1974. Overall, the proportion of 3- to 5-year-oldchildren enrolled in preprimary programs rose from25 percent in 1964 to 45 percent in 1974. Clearly,preprimary education is one of the most dynamic andrapidly developing segments of the American educa-tional system.
,
The data in the preprimary enrollment reports arebased upon sample surveys of the population con-ducted by the Bureau of the Census for the NationalCenter for Education Statistics. The enrollment figuresinclude pupils enrolled in public and nonpublicschools. Preprimary Enrollment, October 1974 may bepurchased for 85 cents from the Superintendent ofDocuments, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washing-ton, D.C. 20402.
--W. VANCE GRANTSpecialist in educational statistics
Figure 7.--Percent of 3-, 4 , and 5-year-old children enrolled in preprimary programs: UnitedStates, October 1964, 1969, and 1974
PERCENT
so
so
40
203year olds
4-year-olds
5-year-olds
1964 1969 1974 1964 1969 1934"
SOURCE U S Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Center for Education Statistics, reports on Preprimary En-rollmen t.
1964 969 1974
46
59
Table 42.--Enrollment of 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old children in preprimary programs,by age and by type of program: United States, October 1974
[Numbers in thouserx1s1
Enrollment statusand .
type of program
Total3-5 years
old,
3 yearsold
4 yearsold
5 yearsold
1 2 3 4 5
-Enrollment status
Total population 10,303 3,460 3,516 3,426
Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Enrolled 45.2 19.9 37.6 78.6Not enrolled in these programs 54.8 80.1 62.4 21.4
Type of program
Total enrolled 4,8119 666 1,322 2,693,
Nursery school 1,603 650 865 88
Public 422 159 229 34Noppublic 1,182 492 636 54
Kindergarten 3,096 34 457 2,606
Public 2,580 20 314 2,246Nonpublic t 516 15 143 359
NOTE. - Excluded from this table are 377,000 5-year-olds in elementary schools above the kinderge ten level and159,000 6-year-olds in preprimary programs. Because of rounding, details may not add to totals.
SOURCE U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Center for Education Statistics, Pre-,primary Enrollment, October 1974.
Table 43.--Number of students enrolled in various subject areas compared with total enrollment in grades 7-12of public secondary schools United States, 1948-49, 1960-61, and 1972-73
Subject area1948-49 1960-61 1972.73'
NumberPercentof total Number
Percentof total Number
Percentof total
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Total enrollment, grades 7-12 6,907,833 100.0 11,732,742 100.0 18,577,234 100.0
English language arts . . . . . . . . 7,098,770 102.8 12,972,236 110.6 24,079,059 129.6Health and physical education' 7,794,671 112.8 12,081,639 103.0 21,517,330 115.8Social sciences . . . 6,981,980 101.1 11,802,499 100.6 18,898,794 101.7Mathematics . . . ..... . . 4,457,987 64.5 8,596,396 73.3 13,240,326 71.3Natural sciences 4,031,044 58.4 7,739,877 66.0 12,475,429 67.2
2,484,201 36.0 4,954,347 42 2 6,111,223 32.9Business education . . 3,186,207 46.1 4,667,570 39.8 6,376,633 34.3Industrial arts . . . . . . 1,762,242 25.5 3,361,699 28.7 5,726,138 30.8Home economics . . . . . . . 1,693,825 24.5 2,915,997 24.9 4,651,535 25.0Foreign languages , . 1,234,544 17.9 2,576,354 22.0 4,510,947' 24.3
1,219,693 17.7 2,383,703 20.3 5,115,981 27.5Agriculture . . . 373,395 5.4 507,992 4 3 374,622 2.0Vocational trade and industrial education . . 369,794 5.4 344,704 2.9 484,484 2 6Distributive education . . . (3) (3) 38,362 .3 129,549 .7Other . 111,053 1.6 106,467 .9 4 9,1 26
(s )
Data revised since originally publishedIncludes driver education and ROTC
'Data not reported separately4 Includes bilingual education oniyLess than 0.05 percent
NOTE -Percentage may exceed 100 0 because a pupil may be
47
60
enrolled in more than one course within a subject areaduring the school year.
SOURCES U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Wel-fare, National Center for Education Statistics, Patterns ofCourse Offerings and Enrollments in Public SecondarySchools, 1970 -71; and unpublished data.
IOFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS
The, average student in a public high school in1972.73 enrolled in more courses than did his prede-cessors in the early 1960's and the late 1940's, accordingto a recent study by the National Center for EducationStatistics. In its survey of offerings and enrollments inpublic secondary schools during 1972-73, the Centerfound that the average number of courses taken perstudent was 6.7. This may be compared with anaverage of 6.4 courses in 1960-61 and 6.2 courses in1948-49.
Students in 1972-73 had a wide range of coursesfrom which to choose. The fields that enrolled thelargest numbers of students were English language arts,24.1 million; health and physical education, 21.5million; social sciences, 18.9 million; mathematics,13.2 million;, and natural sciences, 12.5 million. Sincethe total enrollment in public high schools (includingjunior high schools) was 18:6 million, it is obvious thatsome students enrolled in more than one course inEnglish, health and physical education, or socialsciences.
Figure 8 shows the percentage increase in the totalnumber of students in public high schools and inenrollments in selected fields between 1960-61 'and1972 73. It will be observed that enrollments in nearlyall of the traditional academic fields increased at afaster rate than did the total number of students. Therapid enrollment increases in English, health andphysical education, and foreign languages are especiallynoteworthy. On the other hand, the growth rate forthe field of mathematics was somewhat less than the
,,increase in the total number of students in publt.: highschools.
For additional information the reader may wish toconsult a report from the National Center for Edu-cation Statistics entitled Summary of Course Offeringsand Enrollments in Public Secondary Schools,1972-73. Earlier publications in this series have ap-peared at intervals of about 10 or 12 years.
W. VANCE GRANTSpecialist in educational statistics
Figure 8.Percentage increase in enrollments in selected fields of study and in the total numberof students in public secondary schools: United States, 1960-61 to 1972-73
FIELD OF STUDYEnglish language arts
85.6%
Health and physical education
78 1%
Foreign languages
75 1%
Social sciences
60.1%
Is
Natural sciences
61.2%
Mathematics
- 54.0%
1 I 1
0 20 40NOTE Includes students in grades 7 through 12 in public
secondary schools
Total students
58.3%1
60 80 100
SOURCE U S Department of Health, Educatiun. and Welf:i;e,National Canter for Education Statistics. Summary ofCourse Offerings and Enrollments in Public SecondarySchools, 1972-73
48
61
Table 44.--Number of full-time and part -time' classroom teachers in public and nonpublic elementaryand secondary day schools, by State: Fall 1974 and fall 1975
State orother area
Fall 1974 Fall 19752Total Public Nonpublic) Total Public Nonpublic
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
United States 2,387,000 2,159,000 228,000 2,384,000 2,168,000 228,000
Alabama 37,940 35,380 2,560 38,060 36,530 2,530Alaska 4,150 4,090 60 4,170 4,110 60Arizona 22,576 21,206 1,370 22,650 21,290 1,360Arkansas 21,248 20,678 570 21,330 20,760 570California 218,119 202,929 15,190 218,830 203,760 15,070
Colorado 29,072 27,222 1,850 29,170 27,340 1,830Connecticut 41,094 35,474 5,620 41,190 35,620 5,570Delaware 7,289 6,349 940 7,310 6,380 930District of Columbia 8,218 6,928 1,290 8,240 6,960 1,280Florida 76,262 70,842 5,420 76,610 71,140 5,370
Georgia 48,336 46,446 1,890 48,510 46,640 1,870Hawaii 8,786 7;806 980 8,810 7,840 970Idaho(Pinola -.-. . .
/,..., 8,833130,609
8,563112,749
27017,860
8,860130,920
8,600113,220
26017,700
Indiana . . . . ... ....... , 53,972 49,302 4,670 54,140 49,510 4,630
Iowa 36,085 32,715 3,370 36,190 32,850 3,340Kansas 27,193 25,573 1,620 27,280 29,680 1,600Kentucky .. 34,685 31,755 2,930 34,800 31.890 2,910Louisiana . . . . . . . . . 48,062 42,132 5,930 48,190 42,310 5,880..... . . . . . 13,157 12,017 1,140 13,200 12,070 1,130
Maryland . .. . . . . ........ 48,112 42,802 5,310 48,240 42,980 5,280Massachusetts 76,940 67,220 9,720 77,140 67,600 9,640Michigan 101,431 90,481 10,950 101,710 10,850Minnesota 49,507 43,817 5,690 49,640 449%008130 5,640Mississippi . .. 26,820 23,580 3,240 26,890 23,680 3,210
Missouri . . . A 51,941 47,391 4,550 52,100 47,590 4,510Montana 9,565 9,015 550 9,600 9,050 550Nebraska . . ... 19,487 17,367 2,120 19,540 17,440 2,100Nevada .... . . ..... 5,716 5,616 100 5,740 5,640 100New Hampshire . 10,850 9,360 1,490 10,880 9,400 1,480
New Jersey . 90,128 179,278 10,850 90,360 79,610 10,750New Mexico .. . 13,381 12,651 730 13,420 12,700 720New York . 220,361 188,961 31,400 220,860 189,740 am 20North Carolina . 52,811 51,221 1,590 53,010 51,430
-- 1,580
North Dakota . 8,147 7,577 570 8,180 7,610 ' 570
Ohio . . . 117,282 104,512 12,770 117,610 104,950 1 12,660Oklahoma . . . 29,756 28,986 770 '29,870 29,110 760Oregon . . 23,560 22,300 1,260 23,640 22,390 1,250Pennsylvania . 130,210 110,300 19,910 130,500 110,760 19,740Rhode Island 11,039 9,329 1,710 11,060 9,370 1,690
South Carolina 29,514 27,804 1,710 29,610 27,920 1,690South Dakota . . 8,778 8,118 660 8,810 8,150 660Tennessee 41,348 39,278 2,070 41,490 39,440 2,050Texas . . 140,229 133,759 6,A70 140,740 134,320 6,420Utah . 12,735 12515 220 12,790 12,570 220
,:,VermontVirginia . ... , 0
.
7,03457,330
6,22453,280
810. 4,050
1,05057,510
6,25053,500
800, 4,010
Washington .. 35,904 33,584 2,320 36,020 33,720 2,300West Virginia ,` , 19,562 '18,992 570 19,640 19,070 570Wisconsin . 56,731 48,541 8,190 56,860 48,740 8,120Wyoming . . 5,105 4,985 120 5,130 5,010 1'20
Outlying areas 32,241 28,941 3,300 32,330 , 29,080 3,2,0American Samoa 706 666 40 710 670 , 40Canal Zone l F 628 608 20 630 610 20Guam . . . . ,. . 1,496 1,326 170 1,500 1,330 -. 170Puerto Rico 27,870 225,000 2,870 27,940 25,100 2,840Virgin Islands 1,541 1,341 200 1,550 1,350 ".200
'Part-time teachers are included in totals n full-time equiva-lents
' Estimated
SOURCES (1) U.S. Department of Health, Education, andWelfare, National Center for Education Statistics.. Statisticsof Public Elementary and Secondary Day Schools, Fall 1974.(21 Estimates of the National Center for Education Statistics.
49
62
Table 45.Classroom teachers in public elementary and secondary schools, by level of instruction,sex, and State: United States, 1973-74
(In full-time iquivalants)
State or other areaTotal elementary andsecondary teachers' Elementary teachers Secondary teachers
Total Men Women Total Man Woman Total Men Women1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
United States 2,155,448 722,868 1,432580 1,175,980 197,423 978,557 979,488 525,445 464,023Alabama 34,818 *8,147 26,671 16,994 1,073 15,921 17,824 7,074 10,750Alaska . 4,046 1,628 2,418 2,314 652 1,662 1,732 976 756Arizona . . . . . . . .. 21,042 7,733 13,309 14,860 3,963 10,897 6,182 3,770 2,412Arkansas , . 20,285 5,205 15,080 10,272 705 9,567 10,013 4,500 5,513california' 200,832 78,764 122,068 121,584 29,289 92,295 79,248 49,475 29,773Colorado' 26,392 9,928 16,464 13,250 2,439 10,811 13,142 7,489 5,653Connecticut 36,573 13,577 22,996 22,224 5,556 16,668 14,349 8,021 6,328°glowers 6,280 2,445 3,835 2,693 447 2,246 3,587 1,998 1,589District of Columbia 7,195 1,434 E,761 4,131 322 3,809 3,064 1,112 1,952Florida . . . . . . 67,516 19,V06 47,811 34,619 4,149 30,470 32,897 15,556 17,341Georgia 51,070 10,479 40,591 31,161 2,528 28,633 19,909 7,951 11,958Hawaii . ..... . . .. 7,906 1,768 6,138 4,510 305 4,205 3,396' 1,463 1,933Idaho 8,279 3,116 5,163 3,862 564 3,298 4,417 2,552 1,865Illinois . . . . 110,403 37,785 72,618. 73,680 16,687 56,993 36,723 21,098 16,625Indiana . . . . . . . . 49,873 18,494 31,379 24,609 3,923 20,686 25,264 14,571 10,693Iowa 32,518 11,883 20,635 16,157 1,669' 14,488 16,361 10,214 6,147Kansas' 25,377 8,100 17,277 13,718 1,805 11,913 11,669 6,295 5,364Kentucky . . .. . . . 31,170 8,390 22,780 19,264 3,032 16,232 11,906 5,358 6,548Louisiana 38,804 10,066 28,738 21,768 2,554 19,214 17,036 7,512 9,524Maine ... . . . . .. 11,226 4,472 6,754 6,657 1,613 5,044 4,569 2,859 1,710Maryland' 42,793 13,266 29,527 21,589 2,845 18,744 21,204 10,421 10,783Missachusetts . . . . . 61,943 23,328 38,615 28,131 4,409 23,722 33,812 18,919 14,893Michigan . -, _ , . . . . 96,291 36,384 59,907 43,689 6,077 37,612 52,602 30,307 22,295Minnesota 43,622 19,039 24,583 22,177 4,725 17,452 21,445 14,314 7,131Mississippi ... . . . . . 23,071 5,649 17,422 12,778 1,152 11,626 10,293 4,497 5,796Missouri . 48,001 13,758 34,243 24,875 2,447 22,428 23,126 11,311 11,815Montana'. . . . . . . 8,733 3,650 5,083 5,278 1,332, 3,946 3,455 2,318 1,137Nebraska 17,156 5,754 11,402 9,151 1,143 8,008 8,005 4,611 3,394Nevada 5,629 2,152 3,477 2,969 556 2,413 2,660 1,596 1,064New Hampshire' . . . 7,512 2,730 4,782 4,192 794 3,398 3,320 1,936 1,384New Jersey' . . . . . 83,621 28,263 55,358 50,173 10,536 39,637 33,448 17,727 15,721
i New Mexico' . . . . . . 12,057 4,110 7,947 6,137 963 5,174 5,920 3,147 2,773New York'' . . . . . 188,572 70,254 118,318 91,332 17,073 74,259 97,240 53,181 44,059North Carolina . 50,864 10,916 39,948 33,127 3,684 29,443 17,737 7,232 10,505North Dakota .. 7,303 2,924 4,379 4,689 1,170 3,519 2,614 1,754 860Ohio' . . 102,739 35,114 67,625 54,733 8,353 46,380 48,006 26,761 21,245Oklahoma 29,190 9,157 20,033 14,703 2,062 12,641 14,487 7,095 7,392Oregon' . . . . 24,072 10,109 13,963 13,233 3,235 9,998 10,839 6,874 3,965Pennsylvania . . . 113,721 45,688 68,033 54,476, 11,339 43,137 59,245 34,349 24,896Rhode Island . . 9,422 3,382 6,040 5,441 1,031 4,410 3,981 2,351 .1,630South Carolina . . . 28,725 5,203 23,522 17,508 1,389 16,119 11,217 3,814 7,403South Dakota 8,257 2,850 ' '5,407 5,251 930 4,321 3,066 1,920 1,086Tennessee . . 38,107 9,470 " 28,637 23,100 2,949 20,151 15,007 6,521 8,486Texas' .. . . 132,843 35,868 96,975 71,155 6,875 64,280 61,688 28,993 32,695Utah . . . , . . 12,319 5,062 7,257 6,241 1,184 5,057 6,078 3,878 1,200Vermont' . . . . 6,024 2,151 3,873 3,238 447 2,791 2,786 1,704 1,062Virginia . . . 54,893 12,980 41,913 29,867 3,112 21,755 25,026 9,868 15,158Washington . 32,651 13,602 19,049 18,014 4,620 13,394 14,637 8,982 5,655West Virginia . . . . . 18,553 5,242 13,311 10,042 1,293 8,749 8,511 3,949 4,562Wisconsin . . . . . 50,351 19,689 30,662 28,030 5,871 22,159 22,321 13,818 8,503Wyoming' 0 . 4,808. 2,005 2,803., 2,334 552 1,782 2,474 1,453 1,021
Outlying areas:_
Canal Zones 611 179 432 324 34 290 287 145 142Guam .. 368 880 727 118 609 521 250 271Virgin sands' . . . . 1,214 384 830 654 98 556 560 286 274' May include other nonsupery sory instructional staff whennot reported separately.
'Distribution by sex and level estimated by National Centerfor Education Statistics to include full-time equivalents ofparttime teachers
estimated by the National Center for EducationStatistics to include combined elementary and secondaryteachers
'Partially estimated by the National Center for EducationStatistics to include vocational/technical teachers
'Distribution by sex estimated by the National Center forEducation Statistics
50
63
'Partially estimated by the National Center for EducationStatistics to include music and art teachers.
7 Distributed by sex and level estimated by the National Centerfor Education StatisticsIncludes full-time personnel only.
'Data are for the number of full-time and part-time personnel' °Partially estimated by the National Center for Education
Statistics to include special education teachers
SOURCE U.S Department of Health, Education, and Welfare,National Center for Education Statistics, Statistics of StateSchool Systems, 1973-74.
Table 46.-Instructional.staff in public elementary and secondary schools, by type of position and by State:United States, 1973-74
[In full-time equivalents]
State or other area
Totalinstruc-tionalstaff
Type of positionPrincipals
andassistantprincipals
Consultantsor super-visors of
instruction
Class-room
teachers
.
Libra-nans .
Guidanceand
counselingpersonnel
-P ,sycho-logical
personnel
Other non-supervisoryin structionalpersonnel'
1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9
United States 2,425,445 100,455 37,738 2,155,448 44,242 55,743 9,326 22,493Alabama 36,542 1,458 266 34,818 - - - (3) - - - -Alaska . . . . . . . . 4,532 199 79 4,046 105 98 5 - - -Arizona . , .. 23,652 849 491 21,1I2 511 538 99 122Arkansas , 22,157 967 94 20,285 423 388 - - - - - -California .. , . . . 221,020 9,565 1,971 200,832 1,752 5,558 1,342 - - -
Colorado . . 29,833 1,416 478 26,392 455 725 88 279Connecticut .. 40,586 1,133 762 36,573 538 1,135 445 - -Delaware . . . 7,160 2n 111 6,280 148 179 38 109District of Columbia . 8,436 36g 212-, 7,195-481 289 55 135Florida . 79,522 3,312 1,218 67,516 2,243 2,222 1,576 1,435
Georgia . . . 56,623 2,298 325 51,070 1,889 1,041 - - - - - -Hawaii .. .. 8,781 378 - - 7,908 231 266 - - - - -
Idaho .. . 486 127 8,279 167 227 43 14Illinois .. . ... . 125,119 4,998 2,691 110,403 2,628 3,230 549 620kncliana . .. . . 55,435 2,565 703 49,871 820 1,265 138 71
Iowa .. .. , . 36,308 1,683 113 32,518 845 1,029 49 71Kansas .. 28,880 1,392 245 25,377 823 618 119 306Kentucky 34,894 13,464 347 , 31,170 1,158 734 18 3Louisiana 42,807 1 A38 547 38,804 1,139 854 25 - - -Maine .. . . . . . . 12,378 559 193 11,226 136 254 9 1
Maryland . .. . 48,322 2,354 561 42,793 1,127 1,211 185 91Massachusetts . . . .. 70,609 3,193 1,722 61,943 1,257 2,187 307 -
Michigan .. .. 108,514 4,781 1,354 96,291 1,978 3,007 308 795Minnesota . . . 48,376 1,800 531 43,622 1,131 1,018 148 126Mississippi . 26,249 1,268 378 23,071 662 528 20 322
Missouri . . 53,981 2,313 I 808 48,001 1,147 1,530 - - 182Montana . 9,767 387 122 8,733, 252 273 - - - - - -Nebraska . . 19,515 796 607 17,156 462 463 31 - - -Nevada . .. 6,279 282 55 5,629 128 158 27 - - -New Hampshire . 8,673 441 110 7,512 111 275 - - - 224
New Jersey 3 , .
New Mexico . .
93,66713,636
3,133658
1,059257
83,62112,057
- - -
237- - -
384- - -
845,854
35New York' . 217,489 8,202 9,279 188,572 2,617 5,816 1,357 1,646North Carolina . . 56,459 2,017 537 50,864 1,619 977 43 402North Dakota . 7,888 259 40 7,303 126 101 6 53
Ohio . 115,726 5,002 844 102,739 2,077 3,031 492 1,541Oklahoma . 32,201 1,694 238 29,190 399 649 22 9Oregon ... 27,700 1,219 612 24,072 697 828 27 245Pennsylvania 126,748 3,770 1,828 113,721 2,1'19 3,283 437 1,570Rhode Island 10,807 405 158 9,422 231 395 48 148
South Carolina 32,805 1,540 691 28,725 1,092 704 53 - -South Dakota 9,213 399 53 8,257 187 191 9 117Tennessee 42,473 1,539 579 38,107 1,180 869 199 - . -Texas . 148,401 6,860 1,193 132,843 2,179 t 2,331 159 2,836Utah 13,952 597 179 12,319 302 340 66 149
Vermont 7,063 388 77 6,024 162 231 5 176Virginia 62,221 2,848 965 54,893 1,791 1,462 262 - -
Washington . s39,834 1,832 1,204 32,651 1,178 1,045 245 1,679West Virginia 20,830 1,300 330 18,553 270 - 354 9 14Wisconsin . 56,639 2,121 356 50,351 1,221. 1,338 233 1,019Wyoming 5,400 233 38 4,808 91 114 22 94
Outlying areas:
Canal Zone 666 20 13 611 4 18 - -- - - -Guam 1,425 74 14 1,248 34 52 3 -
Virgin Islands . 1,365 59 10 1214 26 56 - - - - -
' Includes audiovisual instructors, television instructors, andother nonsupervisory instructional staff
'Included with classroom teachers'Data from published annual State report'Includes librarians and guidance, psychological, and othernonsupervisory instructional staff
'Data are the number of full-time and part-time positions. .
SOURCE U S Department of Health, Education, and Welfare,National Center for Education Statistics, Statistics of StateSchool Systems, 1973-74
51
6 I
Table 47,Selected characteristics of public school teachers, by level and by $x: United States, 1970-71
Item All teachers Elementary Secondary Men Women
1 2 3 4 5 6
Highest degree held.No 4-year degree percent 2.9 4.6 1.1 2.1 3.4Bachelor's degree ........ . . . . , . . percent 69.6 74 5 64.2 54.8 77.4Master's degree or 6 years . . . . . . . . . .. percent 27.1 20.9 33.9 42.6 19.0toetor's degree .. percent 0.4 .... 0.8 0.6 0.3
Median years of teaching experience . . . . . . ..... 8 8 7 8 8Length of required school week hours 36.5 36.3 36.8 .... ....Average number of hours per week devoted to teaching duties 46.9 45.8 48.1 47.6 46.5Ayer.ge number.of'days of classroom teaching in school year 1970-71. . . 181 181 181
Average annual salary as classroom teacher dollars $9,261 $9,092 $9,449 $9,854 $8,953Average age years 38 39 36 36 39Sex r percent 100.0 .... .... , \ 34.2 65:7Marital status'
Married . . percent .... .... .... ,7.9 44.0Single , percent .... .... .... 5.2 14.2Widowed, separated, divorced percent ... .... .... 11 7.5
NOTE -Data are based on reports received from a sample of1,533 teachers Because of rounding, percents may not add to100 0.
Table 48.Public secondary school teachers, by teph-ing field and by sex: United States, 1970-71
Teaching field in which largestportion of time was spent
AB
teachersMen Women
1 2 3 4
All fields:
Number : . . . . . .. . 931,896 504,217 427,679Percent . . 100.0 100.0 100 0
Agriculture . . . 0 6 1.0 - -Art . . . . 3.7 3.1 4.4Business education 5.9 3.6 8.8English . 20 4 13.2 29 1Foreign language , 4.8 2.3 7.8
Health and physical education 8 3 7 0 10.0Mathematics 14.4 15 2 13.4Home economics . 5.1 - - 11.3Science 10.6 16 5 3.4Social studies 140 196 72Music . . . . , . 3.8 4 9 2.5Industrial arts and vocational
education . . '6 2 10.9 10 6Special education . 1 1 0.8 1 6Other fields . . 1 0 ., 1 9
'Vocational education only
NOTE -Percents are based on reports received from a sample of707 teachers, because of rounding, they may not add to100 0.
SOURCES National Education Association, Research Division,Research Report 1972 -R3, Status of the American Public.School Teacher, 1970-71, and Research Report 1971 -R13,Estimates of School Statistics, 1971-72. (Copyright 0 1972and 1971, respectively, by the National Education Associa-tion All rights reserved
SOURCE: National Education Association, Research Division,Research Report 1972 -R3, Status of the American Public.School Teacher, 1970-71. (Copyright 01972 by the NationalEducation Association. All rights reserved.)
Table 49.-Estimated number of classroom teachersin nonpublic secondary schools, by teaching
field: United States, fall 1975
Teaching fieldClassroom teachers
Number 'Percent1 2 3
All fields 79,000 100.0
English . 13,000 16.5Social studies . 11,300 14.3Religion . 10,100 12.8Mathematics . 9,000 11.4
Foreign language 8,700 11.0Health and physical education 8,300 10.5Science ..... . . . . . 6,700 8.5Business education . . 4,500 5.7
Music . 4,300 5.5Art 1,200 1.5Home economics ...... 900 11Industrial arts and vocational
education 600 .7
All other . . . . . 400 .5
SOURCE Estimates of the National Center for EducationStatistics
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65
Table 50.--Estimated average annual salary of classroom teachers in public elementaryand secondary schools: United States, 1955-56 to 1974.75
School yearAvers salary (in dollars) Average salary index (1955.56. 100.0)
ElementaryAll teachers
teachersSecondaryteachers
All teachersElementary
teachersSecondaryteachers
2 3 4 5 6 7_I1955-56 $4,055 $3,852 $4,409 X00.0 100.0 100.01956-57 4,239 4,044 4,581 104.5 105.0 103.91957.58 4,571 4,373 4,894 112.7 113,5 111.01958-59 4,797 4,607 5,11 118.3 119.6 116.01959-60 4,995 4,815 5,276 123.2 125.0 119.7
1960.61 ....... 5,275 5,075 5,543 130.1 131.7 125.71961.62 5,515 5,340 5,775 136.0 138.6 131.01962-63 5,732 5,560 5,980 141.4 144.3 135.61963-64 5,995 5,805 6,266 147.8 150.7 142.11964-65 6,195 5,985 6,451 152.8 155.4 146.3
1965-66 6,485 6,279 6,761 159.9 163.0 153.31966-67 6,830 6,622 7,109 168.4 171.9 161.21967.68 a 7,423 7,208 7,692 183.1 187.1 174.51968-69 7,952 7,718 8,210 196.1 200.4 186 21969-70 8,635 8,412 8,891 212.9 218.4 201.7
1970-71 9,269 9,021 9,568 228.6 234.2 217.01971-72 9,705 9,424 10,031 239.3 244.7 227.51972-73 10,164 9,876 10,497 250.7 256.4 238.11973-74 10,778 10,507 11,077 265.8 272.8 251.2
- 1974-75 11,513 11,234 11,826 283.9 291.6 268.2
SOURCE National Education Association, annual Estimates of School Statistics. (Latest edition copyright© 1975 by the National Education Association. All rights reserved.)
Table 51.--Percentage distribution of estimated annual salaries paid classroom teachers in public-
elementary and secondary schools: United States, 1952.53 to 1973-74
School yearPercent of classroom teachers paid -
Less then$3,500
$3,500-4,499
$4,500-5,499
$5,500-6,499
$6,500-7,499
$7,500-8,499
$8,500-9,499
$9,500-10,499
$10,500-11,499
$11,500or more
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
1952-53 62.0 25.0 '13.0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - --1953.54 . . . 55.8 26.6 '17.6 - - - - - -- - - - -- - - - -1954 -55 .. 48.5 29.2 '22.3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --1955-56 . . . . . . . 426 31 4 ' 26 0 - - - - -- - - -1956-57 . . . . 350 330 ' 32 0 - -- - - - - - -- - - - - - - - --
1957.58 . . 25.6 33.5 ' 4 0 9 - - - - - -- - - - - - - --1958-59 . . . . . . 17.0 31.7 26.7 15.7 '8.9 - - - - - - - -1959.60 . . . 12.8 -- 29.7 282 174 '119 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -196^ 61 . . 9.2 260 272 19.3 10.9 '74 - - - - - - --19u1-62 5.7 20.9 28.9 226 12.9 '90 - - - - - - - -
1962-63 . . 4.3 177 28.0 23.4 145 8.1 '4.0 - - - - - --1963-64 . . 27 14 2 286 242 15.1 9.0 '6.3 - - - - - - - -1964-65 . . . 1 6 11.9 270 247 16 6 ' 10.1 ' 5.5 ' 2 6 - - -1965-66 . . . . . . 8 8.0 22 7 26.8 19.1 11 5 6.6 '4.5 - - -1966-67 . . . . . . . 3 4.1 19.7 26.7 198 13.2 8.6 4.5 '3.1 - -
1967-68 - - '21 11 5 25.5 22.0 153 10.5 66 '6.5 - -1968-69 . . - "6 9 18.1 24.5 18.1 13 4 ,8.6 6.0 4.31969-70 "2.9 13 2 20.5 19.7 14.4 11 4 7.7 10 31970.71 '1 5 72 156 188 15.6 12.5 9.4 19.01971.72 . - - - - '19.9 17.5 16.5 12.4 10.2 23.1 I
1972-73 '149 16.8 16.0 14.0 107 27.71973-74 . . . . . . - '8.9 14.6 15.6 14.9 132 32.7
' $4,500 or more, detailed breakdown not available2S6,500 or more, detailed breakdown not available'$7,500 or more detailed breakdown not available.$8,500 or more, detailed breakdown not available
Detailed breakdown not available beyond this salary range'Less than $4,500. detailed breakdown not available7 Less-than $5,500, detailed breakdown not available
8 Less than $7,500, detailed breakdown not available.
NOTE.-Because of rounding, percents may not add to 100.0.
SOURCES National Education Association, Research Report19;3-R3, Economic Status of the Teaching Professioh1972-73, and Research Report 1973-R8, Estimates of SchoolStatistics, 1973-74. (Copyright © 1973 and 1974, respectively,by the National Education Association. All rights reserved.)
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66
Table 52,--Ayeiage annual salary of instructional staff' in full-time public elementaryand secondary day schools, by State: 1929.30 to 1974-75
State orother area
Unadjusted dollars Adjusted dollars 1974-75 pufchasing power)'1929 -30 1939.40 1949-50 1959-60 1969-70 1974.755 1929-30 193,9.40 1949-50 1959-60 1969.70
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 1 12
United States' $1,420 $1,441 $3,010 $5,174 $8,840 $12,070 $4,297 $6,340 $6,583 $9,121 $12,123Alabama . . 792 744 2,111 4,002 6,954 9,503 2,397 2,757 4,617 7,055 9,537Alaska 1,728 (5) 6,859 10,993 16,906 5,229 75 ) ( 5 ) 12,091 15,076Arizona . 1,637 1,544 4 3,556 5,590 8,975 11,168 4,954 5,722 7,777 9,854 12,308Arkansas . 673 584 1,801 3,295 6,445 69,021 2,036 2,164 3,939 511808 8,839California 2,1 23 2,351 (5) 7 6,600 9,98p 14,915 6,424 8,713 (5) 11111,634 f3,087Colorado . ' 1,453 1,393 2,821 4,997 7,900 11,554 4,397 5,162 6,170 8,809 10,834Connecticut 1,812 1,861 3,558 6,008 9,400 12,0451 5,483 6,897 7,782 10,591 12,891Delaware . . . . . 1,570 1,684 3,273 75,800 9,300 12,110 4,751 6,241 7,158 710,224 ' 12,754District of Columbia 2,269 2,350 3,920 6,280 11,075 14,716 8,866 8,709 8,573 11,070 15,188Florida . . 876 1,012 2,958 5,080 8',600 10,780 2,661 3,750 6,469 8,955 11,794Georgia 684 770 1,963 ' 3,904 7,372 10,641 2,070 2,854 4,293 86,882 10,110Hawaii 1,812 (5) (5) 5,390 9,829 13,665 5,483 (' ) (5) 9,501 13,479Idaho . 1,200 1,057 2,481 4,216 7,257 9,573 3,631 3,917 5,426 7,432 9,952Illinois . 1,630 1,700 3,458 '5,814 9,950 13,469 4,932cJ 6,300 7,563 '10,249 13,645Indiana . 1,466 1,433 3,401 5,542 9,514 11,358 4,436 5,311 7,438 9,769 13,130Io'wa . . 1,094 1,017 2,420 74,030 8,200 10,598 3,310 3,769 5,293 77,104 11,245Kansas , . 1,159 1,014 2,628 '4,450 7,811 9,770 3,507 3,758' 5,748 7 7 ,844 10,712Kentucky 896 826 1,936 3,327 7,624 9,240 2,711 3,061 4,234 5,865 10,456Louisiana . 941 1,006 2,983 4,978 7,220 9,800 2,847 3,728 '6,524 8,775 9,902Maine . . 942 894 2,115 3,694 8,059 13,202 2,850 3,313 4,626 6,512' 11,052Maryland 1,518 1,642 3,594 5,557 9,885 13,282 4,593 6085 7,860 9,796 13,556Massachusetts - 1,875 2,037 3,338 ' 05,545 9,175 12,468 5,874 7,549 7,301 '9,775 12,583Michigan . 1,534 1,576 3,420 5,654 10,125 14,224 4,642 5,841 7,480 9,967 13,885Minnesota 1,251 1,276 3,013 5,275 9,957 12,852 3,786 4,729 6,590 9,299 13,655Mississippi 620 559 1,416 3,314 6,012 8,338 1,876 .2,072 3,097 5,842 8,245Missouri 1,235 1,159 2,581 4,536 8,091 -10,257 3,737 4,295 5,645 7,996 11,096Montana . . 1,215 1,184 2,962 '4,425 8,100 10,160 3,677 4,388 6,478 '7,800 11,108Nebraska 1,077 829 2,292 3,876 7,855 9,715 3,259 3,072 5,013 6,833 10,772Nevada . 1,483 1,557 3,209 5,693 9,689 12,854 4,488 5,770 7,018 10,036 13,287New Hampshire 1,254 1,258 2,712 4,455 8,018 10,016 3,795 4,662 5,931 7,853 .10,996New Jersey 2,113 2,093 3,511 1 ' 5,871 9,500 (5) 6,394 7,757 7,679 1110,349 13:028New Mexico 1,113 1,144 3,215 5,382 8,125 10,200 3,368 4,240 7,032 9,487 11,143New York . 2,493 2,604 3,706 6,537 10,200 ' '15,000 7,544 9,650 8,105 11,523 13,988North Carolina 873 946 2,688 4,178 7,744 11,275 2,642 3,506 5,879 7,365 10,620North Dakota . 900 745 2,324 3,695 6,900 9,176 2,723 2,761 5,083 6,514 9,463Ohio 1,665 1,587 3,088 , 5,124 8,594 11,100 5,038 5,881 6,754, 9,033 11',786Oklahoma 1,070 1,014 2,736' 4,659 7,139 9,208 3,238 3,758 5,984 8,213 9,970Oregon 1,612 1,333 3,323 5,535 9,200 10,958 4,878 4,940 7,268 9,757 12,617Pe9nsylvania 1,620 1,640 3,006 5,308 9,000 12,200 4,902 6,078 6,574 9,357 12,343Rhode Island 1,437 1,809 . 3,294 ' ' 5,499 8,900 12,885 4,348 6,704 7,204 119,694 12,205.South Carolina 788 743 1,891 3,450 7,000 9,770 2,384 2,754 4,136 6,087 ,1.9,600South Dakota 956 807 2,064 3,725 6,700 8,860 2,893 2,991 4,514 6,566 9,188Tennessee . . 902 862 2,302 3,929 7,290 9,878 2,729 3,195 5,035 6,926 9,998Texas 924 1,079 3,122 4,708 7,503 10,136 2,796 3,999 6,828 8,299 10,290Utah 1,330 1,394 3,103 5,096 8,049 10,150 4,025 5,166 6,787 , 8,983 11,038Vermont 963 981 2,348 4,466 8,225 9,206 2,914'- 3,636 5,135' 7,873 11,280Virginia 861 899 2,328 4,312 8,200 11,279 2,605'+ 3,332 5,092 7,601 11,245Washington 1,556 1,706 3,487 "5,643 9,500 12,538 4,708 6,322 7,626 ' '9,947 13,028West Virginia 1,023 1,170 2,425 ' 3,952 7,850 9,124 3,096 4,336 5,304 6,967 10,765Wisconsin 1,399 1,379 3,00715 "4,870 9,150 13,046 4,233 5,111 6,577 ''8,585 12,548Wyoming 1,239 1,169 2,798 4,937 8,532 10,350 3,749 . 4,332 6,120 8,703 11,701
Outlying areas
American Samoa (5) (5) 0 / 852 5,130 5,100 (5) (s ) (5) 1,502 '7,035Canal Zone (5) ( ) (5 ), 6,034 10,400 16,190 (5) (5) (5) 10,637 14,263Guam r )
(") (5) 4,107 7,800 17,980 (5) 0 / (5) 7,240 10,697
Puerto Rico 0 / (5) (5) ' 2,360 (5 ) 0 0 (5 ) (5) 4,161 (s )Virgin Islands (5) (' ) I') 3,407 (5) 11,154 (5 ) (s ) (5 ) 6,006 (5 )
Includes supervisors, principal , classroom teachers, and otherinstructional stallBased on the Consumer Price Index, prepared by the Bureauof Labor Statistics; U S Department of LaborEstimated
'Beginning in 1959-60, includes Alaska and Hawaii'Data not available`Includes professional noninstructional admin,stranye staff'Partly estimated"Excludes k ndergar ten teacher.'Includes administrators
154
'Includes clerical assistants to instructional personnelncludes attendance personnel
Salary data reported 35 median salary'Excludes vocational schools not operated as part of theregular public school system
SOURCES U S Department of Health, Education, and Wel-fare, National Center for Education Statistics, Statistics dlState School Systems and Statistics of Public Elementaryand Secondary Day Schools. Fall 1974
7
ci.
Table 53.--Average annual salary of instructional staff in public elementary andsecondary day schools, and average annual earnings of full-time employees
in all industries, in unadjusted dollars and adjusted dollars:United States, 1929-30 to 1974.75
School year
Unadjusted dollarsr
instructional
.
Adjusted dollars
solaPurvrZsulff
member of
staff
(1974.75Wrver) iEarnings-Firfull-time eM-,,, work-trn'iyf; wages
or salary 3
Salary permember of
11
instructions,staff
Earnings perfull-time em-
work,t'pig for wagesor salary 2
1 2 3 4 6 41
1929-30 . . . . $1,470 $1,386 !" $4,297 $4,1941931-32 1,417 1,1 5,091 4,304t933-34 . . . ,227 '4 1,070 4,798 4,1841935.36. 1,283 1,160 4,839- 4,375 .1937.38 . . . 1,374 1,244 4,973 4,503
1939.40. . . . . 1,441 1,282 5,340 4,7511941.42 .. . . . 1,507 1,5/6 5,010 5,2401943-44 . 1,728 2,030 5,141 6,0401945-46 . 1,995 2,272 5,668 6,4551947-48 . . . . 2,639 2,692 5,864 5,982
1949-50 . . . . 3,010 2,930 6,983 6,4051951-52 . 3,450 3,322 6,797 6,5451953-54 . . - 3,825 3,628 7,396 7,0151955-561957.58 ,
. .
.
. . .
. .
. 4,156.4,702
3,9244,276
8,0078,520'
1959-60 . 5,174 4,632 9,121
877E751654609
1961.62. ' .5,700 4,928 9,818 8,488
1963-64 . 6,240 ..-----5,373 10,473 , 9,0181965-66 . . . . 6,935 jc.- 5,838 11,249 9,4691967.68 7,630 6,444 11,617 9,811
1969-70 . . . . 8,840 7,334 12,123 '10,0581971.72 10,100 8,334 12,713 10,4901973-74' . 11,185 9,400 12,421 10,4391974-75' . . 12,070 (4) 12,070 (4)' Based on the Consumer Price Index, prepared by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, SDepartment of Labor.
'Calendar-year data from the U S. Department pf Commerce have been converted to aschool-year basis by aye rasing the two appropriate caleadar years in each case.
'Estimated4 Data not available.
SOURCES (1) U.S Department of Flea", Education, and Welfare, National Center to,Education Statistics. Statistics of State School Systems and Fall StatnPcs of PublicSchools. (2) U.S Department of Commerce, Bureau of Econormc Analysis, Survey ofCurrent Business, July issues through 1974' U.S. Income and Output, and NationalIncome, 1954 edition
Table 54.--Number of public school systems and number of pupilsenrolled, by size of system United States, 1971.72
Enrollment size'
.School systems Pupils enrolled
Number Percent Nyrnber jarsthousands)
- ...'Percent
1 2 3 4 5
Total . 17,238 100.0 '48,010 100.0
25,000 or more . 194 1 1 14,084 29.312,000 to 24,999 423 2 5 6,938 14 56,000 to 11,999 . 990 5 7 8,194 17 13,000 to 5,999 . 1,913 11 1 7,966 16 61,800 to 2,999 1,952 11 3 4,541 9 5
1.200 to 1,799 1,650 9 6 2.446 5,1600 to 1.199 2,635 15.3 2,268 4 7300 to 599 2,367 13 7 1,037 2 2150 to 299 1,645 9 5 . 366 850 to 149 . 1,416 8 2 136 1
15 to 49 . 905 5 3 26 1
1 to 1 4 770 4.5 7 (' )None' --er 378 2 2 0 0
' Based on the num of pupils enrolled in October 191'Includes 1,84,000 st enrolled at the college level''Less than 05 percent.'Systems not operating schools
NOTE -Because of rounding, details may not add to totals
SOURCE U S Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1912 Census ofGovernments, Vol 1, Governmental Organization
55
68
Table 55.-Number of local basic administrative units (schooldistricts), by State: Fall 1974
StateOr
other area
School districts, fall 1974Decreasein total
number of
Total Operating Non-operating
districtssince fall
1969(+ denotes increase)
1 2 3 4 5
United States 111,561 16,229 332 LenAlabama 126 126 - - +8Masks 32 32 - - - +4Arizona 283 271 12 13Arkansas 385 383 2 2California . . 1,048 1,048 .. - 34Colorado 181 181 - - - - - -Connecticut 165 165 - - - 17Delaware 24 24 - 2District of Columbia . 1 1 - -Florida . . . . 67 67 - - -
Georgia . . . 188 188 3Hawaii 1 1 - --Idaho . ...... . . 115 115 - - - - - -Illinois 1,060 1,054 6 167Indiana . . . . 305 304 1 19
45C 450 - - - 4Kansas . . . . . 310 310 1
Kentucky . . . 189 189 4Louisiana . . . . . 66 66 - - - _ .Maine .. 300 266 34 +10Maryland . . . 24 24 - - -Massachusetts 402 360 42 26Michigan . . . . 594 592 2 50Minnesota . . 442 439 3 423Mississippi . . . . 150 150 - +2Missouri , . . . . 572 572 - 148Montana . . . . . 643 599 44 135Nebraska . . . 1,238 1,138 50 582Nevada . . .. . 17 17 - -- - -New Hampshire 167 156 11 4New Jersey' . 601 579 22 +9New Mexico . . 88 88 - - 1
New York 758 739 19 2North Carolina 151 151 - 1
North Dakota 360 325 35 75Ohio . 617 617 - - 22Oklahoma . 634 634 - 51Oregon 339 337 2 11Pennsylvania 505 504 1 102Rhode fPand 40 40 - - - -South Carolina 94 94 - -- +1South Dakota 231 219 12 531Tennessee 146 146 3Texas 1,135 1,129 6 81Utah 40 ' 40 ..Vermont . "74 246 28 - - -Virginia . 139 139 - - +5Washington 313 313 15West Virginia 55 55 - -Wisconsin 436 436 21Wyoming .
-15ailitini60 60 97
arims
Arne-Ican Samoa 1 1 - - -Canal Zone I 1
Guam 1 1
Puerto Rico 1 1
.,mica Islands 1 I 1 . . .
' Oats for fall 1973
SOURCE. V S Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Natior al Center forEnucatIon Statistics. Sraftsrics of Public Elementary and Secondary Day Schools, Fall1969 and Fall 1974
69
Table 56.--Number of local basic administrative units (school districts) and number of public and nonpublicelementary and secondary schools: United States, 1929-30 to 1973-74
School year School. districts'
Public school systems Nonpublic schools'
Elementary schools Secondaryschools
Elf) Men-tary Secondary
Total-
1-teacher
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1929-30 (3) 238,306 149,282 23,930 9,275 3,2581931-32 127,531 232,750 143,391 26,409 9,734 3,2891933-34 . . .., . . . .. . (') 236,236 139,166 24,714 9,992 3,3271935-36 (') 232,174 131,101 25,652 9,992 3,3271937-38 119,001 221,660 121,178 25,467 9,592 3,327.
1939-40 117,108 (3 F 113,600 (') 11,306 3,5681941-42 115,493 183,112 107,692 25,123 10,285 3,011 .
1943-44 . . . . ..... 111,383 169,905 96,302 28,973 10,285 3,0111945-46 . . .. . . . . . . 101,382 160,227 86,563 24,314 9,863 3,2941947-48 94,926 146,760 75,096 25,484 10,071 3,292
1949-50 83,716 128,225 59,652 24,542 10,375 3,3311951-52 . . .. . . . - 71,094 123,763 50,742 23,746 10,666 3,3221953-54 . . . . . . 63,057 110,875 42,865 25,637 11,739 3,913 /1955-56 . . . . . . . . 54,859 104,427 34,964 26,046 12,372 3,8871957 -58 . . . . 47,594 95,446 25,341 25,507 13,065 3,994
1959-60 . . . 40,520 91,853 20,213 ' 25,784 13,574 4,061%
1961-62 . . . 35,676 81,910 13,333 I 25,350 14,762 4,1201963-64 . . . . . 31,705 77,584 9.895 f 26,431 (3; 4,4511965-66 26,983 73,216 '6,491 26,597 15,340 4,6061967-68 . . 22,010 70,879 4,146 27,011 414,900 44,100
1970-71 . 17,995 65,800 1,815 1 25,352 14,372 3,7701973-74 . . .. . . . . . . 16,730 65,070 1,365 25,906 414,000 43,300
' Data for most years are partly estimated.2 Includes operating and nonoperating districtsData not available
'Estimated0
NOTE .-Beginning in 1959-60, includes Alaska and Hawaii.
SOURCES. US. Department of Health, Education, and Wel-fare, National Canter for Education Statistics, Statistics of StateSchool Systems, Fall Statistics of Public Schools; and Statisticsof Nonpublic Elementary and Secondary Schools.
57
70
1
fable 57.-- Selected statistics on schoolhousing in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools,by State: 1970-71 and fall 1971
Stateor
otherarea
Number of purn:s on cu tailedsessions, fall 1971 Number of instruction rooms
Total Elementary SecondaryCompleted
during1970-71
Aba' 'nneddu g
197u-/1
Availableand in use,fall 1971
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
United States '370,796 106,211 '264,575 265,300 18,005 21,916,000Alabama (3) 13) 13) (3) (3) IAlaska 102 16 3,246Arizona 17,278 9,040 8,238 (3) (3) (3 IArkansas 105 493 19,187California 66,742 50,544 16,198 (3) el 13)Colorado 2,065 1,213 852 1,404 256 23,610Connecticut . 7,063 2,410 4,653 (3) 13) (3)Delaware 102 102 276 83 5,642District of Columbia 89 24 5,845Florida . 116,147 (4) 4116,147 2,529 685 53,517Georgia 4,544 3,359 1,185 1,802 941 45,799Hawaii 298 99 7,745Idaho
(1)157 103 7,923Illinois (3) ( ' 1 1,900 300 101,800
Indiana 2,543 1,897 646 1,301 116 50,238Iowa (1) ( ) (3 ) 425 310 29,381Kansas 717 360 25,958Kentucky . 1,438 652 29,162Louisiana . (3) 907 36,166Marne 4,880 2,977 1,903 271 214 10 463Maryland 21,331 5,085 1.6,246 2,087 375 35,057Massachusetts 20,179 430 19,749 3,236 383 47,659Michigan 1,808 806 93,085Minnesota 3,485 3,485 2 445 542 41,657Mississippi 1,381 1,297 22,356Missouri 950 967 40,182MontanaNebraska 684 120 16,701Nevada (3) 13) (31 238 10 5,243New Hampshire 241 133 7,059New Jersey 32,521 20,591 11,930 2,621 775 62,734New Mexico . 3,018 3,018 537 189 12,583New York 35,919 7,554 28,365 5,110 1,226 143,743North Carolina 1,358 832 53,842North Dakota 232 240 7,971Ohio e 1 (3) 13)Oklahoma 823 294 27,198Oregon 675 60 22,479Pennsylvania 79,432 1,111 28,321 2,985 1,010 93,364Rhode Island 454 176 7,827South Carolina (1) f 28,834South Dakota 142 106 7,714Tennessee . 900 432 34,521Texas 2,092 429 1')Utah 95 30 11,548Vermont 441 61 5,914Virginia ) 1'1 (3) 1,728 1,001 50,622Washington 927 (3 ) 35,915West Virginia 174 174 556 359 16,825Wisconsin 3,363 3,363 1,455 593 41,171Wyoming ( ' 1 (3) (3)
Outlying areas.
American Samoa 7,998 6,013 1,985Canal ZnneGuam
1
186a
3 F1C1,047
Puerto -Rico 255,971 161,801 94,1 -10 517 253 19,-13Vt-gin Islands (3) l 840
' Incomplete, excludes States for which data are not available' Includes estimates for the nonreporting States'Data not availableData for column 3 inclaned in column 4
SOURCE U S Department of Health Educat on, a, d Welfare, National Center for Educatior, Statistics, Frq 1971Statistics of Public Schools
ch
71
Table 58.--Number and percent of public secondary schools, by type of school:United States, selected years, 1919-20 to 1970-71
School year TotalType of school
School year TotalType of.school
fracii-tional' Junior Senior
Junior-senior
Tradi-tionall
2J or Senior'benior Junior-
sentor4
1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6
1919-20 1951-52Number .. 14,326 13,421 55 22 828 Number . 23,746 10,168 3,227 1,760 8,591Percent 100 t: 93 7 0 4 0.2 5.8 Percent . . . 100 0 42 8 13 6 7.4 36.2
1929-30 1958-59.Number . . 22,237 16,460 1,842 648 3,287 Number . 24,190 6,024 4,946 3,040 10,130Percent 100 0 74.0 8 3 2.9 14 8 Percent . . 100.0 24.9 20.7 12.6 41.9
1937-38 1967-68Number . . 25,057 15,523 2,372 95S 6,203 Number . s26,531 6,433 7,437 4,318 8,343Percent 100 0 62.0 9 5 3.8 24.8 -- Percent ... 100.0 24 2 28.0 16.3 31.4
1945-46 1970-71N...--nber 24,122 13,797 2,653 1,312 6,360 Number ' 24,682 6,618 7,750 4,647 5,667Percent . 100.0 57 2 11:0 5.4 26.4 Percent . 100.0 26.8 31.4 18.8 23.0
'Includes regula 4-year high schools preceded by 8-yearelementary schools, no reorganization has taken place
2 Includes 2- and 3-year junior high schoolsIncludes 3- and 4-year high scnools preceded by junior highschools
'Includes 5- and 6-year high schools Beginning Ir. 1967-68,also includes combined elementary-secondary schools.Excludes incomplete high schools and vocational or tradefuel, schools (480 in 1967-68 and 670 in 1970-71)
NOTE.-Data through 1958-59 are for 48 States and theDistrict of Columbia. Because of rounding, percentsmay not add to 100.0
SOURCES- U.S. Department of Health, Education. and Wel-fare, Office of Education, Statistics of Education in theUnited States, 1958-59 Series, Number 1, Public SecondarySchools; Statistics of State School Systems, 1967-68; andStatistics of Public Elementary and Secondary Day Schools,Fall 1971
Table 59.--Number of high school graduates compared with population 17 years of age:United States, 1869.70 to 1973-74
Number Number
SchoolPopu-lation HighHigh school graduates' per 100 School
Popu-!moon
High school graduates' graduatedPer 100
year 17 years persons year 17 years personsold' Total Boys Girls 17 years
of ageold' Total Boys Girls 17 years
of age
1 3 3 4 5 1 6 1 2 3 4 5 6
1869-70 815,000 16,000 7,064 8,936 2 0 1949-50 . 2,034,450 1,199,700 570,706 629,000 59.01870-80 946,026 23,334 10,605 13,029 2.5 1951-52 . 2,040,800 1,196,500 569,200 627,300 58 61889-00 1,259,177 43,731 18,549 25,182 35 1953-54 2,128,600 1,276,100 612,500 663,600 60.01899.1900 1,489,146 94,883 38,075 56,808 6 2 1955-56 2,270,000 1,414,800 679,500 735,300 62 31909.10 1,786,240 156,429 63,676 92,753 8.8 1957.58 . 2,324,000 1,505,900 725,5001 780,400' 64.81919-20 1,855,173 311,266 123,684 187,582 168 1959-60 . 2,862,005 1,864,000 898,000 966,000 65.1
1929-30 2.295,822 666,904 300,376 366,528 29 0 1961-62 . 2,768,000 1,925,000 941,000 984,000 69.51939-40 2,403,074 1,221,475 578,718 642,757 50.8 1963-64 3,001,000 2,290,000 1,121,000 1,169,000 76.31941-42 2,425,574 1,242,375 576,717 665,658 51 3 1965-66 3,515,000 2,632,000 1,308,000 1,324,000 74.91943-44 2,410,38S 1,015,233 423,971 595,262 42 3 1967-68 . 3,521,000 2,702,000 1,341,000 1,361,000 76.71945-46 2,254,738 1,080,033 466,926 613,107 47 9 1969-70 3,825,343 2,896,000 1,433,000 1,463,000 75.71947-48 2,202,927 1,189,909 562,863 627,046 54 0 1971-72 3,957,000 3,006,000 1,490,000 1,516,000 76.0
r 0 1973-74 4,096,000 3,069,000 1,512,000 1,557,000 74 9
' Data from Bureau of the Census'Includes graduates of public and nonpublic schools
NOTE Beginning in 1959 60, includes Alaska and Hawaii
SOURCES U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare,National Center for Education Statistics, Statistics of StateSchool Systems, Statistics of Public Elementary and S.ondaryDay Schools, Fall 1974; Statistics of Nonpublic Elementary andSecondary Schools, and unpublished data
Table 60.--Percent of high school dropouts among persons 14 to 24 years old,by race and sex: United States, 1967 and 1974
Age
1961 1974Black White Black White
Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Total, 14 to 24 years old _23.9 21.8 11.6 13.1 16.3 18.1 11.0 11.0
14 and 15 years old 35 40 15 14 39 21 1.8 1916 and 17 years old 11 7 14 6 7 0 1 94 83 126 94 9118 and 19 years o'd 306 220 154 163 ":6 9 20 2 174 13.920 to 24 years 013 42d 261 188 190 27 7 136 145
NOTE Dropouts are persons who are not enrolled in srnool and who are not high schoolgraduates
SOURCES U S Departalent of Commerce, Bore ni of the Census, Current PopulationReports, Series P 23, No 46, and Series P-20, No 278
7 2
Table 61.--Number of public and nonpublic high school graduates,by sex and by State: 1973-74
State or other area Public high school graduates' Nonpublic high school graduates'Total Boys Girls - Total Boys Girls
1 2 3 4 5 6 7United States '2,762,000 '1,364,000 31,398,000 300,000 144,000 156,000
Alabama . 45,502 22,861 22,641 1,700 800 900Alaska . 4,248 2,190 2,058 200 100 100Arizona .. .. 24,924 12,525 12,399 1,400 700 700Arkansas . 24,384 12,298 12,086 700 300 400California . 268,493 131,532 136,961 19,500 9,200 10,300Colorado ... 34,353 17,177 17,176 2,100 1,000 1,100Connecticut 39,171 18,567 20,604 7,700 4,000 3,700Delaware 8,165 3,970 4,195 1,000 600 400District of Columbia .. 5,540 '2,206 43,334 1,800 1,000 800Florida 74,830 37,041 37,789 3,000 1,600 1,400Georgia . 58,026 27,697 30,329 2,100 1,300 800Hawaii 11,426 5,704 5,722 1,800 1,000 800Idaho 12,776 6,327 6,449 300 100 200Illinois .. . 139,104 68,599 70,505 24,300 11,100 13,200Indiana . . . 73,377 36,653 36,724 5,600 2,700 2,900Iowa . 43,508 21,659 21,849 5,400 2,600 2,800Kansas . . 33,374 16,865 16,509 2,600 1,200 1,400Kentucky . 41,351 20,295 21,056 4,900 2,400 2,500Louisiana 46,808 22,345 24,463 6,100 2,800 3,300Maine . 14,491 7,075 7,416 3,000 1,700 1,300Maryland 54,128 26,075 28,053 6,300 2,900 3,400Massachusetts . ' 78,000 ' 39,000 ' 39,000 16,700 7,800 8,900Michigan . .. 134,336 66,422 67,914 17,200 8,000 9,200Minnesota . . . 63,981 31,953 32,028 6,400 2,800 3,600Mississippi ..... 25,664 12,306 13,358 1,000 500 500Missouri . 62,183 30,886 31,297 7,900 4,000 3,900Montana .. . 12,135 6,075 6,060 1,100 500 600Nebraska . 22,276 11,123 11,153 2,800 1,400 1,400Nevada . .. 6,960 3,563 3,397 200 100 100New Hampshire . 9,932 4 4,926 "5,006 2,500 1,500 1,000New Jersey . .. '91,938 '45,113 246,025 12,900 6,200 6,700New Mexico 17,364 8,418 8,946 5300 400 400,New York . . 207,413 4 1 02,669 4 1 04 ,74 4 41,100 18,700 22,400North Carolina 69,062 33,679 35,383 1,100 500 600North Dakota 10,824 5,408 5,416 1,200 600 600Ohio 153,874 76,373 77,501 18,600 8,800 9,800Oklahoma 36,770 18,560 18,210 800 400 400Oregon 30,806 15,130 15,676 1,700 800 900Pennsylvania '160,600 '82,400 '78,200 31,500 15,200 16,300Rhode Island 11,117 5,426 5,691 2,500 1,300 1,200South Carolina '38,837 '18,692 420,145 700 400 300South Dakota 11,894 5,985 5,909 700 300 400Tennessee 49,641 23,681 25,960 2,700 1,70Q 1,000Texas . .. 156,984 78,125 78,859 5,700 2,800 2,900Utah 18,898 9,612 9,286 400 200 200Vermont . 6,316 3,169 3,147 1,700 900 800Virginia , 63,846 30,085 33,761 3,800 2,200 1,600Washington 51,868 25,862 26,006 2,700 1,100 1,600West Virginia 25,401 12,506 12,895 800 400 400Wisconsin 69,341 34,242 35,099 11,100 5,300 5,800Wyoming 5,760 2,950 2,810 200 100 100
Outlying areas:
American Samoa 448 237 211 40 30 10Canal Zone . 726 333 393 - - - - - -Guam -_-., 1,002 506 496 130 50 80Puerto Rico . 24,081 10,648 13,433 2,190 830 1,360Virgin Islands 614 - - 80 20 60' Excludes approximately 7,000 graduates of subcollegt-ate departments of institutions of higher edu tion,
eFederal schools for Indians and on Federal ta-tions, and residential schools for exceptional children
' Estimated by the National Center for EducationStatistics
'Includes estimates for the nonreporting State'Distribution by sex estimated by the National Center
for Education Statistics II
h0
Estimated by reporting State'Includes pupils graduating during summer of N74instead of those graduating during summer of 1973
SOURCES U S Department of Health, Education, andWelfare, National Center for Education Statistics,Statistics of Pul3lic Elementary and Secondary DaySchools, Fall 1974, and, estimates of the, NationalCenter for Education Statlttics
73
Table 62.Summary statistics on the educational experience and personal aspirations of high school seniors:United States, spring 1972
ItemPercent
of seniorsItem
Percentof seniors
1 2 1 2 -
Type of high school program. Major factors considered "veryGeneral 32 important" in personal lifeAcademic or college (continued).
preparatory 44 Having strong friendships .... 79Vocational-technical ... . ..... 24 Being able to find steady
Choice of program stronglyinfluenced by:
workBeing able to give my chil-
78
Parents .. ... .. . . ......... 29 dren better opportunitiesFriends of same age ... 15 than I've had 67Guidance counselors . ..Teachers (other than
15'
Major factors considered "veryimportant" in selecting a
guidance counselors) 10 job or career: .
Relatives other than parents . .
Principals or assistant6 Opportunities to be helpful
to others or useful toprincipals 3 society . 53
Clergymen . . . .. . 2 Opportunities to work withOther adults . 7 people rather than things 49
Grading system: Opportunities to be originalNumerical grade-point average ... . . 57 and creative 39Average letter grade . . .. .. 27 Living and working in theAverage percentage grade .... 14 world of ideas 35Other ..
High school grade average of"B" or better
2 Opportunities for moderatebut steady progress ratherthan the chance of extreme
Boys 41 success or failure .. , 34Girls . . . . .. . . .
Five or more hours per weekspent on homework
60 Major strengths of high schoolattended (percent of seniorsrating school excellent or
Boys . .. . . . 26 good),Girls . 44 Reputation in the community . 74
Major factors interfering "somewhat" Condition of buildings andor "a great dear' with education classrooms 68Poor study habits .. . 57 Quality of academic instruc-School doesn't offer the non . . . . . ...... . . . . 66
courses I want to take . . . 51 Student guidance and coun-Poor teaching . 50 65Teachers don't help me ,
enough .... ..... .. . . 49Library facilities
Major weaknesses of high school64
Courses are too hard . . . . .
Major factors considered "veryimportant" in personal life
42 attended (percent agreeingwith the following state-ments):
'
Being successful in my line School should have providedof work . .
Finding the right person tomarry and having a happy
84 more help for students whowere having trouble withsubjects like math and
family life 82 reading 89
i
NOTE Data are based upon a sample survey of almost 18,000 SOURCE U S Department of Health, Education, and Wel-high school seniors and about 1 800 staff members who fare, National Center for Education Statistics, National Long,-counseled 12th-grade students tuck's' Study of the High School Class of 1972.
7161
Table 62.--Summary statistics on the educational experience and personal aspirations of high school seniors:United States, spring 1972 (Continued) -
item Percentof seniors
a
Item Percentof seniors
2 1 2
Plansfor first year after high school.(Continued)Part-time work without school
or college attendance'Travel, take a break, or no
plans 477 Persons having "a great deal
of influence" on post-highschool Plans.Self 91
71 Parents 43Friends of same age 25
68 Relatives other than parents 14Teachers (other than guidance,counselors) to
Guidance counselors 952 Clergymen 3
Principals or assistantprincipals 1
State employment serviceofficers , 1
83 Other adults 17Planned use of financial support
64 for further study beyondhigh school:
60 Parents or self only 41Bank loan 22
48 College or university scholar-ship or loan 21
State or local, scholarshipor loan .. .... : ... 20
24 College work -study Ptogram 17Private scholarship 10
Major reasons for not continuing12 their education given by those11 planning to work full time6 My future plans do not
require further schooling 48Want to take a break, may
50 attend school later ...... 44. , . 26 Plan to be married.
Boys ..... .. .. 299 Girls - 48
Need to earn money before I3 can pay for furtherv..
3 schooling .... ..... . ..... 34School is not for me, I don't
3 like it 29
Major weaknesses of highschool attended (cohtinued)-School should help students
find jobs when they leaveschool
School should have placedmore emphasis on voca-tional and technicalprografns
School did not offer enoughpractical work experience
School should have used ''
teaching machines or com-puter-assisted instructionmore extensively .,
Teaching techniques employedfairly often or frequentlyin senior year courses:Listening to the teacher's
lectureWriting essays, themes,
poetry, or storiesParticipating in student-
centered discussionsWorking on a project or in
a laboratory ........ '. .
Having individualized in-struction (small groupsor one-to-one sessionswith a teacher) .
Using teaching machines orcomputer-assisted instruc-tion
Going on field trips . .
Watching television lecturesPlans for first year after
high school*Attend college .... .......Full-time work . .. . .
Attend trade or business
Military service or serviceacaamy
Full-time homemakerApprentice or on-the-job
training program
NOTE.--Data are based upon a sample survey of almost18,000 high school seniors end about 1,800 staff memberswho counseled 12th-grade students.
SOURCE. U.S. DepartmentWelfare, National Center forLongitudinal Study of the High
62
75
of Health. Education, andEducation Statistics, NationalSchool Class of 1972.
t
Table 63.--Estimated revenue and nonrevenue receipts of public elementary and secondary schools, by sourceand by State: 1974-75
(Amounts in thousands of dollars)
State
Totalrevenue andnonrevenue
receipts
Revenue receiptsNonrevenue
receiptsTotalFederal' State Local and others
AmountPercentof total
AmountPercentof total
AmountPercentof total
1 2 3 4, 5 6 7 8 9 10
United States . . . . $64,456,429 $61,099,630 $4,741,635 7.8 $26,669,094 43.6 $29,698,901 48.6 $3,356,799
Alabama . 723,141 695,141 97,069 14.0 438,822 63.1 159,250 22.9 28,000Alaska 200,696 183,696 33,590 18.3 117,956 64.2 32,150 17.5 17,000Arizona 1 . . . . . . . 780,503 711,239 63,416 8.9 354,106 49.8 293,717 41.3 69,264Arkansas 446,678 418,678 67,640 16.2 213,365 51.0 137,673 32.9 28,000California . . . . 7,435,823 7,205,823 '648,339 9.0 2,780,114 38.6 3,777,370 52.4 230,000
Colorado . 774,000 740,000 47,000 6 4 -, 280,000 37.8 413,000 55.8 34,000Connectidut . . . 1,090,616 1,060,616 31,750 3.0 248,866 23.5 780,000 73.5 30,000Delaware . . . . 217,150 207,150 415,000 7.2 141,110 68.1 51,040 24.6 10,000District of Columbia 227,265 227,265 542,645 18.8 - - - - - - 184,620 81.2 - - -Florida . . . . . . 1,941,253 1,895,755 159,243 8.4 0 ,099,538 58 0 636,974 33.6 45,498
Georgia' 1,139,743 1,078,262 135,600 12.4 596,430 55 3 346,232 32.1 61,461Hawaii' 243,411 243,411 20,100 8.3 215,957 88 7 , 7,354 3 0 - - -Idaho . 195,000 190,000 22,700 , 11 9 86,100 45.3 81,200 42.7 5,000Illinois . . . 3,839,879 3,646,539 198,649 5.4 1,626,275 44.6 1,821,615 50.0 193,340Indiana . . 1,515,000 1,480,000 85,000 57 505,000 34.1 890,000 60.1 35,000
Iowa . 814,667 781,205 45,657 5 8 334,847 42.9 400,701 51.3 33,462Kansas 547,171 522,171 43,405 8.3 227,976 43.7 250,790 48.0 25,000Kentucky 708,665 668,665 85,665 128 370,000 55.3 213,000 31.9 40,000Louisiana . 973,000 862,000 150,000 17 4 467,000 54.2 245,000 28.4 111,000Maine' . . . 256,887 236,887 22,032 9 3 82,910 35.0 - 131,945 55.7 20,000
Maryland . . 1,623,264 1,601,869 107,321 6 7 721,886 45.1 772,662 48.2 21,395Massachusetts' . 1,616,000 1,526,000 78,000 5.1 - 364,000 23.9 1,084,000 71,0 90,000Michigan' 2,985,000 2,630,000 100,000 38 1,350,000 51 3 1,180,000 44.9 355,000Minnesota 1,458,700 1,341,300 63,300 4 7 . 780,000 58.2 498,000 37.1 1t7,400Mississippi . 501,300 470,300 108,300 23.0 257,000 54.6 105,000 22.3 31,000
Missouri 1,216,546 1,179,325 76,482 6.5 417,422 35.4 685,421 58.1 37,221Montana' . 184,000 179,000 15,000 8 4 71,(100 39 7 93,000 52 0 5,000Nebraska . 359,000 349,000 37,000 10.6 80,000 22.9 232,000 66 5 10,000Nevada . . . . 175,800 163,800 11,000 6 7 59,000 36.0 93,800 57.3 12,000New Hampshire' 191,100 181,600 5,000 2.8 13,100 7.2 163,500 90.0 9,500
New Jersey . 2,555,000 2,455,000 138,000 5 6 767,000 31.2 1,60,000 63.1 100,000New Mexico 327,656 314,548 53,511 17 0 203,023 64.5 58,014 18.4 13,108New York 7,355,000 7,047,000 328,000 4 7 2,913,000 41.3 3,806,000 54.0 308,000North Carolina 1,449,055 1,409,055 166,845 11.8 962,210 68.3 280,000 19.9 40,000North Dakota 161,000 156,000 13,500 87 66.500 42.6 76,000 48.7 5,000
Ohio 3,108,000 2,733,000 160,000 59 948,000 347 1,625,000 595 375,000Oklahoma! 677,000 645,000 65,000 10 1 330,000 51 2 250,000 38.8 32,000Oregon 725,000 705,000 41,000 5 8 180,000 25 5 484,000 68.7 20,000Pennsylvania 3,669,030 3,614,460 282,263 7.8 1,802,832 499 1,529,365 423 54,570Rhode Island 271,620 256,620 22,550 8.8 91,163 35.5 142,907 55.7 15,000
South Carolina 707,561 662,561 94,000 14.2 398,561 60 2 170 '000 25 7 45,000South Dakota 171,155 167,155 25,000 150 21,777 130 120,378 72.0 4,000Tennessee 844,211 796,211 84,428 10 6 395,831 49 7 315,952 39.7 48,000Texas 3,155,357 2,892,357 295,017 102 1,400,715 484 1,196,625 41.4 263,000Utah 345,829 322,324 22,328 6 9 187,546 58 2 112,450 34 9 23,505
Vermont . 148,600 139,600 8,400 6 0 46,200 33 1 85,000 60.9 9,000Virginia 1,282,000 1,175,000 125,000 106 400,000 340 650,000 553 107,000
ashington 1,102,90 4 1,027,904 80,904 79 478,000 465 469,000 45.6 75,000est Virginia 439,234 374,559 749,195 131 204,326 546 121,038 32.3 64,675isconsin 1,470,979 1,421,579 60,791 43 526,630 370 834,158 58.7 49,400
Wyoming 109,000 108,000 10,000 9 3 36,000 33 3 62,000 57.4 1,000
' Federal revenue receipts include Federal grant programs toState and local school systems, including funds under theElementary and Secondary Education Act, Economic Oppor-tunity Act, aid to federally impacted areas, National DefenseEducation Act, Manpower Development and Training, voca-tional education, etc Funds received from the School Lunchand Milk Program are included, but reporting on the moneyvalue of commodities received is incomplete Funds fromStates' share of general revenue sharing are included
2 Local and other revenue receipts Include revenue receipts fromlocal and intermediate sources, gifts, and tuition and fees frompatrons
7 6
'Includes $215:000,000 of general revenue sharing4 Includes value of surplus food'Includes $6,351,000 of general revenue sharing'National Education Association estimates'Includes 83,500,000 in surplus Lommodittes
NOTE -Because of roundup, percents may not add to 100 0
SOURCE National Education Association, Estimates of SchoolStatistics, 1974-75 (Copyright n 1975 by the NationalEducation Assdciation All rights reserved I
Table 64. -- Revenue receipts of public elementary and secondary schools from Federal, State,and local sources, by State: 1973-74
(Amourtts in thousands of dollars)
State orother area
Total
receiptseceiptsr
Federal' State Local source*Iin-cluding intermediate)'
Amount Percentof total Amount Percent
of total Amount Percentof total
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8United States 568,230,892 $4,930,351 8.5 $24,113,409 41.4 $29,187,132 50.1
Alabama . 677,1911 119,125 17.6 411,700 60.8 146,365 21.6Alaska' . . . 170,034 48,943 28.8 89,166 52.4 31,925 18.8Arizona . . 637,816 59,142 9.3 186,734 29.3 391,940 61.5Arkansas 375,151 64,122 17.1 178,412 47.6 132,617 35 4California . . . 6,583,413 498,578 7 6 2,791,762 42.4 3,293,073 50.0Colorado 717,862 48,216 6.7 253,990 35.4 415,656 57.9Connecticut . . . . . 1,019,395 46,617 4.6 35Q,410 34.4 622,368 61.1Deliwore . 220,941 16,467 7.5 159:129 72.0' 45,345 20.5Distnct of Columbia . . 240,561 76,722 31.9 - - - - 163,839 68.1Florida . . . . , . 1,861,793 185,197 9.9 1,048,158 56.3 628,438 33.8Georgia . . . 992,561 169,533 17.1 439,637 44.3 383,391 ' 38.6Hawaii . 252,252 24,921 9.9 224,217 88 9 3,114 ' 1.2Idaho . . 184,978 23,672 12.8 79,733 43.1 81,573 44.1Illinois . . 3,287,336 170,420 5.2 1,111,352 33.8 2,005,564 61.0Indiana . . 1,189,308 83,053 7 0 456,129 . 38.4 .650,126 54.7Iowa 735,789, 49,922 7.0 264,731 37.0 421,136 56.0Kansas .. . . 526,676 44,649 8.5 211,335 40.1 270,691 51.4Kentucky 634,057 , 98,383 15.5 343,227 54.1 192,447 30.4Louisiana 850,312 118,300 13.9 488,516 57.5 243,496 28.6Maine . 255,466 22,453 8.8 99,165 38.8 133,848 52.4Maryland . . . 1,370,477 87,786 6.4 611,223 446 671,468 49.0Massachusetts 1,853,063 92,631 5.0 586,729 31.7 1,173,703 63.3Michigan , . . . 3,036.872 156,895 5.2 1,350,636 44.5 1,529,341 50.4Minnesota . , 1,288,877 63,470 4.9 737,113 57.2 488,294 37.9Mississippi . 415,048 98,768 23.8 219;599 52.9 96,681 23.3Missouri . . 1,111,664 87,746 7 9 391,261 35.2 632,657 56 9Montane . 262,209 27,682 10.6 67,760 252 166,767 63.6Nebraska . 333,606 32,104 9.6 71,552 21.4 229,950 68.9Nevada . 159,403 10,981 6.9 59,127 37.1 89,295 56.0New Hampshire 180,149 11,894 6 6 13,941 7.7 154,314 85.7New Jersey' 2,324,334 138,695 6.0 561.665 24 2 1,623,974 69 9New Mexico . . . . . . . 293,288 55,814 19 0 178,638 60 9 58,836 20.1New York . 6,617,893 365,251 5.5 2,595,986 39.2 3,656,656 55.3North Carolina 1,159,513 174,346 15.0 693,524 59.8 291,643 25.2North Dakota . . 170,984 20,694 12 1 66,853 39.1 83,437 48.8Ohio 2,672,603 '. 171,223 6 4 841,676 31 5 1,659,704 62.1Oklahoma . , 560,639 73,765 13.2 267,491 , 47.7 219,383 39.1Oregon . 643,645 50,217 7 8 160,454 24.9 432,974 67.3Pennsylvania 3,317,317 284,228 8 6 1,532,422. 46.2 1,500,667 45.2Rhode Island 248,758 17,762 7 1 31,998 37 0 138,998 55 9South Carolina 591,457 99,306 16.8 333,151 56.3 159,000 26.9South Dakota 170,279 26,304 15 4 28,231 16 6 115,744 68.0Tennessee , , 834,922 107,806 12 9 366,484 43.9 360,632 43.2Texas 2,71.5,335 325,140 .12.0 1,229,366 45.3 1,160,829 42.8Utah . 301,554 29,616 9.8 161,649 536 110,289 36.6Vei mont 145,797 8,342 5.7 48,780 33 5 88,675 60.8Virginia . 1,229,508 149,744 12.2 423,347 344 656,417 53.4Washington . 1,051,794 86,493 8 2 506,697 48.2 458,604 43.6West Virginia 377,160 47,491 12 6 215,605 57.2 114,064 30 2Wisconsin 1,272,310 49,270 3.9 477,126 37.5 745,914 58.6Wyoming . 107,543 10,452 9.7 35.821 33 3 61,270 57.0
Outlying areas: _.
.Canal Zone 16,621 16,621 100 0 - - - - - - -Guam 55,171 19,363 35 1 35,808 64.9 -
Includes value of commodities distributed under the SchoolLunch and Milk Program
'Includes a relatively small amount from nongovernmentalsources (gifts and tuition and transportation fees frompatrons) These sources accounted for 0.4 percent of totalrevenue recipts in 1967-68.
'Includes data from published and unpublished reports Partlyestimated by the National' Center for Education Statistics
4 Data from published annual State report
NOTE -Because of rounding, details may not add to totals.
SOURCE U S Department of Health, Education,-and Welfare,Natiorial Center for Education Statistics, Statistics of StateSchool Systems. 1973-74.
64
77
4
.1Table 65.-- Revenue receipts of public elementary and secondary schools from Federal, State,
and local sources: United States, 1919.20 to 1973 74
School year Total Federal State
Local(including
inter-mediatell
School year - Total Federal State
Local(including
inter-medlate)I
1 2 - 3 4 5 2 3 4 5
AMOUNT IN THOUSANDS'OF DOLLAF3S PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION1919-20 . . $970,120 $2,475 $160,085 $807,561 1919.20 . 100.0 0.3 16.5 83.21929-3C . . 2,088,557 7,334 353,670 1,727,553 1929-30 . 100.0 ..4 16.9 82.71939-40 . . . 2,260,527 39,810 684,354 1,536,363 1939.40 . . . 100.0 1.8 30.3 68.01941-42 2,416,580 34,305 759,993 1,622,281 1941.42 .. . 100.0 1 4 31.5 67.11943.44 . 2,604,322 35,886 859,183 1,709,253 1943-44 . . . 100.0 1.4 33.0 65.6
1945-46 . . . 3,059,845 41,378 1,062,057 1,956,409 1945.46 . . . . 100.0 1.4 34.7 63.81947.48 . . . 4,311,534 120,270 1,676,362 2,514,902 1947-48 . . 100.0 2.8 38.9 58.31949-50 . . 5,437,044 155,848 2,165,689 3,115,507 1949.50 . . . 100.0 2.9 39.8 57.31951.52 . 6,423,816 227,711 2,478,596 3,717,507 1951-52 . 100.0 3.5 38.6 57.81953-54 . 7,866,852 355,237 2,944,103 .4,567,512 1953.54 . . . . 100.0 4.5 37.4 58.1
1955-56 . . 9,686,677 441,442 3,828,886 5,416,350 1955.56 . . 100.Q- 4.6 39.5 55.91957.58 . . 12,181,513 486,484 4,800,368 6,894,661 1957.58 . . 100.0'4 4.0 394 56.61959-60 14,746,618 651,639 5,768,047 8,326,932 1959-60 . . 100.0 4.4 39.1 56.51961-62 . . . 17,527,707 760,975 6,789,190 9,977,542 1961.62 . . 100.0 4.3 38.7 56.91963-64 . 20,544,182 896,956 8,078,014 11 ,569,213 1963.64 . . . 100.0 4 4 39.3 56.3
1965-66 . 25,356,858 1,996,954 9,92f).219 13,439,686 1965.66 . . . . 100.0 7.9 39.1 53.01967.68 . . . . 31,903,064 2,806,469 12,275,5L6 16,821,063 1967-68 . . 100.0 8.8 38.5 52.71969-70 . . 40,266,923 3,219,557 16,062,776 20,984,589 1969.70 . . 100.0 8.0 39.9 52.11971.72 50,003,645 4,467,969 19,133,256 26,402,420 1971-72 . . 100.0 8.9 38.3 52.81973-74 . . 58,230,892 4,930,351 24,113,409 29,181,132 1973-74 . 100.0 8.5 41.4 50.1
I Includes a relatively small amount from nongovernmentalsources (git's and tuition and transportation fees from patrons).These sources accounted for 0.4 percent of total revenuereceipts in 1967-68
NOTE -Beginning in 1959.60, includes Alaska and Hawaii. Be-cause of rounding, details may not add to totals.
SOURCES U.S Department of Health, Education, and Welfare,National Center for Education Statistics, Statistics of StahlSchool Systems.
Table 66.--Results of public bnhool bond elections: United States,1957-58 i o 1973-74
Fiscal yearNurnbe of elections Percent
approvedbased onnumbernumb
Par value of issuesvoted on On millions)
Percentapprovedbaled on
dollar valueTotal Approved Total Approved
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1957.58 . . . (' ) (I) ' (' ), $1,542 $1,123 72,81958.59 (' ) (I) (' ) 1,801 ,1,433 79.61959.60 (' ) (I ) (' ) 2.672 1,792 67.11960-61 . . ( I ) (' ) (I) 1,605 1,218 75 91961.62 1,432 1,034 72 2 1,849 1,273 68.9
1962.63 . 2,048 1,482 72.4 2,659 1,851 69 61963-64 2,071 1,501 72 5 2,672 1,900 71.1'1964-65 2,041 1,525 74.7 3,129 2,485 79 41965-66 1,745 1,265 72 5 3,560 2,652 74 51966-67 1,625 1,082 66.6 3,063 2,119 69.2
1967-68 1,750 1,183 67 6 3,740 ' 2,338 62.5 ,1968-69 1,341' 762 56 8 3,913 1,707 43 61969-70 -1,216 647 53.2 3,285 1,627 49 51970-71 1,086 507 46 7 3,337 1,381 41 41971-79 1,153 542 47 0 3,102 1,365 44 0
1972-73 1,273 719 56 5 3,988 2,256 56 61973-74 1,386 779 56.2 4,137 2,193 53.0
' Data not available
SOURCE U S Department of Health, Education, and Ware, National Center for Education Statistics, BondSales for Putlic School Purposes, 1957-58 through 1973-74.
7865
//
Table 67.Estirrrated-expenditures for public elementary and secundary education,by purpose and by State: 1974.75
[In thousands of dollars)
( Stateor
other area
.Total
expenditures
Current expendituresPublic
elementaryand
secondaryschools'
Otherprograms'
Capitaloutlay
Intereston school
debtTotal
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
United States' ... .. . .. . 661,629,000 654,342,000 65175,000 $2,367,000 $5,492,000 $1,795,000Alabama . ' 674,458 629,958 .626,758 3,200 40,000 4500Alaska . 184,335 135,734 130,734 5,000 39,500 9,101Arizona 713,694 543,017 543,J17 (4) 151,238 19,43914rkansas 455,785 375,898 374,629 1,269 68,615 11,272California 6,934,627 6,228,223 5,235,504 992,719 501,179 205,225Colorado . 760 8,520 633,520 632,020 1,500 100,000 25,000Connecticut 979,000 925,000 915,000 10,000 28,000 26,000Delaware 205,260 177,160 175,560 1,600 20,000 8,100District of Columbia 241,277 224,334 215,471 8,863 16,943 - -Florida . 1,963,447 1,618,190 '1,613,350 '4,840 312,990 , 32,267Georgia 1,082,054 . 996,434 979,834 16,600 52,145 33,475Hawaii 262,523 227,900 221,578 6,322 33,618 1,005'dew 214,281 158,245 158,084 161 52,000 4,036Illinois 3,425,224 2,898,746 2,778,460 120,286 439,796 86,682Indiana 1,405,418 1,166,618 1,144,888 21,730 193,000 45,800Iowa 604,820 713,000 713,000 - 76,020 15,800Kansas 674,764 608,989 582,307 26,682 56,430 10,345Kentucky 625,300 562,800 560,000 2,800 39,000 23,500Louisiana 882,400 788,500 765,500 3,000 69,900 24,000Maine , 264,540 236,520 228,960 7,560 21,000 7,020Maryland 1,409,534 1,092,086 1,082,252 9,834 280,044 37,404Massachusetts 1,630,500 1,472,000 1,445,000 27,000 92,500 66,000Michigan 3,449,978 3,026,624 . 2,973,242 53,380 316,100 107,256Minnesota 1,4R2,076 1,300,282 1,220,083 80,199 136,044 45,750Mississippi
.
Missouri .
47/ 2691,101,704
435,895c
991,775
396,887'
9473,643
39,008
44,132
36,174
85,298
4,600
, 24,631Montana 221,600 202,000 202,000 (.1) 16,000 - 3,600Nebraska , 412,90.3 362,843 - 361,307 1,536 40,994 9,066Nevada 167,300 141,300 13§,700' 2,600 2 17:000 . 9,000New Hampshire . 186,926 174,517 174,183 334 6,6466 5,763New Jersey' 2,420,234 2,215,225 2,165,103 50,122 129,952 p 75,057New Mexico 356,140 294,416 283,006' : 11,410 58,907 3,717New York 7,006,500 6,291,000 6,080,000 211,000 500,000 215,500North Carolina 1,443,489 1,334,489 1,168,188 166,301 95,000 14,000North Dakota 156,971
,135,471 132,471 3,000, 11 18,000 3,500
Ohio . 2,749,000, 2,483,000 2,425,000 58,000 196,000 70,000Oklahoma 634,200 566,509 560,000 6,500 60,000 7,700Oregon 717,425 622,870 6'21,8'0 1,000 82,000 12,555Pennsylvania 3,547,927 3,247,857 3,067,901 179,956 12,870 187,200Rhode Island 280,609 251,702 250,759 943 16,407 12,500South Carolina 648,470 568,485 559,090 9,395 64,000 15,985South Dakota 157,070 144,120 141,920 2,200 11,200 1,750Tennessee 834,564 7'37,464 744,064 13,400 .48,600 " 28,500Texas 2,698,413 2,251,413 2,244,413 7,000 320,000 127,000Utah 369,992 2i7,185 270,11 7,070 86,362 6,445Vermont 126,937 101,722 109,577 , 145 12,735 4,480Virginia 1,270,647 1,091 834 1,068,354 23,480 140,400 38,413Washington 1,085,480 982080 877,365 105,615 80,000 22,500West Virginia 363,660 342,671 338,571 4,100 35,000 5,989Wisconsin 1,333,962 1,216,447 '1,202,565 13,882 i 82,643 34,872Wyoming 115,793 109,043 108,717 326 5,050 1,700
Outlying areas
American Samoa 9,008 8,908 8,098 810 100 -
Canal Zone 19,361 18,90 16,764 2,137 460 - -
Guam Ni 43,023 '43,023 29,834 13,189 ...Puerto Recta- 319,042 /99,431 299,010 421 19,611 - -
Virgin Islaods 45,301 33,301 32,666 635 12,000
'Includes value of comrnoditios donated by the U S Departmentof AgricultureIncludes expenditures for summer schools, adult education,Pommunity services (such as public In,; arses operated by schooldistricts, expenditures fo nonpublic school; vvnei'' authorizedby law community centers, recreational activitiesind community colleges and technical institutions under the Jurisdictionof local boards of :iclucationt
'Includes estimates or nonreporting States
"Data not availablencludes expenditures for summer.schools
'Does not include junior colleges7 Estimated by the National Center for Education StatisticsData for 1972-73
SOURCE U S Department of Health, Education, and Welfare,National Center for Education Statistics, Statistics of PublicElementary and Secondary Day Schools, Fall 1974
79
44.
Tab
le 6
8.-S
umm
a:y
of e
xpen
ditu
res
for
publ
ic e
lem
enta
ry a
nd s
econ
day
educ
atio
n, b
y pu
rpos
ean
d by
Sta
te: 1
973-
74[In
thou
sand
s of
dol
lars
)
Sta
teO
fot
her
area
1
Tot
alex
pend
iture
s,al
l sch
ools
Tot
alA
dmin
istr
a-tio
n
Cur
rent
exp
endi
ture
s, fo
r el
emen
tary
and
seco
ndar
y da
y sc
hool
s9
Ope
ratio
nM
aint
enar
aer"
.of
pla
ntof
pla
ntIn
stru
ctio
nF
ixed
char
ges
Oth
ersc
hool
serv
ices
23
45
Uni
ted
Sta
tqs
Ala
bam
aA
lask
aA
rizon
aA
rkan
sas
Cal
iforn
iaC
olor
ado
Con
nect
icut
Del
awar
eD
istr
ict o
f Col
umbi
aF
lorid
a
Geo
rgia
Haw
aii
Idah
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dian
a
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entu
cky
Lou.
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aine
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ylan
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Mas
sach
uset
tsM
ichi
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neso
taM
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ssip
pi
Mis
sour
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onta
naN
ebra
ska
Nev
ada
New
Ham
pshi
re
New
Jer
sey
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Mex
ico
New
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kN
orth
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ahom
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nsyl
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nd.
$56,
9770
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$50,
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638
$2,2
75,7
26$3
2,60
8,65
2
See
foot
note
s on
pag
e 68
.
669,
033
-1-8
7 :8
9657
2,24
738
3,39
25,
973,
072
720,
228
905,
799
202,
923
242,
536
1,66
2,74
9
1,03
4,64
924
8,56
817
4,06
63,
073,
717
1,34
5,62
6
741,
831
508,
408
567,
149
847,
957
261,
515
1,25
9,31
51,
720,
769
3,05
6,36
51,
274,
947
441,
868
1,04
0,69
720
4,68
339
1,03
216
3,34
018
5,73
5
2,41
5,57
829
2,42
06,
934,
428
1,12
4,36
014
8,15
9
2,57
1,87
956
4,90
463
2,15
33,
290,
178
227,
130
-618
,0'0
215
9,82
645
7,20
133
0,19
15,
392,
182
592,
019
842,
578
167,
912
202,
437
1,46
8,56
2
882,
484
213,
945
150,
322
2,72
1,82
11,
099,
760
669,
570
481,
105
513,
899
754,
600
225,
348
1,05
8,25
81,
544,
264
2,67
5,28
51,
094,
191
377,
228
915,
094
186,
861
338,
309
132,
789
159,
165
2,12
2,25
324
5,60
56,
193,
669
1,01
7,52
213
3,44
4
2,27
1,28
850
0,49
697
6,49
22
833,
269
217,
597
21,5
4011
,756
25,2
5318
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273,
045
23,9
7529
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9,19
68,
073
55,0
8242
,309
11,7
847,
694
124,
398
33,3
0448
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21,5
2521
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49,7
489,
964
33,6
3862
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120,
008
45,5
6614
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36,2
259,
240
22,3
554,
967
7,93
9
88,0
0010
,585
268,
542
37,2
557,
833
115,
485
26,1
9343
,261
119,
434
10,0
52
393,
389
105,
488
321,
783
210,
983
3,66
0,44
2
407,
441
582,
455
105,
279
130,
787
1,01
3,64
9
569,
125
140,
242
97,4
611,
763,
117
727,
000
426,
495
309,
298
339,
348
465,
031
148,
504
698,
668
1,03
8,64
31,
760,
349
717,
696
243,
296
625,
658
111,
569
221,
958
92,7
4110
6,82
6
1,36
2,61
515
8,51
53,
715,
145
684,
961
82,5
75
1,45
3,64
831
1,10
736
4,76
81,
748,
225
144,
150
67
3$3,
815,
224
J 35
1 ,4
76,3
49
26,0
0451
9,99
637
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20,0
2136
7,36
5
44,2
8768
,630
15,2
4818
,501
107,
447
60,7
579,
611
11,5
4227
1,55
6'10
3,13
775
,821
39,3
4433
,613
e42,
479
18,9
10
94,8
3518
2,92
023
3,78
993
,823
18,4
11
67,3
8913
,480
26,2
9811
,503
12,7
58
170,
846
17,0
4553
7,61
247
,121
11,1
43
197,
889
36,6
9944
,280
5329
,395
16,6
05
13,7
53
89
Oth
erpr
ogra
ms
Cap
ital
outla
yIn
tere
st o
nsc
hool
deb
t
1011
$5,6
26,6
62$4
,222
,025
4 $4
53,2
07$4
,978
,976
12
$1,5
13,5
34
)13
,606
8,81
318
6,66
8
17,0
3620
,173
5,00
F7,
183
51,2
23
23,6
285,
784
4,70
668
,463
30,4
86
11,9
7712
,292
23,9
565,
421
33,6
4948
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75,4
5623
764
10,4
53
34,1
116,
139
11,8
354,
635
4,04
2
74,8
418,
908
23,3
4131
,853
625,
687
55,4
5079
,151
17,7
4111
,421
129,
060
82,6
5927
,755
16,7
6526
2,21
911
6,15
4
58,2
71, 5
7,28
537
,118
51,2
2018
,447
143,
013
87,0
1934
4,39
311
3,15
431
,527
66,4
6129
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31,3
5810
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11,7
82
70,5
7624
7,15
78,
290
24,6
40(5
)1,
100,
952
30,8
0811
5,41
52.
940
10,6
42
54,5
5822
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23,9
36 (' )
5,06
1
301,
505
57,0
6456
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39 %
302
23,8
88
88,4
7513
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35,6
94-
--39
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414
278,
9771
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43,8
3062
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15,4
4326
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112,
101
104,
006
18,7
6912
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232,
068
89,6
79
60,4
9641
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69,6
8012
2,16
624
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84,4
5512
4,97
614
1,29
010
0,18
858
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85,2
5016
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24,5
058,
319
15,8
18
183,
059
26,5
3057
1,41
810
1,96
218
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148,
223
46,8
3243
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242,
913
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41
1,39
06,
473
2,33
451
15,
877
16,1
78 - -
- -
-
18,5
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3,47
237
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4,62
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406
4,96
48,
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20,9
1117
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2,61
16
16,5
64 - -
-
1,40
540 43
9
7,32
610
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56,1
80 700
171
11,3
931,
509
979
85,4
95 156
44,2
1022
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106,
393
42,9
4441
4,07
6
104,
002
32,7
1124
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39,5
8815
8,49
5
109,
061
23,6
1820
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269,
405
196,
719
53,2
8018
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29,3
2965
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24,4
27
161,
450
106,
526
246,
158'
-11
4,04
127
401
85,2
9814
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37,1
5921
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20,9
01
212,
585
32,9
5147
1,76
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11,7
84
226,
417
55,4
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239,
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2,73
0
86;6
8523
1
5,31
7
959:
8124
33
2242
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177
8,16
9-
--
n261
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5215
6
2,89
863
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3417
5,,,9
5350
2096
22,7
28
3425
2E69
3534
131
61,5
2011
4,01
149
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0
2144
33;:5
6715
7479
611
8,63
8
212,
810
715,
230
7233
3.,,,
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62,7
81
131,
607
6,64
7
i-4
Tab
le W
.-S
umm
ary
of e
xpen
ditu
res
for
publ
ic e
lem
enta
ry a
nd s
econ
dary
edu
catio
n,by
pur
pose
by
by S
tate
: 197
3-74
-(C
ontin
ued)
[In th
ousa
nds
of d
olla
rs!
Sta
teor
othe
r ar
ea
Tot
alex
pend
iture
s,al
l sch
ools
Cur
rent
exp
endi
ture
s, fo
r el
emen
tary
and
seco
ndar
y da
y sc
hool
sO
ther
prog
ram
sC
apita
lou
tlay'
Inte
rest
on
scho
ol, d
ebt
Tot
al -
Adm
inis
tra-
von'
Inst
ruct
ion
Ope
ratio
nof
pla
ntM
aint
enan
ceof
pla
ntF
ixed
'ch
arge
s
Oth
ersc
hool
serv
ices
12
34
56
78
910
1112
J,S
outh
Car
olin
a58
6,52
650
8,07
622
,982
--33
1,45
828
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14,1
2253
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57,7
805,
111
59,5
6313
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Sou
th D
akot
a.
162,
584
145,
114
8,16
691
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10,9
823,
316
12,0
1718
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803
14,8
501,
817
Ten
ness
ee77
7,95
168
9,55
828
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446,
676
45,9
8417
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82,9
5667
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5,23
077
,004
6,15
9T
exas
2,78
2,94
82,
288,
893
133,
576
1,63
8,05
9 -
2219
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(')96
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201,
477
6,32
336
9,32
611
8,40
6U
tah
318,
799
249,
765
10,3
0515
7,93
917
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9,59
536
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18,6
107,
177
55,9
465,
911
Ver
mon
t13
4,91
411
8,22
77,
240
74,8
3210
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3,79
310
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11,1
4449
12,7
203,
918
Virg
inia
1,23
3,27
11,
056,
604
32,5
8972
4,12
971
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43,7
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90,1
4694
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6,95
813
5,25
934
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Was
hing
ton
i1,
005,
042
900,
888
43,3
1659
2,95
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25,1
5710
6,79
763
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1,85
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28,5
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est V
irgin
ia37
5,19
233
9,43
313
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214,
591
22,8
3511
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33,7
5342
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928
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3,14
8W
isco
nsin
1,23
0,61
91.
1,09
1,95
338
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707,
555
87,5
5733
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721
84,9
6213
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88,9
1336
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min
g12
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699
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5,94
568
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3816
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11,2
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1,09
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496
678
106
216
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261
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982
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152
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I Inc
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iture
s at
all
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and
Sta
te b
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catio
n,'D
ata
for
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mn
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clud
ed in
col
umn
6in
term
edia
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dmin
istr
ativ
e un
its, a
nd lo
cal e
duca
tion
agen
cies
2Inc
lude
s ca
pita
l out
lays
by
Sta
te a
nd lo
cal
scho
olho
us n
g au
thor
ities
SO
UR
CE
' U.S
Dep
artm
ent o
f Hea
lth, E
duca
tion,
and
Wel
fare
, Nat
iona
l Cen
ter
for
'Incl
udes
est
imat
es fo
r th
ose
Sta
tes
that
incl
uded
dat
a fo
rm
aint
enan
ce o
f pla
nt w
ithE
duca
tion
Sta
tistic
s, S
tatis
tics
of S
tate
Sch
ool S
yste
ms,
197
3-74
.da
ta fo
r op
erat
ion
of p
lant
.`I
nclu
des
$359
,378
,000
exp
ende
dfo
r co
mm
unity
ser
vice
s an
d $9
329,
000
for
sum
mer
-sc
hool
s.
Tab
le 6
9.S
umm
ary
of e
xpen
ditu
l'es
for
publ
ic e
lem
enta
ry a
nd s
econ
dary
edu
catio
n, b
y pu
rpos
e:U
nite
d S
tate
s,"1
0192
0 to
197
3-74
Pu'
pose
of e
xpen
ditu
reS
Cho
ol y
ear
1919
-20
1929
-30
1939
-40
1949
-50
1959
-60
1963
-64
1965
-66
1967
-68
1969
-70
1971
.72
1973
74
12
34
56
78
j9
1011
12
Tot
al e
xpen
ditu
res,
111
AM
OU
NT
S IN
TH
OU
SA
ND
S O
F D
OLL
AR
S
scho
ols
.$1
,036
,151
$2,3
16,7
90$7
.,344
,049
$5,8
37,6
43$1
5,61
3255
$21,
324,
993
$26
,248
,026
$32,
977,
1$2'
$40,
613,
428
$48,
050,
283
$56,
970,
355
Cur
rent
exp
endi
ture
s,al
l sch
ools
864,
396
1,85
3,37
71,
955,
166
4,72
2,28
812
,461
,955
117
,645
,973
21,7
01,5
8427
,743
,681
34,8
53,6
7842
,213
,093
50,4
77,8
45
Pub
lic e
lem
enta
ry a
ndse
cond
ary
scho
ols
861,
120
1,84
3,55
21,
941,
799
4,68
7,27
4'1
2,32
9,38
917
,218
,446
21,0
53,2
8026
,877
,162
34,2
17,7
7341
1.81
7 78
250
,024
.638
Adm
inis
trat
ion
36,7
5278
,680
91,5
7122
0,05
052
8,40
874
4,77
093
7,64
61,
249,
028
1,60
6,64
61,
875,
504
2,27
5,72
6
Inst
ruct
ion
632,
556
1,31
7,72
71,
403,
285
3,11
2,34
08
50,7
3811
,750
,469
14,4
45,4
8418
,375
,762
23,2
70,1
5828
.148
,306
32,6
08.6
52
1P
lant
ope
ratio
n11
5,70
721
6,07
219
4,36
542
7,58
71
,036
1,44
5',8
451,
762,
745
2,07
4,63
87,
537
,257
3,14
5,23
13,
815,
224
Pla
nt m
aint
enan
ce30
,432
78,8
1073
,321
214,
164
2,58
539,
186
623,
581
789,
760
974,
941
1,17
9,54
01,
476.
349
Fix
ed c
harg
es9,
286
50.2
7050
,116
261,
469
909,
321,
343,
684
1,70
0,96
52,
388,
286
3,26
6,92
04,
096,
404
5,62
6,66
2
Oth
er s
choo
l ser
vice
s'30
,387
101,
993
129,
141
451,
663
1,03
3,29
71,
394,
492
1,58
2,85
81,
9911
689
2,56
1,85
63,
372,
790
4,22
2.02
5
Sum
mer
sch
ools
(2)
(2)
((2
)13
,263
.28
,994
70,3
1010
5789
410
6,41
3190
,554
93,8
29
Adu
lt ed
ucat
ion'
3,27
79,
825
13,3
6735
,614
26,8
5874
,872
120,
874
151.
864
128,
778
(' )
(3)
CoM
mun
ity c
olle
ges
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
34,4
9224
5,43
33Q
1,54
539
0,06
913
8,81
3(3
)(3
)C
omm
unity
ser
vice
s(I
)(I
))
)57
,953
78,2
2915
5,57
521
8,59
226
1,73
130
4,76
535
9,37
8
Cap
ital c
iutla
i415
3,54
337
0,87
825
7,97
41,
014,
176
'-2,6
61,7
862,
977,
976
3,75
4,86
24,
255,
791
4,64
9,07
24,
458,
949
4,97
8,97
6
Inte
rest
on
scho
ol d
em18
,212
92.5
3613
0,90
910
0,57
848
9,51
470
1,04
479
1,58
097
7,84
01,
1/0,
782
1,37
8,23
61,
513,
534
PE
RC
EN
TA
GE
DIS
TR
IBU
TIO
N
OC
Tot
al e
xpen
ditu
res,
all
t,24
scho
ols
.10
0.0
100.
010
0.0
100.
010
0.0
100.
010
0.0
100.
010
0.0
100.
0
Cur
,ent
exp
endi
ture
s, a
llsc
hool
'83
.400
083
480
.979
.882
.782
.784
185
-7
87.9
88.6
Pyb
iic e
lem
enta
ry a
ndsr
'con
dary
sch
ools
83 1
79.6
82 8
80.3
79 0
'80
780
281
.584
187
087
.8
Adm
inis
trat
ion
3 5
3 4
3 9
3 8
3 4
3 5
3 6
3.8
3.9
3.9
4.0
Inst
ruct
ion
1056
959
953
353
.555
,155
055
757
.258
.65/
.2P
lant
ope
ratio
n1
29.
38
3' 1
36
96
86
76.
362
6.5
6.7
Pla
nt m
aint
enan
ce2
93
43
13
72
7`
2 5
2.4
2.4
242
52.
6
Fix
ed c
harg
es9
2 2
2 1
4 5
5 8
16
36.
57
28.
08.
59.
9
Oth
er s
choo
l set
woe
s'3
54
45.
57
76
66
56.
06
163
7 0
7.4
Sum
mer
sch
ools
01(2
).(
2)(t
)1
1
33
.32
.2
Adu
lt ed
ucat
ion'
34
66
2'4
t"--
7-7-
115
5.3
(3;
(3)
Com
mun
ity r
xiE
leie
s(3
1(
' ))
12)
(3).
21.
211
1.2
3(3
).
(')C
omm
unity
cer
vice
s(
')
1('
)(3
)4
46
76
i6
Cap
ital o
utla
y'14
816
0' 1
1017
4'17
014
014
312
.911
:5,
9 3
8.7
inte
rest
on
scho
ol d
ebt
184
9iii -;
561
731
..33
3,0
3.0
2.9
2927
PriO
rto
195
9-60
, our
ns n
clud
ed u
nder
"ot
her
scho
ol s
ervi
ces"
wer
elis
ted
unde
rN
OT
E.-
Beg
inni
ng in
1959
-60,
incl
udes
Ala
ska
and
Haw
aii.
Bec
ause
of r
ound
iog,
"aux
liat v
ser
vice
s,a
mor
e oo
mpr
enen
siile
cla
ssifi
catio
n w
hich
als
a ,n
ciud
ed c
om-
mun
ity s
ervi
ces
2 P
rior
to 1
959
60, d
ata
snow
n fo
r ad
ult e
duca
tion
repr
esen
t com
bine
d ex
pend
itur-
-ijor
adu
I edu
catio
n, s
umm
er s
cboo
l;, a
nd c
omm
unity
col
lege
s.
' Dut
4 'I
OW
eria
,igtte
'Prio
r to
194
-,56
, exc
lude
,. ca
pita
l out
lay
by S
tate
and
load
se.
.hoo
thou
sing
aut
horit
ies
8
deta
ils m
ay n
n' a
dd to
tota
ls.
SO
UR
CE
S U
S D
epar
tmen
t of H
ealth
, Edu
catio
n, a
nd W
elfa
re,
kgiio
nal C
prrt
er fo
rE
duca
tion
Sta
tistic
s, S
tatis
tics
of S
tate
Sch
ool S
yste
ms.
Teak 70.Peflonal income, 1974, related ,to public school expenditures, by State: 1974-75
Stat.Per sonal olcorne
Total expenditures torpublic elementary endsecondary education'
Current expenditures forpublic elementary andsecondary day schools
Total(in
motions)
Percapita
Amountfin
bousends)
Asa percentof personal
ncorne
AmountI.n
thousands)
Asa percentof personal
income1..4,1......2 3 4 5 6 7
United 84444$ $1.151 422 115.441 551.521.000 5.36 861.975,000 4.51AUttosorta if076 4,215 674,458 4.47 626,758 4 16Malta 1.3130 7.662 184335 7 75 130,734 5.49At MeV! , 11,039 5.17? 713,594 647 543.017 4.92Akikerlia4 8.660 4,200 456 785 5,26 374,629 4 33frOftwa 126,118 6,032 6,934,627 5 50 5,235,504 4 15r.410,00 13.785 5,515 756,520 551 632.020 4,59COnneCIK %Ai 6,455 979.000 491 915,000 4 59
3.614 6,306 205.280 5 68 175,560 4 96041f Ct tat C.0 Mt*. 5 093 7.044 241.277 4 74 215,471 4.23; AM 4113)6 5,416 1363,.47 4 48 I 1.613,350 36801,00 941 23 196 4,751 1,082,054 4 671, 979,834 4.2214411Wwil, 5.105 6,04? 262,523 5 14 221.578 4.34*Ow: 3929 4,918 214,281 4 36 158,084 3 2111+,1,0,4 09,396 6,234 3.475224 494 2,778,460 401)1.10.4pa 2) 631 5.154 1.405,4113 509 1.144,8103 4 14IWO 15077 5279 804,1r20 5 34 713,000 4 73K.fil flirtKlit$typtt y
72.48514,912 4.442
`674.764025.300
5414
582.307560,000
4 663 76LeSce .1.4064 16.578 4,391 887.400 9 34 785,500 4 75441;. 4.006 4,590 264,540 5 50 228,96Q 4 76
24 329 5,943 1.409,534 5 79 1,082252 4 45MAKIAkt,s.ir t! 33,391 5.75? 1.630,500 488 1,445.000 43353570 5,883 3 449.978 6 45 2,373,242 5 56.4 71138 5,472 2.482,076 698 1.220.083 5 75bl't'Vt1 Oi 8839 3,803 477 269 3 40 395.887 4 491141141,.. 74 066 5.0.16 1,101,704 4 59 947,643 3 94
tAtf.2 3 643 4,956 721.60E- 6 OS 202.000 5 5544,14frin** 144 5 278 412903 5 37 361.307 4443,441 6 016 167,300 485 138,700 4 023 995 4.944 196.926 4 68 . 174.183 4 36
hie" jIR,111. 45 790 6.247 s 2 120 234 5 29 12.165.103 4 73iwrs 4 642 4.137 356 140 167 283.00b 6 10'1v. #-iv It) 641 6.15a 7,006 500 6 78 6.080,000 5 45tot** s 25 017 4.666 1.443.499 5 77 168,188 4 67fiit.*tl' Clow L 3 566 5 583 )56_972 441 132,47/ 3 73
59 745 5518 7 749,000 464 7 425.000 4097 409 S 581 file 260 511 560,000 4 91ri.v411, 11,9)3 5284 717 425 5 (49 671,870 5'9cars .3 644]1 S 44; 354.7977 5 SO 3 067,901 4f".." eilt 11: 1,4 5 006 5.343 760 609 501 250 759 5011700 4.311 648 470 5413 559,090 4 66
"3, 3rd 4 695.o- u *yr 18789 4 551
157.070$34 564
4 024 44
241.920744 064
4 443 9604 59 569 114157 7 618 413 4 57 7.244 .3 ?t)
5 747 4 173 9'42 os 270,115 5 15231 5341 124.6 '$37 S 96 109.577 514.; 76 205 5s39' *647 4 068 354 4 08i'mr,e. 19 849 5 no 685 481) 5 47 877 365 4 42Avt. ),4)79 4 3.7: t fro 499 33$ ,571 4 33
We' 2.3 9/5 5.747 :1J3 551.``r. 11.440 1 404 ,/9:4- 97
/0::'.5W,108,717
5 02560
1y 1'1 41.` 41.Z.k' .1 , , to,
5w911 - 4 Cr- ,10
5-:tUr41;f S S V40.4tth 441dtAfit'wfw, 5tiot.11.,3 Sfatq fp.; rf .i.urSet....a.ory Day SC1,001{, Fair 1974; . :11
3
Toole 71.--Estimated expenditure per pupil in averagedaily attendance in public elementary and secondary
day schools, by State: 1974-75
State orother area
Expenditures per pup 11
ntereston school
debtTotal' Current' Capital
outlay
2 3 4 5
United States . . .
AlabamaAlaska .
Arizona .
Arkansas .
California
Colorado .
Connecticut ....DelawareDistrict of ColumbiaFlorida
GeorgiaHawaiiIdahoIllinoisIndiana
Iowa .
KansasKentuckyLouisianaMaine
MarylandMassachusettsMichiganMinnesotaMississippi
MissouriMontanaNebraskaNevadaNew Hampshire
New Jersey'New Mexi...oNew YorkNorth CarolinaNorth Dakota
OhioOklahomaOregonPennsylvaniaRhode Island
South Caroling,South DakotaTenneiseeTexasUtah
Vet iriontVirginiaWashingtonWestWisconsinWyomng
Outlying arias
American 'SamoaCanal ZoriGuamPuerto A co'iVirgin Isiands
$1,431
9332.2281,5461,0871.373
1,4231,5961,7241.951,39?
1,0871.6001,2321,6371,298
1,4001,607
9601,6371,13b
/1,7711,5041,7701.635
921
1,2031,3921,3781,3061,173
1,7131,2822.2411,1511,199
1,7701 1311,6421,5871,666
1,062997
1,0731.265
1,2671,2311,3391.0201.4521,404
$1.255 $133 $43
8711,6241,176
8961,210
1.1881,5071,4851,8141,147
1,0001,384
9101,3761,074
1,2401,444
8641,3761,007
1,3691,3561,5471,423
834
1,0781 2691.2111,1011.095
1,5651,0522,0051,0521.032
1, 441,0191,4 ,5
4..4(13
8911,6031 114
4832,140
C.34573903894942
1,0951.0541,1999'0
1,3231.322
56491328164116
18846
169143222
53210299218181
13213760
21892
35487
164159
77
9710113713542
9421616586
140
931081885398
1137759
128301
6113422747
474369
-
23
346
234343
2826364331
4762565310
2823307236
5414711327
Table 72.--Total and current expenditure per pupil inaverage daily attendance in public elementary and
secondary schools: United States,1929-30 to 1973-74
School yearUnadjusted dollars
Adjusted dollars(1973-74
purchasingpower
Total' Current' Total' Current'
1 2 4 5
1929-30 . $108 $87 $294 $2341,
1931-32 . . 97 81 314 262
1933-34 . , 76 67 268 236
1935-36 . 88 74 299 251,
1937-38 100 84 326 274
1939-40 106 88 - 354 294
1941-42 110 98 329 293
1943-44 125 117 336 314
1945-46 145 136 371 348
1947-48 203 179 406 358
1949-50 . 259 209 510 412
1951.52 313 244 555 433
1953-54 351 265 609 460
1955-56 . 388 294 673 510
1957-58 . 449 341 733 557
1959-60 . 472 375 749 595
1961.62 . 530 419 822 650
1963-64 . 559 460 845 695
1965-66 . 654 537 955 785
1967-68 786 658 1,078 902
1969-70 955 816 1,180 1,008
1971-72 1,128 990 1,279 1,122
1973-74 1,364 1,207 1,364 1,207
33 ' Based on the Consume Price Index, prepared by the Bureau
14 O' ,,Lame Statistics, U S. Department of Labor29 ingludes current expenditure for day schools, capital outlay,
88 and interest on school debt74 'Inc1udes clay school expenditures only, excludes current
expenditures for other programs
SOUhCE U S Department of Health, Education, and Welfare,National Center for Education Statistics, Statistics of State
ool Systems
2812355122
127 45139 38109 3194 1691 3861 21
880 11
1 560 431 114
453 301,572 677
Inc.'udes current experndrr,fies or sr 1001$ clgra81 outlayend interest of schoo debtInt,icies .Kpen litures for da., scronis exciudes adulteducat.on, summer st.h(yolt cOrnrnu,,,y (cIlt ,'or'int arty 1017VICPt
' F$tirnat.xf by the N4t,,noi C+,,/ leg Ed..r( oh10.1 Stat,st,cs
'Estimates for 1972 73
SOURCES U S Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Center lot Education Statistics, Statistics ofPublic Elementary and Secondary Day Schools, Fah 1974,and unpublished data
;,"
CHAPTER IIIHIGHER EDUCATION
Universities and colleges exist in every State in theNation and in all of the larger and more populousititlying areas. More than two-fifths of the entire groupof 2,747 institutions are under tlLe control of Stategovernments or of cities, counties, or other sub-divisions of States. Eight service schools and one juniorcollege are controlled by the Federal Government. Theremaining 56 percent of the institutions are controlledby religious denominations, professi6nal organizations.or self-perpetuating groups oc public-spirited personsThe publicly, controlled colleges and universities tendto be much larger thad their piivately controlledcounterparts. More than three-fourths of all college
students attend public institutions.A salient characteristic of higher education in this
country is its diversity. American colleges and uni-versities offer a wide range and great variety ofprograms. For example, a junior college usually offersonly the first 2 }ears of training at the college level.but a university normally offers a full undergraduatecourse in the liberal arts, graduate work leading to thedoctorate, and courses preparing for entrance into atleast two or three of the learned pralessions Betweenthese two ext te rues arc numerous colleges which reflectlocal needs and purposes
Higher education has become increasingb, acczssibleto all segments of the population The growth of publictumoi collepts and other low-cost public invitut:onsmeans that the expenses of the students attendingthese institutions can he held to a minimum The BasicFditc.ational Opportunity Grant Program. GuaranteedStudent Loan Program, ind other Govettiment pro-
,grams have also attracted man} students who otherwise
, would fuse 1. and tit difficult to finance a. collegeeducation
A less optimistic sidelight to higher education is thatmost American colleges and uno,ersitiei, laced with
73
.85
rising costs. have found It necessary to increase theirbasic student charges over time. Thus the typicalcollege student usually Nets that his expenses fortuition, fees, room, and board are higher when hereturns to school in the fall than they were thepreceding year. How to raise fees withotit losingstudents is a growing problem for college administra-tors.
The National Center for Education Statistics con-ducts an annual survey of fall enrollment in which itobtains statistics directly from the colleges and ini-versities on total and first-time students. Prelintrralydata are usually available within 3 months after thebeginning of the fall term. The report Fall Enrollmentin Higher Education provides enrollment data byattendance status and sex of student and by type andcontrol of institution. The data are presented by Stateand for each recognized institution of higher educationin the country
Other studies of institutions of higher educationwhich have been conducted periodically by the Centerinclude surveys of faculty and other professional staff,faculty salaries, earned degrees conferred; enrollmentfor advanced degrees, engineering enrollments anddegrees; receipts. expenditures. and property, basicstudent charges. including tuition and fees and roomand board rates, and statistics of land-grant institu-tions The most recent data from each of these studiesare summarized in the tables which fo'low
Some of the tables in this chapter prpvide totals forthe 50 States and the District of Columbia. Others alsoinclude those uutlying areas American Samoa, the('anal Zone, Guam, Puerto Rico. the Trust Territory of-the Pacific Islands and file Virgin Islands whic:1 havewithin their borders one or more institutions of highereducation The coYerage of each table is specified in itstitle and in the table stub
Ns'
Table 73.--Total enrollment in institutions of higher education, by attendance status, sex of student,control of institution, and Stet.- Fall 1974
St.° ttrother ated
Totalenrollment
Attendance st Itus Sex of stu ent Control of institutionFulltime Part -Ime Men W men Public. Private
1 2 3 , t---4 5 '6 7 8United States . . 10,223,729 6,370,273 3;853,456 5,622,429 4,601,300 7,988,500 2,235,229
Alabama . 143,188 96,371 46,817 79,693 63,405 126,243 16,945Aidska 14,043 4,669 9,374 6,601 7,442 12,920 1,123Arizona,
Arkansas152,29956,680
87,90642,809
64,3 313,
85,90730,915
66,392, 25,765
147,14347,472
5,1569,208CaliforP,a , 1,597,179 741,474 855, 5 881,315 715,864 1,439,557 157,622
Color itto 141,269 99,680 4 : ,589 79,187 62,082 127,884 1J,385Comiecticut 146,491 86,927 59 564 /7,809 68,682 g2,694 53,797D-1,pria,-- 30,357 19,213 11,144 16,340 14,017 26,242 4,115O sir ct 0 Co1umbls 81,403 48,357 33,646 -48,104 33,299 14,375F land,, 306,680 184,318 122,362 172,132 134,548 258,037.,67,0281'48,643
Geoli,d 155,924 110,299 45,625 84,520 71,404 127,134 28,790Hawati 43,861 29,967 13,894 24,280 19,581 40,367 3,494Idaho 35,714 25,917 9,797 20,253 15,461 28,523 7,191Ill ,i,-,c, 535,388 308,829 226,559 284,378 251,010 398,898 136,490Ind' trta 203,833 140,901 62,932 113,801 3 90,032 149,964 53,869113,714 93,683 20,031 64,786 r 48,928 76,363 37,351113,352 79,142 34,210 62,247 51,105 101,047 12,305KI ,'t1( I, V 113,755 78,903 34,852 61,314 52,441 94,766 18,989I ot,I,,drt,t 140,563 103,730 36,835 76,888 63,677 119,713 20,852?Ow,
kl,jf4 ,ti
36,634
186,915
i 27 223
104 096
9,411
82,819
20,480
56,930
16,154
89.985
27,693
159,353
8,941
27,562Mas,,,ii bi.s, tt 356,''39 241,175 115,064 193,784 162,465 155,382 200,857Mit_ttitt. 4,-,!,2,12 261,242 196,100 250,443 206,899 401,714 55,628M,,,,, ,s, 7, 167 230 119,162 48,068 91 388 75,842 133,885 33,345M.,,,,,c,-,,p. 87,167 66,837 20,330 44,718 42,449 77,945 9,22251 s,,,.,, 200 717 131 059 69,668 r 112,922 87,795 142,445 58,272%In. ta , . 28,092 23,385 4,707 15,950 12,142 25,336 2,7561t.i, i . 61,292 47,707 19,585 38,504 28,788 54,002 13,290%, .11 26 274,1 16,128 10,146 15,148 11,126 26,110 164N.'.. it imb .'',-. 34 3651 29,754 5,111 19,729 14,636 19,636 14,729ri, V,/ 11 r ,. , 275 864 156 691 119,173 144,785 131,075 808,472 67,392
511566 34 046 16,620 28,708 21,958 46,324 4,342941,799 584 441 362,858 498,783 448,516 582,688 364,611214,418 166,945 57 473 125,753 98,665 174,609 49,80928,544 24,151 4 393 16 065 i. 12,479 26,804 1,740
(ii, 108 836 281 704 127,132 229,291 179.545 308,898 99,938,,,,,, , 131829 88 132 44,697 77,541 55,288 111,695 21,1441 yr 95, 84 180 54,766 75 903 63,11'7 124,533 14,522441, 994 309 585 137,409 249 422 197,572 . 268,400 178.594'1 136 35 244 24,192 33 593 25343 31,000 28,436114 708 79 678 35 010 65,084 49,624 91,282 23,426, i 2t, 855 21,818 5 037 15,05 11,787 20 659 - 6,19614,4 421 117 453 46,967 90,509 73,911 124,215 40,205
' - 547 14?82 I, 36
159 08462 889
188 05819 147
314,01148 835
233,12133,201
467 41052 135
79,73279,901
213 289 77 244 6 045 13,761 14,528 16,583 11,70621,, 8)1 128 897 86 954 110 472 105 379 186 992 28,859. 216 1)18 133 396 76 622 111 299 98,719 185,814 24,204
7 . 250 47 558 73 682 .3/,898 33,352 61,067 10,183126 -,15 153 195 73 380 125 805 100,770 197,395 29,180I i 14/ j 10 947 8 505 10 295 9 148 19,447 0,'9 215 1/ 5 nd 12 217 29,074 161 29,235 0
Outlying tict'as 97,810 72,196 25,614 44,624 P 51186 61,095 36,715r
j 811,.. _
341 492 '443 390 833 0t ,1 1,7', Vil 1 184 881 794 1,675 0t ',t.8 2 1 39 1 419 , 860 1 698 3,958 01- t-,9 t.,;', i,8 51,3, 21 105 at, 6/3 48 998 52 956 36 7151 , . ' 2!) 1 1 9 36 155 0, 1 018 ' 30 1 in 648 1,270 1,918 0
1., , ,1'-1( 1 I; c, 1 tt;,,Ittrytt 1 of 61. All!, f ,,,tooN 01, Lo ?r for Ed ,c mom S7,1,156 Fall En
'' E11,at,,,, 1974
t ,
1
86
Table 74. -Total enrollment in institu.tions of higher education, by type and level of enrollment and by, State:Fall 1974
State orarea t
All degree-credit and
non-degree-credit students
Degree-credit students Nom..
creditstudentsTrital Under.
graduateFirst-pro-fessional
Graduate Un-classified
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
United States 10,223,729 9,023,446 6,823,469 235,452 1,189,556 777,429 1,200,283
Alabama 143,188 131,433 '99,143 2,758 13,870 15,662 11,755Alaska 14,043 13,176 10,072 0 1,286 1,818 867Arizona 152,299 127,628 95,227 - 1,078 ,17,620 13,703 24,671Arkansas 56,680 54,223 46,029 1,222 4,992 1,980 2,457California 1,597,179 1,269,586 973,124 30,886 113,807 327,593
Colorado 141.269 125,348 92,366 2,563 15,624 14,795 15,921Connecticut 146,491 145,082 .110,674 2,430 26,020 5,958 1;409Delaware 30,357 , 28,1'33 : 18,632 0 1,746 7,755 2,224District of Columbia 81,403 81.278 45,531 7,939 18,462 12,346 125Florida . 306,680 268,236 208,113 4,165 22,008 33,950 38,444
Georgia . , . 155,924 146,975 113,922 4,607 23,024 5,422 8,949Hawaii 43,861 35,945 27,865 376 3,639 4,065 7,916Idaho 35,714 32,536 27,728 268 3,032 .1,508 3,178ll'alois , 535,388 452.907 310,156 16,776 68,317 57,658 82,481Indiana S 203.833 192,040 143,436 4,583 33,205 10,816 I 11,793
Iowa 113,714 100,656 80,093 5,732 12,090 2,741 13.058Kansas 113,352 107,070 82,187 2,324 14,993 7,566 6,2827( entucky 113,755 104,268 82,415 4,808 15,645 1,400 9,487Louisiana 140,565 136,478 108,884 5,426 16,687 5,481 4,087Maine 36,634 32,964 24,078 290 1,949 6,647 3,670
Maryland 186,9:5 161,888 112,412 3,843 23,036 22,597 25,027Vassachusetts 356,239 331,545 233,281 11,880 52,976 33,408 24,694Michigan 457,342 370,173 291,276 T1,265 52,953 14,679 87,169M nnesota 167,230 159,991 126,206 4,616 20,481 8,688 7,239Mitsissfppl 87,167 75,838 63,340 1,255 9,894 1,349 11,329
Missouri 200,717 186,196 135,321 8,022 23,130 19,723 14,521Mor tana 28,092 26,617 22,754 205 2,332 1,326 1,475Neb aska 67,292 62,294 50,234 2,504 7,235 2,321 4,998Nevala 26,274 19,066 14,466 0 1,835 2,765 7,208New ifampshire 34,365 30,921 25,330 539 2,223 2,829 3,444
New Jiirsey 275,864 254,506 184,955 4,310 39,588 25,653 21,358New M -ooco 50,666 48,803 36,403 594 5,606 6,200 1,863New Ycrk 947,299 930,224 694,358 18 945 144 693 77,228 17,075North Carolina 224,418 176,529 137,020 4,557 19,836 15,116 47,889North Dakota 28,544 25,265 21,200 417 1,773 1,875 3,279
Oh,o.
01. laht,md ,408,836132,829
351,617124,013
279,30499,90E
11,1612,793
46,37416,701
2Q7784 613
51,2198 816
Ori,gori 139,055 106,147 78,122 3 008 11,555 13,462 37,908fiennsylv ima 446 994 409 070 298,682 13,307 53,558 43,523 37,974Rhode Island 59,436 . 56 650 39,667 199 7,305 9.479 2,786
South Caotara 11.4,708 106,306 827236 2 017 12,408 9,055 8 407South Dakota 26 855 25 753 21,161 44 7, ?92 1,897 1 102Tennessee 164 420 159 OM 125,664 4,7211f 19,399 9,247 5,381T. .as 547 147 490 358 401 665 13 703 58,871 16,119 56 784Utah 82 036 72,525 67 971 1.099 7,210 1,295 9,511
Vermont 28 289 27 368 72 243 338 1,981 2 806 921%/aglow .. 215 851 198 784 ;15 946 3 877 28,079 50,932 1/ 0671/11ashingtor 210 018 158,/08 126 639 3 386 12,591 16,092 51,310West Shyfna 11 2',0 64 836 48 008 935 10,747 5 146 6,414Wisconsin 226 575 174 012 135,592 3,149 23 757 11 519 52,563Wyoming 19 447 17 707 9 990 715 1 47? 5 579 2 740
U°S Sersnco Sr hral 79 735 29 235 77,447 0 1,741 52 0
Outry Ing areas 97,810 86,437 73,960 2,614 4,541 5,322 11,373
Amen( an Samoa 833 4 3 0 0 s 0 43 790Canal Zone 1 615 1 G1', 1 G15 0 0 0 0
Guars 3 -,5%3 2 h59 2 099 0 1),11 13 890PuOrtl) i41,1 ii() A11 HO 21-, i 1,c4 182 2 M4 3 `i f0 3 947 9 418Trost Ter f ,tof v of no Pa, f k 155 74 0 0 0 74 1 31
VHpri 151,1"(Is 1 ')18 1 1in 404 0 84 1,295 - 1 35
SOURCE U S 1)..;,,Iftrn..t 0 He oir. E Ott, 21 .f v, "lir. rt' `-",t ,11 f nr,4111,,,,ttF t,,,r 107,1
e%
Table 75.-Total and firsime degree-credit enrollment in institutions ofk higher education, by State: Fall 1974 and fall'1975
Staie0 Of
other area
Total enrollment.
, First-time students
1974 1975' 1974 1975'1 2, 3 4 5
United States . . . . . . . 9,023,446 9 328 000 1,854442 1,893,000Alabama 131,433 136.000 28,494 29,000Alaska 13,176 14,000 3,478 4,000Arizona 127,628 132,000 35,629 36,000 -Arkansas 54,223 56,000 12,691 13,000California 1,269,586 -1312,r.!00 236,870
'1240,000
Colorado 125,348 1130,000 26,334 27,000Connectitut , 145,082 150,000 35,788 37,000Delaware 28,133 29,000 5,459 6,000District of Columbia - 81,278 84,000 10,114 10,000Florida 268,236 277,000 49 775 51,000Georgia 146,975 152 000 28,774 29,000Hawaii 35,945 37,000 a b,060 6,000Idaho 32.536 34 000 9,891 10,000Illinois 452,907 468,000 89,057 91,000Indiana 192,040 199,000 39,706 41,000Iowa 100,656 104,000 21,650 22,000Kansas 107,070 111,000 26,073 27,000Kentucky 104,268 1Q8,000 20,694 21,000Louisiana 136-418.- 141,000 29,250 30,000Maine 32,964 34,000 6,983 7,000Maryland 161,888 167,000 33,055 34,C00Massachusetts 331,545 343,000 69,703 71,600Michigan 370,173 383,000 76,983 79,000Minnesota 159,991 165,000 30,3231 31,000Missistsippi 75,838 78,000 21,571 22,0001(1,5500, I 186,19G 192,000 33,239 34,000Montana 26,617 28.000 6,126 6,000Nebraska 62,294 64.000 12,382 13,000Nevada 19,066 20,000 5,482 6,000New Hampshire I 30,921 32,000 7,572 8,000New Jersey, 254,506 263,000 55,028 56,000New Mexico 48,803 50,000 9,382 . 10,000New York 930,224 967,000 179,994 183,000North Carolina 176,529 182,000 41,324 42,000North Dakr,ta 26,265 26.000 6.588 7,009Ohio 357.617 370,000 71,435 73,000Okluhorna 124,013 128,000 25,351 26.000Oreim '06,147 110,000 26,562 27,000Pennsylvania 409,070 423 000 93.097 95,000fthode Wand 56,650 59 000 11,376 12 000Swat, Carolina 106,306 1,10,000 26,933 27,000S0,1111 Dakota 25,753 27,000 6,483 7,000Tennes>ee 159,039 164 000 32 513 33,000Tf`,015 490 358 507 000 96 864) 99,00011 tat' 72,525 75,000 11905 14,000VI-grflOr11 27 368 28,000 6,829, 7,000Vitynia 198,784 205,000 33,401 '-' 34.000VVashingto,, 158 706 1G4 000 38 600 39 000West ykriunia 64 836 67 000 14 358 15,000W 561r1Sil1 174 012 .180 000 33 254 34,000Wyom.,pq 11,207 18 000 3 778 3,000U S Spry', e Sooty's 29 735 30 000 8,685 9,000
Outlying areas 86,437 89,000 21,011 21,000Arnoa an SJIT10,1 43 I I CICana, 7onv 1 675 2 000 728 1 00Q( ,,,,T, 2 659 3 0(X) 590 1 000PO' t 1 1-.1,r0 80 253 82,000 19 610 19 000T, ,,+ 1 , I t I i l j f V f tn P,, ' , 24 C , i-Vitipri I SI I /1(15
_1,783 2000 83 el
I
1)(1) ,6SOUliCt U.S Department of Health, Educa.on, and
Nar,,,r1,31 Centr, for Educatinn Statts,$c ,, Fallf nwIlment en Higher Eau( argon, 1974 and estimates oft. Nat,,,-111 tn :in' Star'..,.,
8S
Table 76.-Resident degree-credit enrollment in institutions of higher education, by State and by place of residence:Fall 1972
StateOr
qther area
All students In -State s udents Out-ofState students Foreign Students
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 , 9
United States 41 7,969,292 100.0 6,676,572 83.8 1,141,076 14.3 , 151,344 \1:9Alabama . . . . 109,289 100.0 95,001 86.9 13,460 12.3 828 .8Alaska . . . 11,978 100 0 10,791 90 1 1,032 8.6 155 1.3Arizor1a . . . 102,855 100.0 85,074 82.7 16,156 15.7 1,625 1.6Arkankas . . . . . 51,300 100.0 44,060 85.9 6,870 13.4 370 .7California . . . 1,029,039 100.0 968,314 94.1, 37,582. 3.7 23.143 2.2
Colored° . . . . 111,219 100.0 77,714 69.9 31,426 28.3 2,079 1.9Connecticut' . . 129,033 100.0 107,016 82.9 20,809 16.1 1,208 .9DelaWare . . . . . 20,341 100.0 11,281 55.5 8,762 43.1 298 1.5District of Columbia . 72,633 100.0 22,532 31.0 43,938 60.5 8,163 8.5Florida ..... . . . 224,033 100.0 191.458' 85.5 29,132 13.0 3,443 1.5Georgia . . .. . . . 134,278 100.0 108,647 80 9 23,741 17.7 1,890 1.4Hawaii . . . . 33,539 100 0 29,008 86.5 2,758 8.2 1,773 5.3Idaho , 30,074 100.0 22,464 74.7 7,036 23 4 574 1.9Illinois . 401,998 100.0 358,746 89.2 I 34,416 8 6 8,836 2.2Itukana 189,903 100.0 144,876 76.3 42,308 22.3 2,719 1.4
Iowa . . 97,631 100.0 72,872 74 6 23,40E1 24.0 1,351 1,4Kansas . . 100,929 100.0 82,961 82 2 16,300 16.1 1,668 1.7Kentucky . ' 98,883 100.0 79,295 80 2 18,604 18.8 984 1.0Louisiana . 130,021 1000 114,578 a., 13,105 10.1 2,338 1.8Maine . . . .30,527 100 0 21,758 71.3 8,489 27.8 280 9
Maryland . . . . 147,742 100 0 120,364 81 5 24,851 16.8 2,527 1.7Massachusetts 277,663 100.0 ;88,048 67 7 81,641 29.4 7,974 2.9Michigan , , 338,173 , 100.0 304,912 902 27,199 80 6,562 1.8Minnesota . 138,444 100.0 115,954 83.8 19,686 14.2 2,804. 2.0Mississippi 72,865 100 0 65,423 89 8 6,812 9.3 630 . 9Missouri . 174,721 100.0 139,157 79 6 32,313 18 5 3,251 1 9Montana . 25,944 100.0 21,495 82.9 4,213 16.2 236 .9Nebraska 61,301 100.0 49,433 80 6 10,974 17 9 8'44 1.5Nevada 14,076 100.0 11,405 81 0 1,954 13.9 717 5 1New Hampshire . 27,860 100.0 12,863 46 2 14,674 52.7 323 1.2
New Jersey 218,700 100.0 197,435 90 3 18,343 8.4 2,922 1.3New Mexico 44,999 100.0 38,364 85 3 5,934 13 2 701 1 6New York 830,733 100 0 736,758 88 7 74,366 9 0 19,609 2.4North Carolina 151,579 100 0 115,250 76 0 34,462 22 7 1,367 1 2North Dakota
t25,750 100 0 21,49b 83 5 3,781 14 7 474 1 8
Ohio 354,727 100 0 298,858 84 3 52,179 14 7 3,690 1 0Oklahoma , 114,930 100 0 99,614 86 7 13,054 11.4 2,262 2 0Oregon 89,314 100 0 71,862 80 5 15,289 17 1 2,163 2 4Pennsylvania , 383,505 100 0 315,663 823 61588 161 6,254 1.6Rhode Islard 39,993 100 0 25,579 64 0 13,210 33 0 1204 3 0
South Carolina 78,515 100'0 64,600 82 3 13,397 17 1 518 7South Dakota 25,626 100 0 19,834 77 4 5,550 21 7 242 .9Tennessee 141,970 100 0 108,086 76 1 31,878 22 5 2,006 1 4Texas 437,796 100 0 391,638 89.5 36,930
)t 8 4 9,228 2 1
Utah 68,369 100 0 43,729 64 0 22,540 33 0 2,100 3 1.Vermont 23,914 100 0 10,903 45 6 12,697 53 1 314 1 3Virginia 145,880 100 0 114,915 788 29,793 204 1,172 8Washington 147,563 100 0 129.332 876 15,121 102 . 3,110 21W011 V4;944t4i . , 57,278 100.0 41,664 72 7 15,003 26 2 611 ' 1 1
Wisconsin 169,711 100 0 142,363 83 9 24,141- 14 2 3,207 1 9Wyoming 13,459 100 0 10,699 79 5 2,41/1 18 4 289 2 1
U S Service Schools 16,689 100-0 731 4 4, 15,700 94 1 r 258 1 5
78,618 100.0 73,474 93.5 1,905...,
2.3 3,339 4.2Outlying area .
American Samoa 863 100 0 863 100 0 0 0 0 0Canal Zone 1,419 100 0 1,118 788 0 0 301 21 2Guam 2,988 100 0 1,467 49 1' 941 31 5 580 19 4Puerto Rico 72,759 100 0 69,555 95 6 839 1 2 2,365 3.3Trust Territory of the
Pacific 121 100 0 121 100 0 0 .3 0 0Virgin Islands 468 100 0 350 74 8 25 5 3 93 19 9
NOTE Data from the lesrdenci' and migration stub y differsnip-illy from :how prryinusjy published in Fall Enrol 'slant inHigher Education, 1972 Because of rounding, percents maynu: ada to 100.0
SOURCE U S Dope. tmen of Health, Education, and Welfare,National Center for Education Statistics, unpublished datafrom the survey of Residence and Migration of CollegeStudents, Fall 1972 ,.
77
89 I
a
Table 77.-Selected statistics for the 60 college and university campuses enrollingthe largest numbers of students: United States, fall 1974
Institution Rankor der'
Con-t rol' Type'
Totalenroll-ment4
Enrollment bysex
Enrollment byattendance status
Men Women-
Full-time Part -time1 2 . 3 ,4 5 6 7 8 9.
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis-Saint Paul 1 1 U 58,814 35,376 23,438 36,626 22,188Ohio State University, Main Campus 2 1 U 49,523 29,553 19,970 42,881 6,642Michigan State University . . 3 1 U 46,974 25,257 21,537 36,403 10,391University of Texas at Austin 4 1 U 44,934 26,260 18,674 47,403 7,531Pennsylvania State University, Main Campus 5 1 U 39,077 22,497 16,580 28,989 10,088University, of California, Los Angeles . 6 1 U 39,009 22,897 16,112 30,123 8,886University:of Wisconsin, Madison , . 7 1 U 36,971 21,511 15,460 31,191 5,780University of Michigan-Ann Arbor 8 1 U 36,895 21,669 15,226 29,740 7,155Universityl of Illinois, Urbana Campus 9 1 U 36,395 22,340 14,055 31,356 5,039University of Washington - , 10 1 U 36,234 20,888 15,346 27,952 8,282Univeisity! of California, Berkeley
. 11 1 U 35,439 21,945 13,494 28,033 7,406Northeastern University (Massachusetts) 12 2 U 35,432 23,131 12,30) 16,455 18,977City University of New York, Brooklyn College . 13 1 F 35,426 15,980 19,446 20,508 14,918Wayne State University (Michigan) 14 1 U 34,706 19,458 15,248 21,786 12,920UniversitY of Mai yland, College Park Campus 1.5 1 U 34,667 18,653 16,014 27,031 7,636San Diego State University (California) . 16 1 F 33,940 18,792 15,448 19,274 14,666UniversitY of Cincinnati, kAain Campus (Ohio) 17 1 U 33,634 20,223 13,411 21,645 11,989University of Houston, Main Campus (Texas) 18 ' 1' U 33,533 20,425 .13,108 19,137 14,396Orange Coast College (California) - 19 1 T 32,535 16,268 16/67 7,454 25,081California State University, Long Beach 20 1 F 32,247 17,693 14,554 15,909 16,338San Jose State University (California) 21 1 F 31,837 16,371 15,466 15,456 16,381Miami-Dade Community College (Florida) 22 1 T 31,663.. 16,003 15,660 16,332 15,331Arizona State Useversity . 23 1 Al 31,021 17,584 13,437 31,021 .Indiana University at Bloomington 24 1 U 30,623 17,224 13,399 25,798 4,825Rutgers University, New Brunswick (New Jersey) 25 1 U 29,653 16,136 13,517 19,801' 9,852University of Pittsburgh, Main Campus (Penns I 26 1 U 29,527 17,092 12,435.e 17,247 12,280University of Arizona 27 1 U 29,241 16,272 12,969 20,392 8,849City University of New York, Queens College 28 1 F 28,997 12,425 16,572 16,719 12,278New York University 29 2 U 28,683 16,618 12065 13,325 15,358Long Beach City College (California) 30 1 T 28,4(7 14,577 1 3,840 5,709 22,708Universjty of Florida 31 1 U 28,261 17,659 10,602 22,707 5,554Temple University, Main Campus (Pennsylvania) 32 1 1../ 28,213 16,228 11,985 15,979 12,234University of Tennessee, Knoxville 33 1 U 28,011 16,214 11,797 21,384 6,627Purdue University, Main Campus (Indiana) 34 a U 27,838 17,555 10,283 24,258 3,580el Camino College (California) 35 "T` .... T 26,924 14,049 12,875 7,192 19,732
Brigham Young University, Main Campus (Utah) 36 2 U 26,515 13,746 12,769 21,827 4,688California State University, Northridge 37 1 F 26,286 13,587 12,699 14,069 12,217University of Wisconsin, Milwaul.ee 38 1 F 25,421 13,332 12,089 15,121 10,300Unorersity of Virginia, Main Campus 39 1 (..1 25,?27 12,822 12,405 13,569 11,658California State University. Los Angeles 40 1 F 24,833 13,079 11,754 10,359 14,474Northern Illinois University 41 1 U 24,812 10,595 14,216 19,973 7,839University -of Massachusetts, Amherst Campus 42 1 U 24,699, 14,185 10 514 21,829 2,870Boston University 1Massachusettl 43 2 U 24,621 12,282 12,339 17,576 -7,045City University of New York, Hunter College 44 1 F 24,550 6,486 18,064 9,771 14,779Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 45 1 U 24,440 14,073 10,367 19,816 4,624Univesty of Milsouri Columbia 46 1 U 24,237 14,146 10,091 20,274 3,963University of South Carolina, Main Campus 47 1 U 24,076 13,309 10,/67 15,966 8,110Los Angeles City College (California) 48 1 T 23,477 12,657 10,820 7,488 15,989University of Southern California 49 2 U 23,257 15,310 7,947 14,691 8,566University of Georgia 50 1 U 23,146 12,791 10 155 18,486 4,660University of Utah 51 1 U 23,142 14.989 8,153 17,404 5,738Sari Francrscn State University (California) 52 1 . F 22,746 10,780' 11,966 12,309 10,43/Western Mac.higun University 53 1 F 22,672 12,073 10,599 15,135 7,537University of Oklahoma, Norman Campus 54 1 U 22,496 14.189 8,307 14,822 7,676University of Colorado, Main Campus 55 1 U 22 420 13,51 3 8,907 19,543 2,877State University of N Y at Buffalo Main Campus 56 1 1) 22,227 13,484 8 743 15,629 6,598University of Kansas 57 I U 27,182 12,577 9,605 17,736 4,386Charles S Moss Community College (M ichiganl 58 1 T 22,028 9,8125 12,223 4,029 17,999City College Sart F fdr1( ISCO (Ctildnrnla) 59 1 T 21$80 11,806 10,174 9,1340 12,940University of lowa , 60 1 U 21,961 12,699 9,262 17,381 4,580
torrtrttittoriS ranked by sae of total enrollmenti Publicly runtrolled tot.ons We- Ith`lit I f by aprivately controlled by a '2
1
*1r cludes students whose programs of study are Creditabletr ward a bachelor's or higher degree, and also undergraduatestudents in 1 2 or 3 year oicuttatonal programs Which arenot Cr eriltrible toward a bachelor's degree'The types id iii.,tdidioris are 'tient f,ed as follows U SOURCE U S Department of Health Education, and Welfare
unwe'isities F other 4 year institutions T' 2 year insti National Center for Edur Minn Statistics Fall Enrollmentt,,t,ons Hitnation, 1974
78
90
Table 78.--Degree-credit enrollment in institutions of higher education compared with population aged 18-24:United Stet!, fall 1950 to fall 1974
YearPopulation18-24 years
of ageEnrollment
Number en-rolled per 100persons 18.24years of age
YearPopulation18.24 years
of ago'Enrollment
Number en-rolled per 100persons 18.24years of age,
1 2 3 4 1
., I2 3 4
1950 . . . . 16,076,000 2,286,500 14.2 1965 . . . . 20,293,000 5,526,325 27..2
1951 . . 15,781,000 2,107,109 13.4 1966 21,376,000 35,928,000 2771952 15,473,000 2,139,156 13.8 1967. . 22,327,000 '6,406,000 28.71953 15,356,000 .2,235,977' 14.6 1968 22,883,000 6,928,115 30.31954. . . 15,103,000 2,452,466 16.2 1969 . . . .. 23,723,000 7,484,073 31.5
1955 14,968,000 2,660,429 17.8 1970 ..... . . 24,683,000 7,920,149 32 11956 . . . . . 14,980,000 2,927,367 19.5 1971 . . . . 25,776,000 1 8,116,103 - 31.51957. . . 15,095,000 3,047,373 20.2 1972 . . .. 25,901,000 8,265,057 31.91958 . 15,307,000 3,236,414 21.2 1973 . . . . . 2 6 , 3 8 1 , ( 0 8,518,150 32.31659 . . . . . . . 15,677,000 3,377,273 21 5 1974 26,908,000 9,023,446 33.5
1960 . . . . . 16,128,000 3,582,726 22.21961 . 17 004,000 3,866,643 22 7 .
1962 . . 1 G88,000 4,174,936 2? 6 .1963 . .. 18,268,000 4,494,626 2 3 ,
1964 . 18,783,000 4,950,173 26 4
' These Bureau of the Census estimates are as of July 1
preceding the opening of the academic year _They includeArmed Forces overseas
'Estimated.
NOTE Data are for 50 States and the District of ColumbiaBeginning in 1953, enrollment figures include extension.students
SOURCES (1) U.S. Department of °Health, Education, andWelfare,ational Center for Education Statistics, Fall Enroll-ment in Higher Education. (2) U.S. Department of Commerce;Bureau of the Census, Current. Population Repiwts, SeriesP-25, Nos 311, 519, and 529.
Table 79.-- Degree - credit enrollment in institutions of higher education, by sex andby control of institution: United States, fall 1946 to fall 1975
Year TotalEnrollment by
sexEnrollmenttrot of institution
. Public
by con
1371-silteYear Total
Enrollment bysex
Enrollment by controt of institutiors
Men Women ---14n Women Public Private
1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6
' 2:078,095 ' 1,417,595 ' 660,500 (') 1') 1961 3,860,643 2,406,601 1,452,042 2,328,912 1,531,73119461947 2.338,226 1.659,249 678,977 1,152,377 1,185,849 1962 4,174,936 2,587,291 1,587,645 2,573,720 1,601,2161948 2,403,396 1,709,367 694,029 1,185,588 1,217,808 1963 4494,626 2,772,562 1,722,064. 1,848,454 1,646,1721949 2,444,900 1,721,572 723,328 1,207,151 1,237,749 1964 4,950,173 3,032,992 1,917 181 3,179,527 1,770,6461950 2,281,298 1,560,392 720,906 1,139,699 1,141,599 1965 5,526,325 3,374,603 2,151,722 3,624,442 1,901,883
1951 2,101,962 1,390,740 711,222 1,037,938 1,064,024 1966' 5,928,060 3,577,000 2,351,000 3,940,000 1,988,0001952 2,134,242 1,380,357 753,885 1,101,240 1,033,022 1967' 6,392,000 3,822,000 2,570,000 4,349,000 2,04.3,0001953 2,231,054 1,421;598 808,456 1,185,876 1,045,178 1 1968 6,9W,115 4,119,002 2,809,113 4,891,743 2,036,3721954 2,446,693 1,563,382 883,311 1,353,531 1,093,162 1969 7,484,073 4,419,147 3,064,926 5,414,934 2,069,1391955 2,653,034 1,733,184 919,850 1,476,282 1,176,752 1970 7,920.149 4,636,641 3,283,508 5,800,089 2,121,060
1956 2,918,212 1911,458 1 006,754 1,656,402 1,26110 1971 8,116,103 4,717,098 3,399,005 6,013,934 2,102,1691957 3,036,938 1,985.088 1,051,850 1,752,669 1,284,269 1972 8,265,057 4,700,622 3,564,435 6,158,929 2,106,1281958 3,226,038 2,092,218 1,133,820 1,88 3,960 1,342,Q78 1973 8,518,1 I 4,770,789 3,747,361 6,388,619 2;129,5311959 3,364,861 2.153,565 1,211,296 1,972,457 1,392A04 1974 9,023,446 4,968,106 4,054,740 6,838,324 2,185,1221960 3,582,726 2.256,877 1,325,849 2,115.893 1,466,833 1975' 9,328,000 5,132,000 4,196,000 7,121,000 2,207,000
' EstimatedData not available
NOTE -Beginning in 1980, ifata are for 50 States and theDistrict of Columbia (1,1I3 for earliVI years are for 48 States aridthe District of Columbia Beginning Itl 1953 enrollment figuresinc,hrde 0) 00(111(111 students
-SOURCES U S Department of Health Education, and Welfare, National Cent-r for Education Statistics, Fall Enrollmentin Higher Education, and estimates of the National Center forEducation St itistics
91
Table 80.--Resident degree-credit enrollment in institutions of higher education related tO total population and toage groups 18-21 and 18-24: United States, 1869-70 to fall 1972
Population' tdenResidentdegree-credit enrollment Ratios
Total resident Under-degree-credit graduate
students to 100 of- residentYear Total' Ages
18.21'Ages
18-24' Total Under.graduate
Graduate Total Popu Popu
degree.credit
PoPu- lotion lation students tolation 18-21 18-24 100 of popu-
lation 18.211 3 4 : 5 8 7 8 9 10 11
Academic year1869-70 39,818,449 3,116,000 4,574,000 52,286 151 (' / 0 13 1 68 1 14 (' )1879 80 50,155,783 4,253,000 7,092,000 115,817 01 0 / 23 2 72 1 63 (41889 90 62,947,714 "5,160,000 8,820 000 156,756 154,374 2,382 25 304 1 78 2 991899-1900 75,994575 5,931,000 10,357,000 237,592 231,761 5,831 31 401 229 3911909-10 00,492,000 6,934,000 12,300,000 355,213 346,060 9,153 39 5 12 2 89 4 991919-20 104,512,000 7,386,000 12,830,000 597,880 582,268 15,612 57 809 4 66 7 88 .1929 30 121,770,000 8,862,000 15,280,000 1,100,737 1,053,482 47,255 90 12 42 7 20 11 891939.40 . 131,028,000 9,582,000 16,458,000 1,494,203 1,388,455 105,748 1 14 15 59 9 08 14 491941.42 133,402,000 9,703,000 16,715,000 1,403,990 '1,318,547 '85,443 1 05 14 47 8 40 13 594943.44 136,739,000 9,706,000 16,914,000 1,155,272 ',) ,096,041 '59,231 84 11,90 6 83 11 291945.46 139,928,000 9,557,000 16,790,000 1,676,851 1,555,599 121,252. 1 20 17 55 999, 16 281947 48 144,126,000 9,276,000 16,419,000 2,616,262 2,441,830 174,432 1 82 28 20 15 93 26 321949 50 149,188,000 8,990,000 16,120,000 2,659,021 2,421,813 237,208 1 78 29 58 16.50 26 94.1951 52 154,283; 00 8,742,000 15,709,000 2,301,884 2,068,557 233,327 1 49 26 33 14 65 23 661953.54 159,5V, J00 8,441,000 15,221,000 2,514,712 2,237,713 276,999 J 58 29 79 1662 ' 26 51
1st term of acadeemicyear
November 1953 159,559,000 8,441,000 15,221,000 2,199,972 1,976,863 223,109 1 38 26 06 14 45 23 42 1November 1955 165,276,000 8,508,000 14,966,000 2,597,670 2,347,656 250,014 1 57 30 53 17 36 27 591st term, 1957 58 171,278,000 8,844 000 15,118,000 2,899,565 2,621,919 277,646 1 69 32 79 19 38 29 651st t, .m. 1959 60 117,830.000 9,190,000 15,677,000 3,215,544 2,873.724 341,820 1 81 34 99 20 51 31 271st term, 1961 62 183,691,000 10,290,000 17.004,000 3,726,114 3,328,288 397,826, 2 03 36 21 21 91 32 34Fall 1963 - 189,242,000 11,171,000 18,266,000 4,234,092 3,755,515 478,577 2 24 37 90 23 18 33 62Fail 1968 200,706,000 14,529,000 22'883,000 6,659,203 5,851,279 807,924 3 32 45 83 29 10 40 27Fall 1969 202,677,000 14,426,000 23,723,000 7,136,015 6,308,029 828,046 3 52 49 47 30 08 43 73Fall 1970 204,879,000 14,765,000 24,863,000 7,545,340 6,645,308 900,032 3 68 51 31 30 57 45 19Fall 1971 207 045,000 15,019,000 25,776,000 7,799,644 6,891,676 907,968 3 77 51 93 30 26 45 89call 1977 208,Q42,000 15,432,000 25,901,000 7,950,526 7 007,168 943,358 3 81 51 52 30 i0 45 41
Anne() Forces overseas are excluded from iouU 70 to 1929 30they are included in 1939 40 and subsequent years
'Data are actual (enSliS t-OUnIS of June 1 from 1870 to 1900for later years they are est mates by the Bur, au of the Censusas of July 1 p:eCeritml the fall term of each school year
`Data from 1869 70 to 19.11 40 are estimates try the NationaiCenter for E(1...(atiOn Sfiltittn.A fru,n figures fur WI) id .199
,ops ipttilitif by the Survey of Itl Census data firm lot,',it' v.. are .",ti motes tn, the Bute au 'if ti,, Leomit
`Includes students enrolled for I st prole ssional degrees Alsoint lodes 'unclassifed' students wt en not epos Ted by levelData not available
"Distribution by level estimated
SOURCES U S Department of Health, Fdocation, and Welfare,National Center for Education Statistics, Biennial Survey ofEducator) in the United States and comprehensive and fell
of r,Ir 01IMont Il lottlfultOns of higher education
Table 81., Degree credit enrollment in institustions of higher education, by type and control of institutionUnited States, fall 1969 to fall ,974
TVP, eIii iOntrolit tilt, 1969 1970 1971 1972 1913 1974
Percent change1969 to 1974
4 57 8
All onstitutions 7 484 073 ' 920 149 8.116 103 8,265,0574- -----
8,518.150 9.023'446
_206
1.106, titles 2 860 313 1 000 795 3 004 988 3,014 674 3 110,130 3 197 117 11 8Other 4 yeat 3 095,331 3 289 872 3 385,794 3 458,529 3486,943 3 628 035 17 12 t, ar ,ISt1(1111,mi 1 ,>24 4:9
*--1 679 982 1 725 121 1 791 Eltei 1 971 (177 2 198,794 43 8
6 013,934---+
16,15b15b 929 6,388,619_6,838,324 26 3
Public institutions 5,414 934 5,800 089--+-162 317 I 2 310 047 2 405 695 2 480 809 14 7
s 2 277 135 2 301 9764 year ,,,10 1 840 007 2 007 592 2019 252 ! 2 154 417 2,153,713 1,253 389 22 5
2 se ,nsb;rtt, 1 412 610 1 519 762 1 622 706 i 1 694 465_1 1 879 '211 2 104 1 76 49 0Private institutions 2 069 139 2,120,060 2,102 169 2,106,1281 2 129,531! 2.185.1221 5 6
t ), 697 996 72; 56(1 711.1 01) 104 627 704 435, 716 30811m. 4 ,rt , '
,r
1 255 124
11581`)1:87 .510 1 ',42
1102211 102 6151 304,117
97 3139
1 41210! 1 1741.41, 45'11 866 94 16F3 18 7
',11111t, f I I `, t II, n ,1 C,, f 1,, . ',I , f qu,pmrnr I?
Hay',
92
Table 42."--Degree=credit and non-degree-credit enrollment in institutions of highereducation, by type and control of institution: United States, fall 1974
Type and controlof institution
Totalenrollment
Degree-creditenrollment
Non-degree-creditenrollment
1
r-2 3 4
All institutions `.. - ` 10,223,129 9,023,446''
1,200,283Public 7,988,500 6,838,324 1,150,176Private .
,. 2,235,229 2,185,122 50,107'-----4-year Institutions 6,912,182 6,826,152 8,2 !130
Public . . . . 4,793;b97 4,734,198 59,4kPrivate 2,118,485 2,090,954 27,531
Univb-sities 3,231,923 3,197,117 34,806Public 2,514,195 2,480,809 33;386private . 717,728- 716,308 1,420
Other 4year institutions 3,680,259 3,628,035 52,224Public 2,279,502 2,253,389 26,113
' Private . 1,400,757 1,374,646 26,111
.2-year institutions 3,311,547 2,198,294 1,113,253
Public 3,194,803 2,104,1-26 1,090 677Pr vate 115,744 94,168 22,576
SOURCE U S Department of Health, Education, and Welfare National Center ib Education Statistics,Fell Enrollment in Higher cducetoon, 1.974.
Table 83.--Total enrollment in institutions of higher education, by sex, type of enrollment,and control of institution: United States, fall 1974
Type of enrollment andcontrol of institut.on
Number of students , Number of students
Tots' Men WomenType of enrollment and i
control of institution Total Men Women
1 2 31
1 2. 3 4
All institutionsAll students
Degree credit studentsUndergraduate and firstprofessional students
Undergraduate studentsFull timePart-time
First professional studentsGraduate studentsUnclassified students
Non-degree credit students
Publicly controlled institutionsAll students
Degree (redo stuovrIRUndergraduate and f .rstproltssirmal students
Undergraduate students
10,22.3,729 5,622,429 4,601,300Full-time 3,737,74312.084,854Part time 1,543,879 790,951
I
First-professional students 104,356' 84;271Graduate students 852,414 454,302Unclassified students , 599,932, 292,912
Non-degree credit students , 1,150,176 631,335
1,652,889752,92820,085
398,112307,020
518,841
9,023,446
7,056,4616.821,0095,057,9501 763,059
235,4521,189 556
777,429
1,200 283_.
7 988 500... ._
6 838 324
5 385 9785 281 622
4,968,706
3,923,4983,729,4192,811,084
918,335194,079662,775312.433
.653,123
.
.
4 338,625. _
3 707,290
2 960 0762 875 805
4,054,740
3.132,9633,091,5902,246,866
844,7244i,373
523.181394.996
546,560
3 649,815i
3 131,034
2 4299022 405 817
Privately controlled institutionsAll students '2,235,229'1,283,804
'
951,425..,
Degree credit students , 2,185,122 1,261,416Undergraduate and first-professional students 1,670A83, 963,422
Undrgraduae students '1,539,387 853,614tFull time 1,3N1,207' 726,230,
*Part time 219,180 127.384!First professional students 131,096 109.808
Graduate students 337,142 208,473,unons,died students 177,497 89,5211
Non - degree i redo students I 50,107; 22,388(
923,706
707,061685,773593,97791,79621,288
128,66987.976
27t719
SOURCE U S n1),Irtrrlr 1 if Iv( Wolf N rhoni Conte, for Filucation Statistics Fall Entionment rn HigherEthic atwo 1974
hl
9 3
-
A
Table 84.Firsttime degree-credit enrollment in institutions of higher education, by sex andby control of institution: United States, fall 1946 to fall 1975
Year TotaiEnrollment,
by sexEnrollment, by con-trot of institution Year Total
Enrollment,by sex
Enrollment, by con-trot of institution
Men Women Public Private Men Women Public Private
1 2 3 . 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6
1946.. ' 696,419 ' 499,532 ' .196,887 (2) (21 1961 . . j 1,018,361 591,913 426,448 648,236 370,1251947 .. 592,846 399,972 192,874 298,508 294,338 1962 1,030,554 598.0P9 432,455 669,728 360,8261948 567,191 368,940 198,251 295,135 272,056 1963 . 1,046,417 604,282 442,135 686,861 359,5561949 554,608 355,319 199,289 298,515 256,093 1964 1,224,840 701,524 523,316 814,664 410,1761950. 512,427 317,163 195,264 281,911 230,516 1965 1,441,822 829,215 612,607 990,021 451,801
1951 467,999 278,092 189,907 259,560 208,439 1966' 1,378,000 787,000 591,000 947,000 431,0001952 532,310 321,310 211,000' 304,518 227,792 1967' 1,439,000 814,000 625,000 1,024,000 415,0001953 . 565,969 341,761 224,208 331,656 234,313 1968 1,629,751 924,580 705,171 1,200,784 428,9671954 624,910 382,852 242,058 371,706 253,204 1969 ,1,748,655 985,719 762,936 1,309,359 439,2961955 668,064 414,571 253,493 398,423 269,641 1970 1,780,119 983,794, 796,325 1,337,896 442,223
1956 714,966 441,525 273,441 427,611 287,355 1971 1,765,625 9t,,,859' 797,766 1,339,177 426,4481957 721,547 440,613 280,934 431,858 289,689' 1972 1,740,433 928,804 811,034 1,322,564 417,8741958 772,292 463,865 308,427 471,712 300,580 1973 1,756,854 930,783 826,071. 1,322,903 417,5351959 818,280 486,057 332,223 498,652 319,628 1974 1,854,442 972,707 881,735 1,435,981 418,4611960 '923,069 539,512 383,557 577,744 345,325 1975' 1,893,000 991,000 902,000 1,474,000 419,000
' Estimated'Data not available
.,
NOTE -Beginning in 1960, data are for 50 States and theDistrict of Columbia,' for earlier years, for 48 States and theDistrict of Columbia Beginning tfl 1953, enrollment figuresinchifie extension students
11
.....,,..,
1.,
,1SOURCES U $ Department of Health, Education,and Welfare,National Center for Education Statistics, Fall Enrollment inHigher Education, and estimates of the National Center forEducation Statistics
:1I
1
at
I
COLLEGE FRESHMAN CLASS OF 1974
The American college freshman class, describedbiographically and demographically as 01 the fall of1974, is the subject of a repon compiled under theauspecs of the American Council on Education andthe University of California at Los Angeles. Titled 11wAmerican Freshman National Norms lor Fall 1974the report presents findings of the ninth tq a series ofannual studies of first-time, full-time college students.A sampling of some significant statistics follows'
Nearly three-fourths of these freshmen were 18
years of age, and more than 90 percent were either 18or 19 years old (as of December 317-1974), with themen tending to be slightly older than the women. Fourpercent of the men had previous military sersice.compared with 0.8 percent of the women Seven
percent of the students were Black, and 6 percentbelonged to other minority racial backgroundsNinety-eight percent of the men and women reportedthat they were uomarried
Nintey -three percent of the women and 91 percentof the men graduated from high school in 1974
Almost one-half of the »omen .and one-third of the'Nen had an aserage grade of B+ or better In highschool. Only 10 potent of the men and lc perceru ofthe women said they contemplated leio.ine. uliuolbefore obtaining a bachelork degree Fifty -one percentsaid they expetted to study toil, graduate or pr. )tes.mortal degree, men 135 petcent anotipated adsantedstudy slightly more than ssunien (th rt:Rent
-many of the 1074 c.dlege fresiown had a ',Mill!,background thaiacteriied by relative aftluente Onls24 pettent estunited pmcms' annual intomcless than S10.000. anti roi percent hell sed it to In. in
the range of $10,000 to S24,999. The studentsindicated that 46 Percent of their rattlers and 35percent of their mothers had attended -ollege. AMajority of the fathers were either businessmen orprof essuntals
The American Coiweiron Education conducted asimilar survey of first-time college students in the fallof 1969. When the 1969 and 1974 studies arecompared, several trends appear. For example, thegrade average of all freshmen has risen, with an increaseof 11 percentage points for students maintaining an Aor B average, The proportion of Black first -times.odents has risen from 6.0 to 7.4 percent Politically,55 percent of those questioned professed a "middle-of-the-road" orientation, as compared to 44 percent in1969 A striking difference was apparent in estimatedparemal inconle. Although there was only a $ per-tentage point advance in those earning 510,000 to519,')99 annually, those earning less than 510,000dropped 20 percentage points, and those earning morethan 520,000 increased from 14 to 30 percent.Although the number of students who expressed'some concern- about financing college dropped. thenumber who felt it to be a major concer rose by S'Then Lige points . -
1710 an shman 11-enional ,Vorms for Fall1474, may he put Lhasek,1 for 4 horn the CooperativeInstitutional Research Program, GrAtrate School ofducation. vniversits, ut California, Los Angeles, 40c
litigant Avenue I os Angeles. California 00024,
Figure 9 Characteristics of first time college students-/STRIA I"F D PARENTAL INCOMEAGE
Trt
74 4
Sio,'(X)to514 999
29 0
$15 000 to /$19 999
166 420 000 r )$29 999,
LEO .1 Ei.OEN1 Liu( a II, ''1 asAstcn t
United States, fall 1974
AvER AGE GRADE IN MGR Ct-W.301 N.
S6 we) t,
I S9999
1 \
NA i 3 7
41
9 5
14ablo SS..-Selected characteristics of teatime students in.institutions of 'higher *duration:United States, fall 1974
;Peri:tentage distr,txisoni
Fost ton* tt odent$114111 TOWI Mon Women
TotaljrA by 045.mbr 31 1974
6 or you/,1e'17
.19202122226 or older
F14C141 b*C4(00undWhite. CaucesaoDIa k, Negro, Alf o-Amo,Z1/1/1Afrrotan IrxStan&mental11144,c,an Arftrfg.40 Ch,c4noPuerto R.La Arra, tat'Otht$
Mat ofil $1811...1PrWr.*Iv ma** titN411 l'Oart.ed
Veta italtrt
Yet14if
tether tettue4t,on61110114/141444.h4,1 '411,4
Srme Reef, tootl,:111.140 school gttifloOtPc z-41404;1011/1041. 4,15,dr 114540itp,$:
SomeLollp* 0*.s40.F/05-1115411.-43111 44/. '4,4C444414_44144/44/454
M441144 IN-joe,774d74,1,45414541/545 Jak NI/ ,1 5" .154
SOO* it yin ctti43;114/71114114:44144,04,1(0,,414150t:0447414 1111,^1 t W,,f1Sort',. c14t4.9,Lq.,1111, 111101,SAP11141 91114,1114 4/11:7:'
5.45407,41.1. 44444
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8 I I14 19 912 10 15
886 891 878114 65 85
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t9, 1{1 71098 1 98 2 96 0
97 IS ; 964 09 717. 36 9
lei 8?1,7' lit 13718 9-'29 7 7646 43 414
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173' 173 17422 7? 27
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111 1844 41 44
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AverageI
9, *6,10 h.01, 14b001 t.A Os A 75 t 621A 11 38' 191 is
7671
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8 or J 0 flavo11 0 4.11 7104 11744111410J1104 '
brtsakibbe 131440$ *.t01,*C41.1.4ty
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dt.1\41,11,ft+90444,t d4,4)t 1'4411:47,
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391 381 3985 , 631 109
36/1 1 346 .1977 1 1 7841 7D0SS 1001 697 5 1 941 5344 60' ?,6
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171 ,,44, 44,- y... 1,1111 .1, 4 * 1
A
Table 86.--Enrollment for advanced degreet, by level of enrollment, sex of student,attendance status, ancield of study: United States and outlying areas, fall 1973
Field of study °All
students
First-year students' 4 Students beyond the first year'
.ITotalMen Women iota!
Men Women
Full-time
Part-time
Full-time
Part-time
Full-time
Part.time
Full-time
Part-time
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Enrollment for mister's anddoetor's &grate 408,101 561,860 138,955 172,954 81,188 168,763 344241 129,131 104,958 50,037 62,115
Agriculture and natural t
resources . . . - - . 11,59') 5,686 3936 1-281 470 199 5,913 3,717 1,722 326 148.
Architecture and environ- .
mental- design .. . . 8,577 4,970 3,116 723 899 232 3,607 2.318 534 605 150
Area studies. . 4,228 2,265 910 369 578 408 1,963 812 391 470 290
Biological sciences . 40,087 18,991 8,027 5,034 3,190 2,740 21,096 11,405 4,233 3,768 1,690
8usiness and management 107,874- 69,638 22,938 39,5404 2,748 4,412 38,236 13,557 21,220 1,322 2,137. -
Communications . 7,075 5,081 1,990 1,065 1,202 824 600 380 3501,994 664
Computer and informationsciences . , 9,336 5,279 1,836 2,592 330 521 4,057 1,804 1,759 229 265
Echicat 1011 306,007 715,653 20,674 58,414 25,825 110,680 90,354 14,799 29,309 11,419 34,828
Engineering . 54,530 28,763 13,402 14,495 417 449 25,767 13,998 11,160 388 221
Fine and applied arts 26,999 17,012 5,239 3,190 4,657 3,926 9,987 3,593 1,861 2,699 1,834
Foreign languages - 15,320 7,468 1,322 1,188 2,158 2,800 7,852 2,106 1,322 2,517 1,907
Health prnfessions . 27,292 17,037 4,738 1,867 6,318 4,114 10,255 4,541 1,320 2,948 1,446
Home economics - . 5,975 4,187 264 153 1,541 2.229 1,788 222 129 678 759
Law . ...
. 3,160 2,703 691 1.770 86 156 457 126 303 12 16
Letters 48,862 27,295 6,401 5.135 6,107 9,652 21,567 7,298 4,545 4,963 4,761
Library sciences 14,075 10,513 1,308 825 4,112 4,268 3,562 455 411 962 1,734
Mathematics 1'1,687 9,746 3233 3,305 1,110 2,098 7,941 4,092 2,206 795 848
Physical sciences . 35,995 14,693 8,119 4,327 1,268 979 21,302 14,272 4,626 1,627 777
Psychology .. . 30,883 16,219 5,496 3,901 3,483 3,339 1,1,680 6,214 2,974 3,555 1,937
Public affairs and services . 32,933 22,013 6,690 .5,366 7,045 7.912 10,920 3,442 2,153 4.273 1,052
Social-sciences 74,101 40,343 14,094 13,388 5,616 7,245 33,758 15,091 9,608 5,203 3,856
Theology 11,441 4,965 2,573 1,325 615 452 .6,476 3,420 1,932 523 601
Interdisciplinary studies 14,049 11,340 2,158 3,641' 1,413 4.128 2,709 1,185 640 376 508
Enrollment for forst-profes-ssonal degrees:. . . 208,395 74,605 56,814 5,007 11,518 1,266 133,790 108,884 9,189 14,456 1,261
Dentistry ID D S or 0 M.D 1 19,215 6,1 23 5,698 2 422 1 13,092 12,597 26 465 4
Medicine (M D I 49,511 15,039 12,079 105 2,838 17 34,472 29,543 83 4,831 15
Optometry 10 D I 3,360 857 762 16 78 1 2,503 2.329 41 129 4
Osteopathic medicine ID 0 I 2,779 883 777 26 77 3 1,896 1,775 21 99 1
Podiatry or podiatric medicine(Pod.D,DP,orOPM) . 1,633 553 531 - -- 22 - -- 1 1,080 1,062
Veterinary medicine ID V.M ) - 5,528 1,520 C153 17 346 4 4,008 3,387 14 605 2
Law, general (LL 8 or .1 0 1 103,641 41,347 28.969 4,192 7,070 1,116 62,294 45,976 7,774 7,464 1,080
Theological professions, general(8 D , M Div , Rabbi) 21,030 7,633 6,303 643 569 118 13,397 11,327 '1%214 707 149
Other 1,698 650e
542 6 96 6 1,048 888 16 138 6
' Students with less than 1 ful year of required study for anadvanced degree or its equivalent in part-time study
'Students with 1 or rncr'e ye3rS of required study for an
advanced *wee
SOURCE U S Department of Heal h, Educa ion, and Welfare,' National Center for Education Stati tics, Students Enrolled for
Advanced Degrees, Fall 1973
97
85
Table 87.--Enrollment for master's and doctor's degrees, by field of study:United States and outlying areas, fall 1960 to fall 1973
Field of study 1960 1965 . 1970 1971 1972 1973
1 2 3 4 5 6 7'All fields 314,349 535,332 816,207 836294 1 856,580 906,101
Agriculture, nd natural resources . . . . . . 5,493 8,039 10,432 10,975 11,322 11,599Architecture and environmental design . . . . 585 1,085 5,433 6,262 7,240 8,577Area studies . . . 669 1,4)2 2,262 3,838 4,016 4,228Biological sciences 14,775 27,165 36,499 37,981 38,914 40,087Business and rhanagement . . . . 25,342 50,920 87,487 97,359 98,76? 107,874
Communications . . . ..... . . . . . . . 868 1,190 2,503 5,557 6,153 7,075Computer and information sciences . . . . . . 11 I 816 7,937 8,300 . 8,826 9,336Education . 94,993 150,300 257,605 260,510 275,053 3618,007
Engineering . . . . . ..... . 36,636 57,516 64,788 59,132 56,006 54,530Fine and applied arts . . . . . . . . 6,287 12,539 19,858 23,484 24,890 26,999
Foreign languages . . . . ...... 5,903 13,001 18,567 17,285 16,796 15,320Health professions . . . . . . . . 5,842 8,909 14,242 20,596 23,692 27,292Home economics . . . . . . . , . . . . . 1,580 2,358 4,611 4,939 5,336 5,975Law . . . 1,651 2,465 2,533 2,472 2,870 3,160Letters . . - . . . . . . 18,228 35,214 51,167 50,849 49,382 48,862
Library science . . . . . . . 1,360 8,567 12,416 13,272 13,554 14,075Mathematics . . . . ..... . . 11,770 20,198 22,672 20,547 19,238 17,687Physical sciences .. . . . . . . 25,707 36,506 40,113 38,928 36,047 35,995Psychology . . . . . . . 10,677 15,551 25,342 26,712 29,157 30,899Public affairs and services . 8,235 13,465 19,661 24:138 28,272 32,933
Social sciences . . . . . . . -' 28,373 53,284 76,805 75,337 73,207 74,101Theology . . . . . 5,314 7,028 7,194 9,667 10,334 11,441Interdisciplinary studies . . . . 4,061 7,8P4 26,070 18,154 19,513 14,049
Data not available.
NOTE.-Data for 1960 exclude students enrolled for first-professional degrees, including some master's degrees in suchfields as busihess and commerce, education, library science, and
social work Data fdr subsequent years include all studentsenrolled for master's and doctor's degrees
SOURCE U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare,National tenter for Education Statistics, reports on StudentsEnrolled for Advanced Degrees.
Table 88.--Engineering enrollment in institutions of higher education, by level:United States and outlying areas, fall 1949 to fan 1-974
FallTotal
engineeringenrollment
Level of enrollment, for--
FallTotal
engineeringenrollment
Level of enrollment, for-.
Firstengineering
degree
Master'sdegree'
Doctor'sdegree
Firstengineeringt degree
Master'sdegree'
..
Doctor'sdegree
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 -5
1949 219,712 201,927 15,242 2,543 1964. 2'J9,388 244,607 42,159 12,6221950 180.262 161,592 15,869 2,801 1965 311,567 253,412 44,208 13,9471951 165,637 145,997 16,765 2,875 1969 . - 321,471 254,514 47,087 19,870195 2 176,549 156,080 17,539 2,930 1970 318,995 250,175 49,069 19,751
1953 193,333 171,725 18,607 3,001 1971 . 292,854 229,047 45,097 18,7104*
1954 214,414 192,692 17,441 3,281 1972 270,153 208,876 43,895 17,3821955 243,390 221,448 18,779 3,163 1973 263,903 202,397 44,527 16,0791956 277,052 251,121 22,529 3,402 1974 . 277,987 217,788 45,838 14,3611957 , 297,077 268,761 24,136 4,1801958 289,680 256,779 28,138 4,763
1959 278,348 242.992 21.-1,713 5,6431960 271,850 234,190 31,215 6,4451961 . 272,777 232,104 32,804 7,8691962 275,329 230,730 35,359 9,2401963 281,452 232,001 38,457 10,994
Also includes enroitment for other postgraduate predoctoraldegrees
NOTE -Includes full -time and part-time degree-credit students
SOURCES (1) U S Department of ealth, Education, andWelfare, National Center for Educate* Statistics, EngineeringDegrees (1964-65) and Enriollments (Fall 1965). (2) EngineeringManpuwer Commission of Engineers Joint Council, Engineeringand Technology Enrollments, Fall 1974.
Jai
0
Table 89.--Seleited characteristics of college students 14-to 34 years of age:United States, Octoix r 1974
S
Characteristic Numberthousands)fin Percent Characteristic Number
fin thousands/ Percent
1. 2 3 1- 2 3. .
All students 8,827 100.0 Marital status:Married, spouse present . . . 2,250 25.5
Age: Other 6,577 74.514 and 15 years 5 .1 -
16 and 17 years . 304 3.4 Residence.'18 and 19 years 2,597 29.4 Metropolitan area20 and 21 years 2,192 24.8 lin central cities) 3,029 34.322 to 24 years % 1,527 17.3 Metropolitan area25 to 29 years . ..... . . 1,482 16.8 (outside central cities) . . . 3,905 44,230 to 34 years ...... . . 720 8.2 Nonmetropolitan area . . . . 1,893 2,0
Sex .Male ......... . . . . . 4,926 55.8
Year of college:
Female . . . ..... .
Rate:
3,901It
44.2 firstSecond .
Third
2,5571,9991,422
29.022.6it.. 1
Whit, 7,781 88.1 Fourth 1,360 15.4Black 814 9.2 Fifth 742 8.4Other .. . . . . . . . 232 2.6 Sixth or higher . 748 8.5
I Residence refers to the permanent home address of the studentrather than to where he attends college.
NOTE.-Data are based upon a sample survey of the civiliannoninstitutional population. Because of rounding, details maynot add to totals.
SOURCE U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census,Curren' oopulation Reports, Series P-20, No. 286.
Table 90.--Total enrollment, fall 1974, and degrees conferred, 1971.72, in institutionsattended predominantly by Black students: United States
Item , Total 4-year institutions' a2-year . ,itutions
Total.
Public Private Total Public Private
1 2 3 4 5 7 6
Number of institutions_
Total enrollment . . .
Men .
Women .. .... . ..
Full-time enrollment-- . . . .
MenWomen . . . ' .
Part-time enrollment .
MenWomen . .
Earned degrees conferredBachelor's and first professional . .
Men . .
Women ..Master's .
Men . .
Women . .
Doctor's . .
Men . .
Women
120 90 37 53 30 20 '` '0
288,201 197,284 137,530 59,754 90,917 88,678 2,2. i
134,213153,988
- 93,791103,493
65,11572,415
28,67631,078
40,42250,495
39,29549,3E2
"171-27-1,112
195.094 156,036 101,572 54,464 39.058 37,21 1,842
96,27498,820
75,80380,233
49,45552,117
26,34828,116
20,47;18,587
le,44717,769
1,024818=
93,107 41,248 35,958 5,290 51,859 51,462 397
37,93955,168
17,98823,260
15,66020,298
2,3282,962
19,95131,908
19,84831,614
103294
26,270 26,270 16,224 10,046 - - - -.
- - - - - - - -
11,02715,243
11,02715,243
6,7439,481
4,2845,762
- - -- - - -
- - -- - - -
- - - -- - -
4,951 4,951 3,502 1,449 - - - - - - - - - - -
2,0822,869
2,0822,869
''''1,,5061,996
576873
- - - -- - -
- - - -- - - -
- - - -- - - -
28 28 - - - - 28 - - - - -,- - - -
253
253
---
- - - -
253
- - - -
- - --- - - -- - - -
- - -
- - - -
' Colleges and universities offering bachelor's and/or advanced SOURCES U S. Departmen of Health Education, and Welfare,degrees National Center for Education Statistics, Fall Enrollment in
Higher Education, 1974, and Earned Degrees Coplerred,1971-72.NOTE -Total enrollment includes students whose programs of
study are creditable toward a bachelor's or higher degree.,bndalso undergraduate students in 1-, 2-, or 3-year occupationalprograms which are not creditable towaro a bachelor's degree
87
99
.9v
Table 91, -- Two -year institutions with degree-credit programs, by type of control, enrollmentgand sex:United States, fall. 1947 to fall 1974
Year
Number of institutionsby type of control
Degree-credit .enroll-ment
Enrollment by -
type of control
.
Enrollmentby sex
ri-Total Public Private Public Private Men Women
..1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
.1947. .480 250 230 -222,045 163,005 59,040 ,. 152,003 70,0421948 492 257 235 210,977. 153,970 57,007 139,630 71,347
1949 518 275 243 229,001 170,689 58,312 151,191 77,8101960 528 299 229 217,403 167,874 49,529 1 $9,868 77,5351951 511 294 217 199,997 156,239 43,758 120,801 79,196
1952 525 299 226 238,222 191,602 46,620 142,459 95,7631953 -518 293 225 -258,241 210,006 48,235 155,806 102,4351954 474 277 197 282,433 241,145 41,288 171,752 110,681
1955 467 275 192 308,411 265,326 43,085 196,671 111,740
1956 482 278 204 347,345 297,621 49,724 225,636 121,710
1957 . .. ..... ... .. 490 283 207 368,998 315,990 53,008 237,617 131,381
1958 495 290 205 385,436 330,881 54,555 247,942 137,4941959 508 310 198 409,195 355,967 53,228 259j 149,691
1960. ...... . ... -.... 521 315 206 451,333 ' 392,310 59,023 282,155 169,1781961 524 329 195 517,925 456,381. 61,544 320,156 197,769
1962 561 349 212 589,529 519,257 70,272 365,624 223,9051963 573 357 216 624,789 551,308 73,481 386,660 238,1291964 617 389 228, 710,868 620,859 90,009 439,509 271,3691965 633 399 234 841,437 737,890 103,547 521,846 319,591
1966' . .. . . . 700 450 250 945,000 840,600...
105,000-
577,000 368,000
1967' 735 495 240 1,075,000 966,000 109,000 653,000 422,0001968 . . .... 802 548 254 1,289,993 1,169,635 120,358 782,602 507,391
1969 . . .. .. . .. . ... 813 577 236 1,528,429 1,412,610 115,819 910,631 617,7981970 827 603 224 1,629,982 1,519,762 110,220 953,961 676,021
1971 854 637 217 1,725,321 1,622,706 102,615 1,003,172 722,149
1972 . . . . . . . . '883 671.. - 2t2 1,791,854 1,694,465 97,389 999,238 792,616
-4979 . .. . .. 929 709 220 1,921,726 1,829;211 92,515 1,048,458 873,268
1974 973 763 210 2,198,294 2,104,126 94,168 1,174,797 1,023,497
I Estimated. The total number of 2year institutions, includingthose offering non-degree-credit programs exclusively, was 752in 1966 and 786 in 1967.
oNOTE -Beginning in 1960, data are for 50 States and theDom of Columbia, data for earlier years are for 48 States andthe District of Columbia. Beginning in 1953, enrolIrmnt figures
'1
the District of Columbia. Beginning in 1953, enrollment figuresinclude extension degree-credit students.
> SOURCE U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare,National Center for Education Statistics, Fall Enrollment inHigher Education.
o
103
88 ..
a
Tab
le 9
2,--
His
toric
al s
umm
ary
of fa
culty
, stu
dent
s, d
egre
es, a
nd fi
nanc
es in
inst
itutio
ns o
f hig
her
educ
atio
n: U
nite
d S
tate
s, 1
869-
70 to
1971
-72
Item
1869
-70
1879
-80
1889
-90
1899
-190
019
09-1
019
19-2
002
9-30
1939
-40
1949
-50
1959
-60
1969
-70
1971
-72
12
34
,56
78
910
1112
13
Tot
al
Tot
alM
enW
aim
ea
Tot
alM
enW
omen
Bac
helo
r's a
nd fi
rst-
prof
essi
onal
Tot
alM
enW
omen
Mas
ter's
exc
ept f
irst-
prof
essi
onal
7T
otal
Men
W o
men
Doc
tor
'sT
otal
Men
Wom
en
Tot
al c
urre
nt in
com
eE
duca
tiona
l and
gen
eral
inco
me
Tot
al c
urre
nt e
xpen
ditu
res
Edu
catio
nal a
nd g
ener
al e
xpen
ditu
res
Val
ue o
f phy
sica
l pro
pert
yE
ndow
men
t and
oth
er n
onex
pend
able
fund
s'
Inst
rtut
oons
5631
8111
9981
977
951
1,04
111,
409
1,70
811,
8511
2,00
812,
5281
2,66
5
Fac
ulty
'
'5,5
53'1
1,52
2'1
5,80
923
,868
36,4
8048
,615
82,3
8614
6,92
924
6,72
238
0,55
42
825,
000
907
PO
O
'4,8
87'6
66'7
,328
,4,1
94'1
2,70
4'3
.105
19,1
514,
717
29,1
321
35,8
0i60
,017
7,34
812
,808
22,3
6910
6,32
8'
40,6
0118
6,18
929
6,77
360
,533
83,7
81,0
00
12,0
0027
07,0
0022
00,0
09
Res
iden
t deg
ree-
cred
it en
rollm
ent'
,.
252,
286
2115
.817
I 156
,756
237,
592
'355
,213
597,
880
1,10
0,73
7-1,
494,
203-
2,65
9,02
13,
215,
544
'7,1
36,0
75'7
,950
,526
'41
160
'11,
126
'77,
972
2 37
,845
2100
,453
56,3
0315
2,25
485
,338
2214
,648
2140
,565
314,
936
282,
942
619,
935
480,
802
893,
250
600,
953
1,85
1,06
880
5,95
3'2
,079
,788
51,1
35,7
56'4
,247
,018
`2,8
89,0
5764
,549
,470
3,40
1,05
6
Ear
ned
degr
ees
conf
erre
d
9,37
112
,896
15,5
3927
,410
37,1
9948
,622
122,
484
186,
500
432,
058
392,
440
827,
234
930,
684
7.99
31,
378
10,4
112,
485
12,8
572,
682
22,1
735,
237
28,7
628,
437
31,9
8016
,642
73,6
1648
,869
109,
546
76,9
5432
8,84
110
3,21
725
4,06
313
8,37
748
4,17
434
3,06
054
1,31
338
9,37
1
087
91,
015
1,58
32,
113
4,27
914
,969
26,7
3158
,183
74,4
3520
8291
251,
633
0 086
8 1182
119
41,
280
303
1,55
555
82,
985
1,29
48,
925
6,04
416
,50d
10,2
2341
,220
16,9
6350
,898
23,5
3712
5,62
482
,667
149,
550
102,
083
154
149
382
443
615
2,29
93,
290
6,42
094
29:
29,8
6633
,363
051
314
7 235
9 2339
9' 4
452
2 931,
946
353
2,86
142
95,
804
616
8,80
11,
028
25,8
903,
976.
28,0
905,
273
Fin
ance
s in
thou
sand
s of
dol
lari)
I') (*I
Is}
(' (*)
I') ('1
I
1'1
$21,
464 ('I
95,4
2678
,788
(I)
$35,
084
- 25
3,59
919
4,99
E1
576,
883
67,9
17 I')/
460,
532
323,
661
5199
,922
172,
929
741,
333
569,
071
5554
,511
483,
065
507,
142
377,
903
2,06
5,05
01,
512,
023
5715
,211
571,
288
674,
088
521,
990
'2,7
53,7
801,
76,0
04
52,3
74,6
451,
833,
845
2,24
5,66
11,
706,
444
4,79
9,96
42,
644,
323
55,7
85,5
374,
688,
352
5,60
1,-1
764,
513,
208
13,4
48,5
4B5,
571,
121
521,
515,
242
16,4
86,1
7721
,043
,113
15,7
88,6
9942
,093
,580
'' 1
0,85
3,81
6
526,
34-2
5920
,200
,269
25,5
59,5
6019
,200
,505
50,1
53,2
51'
11,9
83,2
08
Tot
al n
umbe
r of
diff
eren
t ind
ivid
uals
(no
t red
uced
to fu
ll -t
ime
equi
vale
n I
Beg
inni
ng in
195
9.60
,. d
ata
are
for
the
first
term
of t
he a
cade
mic
yea
r2
Est
imat
ed'P
relim
inar
y da
tatU
nles
s ot
herw
ise
indi
caje
d, in
clud
es s
tude
nts
enro
lled
at a
ny ti
me
durin
g th
e ac
adem
ic y
ear
Dat
a fo
r fir
st te
rm o
f the
aca
dem
ic y
ear
'Ope
ning
tall
enro
llmen
t'B
egin
ning
in 1
969-
70, i
nclu
des
all m
aste
r's d
egre
es`D
ata
not a
vaila
ble
Incl
udes
une
xpen
ded
plan
t fun
ds
' °B
ook
valu
e.E
ndow
men
t fun
ds o
nly
NO
TE
-B
egIn
ning
in 1
959-
60, i
nclu
des
Ala
ska
and
Haw
aii
SO
UR
CE
S. U
.S D
epar
tmen
t of H
ealth
, Edu
catio
n, a
nd W
elfa
re, N
atio
nal C
ente
r fo
r E
duca
tion
Sta
tistic
s, B
ienn
ial S
urve
y of
Edu
catio
n in
the
Uni
ted
Sta
tes,
Fac
ulty
an
1 O
ther
Pro
fess
iona
l Sta
ffin
Inst
itutio
ns o
f Hig
her
Edu
catio
n, C
ompr
ehen
sive
Rep
ort o
n E
nrol
lmen
t in
Hig
her
Edu
catio
n;F
all E
nrol
lmen
t in
Hig
her
Edu
catio
n,E
arne
d D
egre
es C
onfe
rred
; Fin
anci
al S
tatis
tics
of In
sti-
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ns o
f Hig
her
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catio
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ta.
SELECTED( CHARACTERIPSTICS OF COLLEGE FACULTY MEMBERS
A recent report from the American Council onEducation describes in considerable detail the demo-graphic Characteristics, professional backgrounds, andacademic activities of the teaching faculty in collegesand universities in 1972-73. While college teachers are'obviously a diverse group, a composite picture of the
Npical faculty member emerges from the report.The typical American college teacher is a White
male between the ages of 31 and 50. He holds at least amaster's degree, and he has attained the' rank ofassistant professor or above. He earns nearly $15,000 ayear. but this figure is inflated somewhat by the factthat a sizable number of teachers are employed for I 1or 12 months a year rather than the traditional 9 or 10months.
The typical college teacher received his highestacademic degree in the 1960's, and he also beganservice with his present employer in the 1960's. Hisprincipal occupation is classroom teaching rather thanadministration or research, and he likes his work. If hehad a chance to start all over again in a new job or adifferent academic discipline, he would decline theopport unity .
The Carnegie Commission on the Future of Highereducation and the American Council on Education
\-i.onducted a similar survey of college faculty in
.. e
1968-69. When the 1968-69 find 1972-73 studies arecompared, the following trends are apparent: Duringthe 4.1-year period, the age of college faculty membersincreased7a larger percentage of teachers were 41 yearsold or over in 1972-73, and a smaller proportion wereunder 41. The percentage of women on collegefaculties increased front 19 to 20. The proportion ofBlack faculty' members rose from 2 to 3 percent. Tnepercentage of teachers with the rank of professor orassociate professor increased from 42 to 51 percent,while the proportion with the raWc of instructordefined Froms20 to 13 percent. Possibly reflecting thegrowth of enrollment and staff in 2-year colleges, the
. percentage of faculty members holding a professionalor doctor's degree declined substantially between1968.69 dnd 1972-73.
A great deal of additional information appears intwo reports. College and University Facuk v: A Statis-tical Description and Teaching Faculty in Academe1972-73, both by Alan E. Bayer. They may bepurchased from the American Council on Education. 1Dupont Circle, Washington, D.C. 20036.
ig
Figure 10.Selectr characteristics of teaching faculty in colleges and universities:United States, 1972-73
W. VANCE GRANTSpecialist in educational statistics
,SOURCF -4meitcan Council on Education, Research Repoit Vol 8, No 2
90
102
Teaching Faculty in Academe 1972-73.
At
o Table 93.-Estimated full-time and part-time resident instructional stiff in institutions ofhigher education, by academic rank: United States, fal1,1960 to fall 1975
[In thousands]
Fall of--Total residentinstructional
staff
Instructor or above Junior instructional staff
Total Full -time Part-time Total Full-time Part-time
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1960 r 276 236 154 82 40 8 32
1961 292 248 162 86 44 9 35
1962 312 265 173 92 47 10 37
1963 . .. , 331 281 184 97 50 10 40
1964 . .. ......... . . 3S7...
'' 307 212 95 '` 60 12
-15---
48
1965 412 -339 ° 248 91 --TT17
-- --5867
1966 445 3$1 278 830 , 84
1967 484 299 90 95 14 81'.
1968 . .. .. ...... . .. 523 427 331 95 96 16 80
1969 546 448 349 99 98 15 83
1970 574 472 368 104 102 15 87
1971 . . 580 483 373 110 97 1.2 85
1972 592 499 380 119 93 9 . 84
1973 600 508 389 119 92 8 84
1974 633 536 411 125 97 9 88
1975 654 554' 424 130 100 9 91
NOTE.-Because of rounding, details may not add to totals. Professional Staff in Institutions of Higher Education; Numbers.,,, and Characteristics of Employees in Institutions of Higher
SOURCES. U.S Department of Health, Educatidn, and WelArr ; 'education; Teaching and Research Staff by Academic Field in '
Nationil Center for Education Statistics, Faculty and Other ksritunons of Higher Education, Fall 7968; and unpublished.. data
4 ,Table 94.-Employeet in institutions of highereducati by 1Iiie of position, sex, and program
function: United States anoutlyin as, fall 1972
, Program funct 1
Type of position c,
f-Professions' ,
Totalnonorb-fessiortalTotal
Executive,4admimstrative,
and managerial
InstructionalOther
professionalFaculty
Teachingassistants and
associates
Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 . 10 11
All programsFulttime 613,145 63,235 18,468 313,579 -91,989 7,648 3,705 65,582 48,939 546,307
Part-time 274,020 4,331 1,553 91,375 39,277 78,500 30,499 18,049 10,436 1.55,314
Full-time-equivalent .. 717,911 65,149 19,342 345,035 106,504 38,143 15,337 73,919 4,486 610,725
InstructionFull-time 417,041 11,031 2,401 296,131 87,054 5,593 2,900 6,126 5,805 70,482
Part-time 207,989 941 289 83,882 35,648 59,582 24,789 1,442 1,416 27,339
Full-time-equivalent . 481,985 11,605 2,548 320,980 99,293 27,880 12,125 6,899 6,655 81,708,
Organized research.
Full-time 35,916 2,407 453 9,623 1,466- 1,42k 482 14,855 5,205 34,280
Part-time .. . 32,252 490 99 2,166 600 14,575 3,338 8,461 2,473 14,454
Full-time-equivalent , 52,525 2,584 494 12,324 1,958 7,779 1,924 19,003 6,459 41,101
Public service 0 4
Full-time . . 22,417 2,183 600 3,619 1,207 109 60 8,488 '' 6,151 24,320
Part-time 10,129, 3984..1 200 3,988 2,235 451 305 1,387 1,165 9,381
Full-time-Ouivalent 27,269 2,394 718 5,621 2,184 320 200 9,083 6,749 28,23;
Academic support, student service,and institutional support
t
Full-time . 137,771 47,614 15,014 4,206 2,262 521 263 36,113 31,778 417,225
Part-time . 23,650 2,502 965 1,339 794 3,892 2,017 6,759 5,382 104,140
Full-time-equivalent . 150,132 48,562 15,582 6,110 3,069 2,164 1,088 38,934 34,623 459,681
SOURCE U S Department of Health, Education, and Welfare National Center for Education Statistics, Numbers of Employees in
/nstitutions of Higher Education, Fall 7972
91
103
e .
Table 95.rofessional background and academic activity of collegefaculay member!, ky type of inatittetnn end by sevUnited States, 1972-73
(Percentage distribuhon I
0 ,...
I tenAll institutions \
N Universities1...
4year colleges 2.year colleges'
Tbtal Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Woman
i 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8` 9 10 11 12 13p.
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1010 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
r
Highest degree currently held _4
Nona, less than B A. . 1 3 1 3 1 0 1 di 1 1 0 4 0 6 0.5 0 7., 3.3 3.6 2.3Bachelor's 4.9 4.5 6 5 5 1 4 9 6.3 3.2 2 8 4.3 8.2 7.3 10.9Master's . . . 44.9 40.8 61 6 30 8 25.0 59.9 47.0 44.3 56 8 73 5 73.6 73.2LL$ , J D , other professional ,
(except medical) . -5.0 3-1- 2-9- -a:a54 37 61 6-6 38 g/ 51 36Doctorate (except medical, Ed D ,
or Ph.D ) . 1.5 1.6 1 2 1 6 ik1.7 1.0 1.8 1 8 1.6 1 0 1 1 0 9Ed D .4. 30 31 26 2,7 Z7 2.7 38 40 3.1 1.6 17 1.4Medical (M D or D D S) 1 1 1 2 0.5 2 3 2 5 1 1 b 1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.2Ph D . 302 338 156 402 449 164 31 4 342 21 5 4.3 4.5 3.4(No answer) '` 8 1 8 3 7 4 10 3 10 6 8.5 7 3 7 1 8.2 4 7 4.9 4.0
Year highest degree received _ S'Before 1940 44 46 34 60 63 47 3.5 3.7 29 2.4 2.4- 2.21940-1949 9 0 9.4 7.4 11.6 11 8 10.6 7 6 ,8.0 6 5 5.7 6 2 4 11950-1959 24 3 25 5 19 1 26.2 27 7 10 7 22 7 23 5 20 0 22 9 24.4 18.1
1960-1969 46.5 45.4 50 7 43 6 42.4 49.8. 48 5 47.8 t'50 8 489 47.9 51.91970-present . . 10 5 9 8 1 2 9 8 5 7.8 11 6 12 5' 12.1 13 8 10 9 10.1 13.5No higher degree, or no answer 55 52 65 41 40 47 51 49 60 92 8.9 102
Major field of highest degreeBusiness . . . 4,1 47 19 32 37 09 47 55 20 50 55 35Education (including physicatand
health education) 148 12.6 234 11 3 91 21 9 163 13.9 24 8 198 188 229Biological sciences (including .
agriculture) 68 74 43 92 10 1 47 49 5.1 42 51 54 41Phylical sciences (including -
mathematics/statistics, and computersciences) .
,
115 133 43 108 )23 30 124 146 44 114 13.0 62Engineering (including architecture/
design) 63 78 04 89 105 08 46 58 03 40 53 001'Social sciences (including psychology
and geograbhi) 124 133 8.6 131 142 74 139 141 ' 87 95 92 105Fine arts , 8 4 8 3 9 2 7 2 7 0 8.4 98 11.6 7 7 8 2 5 9Humanities 17 6 16 8 20 6 f4 3 14 0 15 7 214 20 5 23 9 17.7 16 2 22.3Health sciences 4 6 3 2 10 2 '8.2 6 6 16 4 1 5 0 5 5.1 3 0 0.6 10 1
Other professions (including socialwork, law, journalism, libraryscience) 40 37 49 53
,
51 62 37 33 51 14 10 26All other fields (including home
economics, industrial arts, vocational.technical) 27 21 54 28 1 7 8.4- 2.0 1 5 36 42 43 3.8
None, no higher degree (including -
no answer) 67 67 66 58 57 62 55 53 63 114 12.5 8.1
Principal activity of current positionAdministration . 114 122 $5 128 13 7 86 120 125 100 69 75 52Teaching 82 2 81 2 86 5 75 8 74 2 83 5 85 4 84 9 87 2 90 6 90.8 89 8Research ? 42 48 16 35 95 37 1 3 15 06 03 OZ 04Other 22 19 34 29 26 42 14 11 22 22 15 46
Employment status for current academicyear
run time 95 3 96 1 91 8 9J 0 94 8 89 2 95 4 96 5 91 4 98 2 988 96.3Part time, more than half time 1 3 0 9 2 9 1 6 1 2 3 8 1 4 0 9 3 2 0 5 0 3 1 2Half time 1 2 08 27 1 3 09 35 1 4 10 29 06 04 1 2
Less thon half time 2 2 2 1 2 6 3 2 3 1 3 5 1 9 1 7 2 5 0 7 0 6 1 3
92
1 0 :1
Table 96.-Professional background and academic activity of college faculty members,1311.tyge of institution and by sex:.
['Percentage attribugonlUnited States, 1974.-73-(optinued)
J
Item. ,
oils.:
All institutions Universities 4-year col eges 2-year co legas
Total Men Women Total Men_
Vygmen Total Men %mon Total Men Women,
=. . r ..
1. ii,,..2 3 4.. 5 6 7
t8 9 10 11 -12. 13
, I
Present rank . . IPiofessor 26.4 30 3 11.0' -36 2 40 9 12.3 24.3 27.8 11.9 8 0 a 7.4,
Associate professor . 24.3 25.1 21.0 25,4 26 4 20.4 27 2 27 8 24 9 15.5 15.8 14.6
Assistant professor 25.3 23.8 31 2 24.4 22 3 35 1 32 2 30.8 37.1 12.9 12.5 13.9
instructor . . . . 4;1.2 104 24.3 87 5.9 22.8 f0.8 8.6 18.4 29.0 26.2 37.8'
Lecturer .. . . 2.6 2 2 4 0 3.2 2 7 5.8 2.8 2.4 4.3 0.4 0.4 0.4..
Do rrot-hold rank designation . 6 7 6.8 6-4 0 g 06 0.4 1 6 1 6 1.6 32.1 34.4 25.0
Other rank A 1.6 1.4 2 1 1 7 14 3.2 1.1 1 0 1.8 9.1 21 1.0
Numt,er of hours per week in scheduledteaching
-
None, or no answer 6.6 6 4 7.6 7.2 7 1 7.9 6.2 5.9 7.1 6.4 5.8.:
8 0
1 to 4 hours 11.8 12.5 9.0 178 18.8 12.9 9.0 9.2 8.6 3.7 3.7 35
5 to 8 hours . 21.8 -23 2 ^16 2 32.6 34 6 22.5 17.5 18.0 15.8 5.9 5,5 .2.2
9 to 12 hours . . 28 3 28.3 28 1 252 24.5 28 7 39.6 40.5 36.6 11.4 11.5 11.1
13 to 16 hours . . . 173 16.2 21 9 8.8 77 143 175 172 18.8 367 357 400
17 hours or more 14 1 13 3 17 1 8 4 7.3 13.6 10 1 9.3 13 1 35.9 37.7 30.2
. -.
Current base institutional salary. °'
56,500 or less 2 7 2 0 5 7 2.9 2.3 6 1 2.9 2 1 6.3 1.7 0 9 4 1
56,600-59,500 7 0 4 4 17 6 4.3 2 2 14 7 '9 2 6.0 21.5 8.7 6.6 15.5
59,600-411,500 . ,. 12.5 10,4 21 4 9.0 6.4 22 0 16 9 15.3 22.8 J1.6 9.6 18 0
511,600-S13,500 - ,. 164 162 17.3 139 128 191 194 204 157 15.9 155 172'
513,600-515,500 15 8 16.5 13 1 15 0 15 1 14 6 , 15 1 16.3 10 6 19.1 29.4 15 0
515,600-517,500 132 142 89 126 132 94 10.4 11.5 6.0 205 22.7 133
517,600-S19,500 9 9 10.9 5.5 10.6 11 8 4 5 7.3 50 4,7 13.4 15 0 8 4
519,600-521,500 6.8 7 7 2 8 8 8 9 9 3 4 6 0 69 2.6 3 7 4 2 2.4
371,600-524,500 6.1 7 0 2 3 8 9 1113 1 7 5 0 5.2 3 9 1 8 2 2 0 5
$24,gb0 or more 97 108 54 141 160 46 7.9 -8.4 60 .3.5 29 56
Salary basis '1-
9/10 months . . 66 8 66 2 69 0 60 1 59 3 64 3 68 4 68 7 67 5 78 9 78 5 79 9
11/12 months 332 338 310 399 407 357 316 31 3 325 211 215 20.1
NOTE - Data are ,based upon a sample survey Because of rounding SOURCE American Council on Education Resea ch Report Vol
Percents may hot add to 100 0 8, No 2, Teaching Faculty in,Academe 1972-n
10593
a
A
/
Table 96.-Denrogiiphis and background characteristics of, college faculty members, by type ofsinstitution and by sex:United States, spripp4989 0[Percentage distribution)
t.
Item
4)
' All institutions Universities 4year colleges 2year.
collafies...----Men (WymanTotal Men Woinen Totil Men Women Total Men Women Total
'le.
4
e .,
2' 3 ;4 , 5 6 7 dB 9 10 11 12
.
12
k
Total '..
,Age
Over 60 (born before 1909)51.60iborn 1909.19181 --, .
41.50 (born 191942281 . .
36-40 (born 1929.19331 , .
31.35 (born 1934.1938) . .
30 or less (born after 1938) .
RaCe .White .. . . . .
BlackOriental .
Other ..... ,
CitizenshipNot U S citizen .
1., S citizen, naturalized .
U S citizen, native
Father's educationaLartaintnentEigtith grade or lessSome high schoolCompleted high schoolSome collegeCollege graduate . ..., .
Some graduate schoolAdvanced degree .
Religious backgroundprotestant .
CatholicJewish,
Other 'Ill None ,
No answer
Current relationProtestant ..Catholic -JewishOtherNone .
No answer
Mar ,ItalaStatUS
Currently marriedDivorced, separated, widowedNever married
NumbVet "childrenNone '-' .
One
TwoThree or more
. . .
.
.
.
..
.
yr,
?
.
.
.
.
1.
100.0 lotto 100.0. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1000.
160.0 100.0 Imo
- 7.715.726.716.517.416.0
96 32.21.3Cr.3
'2.85 3
90.9
29 114 317 512 69 7-.4
11 4
64.14 .16 9
9 73 33227es,
47 913 5705 9.
20.74.9
79 34 8
15 9
36 115923 724 3
I7.3 9.3
15'21 18.526.7 26.617 3. 1,13.0)84,....32 815.0 19 7
Ip.6 94 71 8 3 91.3 11
' 03 0 3
a
4.0 2.85:5 4.6
90 5 92.6
30,0 25 614 4 13 7
17.5 17 4:12.4 13 /94 10.05.0 7.i
11 1 12 6
63.9 65.415.9 213
.00,4 67' 341 2 7
33 2.4.30 ' 12
47 1 51 412 2 19 21 73 54
61 52219 15654 31
87 0 47.43 0 12.4
10.0 40.1
29 3 65 3-167 12326 3 12927 7 9 6
7.415.727.117j,1114.6
.
97.70 51 60.?
-4.85.6
89 6-
26.113.5?7 313.1
11.05.8
°13 1
67 613010.1
3.3, 37
23.
48.99 66460
23.747
83 24 1
12 7
32 315725 4
.26 6
7.215027.3
011..3
18.613.4
97.70.416I/3
5 1
5 689 2
36.913.617.21.2 9
10.95.5
13 0
,
66.81271073.4372.6
47 89.27362
.24649
89.42 77 9
26.216427 729 7
8.6 .1,9.4
25 811.713.3,21.1
97.71.0
1.00.2
3.1
5 391.6
'
21 913.317.714.211 7Z.5
13 8 '
72 21486.22 633
- 09
55 812 24951
-1883.4
48 112 1
39 8
67.312012.08 7
8.515.625 715.917.1
17.0
93.55.01.20.4
'3.35 6
91.1
30 515.017.1
12.29.05.6
10.7
59.419.911.5
3.2`2930
.
45.116 486
, 5 6190
5.3
ta 95.7
19 4
40.616022.021 4
,
7.915.025.616.41E4416.7
94.24.21.20.4
3.35.8
90 9
31.515 417 412.28.74 9
' 9.9.
59.3,18612.33.3.3.1
3.4,
44.614 7
9.057
26.2"58
0
83 73.5
12.8
33 716924 325.1
10.417.726.414:512.8 ,18.1
'
91.37.40.90.2
.
3.2'4.9
91 9
26 713.616.012.310 1
7.8' 13.3
59 72438.92.92.5.
1.6
46.722 475
" 5,1
1503.3
'45 612 941.5
64.812.813 88 6
. 6.616.1
28.014.616.618.0
98.40 70.50.3
.0.93 8
95.3
37.115.1
19.312.1
8.53.26.6
.
64.3234333 62.23.1
52.020.1246.8-
13.85 0
I
76 75 2
18 1
38.016.322523,1
-6.2
15.227.615.518.317.2
.99.1
0.50.20.2
0.84.3
94.8
39 415 219 1
10 8.6.7
, 2 76.1
64.4218-
3.7333
2.43.8
51.417.8
2.67.1-
15.06.0
86.02 eel
11 2
29.718.025926 3
8.018.529.012.211.920.3
.96.7
1.41,.4
0.5
1 3±.2
96.5
30 515.020.115.95.84 5
.8,2
64 1282
2.2'2.81413
,-
53.526 8
1656
1b,1/.,
21
50.312.237 5
61 911.512713 9
NOTE -Data are based upon a sample urvey by the 'Carnegie SOURCE American Counc Ion Education, Research Repo t Vol 5,
Commission on the Future of Higher Education and the American No 5, College and Unwervty Faculty .4 Stetntwal DescopPonCouncil on Education Because of rounding, percentages may not June 1970
add to 100 0
94
1 3'1
L.
L
.4b
Tab
le 9
7. -
Num
ber
and
aver
age
sala
ry o
f ful
l-tim
e in
stru
ctio
nal f
acul
ty o
n9
- 10
-mon
th c
ontr
acts
in in
stitu
tions
of h
ighe
r ed
ucat
ion,
by
type
of
inst
itutio
n ac
adem
ic r
ank,
and
sex
: Uni
ted
Sta
tes,
197
4-75
Ran
k an
d se
x
---.
-
.
Tot
alO
nive
rspe
sO
ther
mst
itutio
rsN
umr
of._
facu
ltym
embe
rs6
1
4 -y
ear
<._
...: Ave
rage
sala
ry
7r
2-ye
arin
stitu
tions
Num
ber
offa
culty
mem
bers
,,8
Ave
rage
.-
sala
ry
.. 9
Num
ber
offa
culty
mem
bers
2
Ave
rage
-sa
lary 3'
Num
ber
offa
culty
mem
bers
4
.
Ave
rage
..
sala
ry.
..,
51
Tot
al.
*M
enW
omen
,
Pro
fes.
ors
'silt
-.
Men
,.
Wom
en .'
.-
Ass
ocia
te p
iofe
fsor
s
Men
..
Wom
en.
#A
ssis
tant
pro
fess
ors
Men
Wom
en
I n;tr
iacf
ors
.
Men
.
Wom
en
Lect
urer
s.
...
Men
.W
omen
Und
esig
nate
d ra
nk
Men
..
.
Wom
en
(...-
.-
_
-
,
.
°.
.%
-
. . -
.
.
.
-:
,
.
-
. ' ,
.
.
,
, ' .
252,
404
515,
269
99,2
1351
6170
410
8;59
251
4,34
2.
53,5
9951
4,73
6
\..
190,
708
61,6
96
52,5
10
47,0
875.
123
58,3
23
48,4
569,
867'
76,1
08
55,4
8620
,622
50,2
80
29,8
3820
,442
2,39
8.'1
,44
4
i95
4
12,8
05
8,41
74,
388
i
1502
613
,243
20:6
53
20,9
0918
,433
. 15,9
016
,069
''' 15
,185
13,1
0413
,276
12,6
42
12,8
25
13,5
2011
,812
11,9
80
12,7
1310
,869
13,3
08
13,7
3812
,483
73,4
8816
,725
26,1
25.
24,4
73_
1,65
2
24,7
17
21,4
223,
295
28,8
6421
:§58
,6,
906
./.'
8,58
04,
410
4,17
0
1,56
499
856
6-
363
a22
713
6
17:4
2113
,552
22,5
14
22,6
7420
,145 .
16,6
23
.16,
746
15,8
20
13,5
8213
/69
12,9
89
10,7
3710
,976
10,4
86'
12,3
43
12,9
19'
11,3
27
12,3
39
1 3,
463
10,4
57
81,4
9227
,100
23,2
25'
20,2
392,
986
28,9
26
23,5
17'5
,409
40,1
%4
s,
28,8
0711
,247
e
14,1
30
',481
,
6,B
49 650
435
929
1
--.1
,607
1,08
951
8 .
14,8
7612
,726
1,8,
875
19,0
41'
1.7,
73
1r5;
214
15,3
72,
.. 14
,529
12,6
58
12,8
2512
,23T
k \0
,404
10,6
241
9,t5
7
11,4
55,
12,3
7510
,320
10.8
3611
,170
10,4
45
'
35,7
2817
,871
3,16
0
2,37
5.
785
,.
4,68
03,
517
1,16
3
7,17
0
4,70
1
2,4T
'`27
,570
."
17,9
479,
623
r18
4
87 97
10,8
35
7,10
13,
734
15,2
4413
,724
18,3
4318
,649
17,4
17
16,5
69
16,6
14
16,r
5'''
1371
;13
813
4 3,
522
14,7
16
15,3
5413
,529
10,7
49
.17,
75:
9,84
7
13. 1
13.1
14,1
4;2,
841
SO
UR
6E U
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.Table 90.--Median salaries of instructional staff on institutions of highs/ education, by academic rank,
type of institution, and sue of enrollment: United States, 1971-72 and 1973-14---Ty'', of institution and
size of enrollment
1971- 72 1973-74
All rankscom-bined
Pro.lessors
Associate.pro-
fessors
Assistantpro- -
, tenors
1Q1tructorsand
lecturers
All rankcOmbmed
Professor:
AssociatePro-
lessors
Assistantpro-
fessors .
trstructorsand
lecturers
1 2l'''
4 5 6 .7 8 411 10 11
All 4-year collogss O 4t)and universities $12,932 516,091 113,958 911,5111 $9,347 114,373 $19.997 515,331 812,644 110.211
m",-1,....7.-11117111.a-Public universities
10,000 students and over . 13,960 19,131 14,629 12,109 9,563 15,682 21,238 15,918 13,186 10,1985,000 to 9,999 . 12.758 17,052 /13,770 - 11,562 9,382 14,181 18,717 _15,144 12,644 10229Under 5,000 12,11 1 16,777 13,707 11,382 9.278 14,001 19,302 15,342 12,559 10,157
Priyate universities'5,000 and over 14,303. 20,569 14,644 11,912 9,829 15,496 21,506 15,683 12,750 10,363Under 5,000 . . . 12,763 17,639 13,857 11,460 9,386 13,636 19,124 14,732 12243 10,055
Public colleges . . 12,304 17,685 13,618 11,271 9,353 13,518 18,352 14,916 12A70 10,748Private colleges
1000 and over tio77 . 11,483 15,929 12,716 10,748 12,410 16,822 13,670 11,488 9,706500 to 999 . . . 10A40 13,735 11,470 10,007
/9,2178,456 11,081 14,690 12,164 10,499 8,804
Under 500 . . . . . 9,950 13,250 10,962 9,411 8,120' 10,639 13,554 11,321 9,893 8,179
All 2-year institutions' . 11.758 13,29?
Public institutions 11,952 13,4762,000 students and over . 13,255 14,9291,000 to 1,999 /10,765 12,142Under 1,000 10,002 10,863
Private institutions 8,856 9,457
!Since a majority of the reporting 2-year institutions have notestablished professorial ranks, data are not shown by rank forthese institutions
,NOTE -Salaries are for 9 months of full-time teaching
SOURCES National Education Association, Research Report1972-R 5, Salaries' Paid and Salary-Related Practiceson HirerEducation, 1971-72; and Research Memo 1974 1, Summary ofSalaries Paid in Higher Education, tsn 74. (Copyright © 1972and 1974. respectively, by the National Education Association Allrights reserved /
Table 99.--Median annual salaries of instructional staff and administrative officers in 4-year collegesand universities: United States, 1959-60 to 1973-74
Position 1959.6d62 1963.64 1965-66 1967-68 1969.70 1971-72 1973 74
. 1 3 4 5 '6 7 8 9
Instructional staff in 4-year ,
cottony*, and universities-
tAll ranks $6,711 $8,163 $9,081 $10,235 $11,745 $12,932 $14,373
Professors' 9,107,,,S7,486110,256 W ,312 2,953 14,713 16,799 18,091 19,897
Associate professors 7,332 8,167 8,969 10,058 11,393 12,985 13,958 15,331Assistant professors 6,231 7,539 8,417 9,472 10,698 11,511 12.644Instructors and lecturers 5,095 5 6,114 6,761 7,496 8,416 9,347 30,211
Administrative officers
President 13,827 15,375 17,330 19,638 22,303 25,979 29,75# 31,342Vice presiders... . 14,154 16,000 17,1':0 19,012 21,458 23,250 26,913,, 27,667Dean of the college 10,723 12,230 13,644 15,703 . 16,141 19,125 19,975' 22,000Dean of students 8,796 9,592 10,694 12,027 14,086 16,050 11,830 ' 19,117Dean of men . 7,280 8,202 9,144 ,9,783 10,983 12,319 13,490 14,500Dean of women 6,638 7,399 8,216 9,209 10,289 11,406 12,448 13,196Dean of admissions 7,68C 8,636 9,572 10,364 11,446 12,983 14,280 15,773Registrar 6,340 7,312 8,142 9,123 10,366 11,743 13,108 14,443Business manager 8,536 9,405 10,512 11,780 14,914 17 615 19,419 21,039Chief librarian 7,078 8,163 8,883 10,225 11,817 13,439 14,891 16,417Director of public relations 7,194 7,659 3,440 9,596 10,823 12,764 14,652 15.523Director of athletics 8,104 8,930 9,971 11,125 12,470 14,311 15,821 17,515Head football coach ' 7,824 8,554 9,321 10,716 11,488 13,395 14,591 16,159Head basketball coach 6,888 7,700 8,I.:42 9,383 10,485 11,779 13,208 14,700
' Median for "student personnel services vice president ordirector
NOTE -Salaries of instructional staff are for 9 months offull-time teaching, salaries of administrat've officers are usual-ly for 11 or 12 months of service
a
9(1
SOURCES National frducation Association, Research Report1973-R3, Economic Status- of the T/ aching Profession,1972 73. and Research Memo 1974 1, Summary of Sa.'enes .Paid in Higher Education, 1973 74 (Copyright 01973 and
' 1974, respectively, by the National Education Association Allrights reserved
108
FaTRENDS IN THE NUMBER OF INSTITUTIONS OF
HIGHER EDUCATION
Between 1953-54 and 1973-74. the number ofcolleges,, imversities, and professional schools listed inthe Education Dire( tory; Higher cducgtion increased
-.11oz-- 1,845 to 2,720. The net increase of 875institutions includes: almost 500 2-year institutions anenearly 400 4year coreges and universities. Fhe \number
4ot 2-year institutions nearly doubled over the 20-yearperiod, while the 4-year collegesand universitiesincreased by more than one-fourth.
The last two aecades have seen an upsurge in therelative importance of public higher education. Twentyyears ago public., institutions enrolled siightly morethan one-half of all college students. Today more thanthree-fourths of the students are attending theseinstitutions. The comber of public institutions hasincreased by 557 since 1953-54, while private collegesand universities rose by 318. About 56 percent of thecolleges and universities at the present time are private.but they tend to be substantially smaller' than theirpublicly controlled counterparts.
. Another major trend in higher education today isthe trend toward coeducation. As the accompanyingchart suggests. the number of single-sex institutions ,
reached,a peak in the mid-1960's (there were 236colleges for men and 281 for women 1.. 1965-66) andas subsequently declined very substantially: Today
there are only 127 men's colleges and 142 women'scolleges in the country. They tend to be small. privatelycontrolled institutions, and many of them are affiliatedwith a religious group. There are onlyl_t_publiclycontrolled, single -sex in-titutions in the country today.Five 'of these are service academies operated by theFederal Government. The remaining six are Stateinstitutions, four for men and two for women.
For more detailed information on the characteristicsof institutions of higher education, the reader maywish to consult the Education Directory: Higher
,Education. The 1974-75 edition of this annual publica-tion is available for $6.45 from the Superintendent ofDocuments, U.S. Government Printing )ffice, Wash-ington, D.C. 20402.
t--W. VANCE GRANT
Specialist in educational statistics
Figure 11.Number of institutions Of higher education for men, fOt women, and coeducational:
United States, 1953-54 to 1973-74
INSTITUTIONS
7 SOO
7 000
t'70
cloo
SW
1153 54
40044.11,41,4114110,3
insfauf.nrili for sewn
Insf.fuf.Ons f roe,.
195754 191142
7407E Dat a are 1,,r 50 owes and the 0,or,r1 of CofUnIOS to all yews$0401c7 U5 oepwrnam 01 me.001 Eflutoon and Wellere Of flee of EMKelon
4
1461,46
F di/tenon Cherlory Hrper tducaoon
1099 7
111111170 1473 74
7 500
7 000
1 500
1 000
SOO
Table 100. Number of institutions of higher education, by type, control, and size of enrollment:Unites' States, fall 1974
Control of institution andsize of enrollment
An institutions UniversitiesAlt other
4-year institutions
.
2.year institutions
Number Enrollment Number Enrollment 'Number Ehrollment Number Enrollment
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Public and private institutions . . . . 2,747 10,223,729 158 3,231,923 1,586 3,680,259 1,003 3,311,547
Under 200 . ..... 279 31,249 0 0 215 23.644 64 7.605200 to 499 . . . . . . . . . . . . 359 130.987 0 0 217 81.632 142 49.355500 to 999 525 377.318 0 0 361 259.327 164 117,9911,000 to 2.499 . 700 1,097.884 1 2.147 417 651.635 282 444,1022.500 to 4.999 . . . 338 1,193,189 11 46,774 177 618,391 150 528.0245.000 to 9.999 283 1,998.165 39 317.015 124 855,558 120 824.69210.000 to 19.5.99 . . . . . . . 168 2.330.591 44 633,450 58 756.533 66 940.59820.000 to 29.999. ...... 58 1.356.935 34 799.969 13 300.079 11 256.88730.000 or more . ...... . . 37 1.707,411 29 1.431,668 4 133,440 4
ti 142.293_._
Public institutions 1,214 7,988,500 93 2,514,195 354 2279,502 767 3,194,803
Under 200 . . 3 219 0 0 2 126 1 93 °200 to 499 . 46 17.045 0 0 4 .1.219 42 15,826500 to 999 . . . . . . 134 101.924 0 0 20 16.628 114 85.296_1.000 to 2,499 . . . . 334 542,154 0 ,,' 0 70 121,093 264 421,0612,500 to 4.999 . . . . . 234 834.342 1 4,871 87 316,084 146 513,3875.000 to 9,999 . . 232 1,628.125 11 96.164 102 712,599 119 819,36210,000 to 19.999 . I 146 2,049,868 28 431,046 52 678,224 66 940,59820.000 to 29.990 . . . . . . 49 1,142,844 25 585,878 13 300.079 11 256.88730,000 or more . . . .. 36 1.671,979 28 1,396.236 4 133.450 4 142,293
Private institutions 1,533 2,235,229 65 717,728 1,232 1,400,757 236 116,744
Under 200 .. . 276 31.030 0 0 213 23.518 63 7,512200 to 499 .. . . 313 113.942 0 0 213 80.413 100 33,529500 to 999 . . . 391 275,394 0 0 341 242,699 50 32 6951.000 to 2.499 . . . . 366 355,730 1 2,147 347 530,542 18 23.0412.500,to 4.999 .. . 104 358,847 10 41,903 90 302,307 4 14,6375,000 to 9.999 . . . 51 370,040 28 721.751 22 142,959 1 5.33010,000 to 19.999 . 22 280.723 16 202.404 6 78.319 0 020,00010 29.999 . 9 214.091 9 214,091 0 0 0 330.000 or more . . 1 35,432 1 35,432 0 0 , 0 0
NOTE !An the above tabulation a branch campus is not countedas c separate institution but 'is considered to be a part of theparent institution If branch campuses were counted as separateinstitutions, the U.S totals would be as follows All institutions,3,004. public 4 -year, 537, public 2-year, 896, private 4year,1.329, and private 2 year, 242. Enrollment includes studentswhose programs of study are creditable toward a bache!or's or
9%
higher degree and also students In 1-, 2-, or 3-yea undergraduateprograms not creditable toward a bachelor's degree but designedfor immediate employment or to provide general education
SOURCE U S Department of Health- Education, and Welfare,National Center for Education Statistics, Fall Enrollment inHigher Education, 1974
110
101.Number of institutions of h'ghereducation, by type, control, and State: 1974-75
Stateor
other area
TotalAll
institutionsUniversities
All other 4-yearinstitutions
2-yearinstitutions
Public Private Public Private Public Private Public Private
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
United States
Alabama
Arizona .. . . . . . . . .
Arkansas ....... . . .
CaliforniaColoradoConnecticutDelawareDistrict of Columbia _. . .......Florida . . . .
GeorgiaHawaiiIdaho . . . . ..... . . . . .
Illinois . . .
Indiana . . . . . . . . . .
Iowa
KentuckyLouisiana . .. ..... .. . .
Maryland . . .
Massachusetts . . . . . . . .
MichiganMinnesota . .. . . . - - - -
MississippiMissouriMontana . . . . .
Nebraska . . . . .. . . . .
Nevada . . . . . .
New Hampshire . . . .
New Jersey . . . . . - -
New Mexico .New York . . .
North Carolina . . .
North Dakota .Ohio . . .
Oklahoma . . . . . .
Oregon .
Pennsylvania . -
Rhode Island . .
South Carolina .
South Dakota .
TennesseeTexasUtah . . .. .
'Vermont .
Virginia .WashingtonWest Virginia . . . .
WisconsinWyoming , . .
U.S Service Schools....,_,
Outlying areas
American Samoa . . .
Canal Zone . ..Guam .
Puerto Rico . . . .
Virgin Islands. . . .
Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands .
..
.
.
. .
. . .
. .
-
.
.
. . .
.
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. -.-.
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2,747 1,214 1,533 93 65 354 1,232 767 236
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NOTE In the above tabulation a branch campus is not countedas a separate institution but is considered to be a part of the-parent institution If branch campuses were counted as separateinstitutions, the U.S. totals would be as fo'lows All institutions,3,004, public 4-year, 537. public 2-year, 896. private 4-year,1,329, and private 2-year, 242
99
SOURCE U.S Department of Health, Education, and Welfare,National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education:Education Directory, 1974-75.
I'll
Table 102.--Number of institutions of higher education, by control of institution, highest level of offering,and sex of students: United States, 1973.74
Highest levelof Offering andsex of students
Total
Public Private
Federal StateLocal (city,county, Or
district)
Stateandlocal
State-related
Independentof religious
group
Religious group
Protestant Catholic Other'1 2, 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
All institutions 2.720 8 667 313 209 3 742 493 250 35
Coeducational .. . . 2,442 3 661 313 209 3 621 471 147 14Men only 127 5 4 0 37 5 57 19
2 0Women only 142 0 0 0 -80 16 43 1
Coordinate' . . ...t 9 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 3
2 but less than 4 yearsbeyond high school 1,003 1 258 297 204 0 138 73 30 2
Coeducational ....... . 954 1 257 297 204 0 105 70 18 2,.Men only . . . .11 0 1 0 0 0 6- 0 4 0Women only 38 0 0 0 0 0 27 3 8 0Coordinate' . . . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4-or 5-year baCcalaureate degree . 763 5 61 4 2 1 280 280 122
628 -O 58 230 265 64 4_Coeducational -- -- . . 4 2 1
Men only . .. . ... ...... 50 5 3 0 0 0 13 2 24 3Women only . . . 79 0 0 0 0 0 35 12 31 1
Coordinate' . . 6 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 3
First-professional degree ..... 78 39 21 9.
Coeducational .. 57 0 4 1 0 0 32 19 1 0Men only . . . 21 0 0 0 0 0 7 .-. 2 8 4Women only . . 0 c 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Coordinate' . . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Master's degree . . . 434 0 136 1 1 0 155 76 56
Coeducational . . 387 0 136 1 1 0 134 74 38 3Men only . . 27 0 0 0 0 0 6 1 14 6Women only . 19 0 0 0 0 0 14 1 4 0Coordinate' 1 0 0 '0 0 0 1 0 0 0
Beyond master's but lessthan doctorate . . 109 fl 68 5 0 0 20 3 11 2
e
Coeducational . 99 0 67 5 0 0 18 3 6 0Men only . . . 8 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 5 2Women only . 2 0 1 0 0 0 . 1 0 0 0Coordinate' . 0 . 0 0 0
Doctorate . . 333 2 140 5 2 2 110 46 22 10
Coeducational 317 2 139 5 2 2 102 40 20 5Men only . 10 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 2 4Women only . 4 0 1 0 0 0 3 0 0 0Coordinate' . 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
Includes seven U S Service Schools and Haskell Indian JuniorCollege.
'Includes Jewish, Latter-Oav Saints, Greek Orthodox, Russian'Orthodox, and Unitarian
100
'Institutions with separate colleges for men and for women
SOURCE U S Oepartment of Health, Education, and Welfare,National Center for Fducation Statistics, Higher Education.Education Directory, 1973-74.
112
Table 103.--Earned degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by level
of degree and by State : 197 and 1972.73
Stateor
other area
1972-73
Bachelor'sdegrees
First- -'t,
professionaldegrees
Master'sdegrees
Doctor'sdegrees
Bachelor's"degrees
First -
Professional
degrees
Master'sdegrees
Doctor'sdegrees
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
United States 887,273 43,411 251,633 33,363 922;362 ... -50,018 - 263,371 34,777
Alabama . . . . . . . 13,792 486 3,261 276 13,790 510 3,814 268
Alaska 520 0 258 3 508 0 250- 1Arizona . . . . . . . . 7,907 254 3,550 386 8,351 392 3,530 384
Arkansas 7,111 214 1,282 147 7,124 268 1,335 118
Caltyrr n fa . . . . ...... 78,660 4,682 22,260 3,490 82,741 4,878 22,881 3,917
Colorado . . . . . 13,432 609 3,593 714 13,536 663 3,857 697
&Winecticut . . . . 12,565 593 4,863 13,617 609 5,402 559 A
Delaware . . - . . 2,103 0 511____;-5713-'
85 ..--2,417 0 491 76
District of Columbia 6,377 1,933 _ ---4-083 554 6,535 2,109 5,338 567
Florid. . . . . ...... 22,817 916 5,799 761 24,252 1,133 6,010 734
Georgia . . . , , 15,91 3 789 4,911 489 16,032 997 5,751 544
3,472 0 1,554 80 3,546 0 1,661 94
Idaho -. . . __ 2,950 46 507 58 2,945 65 551 44
Illinois . . . . . . . 45,115 2,832 14,906 2,142 46,803 3,116 _15,042 2,229
Indiana . . . . . . 24,187 573 9,263 1,316 26,141 1,329 9,851 1,269__
Iowa . . . . 15,054 701 2,606 625 111,453 . 733 2,476 643
Kansas . . . . . 12,811 452 3,027 382 12,896 509 3,080 412
Kentucky . . . 12,309 930 3,424 198 12,716 1,050 3,636 205
Louisiana 14,259 844 3,699 449 15,228 952 4,204 365
Attune_ 4,190 60 710 28 4,602 84 610 42
Maryland . . . . . . , . .13.1854 643 3,678 617 14,725 917 4,137 623
Massachusetts . . . . . 33,067 2,429 12,166 1,818 34,942 2,699 13,033 2,190
Michigan . . . . . . . . 37,819 1,683 13,649 1,710 39,299 1,886 13,503 1,758
Minnesota .. 19,447 880 2,904 599 20,066 878 2,668 557
Mississippi . 9,054 218 1,873 253 9,215 266 2,166 278
Missouri 20,409 1,593 6,101 751 21,603 1,924 6,025 _164
Montana . . .4,120 39 662 72 4,260 -. 64 665 75
Nebraska .9,564 517 1,548 210 9,496 583 1,547 230
Nevada . . . . . . , 1,346 0 303 21 1,382 0 326 24
New Hampshire . . 4,701 0 623 63 4,925 45 T 714 63
New Jersey . . . 22,194 860 6,835 621 23,760 1,194 6,685 609
New Mexico . . 4,726 105 1,490 188 4,995 130 1,666 213
New York . . . . 78,791 4,566 -33,301 3,607 82,167 4,785 36,011 ' 3;953
North Carolina . . 20,776 870 3,909 763 22,094 1,010 4,215 787
North Dakota .. . . . 3,963 46 709 83 4,028 63 575 90
Ohio . . 46,809 2,065 10,660 1,475 47,578 2,574 11,037 1,519
Oklahoma . 13,1 64 420 3.228 509 13,457 495 3,278 505
Oregon 10,388 507 3,223 573 10,416 664 2,915 524
Pennsylvania 52,618 2,896 14,096 1,817 56,262 .3,139 13,674 1,825
Rhode Island . . 5,605 0 1,494 -208 6,261 0 1,823 191,
South Carolina . . 8,715 277 1,398 130 9,525 434 1,791 126
South Dakota . . 4,816 65 897 51^ 41976 76 780 50
Tennessee . . . . . 17,211 1,001 3,829 524 17,723 , 1,134 4,252 561
Texas . . . 45,856 2,381 10,58,3 1,457 47,889 2,812 11,535 1,476
Utah . . . . . 9,595 179 2,165 491 9,279 227 2,161 460
Vermont . . 3,345 66 853 -35 3,553 78 904 29
Virginia 15,733 890 3,600 331' ; 16,725 1,014 3,990 407
Washington . , 11,294 377 3,402 541 16,880 514 3,337 613
West Virginia- . 8,077 199 1,493 134 8,555 . 221 1,696 131
Wisconsin . . 23,908- 685 4,880 861 23,390 740 5,221 902
Wyoming . . 1,389 40 376 78 1,44 55 337 73
U S. Service Schools . . 3,175 0 1,038 11 3,259 0 1,033 9
Outlying areas 6,837 363 1,141 6 7,910 417 1,154 13
Canal Zone 8 0 0 0 5 0 0 0
Guam . 157 -0 -68- -__ 0 134 0 86 0
Puerto Rico 6,601 363 1,073 6 -7,691 417 -t-08£1-------1-3-
Virgin Islands . . 71 0. _ 0 0 80 0 0 0
SOURCE US Department of Health, Education, and Wei L.-A.. National Center for Education Statistics reports on Earned Degrees
Con ferred.
101
1 i 3
Table 104.--Bachilor's, master's, and doctor's degrees conferred by institutions of higher education,by sex of student and by field of study: United States, 1971-72
Major field of studyBachelor's degrees
requiring 4 or 5 yearsSecond-level (master's)
degreesDoctor's degrees
(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)
Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
All fields 887,273 500,590 386,683 251,633 149,550 102,083 33,363 28,090 5,273
Agriculture 13,516- 12,779 737 2,680 2,490 190 971 945 26Agriculture, general ...... . . 1,547 1,472 75 156 1479s MT-- 859 847 12 294 277 17 148 144 4Soils science -265 246 19 102 93 9 88 85 3Animal science 2,685 2,419 266 326 306 20 142 139 3Dairy science 250 238 12 - 63 58 5 31 29 2
90 86 4 32 28 4 20 20 ....Poultry St.semeFish, game, and wildlife management
-1=tortfeufture-----1,136 1,105 31 229 219 10 45 45 ....- -382 339 --43-'- 199 trJO 48 _. eo 78 ' -2.
Ornamental-horticulture 217 196 21 .16 14 2 3 1
Agricultural and farm management . . . . 218 217 1 6 5Agricultural economics . . . . . . . .... 1,066 1,054 12 407 395 12 166 162 4Agricultural business 885 863 22 7Food science and technology 304 234 70 195 150 45 76 71 5Forestry 1,993 1,954 39 346 333 ' 13 87 87 ....Natural resources management . .. . .. . . 593 530 63 99 90 9 15 14 1
Agriculture and forestry technologies . . . 133 123 10 9 8 7 1
Range management 141 140 1 43 43 .... 17 17 ....Other , 752 716 36 184 166 ,18 45 45 ....
Architecture and environmental design . . . . 6,440 5,667 773 1,899 1,626 273 50 43 7Environmental design, general . . . . 920 715 205 73 51 22 7 7 ..Architecture 3,652 3,460 192 580 529 51 4 4 ..Interior design . . . . 281 69 212 14 13Landscape architecture . . ..... . . 526 490 36 144 130 ..Urban architecture .. . 11 11 .... 57 55City, community, and regional planning . 308 286 22 900 744 156 34 28 6
742 636 106 131 104 27 5 4 1
Area studies . ..... . . . . . 2,777 1,327 1,450 973 577 396 154 126 28Asian studies, general . . . 4 . . . . 174 95 79 114 72 42 . ...East Asian studies , . . . 77 41 36 53 36 1- 3 - 3 - .
South AS1114 Undia, etc.) studies . . . . 13 13 5 19 10 9 2 1 1
Southeast Asian studies . . .. . 7 6 1 .
African studies ' 22 9 13 62 37 25 1 1
Itlamic studies . . . . . .. . .. ---,2 1 1 4' 4Russian and Slavic studies , 113 49 64 59 36 23 4Latin American studies . . . . . 304 156 148 159 105 54 12 10 2Middle Eastern studies . 1,S 10 9 7 6 1 1 . 1
European studies, 9eneral . 24 10 14 1 1 . .
Eastern European studies . . . . 10 9 1 1 1 . . . ....West European studies . . 30 24 6 9 6 3 ... ....American studias . 1,656 738 918 282 128 154- 74 58 16Pacific area studies .. .... 1 1 .. ,... .. . .
Other . . . . . . . 330 173 157 197 131 66 53 45 8Biological sciences . . . .. . 37,293 26,323 10,970 6,101 4,087 2,014 3,653 3,031 622
Biology, general 27,473 19,105 8,368 2,943 1,943 1,000 580 453 '127Botany, general 516 335 181 356 234 122 227 193 34Bacteriology , . ' . 285 168 117 54 36 18 25 19 6Plant pathology . 30 28 2 81 68 13 92 86 6Plant physiology 11 11 15 13 2 27 26 1
Zoology, general . . 5,193 4,044 1,149 671 468 203 400 348 52Pathology, human and animal . 1 1 . . 75 53 22 91 74 17Pharmacology, human and animal 5 3 2 74 59 15 167 147 20Physiology, human and animal
..a157 122, 35 178 133 45 242 206 36
Microbiology . . 1,263 715 548 416 227 189 326 253, 73Anatomy . . . 1 1 2 78 58 20 152 116 36Histology . . _ . 1 1 . .. .Biochemistry . 699 524 175 252 162 90 462 380- 82
SOURCE U S Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Center fo Education Statistics, Earned Degrees Con(erred 1971-72.
102
114
Table 104.Bacheld's, master's, and doctor's degrees conferred by institutions of higher education,
by sex of student and by 'field of study: UnitetStates, 1971 -72- (Continued)
Major field of study8achelbr's degrees
requi mg 4 or 5 yearsSecond-level (master's/
degrees
Doctor's degrees(Ph D., Ed.13/. etc.)
Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women
1 2 3 ,..., 4..4
5 6 7 8 9 10
Biophysics . . . . . 81 71 10 45,
31 14 106 90 16
Molecular biology 49 30 19 14 7 7 51 33 18
Cell biology . . . . . . . . 29 22 7 12 8 4 18 7 11
Marine biology . . . . .. . . . 26 23 3 73 65 8 21 18 3
Biometrics and biostatistics . 5 3 2 26 17 9 23 18 5
/ Ecology . . . . . . . . . . 78 60 18 53 44 9 19 17 2
Entomology . . . . . . . . 166 155 11 191 162 29 194 187 7
Genetics . . . . ..... . 48 32 . 16 71 43 28 134 110 24
Raplobiologtr , . . . . . ... .... . . .. 20 12 8 15 15 ....Nutrition, scientific . 24 9 15 112 31 81 66 50 16
Neurosciences .... 6 21 18 3
Toxicology . , . . . 1 1 5 4 1 9 7 2
Embryology.
. .... . .... 1 1 1 . ..
Other . . . . 1,150 860 290 278 201 77 184 159 25
Business and management . . . . 122,009 110,417 11,592 30,433 29,232 1,201 902 882 20
Business and commerce, general . . . 31,295 28,091 3,204 9,612 9,172 440 131 129 2
Accounting . . . 24801 22,307 2,494 1,377- 1,2603 408 51 - -51 . . . _
Business statistics . . . . 212 192 20 73 69 4 10 10 . ..
flanking and finance . . . 5,890 5,703 187 1,783 1,733 50 49 49
Investments and securities . . . . . .. . . . . 52 49 3 1 1 ....Business management and administration, . 31,694 29,423 2,271 12,114 11,718 396 399 387 12
Operations research . . . . . . . . . . . 94 88 6 339 321 18 37 36 1
Hotel and restaurant management . 799 729 70 26 24 2 2 2 .
Marketing and purchasing . . . . . . . . . . 16,404 14,901 1,503 1,492 1,443 49 46 44 2
Transportation and public utilities . 649 641 8 66 66 . . 6 6V
Real estate , . . . . . 456 431 25 61 60 1 1
Insurance . . 431 414 17 31 29 2 3
International business . . 194 178 16 693 674 19 14 14 ..
Secretarial studies . . 1,256 29 1,227 . . .... .... .. . . ..
Personnel management . 1,316 1,212 104 297 284 13 18 18 . .
Labor and industrial relations ... 1,208 1,158 50 300 273 27 18 18 ..
Business economics . . 2,345 2,213 132 269 244 25 78 76 2-
Other . . i. . 2,965 2,707 258 1,848 1,804 44 38 37 1
Communications ' . .12,340 7,964 4,376 2,200 1,443 757 111 96 15
Communications, general 2,504 1,606 898 V8 347 231 69 57 12
Journalism . 5,385 3,055 2,330 950 631 319 11 10 1
Radio/television , 2,138 1,742 396 223 171 52 1 1 . ..
Advertising . 1,141 820 321 118 92 26 . .. .... .
Communication media 480 339 141 157 101 56 6 e .. .
Other . . .. . . . -692 402 290 174 101 73 24 22 2
Computer and informetiop sciences 3,402 2,941 461 1,977 1,752 i: 225 167 155 12
'' Computer and information sciences, general , 2,451 2,117 334 1,572 ' 1,363 209 145 134 11
Information sciences and systems . , . 268 241 27 142 133 9 16 15 1
Data processing . . . . . . 504 435 69 131 128 3 .... . .
Computer programing . . 8 5 3 7 6 1
Systems analysis . . . 72 63 9 110 107 3 6 6
Other . . 99 80 19 15
Education . 191,172 49,531 141,64$ 97,880 41,728 56,152 7,041 5,381 1,660
Education, general 3,816 510 3,306 13,065 5,692 7,373 1,643 1,270 373
Elementary education, general . "93,181 8,777 84,404 19,570 3,464 16,106 314 162 152
Secondary education, general . . 6,125 2,692 3,433 6,828 3,575 3,253 314 250 64
Junior high school education 592 204 388 123 63 ... . .
Higher education, general 7 6 1 293 166 127 254 205 49
Junior and community college education . .. , 130 78 52 8 6 2
. Adult end continuing education . 44 10 34 274 163 111 111 84 27
Special education, general . 4,042 557 3,485 3,733 963 2,770 166 109 57
Administration of special education . . . 151 50 101 11 10 1
Education of the _mentally retarded 3,093 408 2,685 1,022 296 726 19 14 5
Educationof the gifted . . . 8 8 12 1
SOURCE U S Department of H*'alth, Educat on, and Welfare, National Center for Education Statistics, Earned Degrees Con-
ferred. 1971-72
103
115
Table 104.--Bachelor's, master's, and doctor's degrees conferred by institutions of higher education,by sex of student and by field of study: United States, 1971-72---(Continued)
Major field of studyBachelor's degrees
requiring 4 or 5 yearsSecond-level (master's)
degreesDoctor's degrees
(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)
Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Education of the deaf . . . . . . 339 33 306 160 26 134 6 4 2Education of the culturally disadvantaged 1 . 1 130 58 72 4 3 1
Education of the visually handicapped . . 82 9 73 64 28 36 1 1 ....Speech correction . . . , , 2,447 271 2,176 624 110 514 13 2 11Education of the emotionally disturbed . . 470 71 399 449 132 317 12 10 2Remedial education. .. . . .. . 2 ' e05 7 88 5 2 3Special learning d.sabilities ...... .. 159 21 138 Pt 2 47 195 3 2 1
Education of the physically handicapped . . 200 35 165 154 24 130 4 1 3Education of the multiply handicapped . . 39 101 54 47 .... .... ....Soc'ial foundations . - .... . . . . . 238 79 159 581 327 254 137 99 38Educational psychology 340 193 147 1,475 675 80Q' 396 280 116Pre-elementary education . , . . . . 4,416 90 4,326 944 38 906 6 1 5Educational statistics and research . . . 2 80 42 38 48 36 12Educational testing, evaluation, and ,
measurement 10 5 5 114 57 57 42 30 12Student personnel . . ....... . 43 16 27 14,837 7,210 7,627 588 443 145Educational administration . . . . . . . 10 7 3 7,982 6,344 1,638 1,057 989 68Educationat supervision .- . . .... . . .... 620 343 277 80 68 12Curriculum and instruction . . . .. 370 93 277 2,374 938 1,436 524 365 159Reading education . . 23 1 22 3,287 372 2,915 90 43 47Art education s. / . . . . 5,950 1,576 4,374 1,048 347 701 57 45 12Music education . . . . . . 7,093 3,086 4,007 1,529 797 732 117 98 19Mathematics education . . . 2,425 '1,144 1,281 764 413 351 51 43 8Science education . . . 1,064 577 487 758 446 312 95 73 22Physical education . . . . . 26,249 15,783 18,466 4,355 3,006 1,349 285 195 90Driver safety education . . . . . . . 104 89 15 126 123Health education . .. . . . . 1,020 509 511 556 287 269 84 65 19Busihess, commerce, and distributive
education . , . . . 8,437 2,588 5,849 2,166 851 1,315 74 47 27Industrial arts, vocational and
technical education . , . . 8,085 7,942 143 2,158 2,024 134 130 126 4Agricultural educatio'n . . . . 1,343 1,333 13 435 430 5 39 38 . 1
Education of exceptional children,not classified above . . . . 187 34 153 t30 43 87 1
Home econurnics education . 6,256 11 6,245 698 7 691 12 .... 12Nursing education 808 13 795 261 18 243 25 1, 24Other . . . . 2,052 761 1,291 3,382 1,593 1,789 245 160 55
Engineering . . . . . 51,164 50,638 526 16,960 16,688 272 3,671 3,649 22Engineering, general . . 2,925 2,880 45 991 974 17 284 282 2Aerospace, aeronautical, astronautical
engineering . . . . -. 2,180 2,160 20 687 680 7 197 197 ....Agricultural engineering 447 446 1 177 177 .. . 65 85 .. .
Architectural engineering . . 253 247 6 23 23 .. . . . .... . ..Bioengineering and biomedical engineering 65 61 4 88 84 4 .,, 46 46 ...Chemical engineering . . . 3,625 3,551 74 1,154 1,126 28 394 393 1
Petroleum engineering . . . . 304 300 4 105 104 1 20 20 ...Civil, construction, and transportation
engineering . . 6,803 6,741 62 2,487,
2,449 38 415 413 2Electrical, electronics, communications v
engineering . . 12,101 12,022 79 4,206 4,154 52 824 821 3Mechanical engineering , . . . 8,530 8,482 48 2,282 2,264 18 411 410 1
Geological engineering . . . ..... . . 111 105 6 40 40 .. 17 17 ....Geophysical engineering . . 65 63 2 7 7Industrial and management engineering . 3,680 3,642 38 1,731 1,706 25 168 168 , ...Metallurgical engineering . . 579 572 7 264 262 2 127 125 2Materials engineering . . 116 110 6 165 160 5 96 96 ..Ceramic engineering . . . 196 193 3 60 56 4 19 18 1
Textile engineering . . . . . 65 61 4 21 21 3Mining and mineral engineeringe 169 168 1 76 76 . 36 35 1
.
SOURCE U S Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Center for Education Statistics, Earned Degrees Con-ferred 1971-72
104
116
Table 104.Bachelor's, master's, and doctor's degrees conferred by institutions of higher education,
by sex of student and by field of study: United States, 1971 -72- (Continued)
Major field of studyBachelor's degrees
requir ng°4 or 5 yearsSecond-level (master's)
degreesDoctor's degrees
(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)
Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9a
10
Engineering physics i.. ,/ - 469e
458 11 78 76 2 30 30 ....Nuclear engineering . . r ........ . 312 305 7 383 377 6 120 118 2
Engineering mechanics 210 209 1 269 262 7 147 145 2
Environmental and sanitary engineering .. 96 92 4 359 349 10 41 39 2
Naval architecture and marine engineering . . 304 303 1 51 49 2 6
Ocean engineering -t.,164 159 5 77 73 4 9
Engineering technologies . . . . 5,772 5,726 46 237 236 1 15 15 ..Other . ... .. .. .. . . . . ...... . 1,623 1,582 41 942 903 39 ,174 17i 3
Fine and applied arts .. . . , 33,831 13,580 20,251 7,537 4,049 3,488 \ 572 428 144
Fine arts, general . .. . . . . . . 4,296 1,507 2,789 787 430 357 19 11 8
Art . . 11,769 4,401 7,368 1,851 1,134 717 12 7 5
Art history and appreciation 1,709 330 1,379 273 81 192 , 39 21 18
Music (performing, composition, theory) 3,215 1,504 1,711 1,822 990 832 202 171 31
Music (liberal arts program) .. . . . 2,974 1,282 1,692 724 386 338 80 57 23
Music history and appreciation . . . .. . 110 . 43 67 117 62 55 34 25 9
Dramatic arts ''. . . 4,448' 1,881 2,567 1,210 571 639 134 102 32
Dance . . . . . . . 430 85 345 99 12 87 3 3
Applied design . . 2,608 1,134 1,474 129 77 52 .... .... ..Cinematography . . . . . . . 128 99 29 49 34 15 .... ... ....Photography . . . . . . . . . . . 539 450 89 47 45 2 .... .... . .
Other . . . . . . 1,605 864 741 429 227 202 49 . 34 15
Foreign languages . . . . . . .. .. . 18,849 4,748 14,101 4,616 1,616 3,000 841 526 315
Foreign languages, general 586 182 404 388 142 246 151 91 60
French . .. . . .. ..... .. 6,822 1,075 5,747 1,421 339 1,082 193 101 92
German . . . . 2,477 878 1,599 808 241 367 167 113 54
Italian 287 80 207 104 28 76 19 13 6
Spanish . . . . . 6,847 1,734 5,113 1,421 506 915 152 100 52
Russiap . . . . . . . . 658 270 388 150 65 85 15 12 3
Chinese . . . . . . . . 103 59 44 20 14 6 11, 7 4
Japanese . . . . .. 86 40 46 5 2 '3 .2
Latin . . 337 120 217 77 31 46 8 4 4
Greek, classical . . . . . . 108 70 38 14 9 5 14 7 7
Hebrew . . . . . 167 74 93 75 65 1.0 6 6
Arabic .. . . . 10 8 2 4 1 3 .. .. ..Indian (Asiatic) . . ^ 2 1 1 .. .. . . .. .
Scandinavian languages . . 20 7 13 8 3 5 7 5 2
,Slavic languages (other than Russian) . 72 37 35 73 43 30 30 16 14
African languages (non-Semitic) . 3 1 2 1 1 ... 1 1 ..Other . .. . . ....... . 264 112 152 247 126 121 65 48 17
Health professions . . ., . . 28,611 7,005 21,606 7,207 3,141. 4,066 442 362 80
Health professions, general . . . . . 409 221 188 191 123 68 22 20
Hospital and health care administration . 126 71 55 644 548 96 12 12 ...',Nursing . . . . . . 13,152 340 12,812 1,829 31 1,798 10 . . 10
Dental specialties . . 2 2 .. . 415 406 9 11 11 ..
Medical specialties . , . 19 15 4 187 142 45 21 20 1
Occupational therapy . 733 45 688 82 20 62 .
Optometry 458 442 16 9 9 .. 5 5 .
Pharmacy . . 4,612 3,571 1,041 221 172 49 101 93 3
Physical therapy . 1,427 289 1,138 55 25
Dental hygiene . 603 2 601 24 1 23 . .. ... .
Public health . 121 89 32 1,533 922 611 81 56 25
Medical record librarianship 162 . 5 157 . . . . . ..Podiatry or podiatric medicine . 108 107 1 . .
.. . .
Biomedical communication . . . . . J . .
Veterinary medicine specialties . 77 66,
11 80 77 3 36 36
Speech pathology and audiology . 1,863 254 1,609 1,033 152 881 58 39 19
ChiroOractic . . ... . .... ..-
Clinical sticol work 41 15 26 332 154 178 17 11 6
Medical labolory technologies . 3,351 523 2,828 76 30 46 ... ... .
SOURCE U S Department of Health, Educat on, and Welfare, National Center fo Education Statistics, Earned Degrees Con-
ferred 1971,.72
105
117
Table 104.--Bachelor's, master's, and doctor's degrees conferred by institutions of higher education,by sex of student and by field of study: United States, 1971-72-(Continued)
Major field of study8achelor's degrees
requir ng 4 or 5 yearsSecond-level (master's)
degrees .Doctor's degrees
(Ph.D., Ed D., etc.)
Total Men Women Totei Men Women Total Men Women
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Dental technologies 64 52 12 1 1 .... .... .. ....Radiologic technologies . . . . . . 65 45 20 17 13 4 4Other . 1,218 851 367 478 315 163 64 55 9
Home economics . 12,072 427 11,645 1,666 122 1,544 104 30 74Home economics, general . . . , 5,376 52 5,324 697 22 675 14 2 12Home decoration and home equipment . 529 43 486 41 5 36 1 . .. 1
Clothing and textiles . . . 1,679 30 1,649 143 2 141 8Consumer economics and home management 344 20 324 70 6 64 3Family relations and child development . 2,108 79 2,029 365 50 315 47 19 28Foods and nutrition . . . . . . . 1,188 49 1,139 268 19 249 27 8 19Institutional management and
cafeteria management . . 294 124 170 32 4 28 1
Other . 554 30 524 50 14 36 3 1 2Law 503 470 33 917 867 50 40 39 1
Law, general 476 446 30 487 456 31 34 33 1
- Other . 27 24 3 430 411 19 6Letters 73,253 29,295 43.958 12,723 5,383 7,340 2,589_1,886 703
English, general 51,035 17,269 33,766 7,332 2,746 4,586 1,113 744 369Literature, English 4,174 1,580 2,594 924 364 560 322 200 122Comparative literature 269 77 192 1,67 57 110 92 60 32Classics . 403 186 , 217 123 67 56 58 47 11
Linguistics , 291 109 182 372 174 198 139 105 34Speech, debate, and forensic science 7,250 3,180 4,070 1,731 704 1,027 238 186 52Creative writing 110 57 53 168 122 46 6 5 1
Teaching of English as a foreign language 48 6 42 263 88 175 3Philosoplly , . 5,939 . 4,64(1 1,299 615 493 122 364 320 44Religious studies 2,596 1,697 899 771 438 333 199 178 21Other , . 1,138 494 644 257 130 127 55 38 17
Library sciences 989 66 923 7,383 1,484 5,899 64 36 28Library science, general 921 59 862 7,138 1,414 6,724 55 29 26Other . ea 7 61 245 70 175 9 7 2
Mathematics 23,713 14,454 9,259 5,198 3,655 1,543 1,128 1,039 89Mathematics, general . 23,261 14,114 9,147 4,619 3,198 1,421 925 849 76Statistics, mathematical and theoretical 168 121 47 416 331 , 85 173 161 12Applied mathematics 231 181 50 122 1134 18 30 29 1
Other . 53 38 15 41 22 19 . 4 ..Military sciences ,363 363 . .. .. .
Military sciences (Army) 15 15 . .
Naval science (Navy, Marines) 2 2. . .
Aerospace science (Air Force) 78 78 .
Merchant Marine 157 157 . . . .. .. ...Other 111 111 . . . . . . . . . ...
Physical sciences 20,745 17,663 3,082 6,287 5,404 883 4,103 3,830 273Physical sciences, general 979 829 150 261 214 47 38 37 1
Physics, general 4,583 4,264 319 2,026 1,869 157 1,332 1,290 42Molecular physics . . . .. 9 8 1
Nuclear physics 51 50 1 7 5 2 3 3 A
Chemistry, general 10,560 8,508 2,052 2,177 1,698 479 1,852 1,672 , 180Inorganic chemistry 19 17 2 5 3 42 11 8 3Organic chemistry 1 1 30 23 7 42 38 4Physical chemistry 8 6 2 15 8 7 31 - 28 3Analytical chemistry . 2 2 7 7Pharmaceutical chemistry 2 2 19 14 5 28 25 3Astronomy 139 116 23 89 78 11 92 86 6Astrophysics ' 20 19 1 78 77 1 17 16 1
Atmospheric sciences and meteorology 289 273 16 168 164 4 75 74 1
Geology ...- 2,513 2,194 319 787 698 89 266 252 14Geochemistry . 9 7 ' 2 5 5 . 6 5 1
Geophysics and seismology 51 46 5 49 48 1 38 37 1
SOURCE U S Department of Health, Educat on, and Welfare, National Center fo Education Statist Cs, Earned Degrees Con-ferred 1971-72
106
1 1 8,
Table 104.--Bachelor's, master's, and doctor's degrees conferred by institutions pf higher education,
by sex of student and by field of study: United States, 971-72-(Continued)
Major field of study8achelor's degrees
requiring 4 or 5 yearsSecond-level (master's)
degrees
Doctor's degrees(Ph.D., Ed.11, etc I
Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women
1 2 3 4 a'-.
6 7 8 9 10
Earth sciences, general /' . 810 666 144 221 182 39 47 43 4
Paleontology 27 26 1 5 4 1 b
Oceanography . . . . . 356 348 8 166 '148 18 71 70 1
Metallurgy , , , , . 18 18 . 35 35 .. 21 21 .
Other earth sciences . . . 77 67 10 31 29 2 27 26 1
Other physical sciences . 233 207 26 111. 100 11 85 79 , 6
Psychology ..... . . . 43,093 23,159 19,934 5,289 3,259 2,030 1,881 1,414 467
PsyChologv, general . . . . . . . 42,177 22,768 19,409 3,797 2,438 1,359 1,489 1,124 365
Experimental Rsychoiogy . . . . . 48 48 69 41 18 73 59 14
Clinical psychology . .. . . 15 10 5 237 143 94 154 119 35
Psychology for counseling . . 61 17 44 452 232 220 25 20 - 5
Social psychology 108 53 55 43 34 9 39 31 8
Psychometrics 2 1 1 22 12 10 1 , , , i., 1
Statistics 0-psychology . 8 3 .. ... . .
Industrial psychology .. . 28 22 6 27 23 ' 4 3
Developmental psychology . . 52 5 47 95 25 70 34 18 16
Physiological psychology 32 22 10 8 6 2 13 11 2
Other , , . 562 210 352 549 305 ' 244 50 29 21
Public affail and services . 12,605 6,606 5,999 9,365 5,005 4,360 211 165 46
Community services, general . . 316 132 184 38 32 6 1 1
Public administration . . . . 347 312 35 1,851 1,672 179 68 62 6
Parks and recreatioi management . 2,16 1 1,438 723 369 250 119 12 9 3
Social work and helping services . . 6,090 1,539 4,551 6,470 2,570 3,900 99 68 31
Law enfortement and corrections . 2,913 2,564 349 211 195 16 3 3 .
International public service 23 16 7 29 23 6 3 3
Other ,", , , . 755 605 150 397 ' 263 134 25 20 5
Social sciences . . . , 158.304 101,038 57,266 17,444 12,530 4,914 4,079 3,481 598
Social sciences, general . . . 21,115 11,664 9,451 2,269 , 1,490 779 69 52 17
Anthropology . . 5,151 2,352 2,799 818 455 363 241 175 66
Archaeology '' . 37 13 24 14 6 8 5 2 3
Economics . , . . 15,231 13,456 1,775 2,224 1.940 , 284 794 734 60
History 43,605 28,688 15,007 5,217 3,527 1,690 1,131 955 178
Geography ' -,/ . 4,326 3,416 91Q 786 672 114 203 191 12
Political science and government . 28,135 22,845 5,290 2,451 1,949 502 758 678 80
Sociology , . 35,216 15,231, 19',985, 1,944 1,191 753 636 500 136
Criminology' 801 661 140 100 79 21 12 11 1
International relations . 1,227 851 376 788 684 '104 it 64 6
Afro-American (Black culture) studies . 230 136 94 13 7 6 1 1
American Indian cultural studies . 5 ? 3 . .
Mexican-American cultural studies 32 21 11 15 6 9 ,
Urban studies ---- 603 339 264 400 287 113 3 3
Demography 4 2 2 33 , 24 9 9 7 2
Other . , 2,496 1,361 1,135 372 213 159 145 108 37
Theology .3,882 2,803 1,079 , 2,755 2,110 645 441 420 21
Theological professions, general . . 2,040 1,744 296 1,486 1,369 117 340 326 14
Religious music 135 75 60 138 112 26 10 6 4
Biblical languages 78 76 2 5 5 4 4
Religious education 1,101 . 562 539 1,028 549 479, 50 48 2
Other , 528 346 182 98 75 23 37 36 1
Interdisciplinary studies 16,347 11,326 5,021 2,143 1,302 841 148 126 22
General liberal arts and sciences 7,558 5 386 2,172 1,027 556 471 3 3
8lological and physical sciences . . 3,335 2,527 808 508 386 122 19 16 3
Humanities and social sciences . 1,929 1,073 856 214 81 133 39 26 13
Engineering and other disciplines 310 301 n 9 73 63 U) 48 45 3
Other ' 3,215 2,039 1,176 321 216 105 39 36 3
-SOURCE U S Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Center to Education Statimcs, Earned Degrees Con-
ferred 1971-72
119107
1
. Table 105.--Bachelor's, master's, and doctor'i degrees conferred by institutions of hifier education,by sex of student and by field of study: United States, 1972-73
Major field of studyBachelor's degrees
requiring 4 or 5 yearsSecond-level (master's)
degrees
Doctor's degrees(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)
Total Men Women Total Merl Women Total Men Wommi1
42 3 '4 5 6 7 8 9 10
All fields 922,362 518,191 404,1711263,371 154,468 105,90334,777 28,571 6,206
Agriculture and natural resources . . . . . 14,756 13,661 1,095 2,807 2588 219 1,059 1,031 .28Agriculture,leneral 1,515 1,443 72 152 143 9 2
" Agronomy 758 738 20 326 311 15 177 176 1
St Is science , 275 260 15 83 78 5 91 95 2Animal science . . . . . . 2,904 2,560 344 321 300 21 AS 142 3Dairy science 269 253, 16 83 79 4 ,30 29 1
Poultry science 67 57 10 40 38 2 16 16 - :-Fish, game, and wildlife management . . . 1,260 1,190 70 233 224 9 48 46 2Horticulture 462 392 70 138 124 14 52 51 1
Ornamental horticulture . ..... . . . 234 204 30 16 13 ` 3 1 1 -,c -.Agricultural and farm management 166 164 2 - - .- - - - - - . - - -Agricultural economics , 977 961 16 427 408 - 19 190 183 , 7
Agricultural business 871 846. 25 8 8 - -, - - - - - -Food science and techno;ogy ...... . . . 439 340 99 227 179 48 73 69 4Forestry 2,001 1,961 40 356 331 25 138 138 -
Natural resources management . . 995 881 114 118 , 106 12 20 20 - - -Agrzculture and forestry technologies . 85 83 2 5 4 1 7
Range management 155 150 5 57 55 4 2 - 19 19 - -Other 1,323 1,178 145 217 187 30 44 37 7
Architecture and environmental design . . . . 6,962 6,042 920 2,307 1,943 364 58 54 4Environ,nental design, general . . . . . 892 708 184 67 40 27 7
Architecture 3,957 3,705 252 729 657 72 7
Interior design . . . . . . . . 358 56 302 - 7 7 - - 1
Landscape architecture . . . . . . 535 479 56 155 131 24 1
Urban architecture . . . . . . . 1 1 -,- - 74 71
City, community, and regional planning . 289 249 40 1,074 871 203 37 35 2Others .. ... . . . . . . . . . . 930 844 86 201 166 35 5 3 2
Area studies . . . . . ...... .. . 3,073 " 1,464 1,609 1,023 648 375 163 117 46Asian studies, general 218 116 102 109 r 74 35 1
East Asian studies . . 119 60 t 9 72 55 17 7 6 1
South Asian (India, etc.) studies . . . . 32 14 18 16 9 7 5 3 2Southeast Asian studies . . 10 7 3 8 8 - - - 1 1
African studies . . . . . . 18 11 7 68 45 23 2 2 - -':Islamic studies . . .. . . . . . . 1 1 - -- - - - -- - - -- 2Russian and Slavic studies . . . . 152 66 86 45 36 9 1 1 - -
Latin American studies . . . 281 140 141 162 96 66 9 8 1
Middle Eastern studies . 45 21 24 5 4 1 5 5 - -.-European studies, general 33 8 25 - - - - - - - - - - -Eastern European studies 17 11 6 1 1 - - 1 1 - - -
West European studies . . . 24 12 `112 8 4American studies . . . . . . . . 1,785 4322 963 265 130 135 77 49 28Pacific area studies . . . . . - - - - - - 2 2 - - - - - - - - - - - -Other . . . . . 338 175 163 262 184 78 52 39 13
Biological sciences 42,233 29,636 {2,597 6,263 4,354 1,909 3,636 2,926 710Biology, general . . . 31,185 21,640 9,545 2,959 . 1,990 969 627 492 135
. .Botany, general . 674 432 242 367 261 106 227 178 49Bacteriology . . 373 192 181 63 37 26 26 22 4Plant pathology , 29 26 3 108 91 17 100 912 8Plant physiology . . . ...... 32 26 6 20 17 3 38 36 2Zoology, general . . 5,365 4,182 1,133 654 458 196 338 266 72Pathology, human and animal - - - - - 63 36 77 76 70 6Pharmacology, human and animal . . ',' 7 6 1 86 65 - 21 129 107 22Physiology, human and animal 193 0 143 50 179 134 45 276 221 55Microbiology .. . . 1,567 882 685 454 315 139 318 245 73Anatomy 5 4 1 88 72 16 128 93 35Histology . 1 1 - 5 5 - - - 2Biochemistry 872 677 195 270 196 74 501 399 102Biophysics 52 45 7 48 36 12 100 90 10
SOURCE U S Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Center for Education Statistics, Earned (Mayes Conferred'1972-73.
108
120
Table 105.-Bachelor's, master's, and doctor's degrees conferred by institutions of higher education,by sex of student and by field of study: 'United States, 1972-73-Continued
Maior field of studyBachelor's degrees
requi mg 4 or 5 yearsSecondIevel (master's)
I degrees
Dodoes degrees4Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)
Total Men Women Total Men Womefl Total Men 1Women
2 3 4 5 6 $' 8 9 10
Molecular biology . . 56 34 22 11 6 5 52 38 14
Cell biology . 25 17 . 8 7 3 4 4 22 14 8
Marine biology ... s . . . . . . . . . . . 96 80 16.
19 14 5 14 12 2
Biometrics end biostatistics . . . . . 7 7 - 48 24 24 . 19 16 3
Egology . . . . . . . . .......... 58 40 18 47 33 14 32 -27 5
Entomology 205 163 42 209 175 .34 189 173 16
Genetics 38 20 18 72 , 41 31 105 84 21
Radiobrolog'y ..,.... - 27 25 2 14 12 2
Nutrition, scientific 26 11 15 107 37 70 53 34 19
Neurosciences 2 1 1 3 3 - - - 14 12 2
Toxicology . . . . . . . . . 1 6 5 1 6 5 1
Embryology - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Other 1,360 1,003 357 343 275 68 2'.?0 186 44
Business and management 126,830 113, 13,385 31,166 29,638 1,528 932 879 53
Business and commerce, general 29,916 26,694 3,222 9,063 8,595 458 190 182 8
Accounting . . . . . ..... . . . . . 27,947 24,710 3,237 1,621 1,480 141 83 82 1
Business statistics . . . . . . ...... 99 77 22 99 85 14 13 13 ---
flinkirg and finance . . . . . . . 6 ,213 5,979 234 1,741 1,633 58 33 32r 1
Investments and securities . . . . ..... 55 54 1 61 58
Business management and administration . . 32,878 30,197 -, 2,681 12,488 11,965. 523 323 313 10
Operations research . . 119 114 5 369 353 '16 21 21 - -
Hotel and restaurant managenient 860 788 72 22 22 - - - - - - - - -
Marketing and purchasing 15,365 .13,884 1,481 1,078 1,022 56 75 51 "24
Transportation and public utilities . . . 567 548 19 159 157 , 2 9 8 1
Real estate 605 555, 50 75 73
Insurance 501 476 25 22 21 1 , 2
International busines . . . . . . 195 179 16 745 714 31 ' 5 , 4 1
Secretarial studies . . . . . . . 1,330 , 32 1,298 36 18 18 . 1 1 - -
Personnel management . . . ...... 1,189 1,077 112 352 327 - 25 12 12 - -
Labor and industrial relations . . . . 1,483 1,387 96 325 299 26 21 21 iBusiness economics 2,394 2,216 178 242 214 28 '74 70 4
Other . 5,114 4,478 636 2,678 2,552 126 70 67 4
Communications . . . . . . . 14,317 ,074 5,243 2,406 1,546 860 139- 114 2s
Communications, general . . . . . .2,791 1,708 1,083 770 472 298 ' 93 73 kJournalism . . . . .
6,360 3,488 2,872 976 633 343 12 - 10 2
Radio television . . . . . 2,567 2,100 467 203 155 48 3
Advertising . . . . . . 1,047 723 324 54, ., 42
Communication media . 358 259 99 98 57
Other . . . . . . . . 1,194 796 398 305 187 118 31 28 . 3
Computer and information sciences . . . 4,304 3,664 640 2,113 1,888 225 196 181 15
Computer and information sciences,general . . . . _ . . . . . . 3,278 2,770 508 1,627 1,433 194 165 154 11
Information sciences endt systems 234 202 32, 115 102 13 17 15 2Data processing . . 566 492 74 144 137
Computer programing . . .
Systems analysis . .
1497
1379
1
18 153-
146 7 - -
-
-- - -- - -
Other . . . . 115 108 7 74 70 4 14 12 2
tducation . : . . . . . ., . 194,210 61,433 142,777 105,242 44,022 61,220 7,31'4 5,501 1,813
Education, general . . . . . 3,967 745 3,222 13,095 5,674 7,421 1,691 1,265 426
Elementary education, general . . . . 89,322 9,371 79,951 21,125 3,709 17c,416 257 110 147
Secondary education, general . . 5,567 2,398 3,169 6,905 3,486 3,419 280 216 64
Junior high school education . 615 197 418 92 39
Higher education, general . . 2 1 1 316 200 116 318 261 57
Junior and coMmunity college education 1 1 199 147 52 1 1
Adult and continuing educatfbil . . 18 8 10 348 180 168 80 65 15
Special education, general . . . 5,452 791 4,661 4,272 i ,OlEtb 3,187 162 117 45
Administration of special education . 1 1 177 42 - 135 13 11 2
-Education of the mentally retarded 4,790 573 4,212 1.266 378 888 22 15 7
Education of the gifted . . . . 82 1 81 2 - I
Education of the tleaf . 419 45 374 312 58 254 2 1 1
SOURCE U S Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Cente'r for Education Siatisttcs, Earned Degrees Conferred:
1972-73
I09
12 1'
O.,
11
Table 105. Bachelor's, master's, and doctor's degrees conferred by institutions of higher education,by six of student and by field of study: United States, 1972-73,-Continued
Major field of studyBachelor's degrees
requiring 4 or 5 yearsSacondleverimastar's1
degrees
Doctor's degrees(Ph.D., Ed.D , etc.)
Total Men Women Total Mao Women Tots; Man Women
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Education of theculturally disadvantaged . 2 2 73 33 40 6 4 2
Education of the visually handicapped . 102 9 93 79 26 53 2 - 2
Speech correction 2,877 278 2,599 686 #4196 980 12 5 7
Education of tie emotionally disturbed . . 736 93 643 563 144 419 5 3 2
Remedial education i . 1 - - 1 92 15 77 '3 1 2
Spacial Warning disabilities 270 27 243 '518 54 464 ' 3 1 2
Educaticm of the physically handicapped . 242 38 204 164 38 -126 1 1
Education of the multiply handicapped . . 54 2 E2 48 6 42 -- - -
' S00111 foundations . ..... . . . , . 216 121 .95 606 362 244 197 153 44Education psychology . . . . ,. . . . 245 141 104 1,788 830 568 461 313 148Prealarnintary edutation '4,832 166 4,666 1,120 34 1,086 21' 4 17
Educational statistics and research 1 1 93 46 47 95 43 12
Education tasting, evaluation, andmcisurement 6 3 3 200 88 112 53 ,45 8
Student personnel 27 14 13 15,659 7,484 8,175 549 417 132Educational administration ...... . . . 11 6 5 8,516 6,790 1,726 1,111 1,004 107
Educational sOpervision A 7 - 17 , 605 316 289 46 . 35 11
Curriculum and instruction, . 7'. . .. . . 418 117 301 2,657 943 1,714 562 390 172Raiding education 83 1 82 .4,249 455 3,794 75 38 27Art education . . .6,215 1,613 4,602 1,103' 357 746 36 27 9MU3iC education . . . . . . . . . . . 7,438 3,202 4,236 1,483 819 664 95 73 22Mathematics education 2A89 1,136 1,353 73a 409 324 52 41 11
Scierras education . . . . . . . 1,179 615 564 910 623 287 4 89 75 14
Physical education 26,947 16,027 10,920 4,441, 3,072 1,369 259 V 78Driver and safety education . . . . . 73 67 6 137 134 3 1
Health education . .. . . . . . . . 1,299 599 700 291 289 61 42 1 9Business, commerce, and daub-- , wive education 7,933 2248 5,685 75 870 1,205 94 66 28Industrial arts. vocational, and
technical education . . . . . , . . , 8,543 8,31E 228 2,331 2,137 194 164 155 9Agricultural education . . . . . 1,200 1,168 32 440 428 12 34 P 34 6. - -
- Educsktiori of exceptional children,not classified above ' 106 19 r 102 42 60 9 6 3
Home economics education . . . . . . . . 5,91r) 41 5878 6T6 8 608 27 - - 27
Nursing education . . . . . . . . 822 17 805 240 5 235 28 - - 28Other . . . . . 3,671 1,215- 2,456 4,226' 2,059 2,167 377 282 95
Engineering . . . . . . . . . . 51,265 50,652 613 16,619 16,341 278 3,492 3,438 54Engineering, general 2,628 2,591 37 817 794 23 254 250 4Aerospace, aeronautical, astronautical
engineering . . . . . . . . . . 1,738 1,720 18 563 561 2 171 170 1
Agricultural engineering . . . . . . . 493 490 3 171 168 3 70 68 2
Architectural engineering . . . . . 324 320 4 39 39 -
Bioengineering and biomedical engineering . 86 85 1 114 104 10 54 531.
1
Chemical engineering . 3,578 , 3,494 84 1,051 1,030 21 397 395 2
Petroleum engineering . . . . . . 332 328 . 4 88 87 1 18 18 -
Civil, construction, and transportation . -engineering . . . . . . , . . = 7,390 7,318 72 2,627 2,589 38 397 388 9
Electrical, electronics, communica r
tions engineering . 12,313 12,155 158 3,895 3,846 49 791 782 9Mechanical engineering . . . . . . 8,523 8,462 61 2,141 2,122 39 370 367 3
Geological engineering v .123 117 6 .41 41 - - 4
Geophysical engineering . 24 23 1 6 6 - - 10 10I
..- .,,-
Industrial and management engineering . 3,458 3,430 28 1,595 1,566 29 1 30 121 3Metallurgical engineering - . 550 552 6 279 275 4. 125 121 4
Materials.engineering . . . . . 195 103 2 215 208 7 1.16 114 2
Ceramic engineering . 202 195 7 53 53 --- - - 20 19 1
Textile engineerinJ . . . . . . . . 34 33 1 18 17 1 - - - -
Mining and mineral engineering . . 201 139 ,, 2 53 52 1 22 22 -
Engineering physics . . 277 274 3 57 56 1 9 8 1
Nuclear engineering . . . . 328 326 2 399 .393 6 111 11Q' 1
'SOURCE U.S Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Center for Education Statistics, Earned Degrees Conferred1972-73.
411
il0
122.
./
Table 105.-Bachelor's, master's, and doctor's degrees conferred by institutions of higher education,by sex of studenj and by field of study: United States, 1972-73--Continued
Maior iiiia of study.)-
Bachelor's degreesrequiring 4 or 5 years
Stcondlevel (master's)degrees
Doctor's degrees(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)
Total Men Women Total Mon Women Total Men Women
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 3 10_____/Engineer pit mechanics 211 209 2 254 251 3 127 125 2
Environmental and sanitary engineering .. . 187 180 7 527 505 22 41 ., 38 3
Naval architecture and marineengineering 288 287 1 72 72 6
On engineering 88 88 t - - - 112 111 1 10 10 - -
. Engneeringi technologies 4,854 4,802. 52 122 120 2 19 19 -
Other 2,922 2,871 51 1,310 1,275 35 220 214 6Fine and applied arts 36,017 14,267 21,750 7,254 4,00' 3,249 616 449 167
Fine arts, general 4,281 1,555 2,725 686 357 329 53 30 23
Art' 13,156 4,988 8,168 1,793 1,087 706 12 9 3
4 Art history and appreciation 2,155 437 1,718 383 107 276 67 36 31
Music (performing, composition, theory) . . 3,585 1,658 1,927 1,866 1,000 866 245 194 51
Music (,iberal arts program) 2,998 1,318 1,680 692 386 306 68 54 14
Music history and appreciation . . . . . . . . 166 91 75 94 43 51 53 39 14
Dramatic arts 4,745 1,985 2,760 979 580 399 92 70 22
Dance . . . . . . . . ........... 431 56 375 104 14 90 1 -- 1
Applied design . . ...... 1,994 754 1,240 173 118 - 55 - - - - - - - -
Cinematography 224 196 28 82 64
PhotogrAphy ... .... 440 355 84 47 41 --Other . . . . . . . . . . ., . 1,842 873 969 355 208 147 2s5 17 8
Foreign languages . . . . . 18,964 4,608 14,356 4,289 1,536 2,753 991 592 399Pc:reign languages, geoeral 394 140 254 377 140 237 167 r 105 62
f French . . . , . . . . . 6,705 1,035 5,670 1,277 317 960 203 87 116
German . . !. . . . 2,520 867 1,653 - 598 277 . 321 176 106 70
Italian . . 313 102 211 78 25 53 27 17 10
Spanish . 7,209 1,713 5,496 1,298 443 855- 266 134 72
Russian . , 622 285 337 120 60 60 27 10 17
Chinese ... 50 48 29 21 8 13 11 2
1 lnese . , 90 29 61 16 . , 9 2 1 1
La in 274 90 184 46 17 29 7 4 3
.3re , Classical 97 63 34 25 16 9 10 7 . 3
Hebre . . . . . . . 155 76 79 63 47 16 7
Arabic . 12 9 3 3 _ 1 2 1
Indian (Asiatic) 8, 4 4 6 - 4 2 7 6 1
Scandinavian languages . . . 29 11 18 10 5 5 4 . 1 3
Slavic languages (otnel than Russian) 77 26 ,. 51 117 60 57 49 33 16
African languages (non-Semitic) V6 2 1 1 2 - - - 2 2
Other . . . . . 359 107 252 224 96 128 83 6) ...73
i ...Att. professions . . . . .33,564 7,754 25,810 8,362 3,567 4,795 646 485 161
health professions, general . . . 580 257 323 275 154 121 19 13 6
Hospital and health care adminis-trat ibn . 121 105 16 725 649 76 12 10 2.
,Nursing .
es. . . .
Dental specialties .. ,. 15,407
6460
614,947
- - -2,079
411109,404
1,9707
176
4 13
Meilical specialties 29 26 3 157 . 124 33 21 17 4
Occupational therapy .. . . . 974 64 910 75 12
' Optometry 253 235 1 b -2 2 2,
Pharmacy . -
Physical therapy .
4,9641,706
3,771371
1,1931,335
16178
131
2736 296 221 75
Dental hygiene 813 6 807 25Public health . . i 164 118 66 1563 857 706 84 60 c 24
' Medical record libririanship . . 238 17 221 - - - -
Pomatry or podiatric medicine . .
.69 69 - - - 6 6 - - - - - -
Biomedical communication _. - . - - - - - - - - - -
Veterinary medicine specialties . 2 3 91 88 3 34 31 3
, Speech pathology and audiology . 2,574 315 2,259 1,404 237 1,16/ 69 46 23
Chiropractic . . . - - .--- -
Clinical social work 41 10 31 483 263 220 3 2 1
Medical laboratory teclinologies 3,748 636 3,052 77 18
Dental techDologices . 17 11 6 - - - - - - - - - - -
SOURCE- U S Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Center for Education S statics, Earned Degrees Conferred
1972 73
1 1 1
123
Table 105.--Bachelor's, I ',tar's, and doctor's degrees conferred by institutions of higher education,by sex of stu and by field of study: United States, 1972-73-Continued
Malor field of studyBachelor's degrees
requiring 4 or 5 years,Second-level (master's)
degrees
Doctor's degrees(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)
Total L Men t Women Total Men 'Women Total I Men 1 Worn1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Radiologic technologies 80 48 32 40 21 19 3Other 1,757 1,166 591 *- 704 465 239 80 70 10
Horne economics 13,533 503 13,030 1,679 156 1,523 165 40 125Home economics, general 5,513 83 5,430 682 43 639 49 2 47Home decoration and home equipment . 360 18 362 27 4 23 1
Clothing and textiles 2,206 27 1,999 133 7 126 7Consumer economics and hont -management 398 8 390 81 9 72 6 , 1 5Family relations and child development . . 2,635 145 2,490 365 60 305 67 28 39Foods and nutrition 1,438 51 1,387 317 25 292 33 9 24Institutional management and cafeteria
management 349 132 217 25 6 19 - - - - - -Other 794 39. 755 49 2 47 2
Law 474 434 40 1,048 977 71 37 36 1
Law, general 412 381 31 375 350 25 29 29 - - -Other 62 53 9 673 627 46 8 7 1
Letters 70,960 29,233 41,727 12,345 5,301 7,018 2,754 1,925 829English, general . . . . : . . ...... 47,518 16,445 31,073 6,771 2,555 4,216 1,178 772 406,Literature, Englip 4,096 1,684 2,412 834 344 490 272 157 115Comparative literature .; . . . . . 396 134 262 204 75 129 118 69 49Classics 354 211 143 117 68 49 58 39 19Linguistics 442 152 290 452 224 228 177 126 51
Speech, debate, and forensic science 7,450 3,239 4,211 1,867 771 1,096 309 22b 83Creative writing 114 70 44 225 161 64 5 3 2Teaching of English as a foreign language . . 19 8 11 323 106 - 217 , 4 3 1
Philosophy . . . . . . . . . . . ..... 5,918 4,569 T,349 629 501 128 409 344 65Religious studies 3,224 2,137 1,087 589 339 250 171 155 16Other . . . . . . .......... . . 1,429 584 845 338 157 181' 53 31 22
Library science . . . . ...... . . . . 1,159 87 1,072 7,696 1,676 , 6,020 102 60 42Library science, general . . . . . 1,079 81 , 998 7,509 1,601 5,908 91 52 39Other 80 6 74 187 75 112 11 8 3
Mathematics ........ . . . . . . . . 23,067 13,796 9,271 5,028 3,525 1,503 1,068 966 102Mathematics, general . . . . . . . . . 22,307 13,275 9,032 4,271 2,941 1,330 842, 765 77Statistics, mathematical and theoretical . 220 139 81 430 334 96 172 153 19Applied mathematics . . ....... . 352 262 90 176 144 32 41 37 4
188 120 6til 151 106 45 13 11 2Military sciences . . . . . . . . 253 253 --- --- - - - - -.- - - - - -
Military science (Army) 6 6 - - - - - . - - - - -
Naval science (Navy, Marines) 9 9 - . - - - - - -Aerospace science (Air Force) . 44 44 - -. - - -- - -- - - -
Merchant Marine . . , . . 172 172 - - - - - - - - - - -
Other . . . . . . . . . 22 22 - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - - - - - -Physical sciences . . . 20,696 17,626 3,070 6,257 5,414 84. 3 4,006 3,738 268
Physcial sciences, general . . 1,040 848 192 , 251 208 43 57 57 - - -
Physics, gegeral . . . . . . 4,123 3,827 296 1,735 1,628 107 1,303 1,256 47Molecular physics 11 9 2 1 1 - 12 11 1
Nuclear physics . . . . . . 125 113 12 11 5 6 23 20 3Chemistry, general . . . . . . . . . 10,099 8,188 1,911 2,130 1,679 451 1,686 1,533 153inorganic chemistry . . . . . . 15 11 4 13 10 3 18 16 2Organic chemistry . . . . . . . 5 1 4 21 17 4 63 54 9Physical chemistry ., . . . . 5 4 1 17 13 4' 39 30 9Analytical chemistry . . . ..... - - - - 17 A 6 1 21 21 - - -
chemistry . . . . . 4 4 -' - 27 26 1 45 40 5Astronomy . . . . . . . . . 110 87 23 89 78 11 90 84 6Astrophysics . . . . . . . . . . . 33 30 3 3 2 1 7 6 1
Atmospheric sciences and meteorology 251 242 9 174 165 9 42 41 1
Geology 2,842 2,463 379 771 688 83 270 258 12Geochemistry . ..... . . . 12 10 2 10 9 1 9Geophysics and Seismology 69 62 7 46\ 45 1 26 26t arth sciences, general 900 785 115 310 241 69 34 30 4Paleontology . . . . . 2 2 5 - -
SOURCE U S Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Centel for Education Statistics, Earned Degrees Conferred:1972-73
.1112
124
Table 105.-Bachelor's, master's, and doctor's degrees conferred by institutions of higher education,by sex of student and by field of study: United States, 1972-73-Continuad
Major field of studyBachelor's degrees
mug ng 4 or 5 yearsSecond-level (master's)
degrees
Doctor's degrees(Ph.D., Ed.D. etc.)
Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men ' Women
1 2 3 4 5 o 7 8 9 10
Oceanography . ,. . . . .......... 292 273 19 154 141 13 89 81 8Metallurgy 20 20 . - - - 35 33 2 18 18 - - -
Other earth sciences 130 109 21 81 68 13 26 25 1
Other physical sciences 608 538 ' 70 356 336 20 126 120 6
Psychology 47,695 24,976 22,719 5.831 3,495 2,336 2,089 1,484 605Psychology, general .-.-. .. _ . . . . . 46,542 24,450 22,092 4,137 2,518 .1,619 1,577 1,154 423
ExPerimental psychology 82 50 32 85 57 28- 604 43 17
Clinical psychology 13 4 ,9 395 237 158 205 " 133 72
Psychology for counseling 85 38 47 423 221 202 56 37 19
Social psychology . . . .. .. ...... 151 74 77 '36 23 13 58 41 17
Psychometrics - - - - - - - - - 35 19
----Ssausticsy_i_mchplogy - - - - - 3 1 2 - - -
Incrust's-1 psychOTOgY . .-.-. ,,,-. 22 _ 20 2 26 21 5, 9 - - -
Develojimerttel-pcychology . . . . . . 26 - - - 26 63 27 36 15 6 , 9Physiological psychology . . . . . . 13 8 5 5 1 4 12 7 5
Other . . . . .. . 761 332 429 623 370 253 97 54 43Public affairs and services . . . . . 17,843 9,520 8,323 10,990 5,883 5,107 219 177 42
Community services, general . . . . . . 499 228 271 73 50 73 4 1 3
Public administration ....... .. . . 601 550 51 2,448 2,153 295 67 62 5
Parks and recreation management . 2,724 1,701 1,023 391 260 131 14 10 4
Social work and-helping services . .. 8,021 2,116 (-6,905 6,808 2,525 4,283 111 82 29
Law enforcement and corrections . . . 4,381 3,790 591 342 276 66 3
International public service . . . . 48 31 17 189 76 113 41,569 1,104 465 739 543 196 16 15 1
Social sciences . . . . . 156,361 99,909 56,452 17,318 12,545 4,773. ° 4,230 3,569 661
Social sciences, general . . . . 18,033 10,067 7,966 1,878 1,2E16 592 63 58 5
Anthropology . . . , . . . . 5,608 2,563 3,045 807 459 348 361 246 115_,..
Archaeology . .r . . . . . ._._. 117 34 83 15 7 8 12 8 4
Economics . . .. . 14,770 12,735 2,035 2,225 1,945 280 845 793 52History . . .. 40,943 26987 13,956 5,030 3,447 1,583 1,140 977 163Geography .. . . .. 4,201 3,276 925 809 667 142 227 211 16
Political science and government . 30,100 24,219 5,881 2,398 1,918 480 747 652 95Sociology . . . ' '-. . . . . . 35,436 15,580 19,856 1,923 1,146 777 583 429 154Criminology . . . . . . . . . . 1,307 1,059 248 119 100 19 8 7 1
International relations . . . . . . . . 1,04C 754 295 864 757 167, 75 61 14
Afro-American (Black culture) studies . . . 351 155 19E 21 10
American Indian cultural studies . . 4 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mexican American ruin. studies . . 84 46 38 9 6 3 - - - - -
Urban studies . .. . . . .. . 891- 542 ,349 670 e-'440 230 7 5 2
Demography . . 2 2 - - - 19 15 4 3Other . . 3,465 1,886 1,579 531 342 189 159 119 40
Theology 3,534 2,621 913 2,778 2,036 742 666 644 22
Theological professions. general . . 1,676 1,469 207 1,347 1,213 134 546 529 17
Religiourmusic . . 113 66 47 120 88 32 7 6 1
Biblical languages 14 14 - - 6 6Religious education . 1,016 497 519 1,053 520 533 42 , 40 2
Other .. .. . 715 575 140 252 209 43 , 68 66 2
Interdisciplinary studies . . 20,292 13,533 6,759 2,546 1,384 1,162 199 i65 34
General liberal arts and sciences . 8,201 5,659 2,542 1,210 47E' 739 8 5 3
Biological and physical sciences . 2,923 2,290 633 395 285 110 18 16 2
Humanities and social sciences 2,501 1,361 1,140 215 79 136 21 16 5
Engineering and other disciplines 230 226 4 248 236 12 87 77 10
Other . . . . . . 6,437 3,997 2,440 478 313 165 65 51 14
SOURCE U S Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Center for Education S atistics, Earned Degrees Conferred:1972-73
113
125
Table 106.--First-professional degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, IN sex ofstudent and by field of study: UnitedStates,"1971-72 and 1972-73
Field of study 4! 1 97)-72 1972-73Total Men Women Total Men Women'
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Total, all institutions 43,411 40,723 2,688 50,018 46,489 3,529
Dentistry (D.D.S. or D.M.D.) . 3,862 3,819: 43 4,047 3,992 55Medicme (M.D.) . . 9,253 8,423 1 830 10,307 9,388 919Optometry (0.13.1 ..... .. . . . . . . 670 655 15 771 751 20Osteopathy (13.0.1 . ..... . 484 467 17 523 508 15Podiatry (Pod.° c- D.P.) or po ....... medicine
(D.P.M ) 279 278 i 1 278 277 1
Veterinary medicine (D.V.M.) . . . . . .. . . . . . 1,247 1,130 117 1,299 1,166 133Law (LL.B. or J.D.) ..... . . . i ...... .. . . 21,764 , 20,266 1,498 27,205 25,037 2,168Theology (8.D., M. Div., or Rabbi) 5,568 5,460 108 5,283 5,101 182Other 284 225 59 305 MO 36
SOURCE U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Center for Educ.!Ition Statistics, reports on Earned DegreesConferred.
.Table 107:fiumber-of-firstprial degrees conferred in dentistry, medicine, and law,_ by sex: United States, 1949.50 to 1973-74
Dentistry (13.0 S. or D M D.) Medicine (M D.) Law (LL.B. or J.D.PNumber of Degrees conferred Number of Degrees conferred Number of I Degrees conferred
Year ,institutions institutions institutionsconfeiring Total Men Women conferring Total Men Women conferring Total Men Women
degrees degrees ,,...-'degrees
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
1949-50 . 40 2,579 2,561 18 72 5,612 5,028 584 - - - - - - - - -
1950.51 . . 40 2,803 2,768 35 72 6,014 5,563 451 - - - - - - - - - -
1951.52 . 41 2,918 2,895 23 72 6,201 5,871 330 - - - - - - - - - - -
1952 -53 . 41 2,935 2,920 15 72 6,686 6,326 360 - - - - - -
1953-54 . . 42 3,102 3,063 39 73 6,712 6,377 335 - -
.54-55 42 3,099 3,071 28 ' 72 7,014 6,683 331 128 8,209 7,921 288
1955-56 . 42 3,009 2,975 34 73 6,810 6,464 346 131 8,262 7,974 288
1956.57.- . 43 3,038 3,011 27 I 75 6,744 6,397 347 127 8,794 8,525 . 269
1957-58 43 3,065 3,031 34 75 6,816 6,469 347 131 9,394 9,122 272
1958-59 . 43 3,150 3,136 14 76 6,825 6,457 368 132 9,856 9,599 257
1959.60. 45 3,247 3,221 26 79 7,032 6,645 387 134 9,240 9,010 230
1960-61 46 3.265 3,247 18 79 6,940 6,610 330 134 9,429 9,182 247
1961-62 . ,. 46 3,183 3,166 17 -81 7,138 6,749 389' 134 9,364 9,091 273
1962-63 . . 46 3,169 3,145 24 81 7,231 6,831 400 134 9,884 9,582 302
1963.64 46 3,180 3,166 12 82 7,303 6,878 425 133 10,679 10,372 307
1964-65 . 45 3,107 3,085 22 81 7,304 6,932 472 . 134 11,583 11,216 367
1965-66 . . 47 3,178. 3,146 32 84 7,673 7,170 503 136 13,246 12,776 470
1966-67 . 47 3,341 3,312 29 83 7,723 7,159 564 134 14,663 14,112 551
1967-68 . 48 3,422 3,375 47 85 7,944 7,318 626 138 16,454 15,805 . 6491968-69 48 3,408 3,376 32 84 8.025 7.415 610 140 17,053 16,373 680
1969-70 . . 48 3,718 3,684 34 86 8,314 7,615 699 145 14,916 14,115 801
1970-71 . . 48 3,745 3,703 42 89 8,919 8,110 809 147 17,421 16,181 1,2401971-72 48 3,862 3,819 43 92 9,253 8,423 830 147 21,764. 20,266 1,498
1972.73 51 4,047 3,992 55 97 10,307 9,388 919 152 27,205 25,037 2,168
1973-747 52 4,440 4,355 85 98 11,212 9,964 1,248 151 29,326 25,986 3,340
' Data prior to 1954-55 are not shown because they lack SOURCES U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare,comparability with the figures for subsequent years National Center for Education Statistics, Earned DegreesPreliminary data Conferred, and unpublished data
Ill
126
Table 108.-Earned degrees conferred by institutions of highereducation: United Stat , 1889-70 to 1973-74
YearEarned degrees conferred
All degrees-_ _--
Bachelor's andfirst- professional
Master's except-, first-professional!
Doctor's
_____T- 3 4 5
1869-70 9,372 9,371 0 1
1,6179-801889 -90889-90 -
1899-1900 . -
13,829a
,375
12,89615,53927,410
8791,0151,583
54149382
1909 -10. . ,755 37,199 2,113 443
1919-20 .. 53,516 48,622 4,279 6151929-30 - 139,752 122,464 14,969 2,2991939-40 - . 216,521 186,500 26,731 3,2901941.42 213,491 185,346 24,648 3,4971943-44 141,582 125,863 13,414 2,305
1945-46 . . 157,349 136,174 19,209- 1,9661947-48 317,607 271,019 42,400 4,1881949-50 . 496,661 432,058 58,183 6,4201951-52 401,203 329,886 63,534 7,6831953-54 . 356,608 _ 290,825 ___ 56,788- 8,996
1955-56 ,_ - -376973 308,812 -59,258- , -1i1,9031957-587 436,979 362,554- 65:487 8,9381959-60 - 476,704 392,440 74,435 9,8291961-62 . 514,323 417,846 84,855 11,6221963-64 - . . 614,194 498,654 101,050 14,490
1965-66 . . - 7097832 551,040 140-.e5 ---- 18,2371967.68 866,548 666,710 - 176,749 23,0891969.70 1,065,391 827,234 208,291 29,8861971.72 1,215,680 930,684 251,633 33,3631972.73 ' - 1,270,528 -972,380- 263,371 _ _ _ 1,777197374' 1,310,380 999,530 277,030 ' 33,820' Beginning in 1965-66, includes all master's degrees.'Preliminary data-
NOTE -Beginning in 1959-60, includes Alaska and Hawaii
SOURCES U S Department of health, Education, and Welfare, National Center forEducation Statistics, Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, Earn'edDegrees Conferred,. and unpublished data -
Table 109.Engineering degrees conferred by rnstitutiolis of highereducation, by level of degree: United States, 1948-49 to 1972-73
YearAll
engineeringdegrees
Bachelor's andInst.-engineering
'degrees'
.
Master's degrees' Doctor's degrees
1 2 3 4 5
1948-49 . 50,385 45,171 4,797 4171949 50 . 58,066 52,668 4,904 4941950-51 47,451 41,709 5,156 5861951.52 . 34,879 30,152 4,141 5861952.53 28,376 24,042 3,742 592
1953-54 26,853 22,088 4,175 5901954-55 . 27,527 22,445 4,483 5991955-56 31,488 26,154 4,724 6101956-57 36,876 31,049 5,231 5961957-58 41,551 35,116 5,788 647
1958-59 45,355 37,891 6,750 7141959-60 45,624 37,679 7,159 7861960-61 44,812 35,692 8,177 9431961-62 44,667 34,551 8,909 1,2071962-63 44,298 33,285 9,635 1,378
1963.64. 47,533 35,013 10,827 1,6931964-65 - . 50,664 36,485 12,055 2,1241965-66 51,592 35,615 13,674 2,3031966-67 - 52,448 35,954 13,880 2,6141967.68 55,482 37,368 15,182 2,9321968-69 59,865 41,248 15,240 '3,3771969.70 63,753 44,479 15,593 3,6811970-71 70,127 50,046 16,443 3,6381971-72 71,795 51,164 16,960 3,6711972-73 71,376 51,265 16,619 3,492
' Also includes other postgraduate predoctoral degreesNOTE -Beginning in 1959-60, includes Alaska and HawaiiSOU/ICES U S Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Center for
Education Statistics, Engineering,Depres, 1965-66, Earned Degrees Conferred, andunpublished data .
115
127
1
TA
ble
110.
--D
octo
r's d
egre
es c
onfe
rred
by
60 la
rge
inst
itutio
ns o
f hi h
er e
duca
tion
1962
-63
to 1
971-
72
Tot
al,
Ran
kIn
stitu
tion
1962
4319
63-6
41
-65
1965
-66
196
647
1967
-68
1968
-69
1969
.70
Ord
er 2
1962
-63
to 1
971-
72I
1970
.71
(197
1-72
12
34,
56
78
910
1112
13
Col
umbi
a U
nive
rsity
(N
.Y-
Uni
vers
ity o
f Cal
iforn
ia a
t Ber
kele
yU
nive
rsity
of W
isco
nsin
Uni
vers
ity o
f Illi
nois
Uni
vers
ity o
f Mic
higa
n
Har
vard
Uni
vers
ity (
Mas
s )3
Ohi
o S
tate
Uni
vers
ityM
ichi
gan
Sta
te U
nive
rsity
Uni
vers
ity o
f Min
neso
taN
ew Y
ork
Uni
vers
ity.
Sta
nfor
d U
nive
rsity
(C
alif
Indi
ana
Uni
vers
ity.
Uni
vers
ity o
f Cal
iforn
ia a
t Los
Ang
eles
Pur
due
Uni
vers
ity (
Ind
IC
orne
ll U
nive
rsity
(N
.Y
Mas
sach
uset
ts In
stitu
te o
f Tec
hnol
ogy
iND
-dU
nive
rsity
of T
exas
...
Uni
vers
ity o
f Chi
cago
MU
.
Pen
nsyl
vani
a S
tate
Uni
vers
ityU
nive
rsity
of S
outh
ern
Cal
iforn
ia
Yal
e U
nive
rsity
(C
onn
IU
nive
rsity
of P
enns
ylva
nia
Nor
thw
este
rn U
nive
rsity
(Ill
.)U
nive
rsity
of W
ashi
ngto
n.
.
Uni
vers
ity o
f Iow
a
Iow
a S
tate
Uni
vers
ity o
f Sci
ence
and
Tec
hnol
ogy
Uni
vers
ity o
f Mis
sour
i'.
Uni
vers
ity o
f Mar
ylan
dU
nive
rsity
of F
lorid
a.
Cas
e W
este
rn R
eser
ve U
nive
rsity
(O
hio)
`
Prin
ceto
n U
nive
rsity
(N
.J.)
.
Uni
vers
ity o
f Pitt
sbur
gh (
Pa.
).
Uni
vers
ity o
f Nor
th C
arol
ina
at C
hape
l Hill
Flo
rida
Sta
te U
nive
rsity
Rut
gers
, The
Sta
te U
nive
rsity
(N
J I
.
Uni
vers
ity o
f Ore
gon
.
Uni
vers
ity o
f Col
orad
oU
nive
rsity
of K
ansa
sS
yrac
use
Uni
vers
ity (
N.Y
.)..
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 19 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39
7,09
66,
770
6,66
96,
506
5,52
8
5,35
84,
901
4,70
24,
531
4,52
6
4,52
24,
484
4,18
24,
074
3,78
7
3,68
33,
644
3,39
73,
107
3,03
5
2,98
42,
980
2,90
22,
862
2,78
0
2,45
52,
427
2,40
12,
195
2,16
9
2,16
82,
141
2,02
12,
008
1,99
1
1,93
61,
911
1,81
41,
808
517
418
42$
450
379
446
329
223
314
349
276
266
224
290
212
274
219
280
202
169
231
164
196
161
205
174
100
110 99 146
172
137
117 84
111 70 108 92 90
602
497
458
495
403
483
341
303
316
362
301
322
269
302
259
306
243
273
201
175
253
212
198
182
223
201
122
116
129
148
192
135
138
81 147 93 123
107
102
616
,58
553
149
336
4
471
397'
368
366
345
382
342
.306 322
312
335
249
290
232
205
,29
524
623
622
622
4
216
.
184
177
159
180
171
158
162
126
172'
124
148
128
132
631
645
545
545
'43
9
491
362
355
396
385
403
383
311
345
319
360
336
306
258
241
285
251
241
252
225
208,
190
166
185
145
222
169
164
131
160
152
189
139
131
750
722
627
589
475
516
425
423
408
438
498
384
396
361
358
386
359
293
258
261
'285 26
227
926
628
2
248
219
205
215
177
215
161
155
182
191
172
153
160
152
796
675
720
660
548
568
457
461
489
439
491
448
442
403
405
351
381
328
276
341
278
285
298
290
278
253
217
241
244
235
229
185
213
207
198
203'
193
186
193
823
803
749
721
627
554
542
530
484
- 50
7
527
547
481
484
431
414
448
384
344
322
316
368
320
332
292
271
267
295
265
271
212
181
238
233
229
246
193
233
194
815
823.
900
809
686
588
622
675
546
519
505
561
615
576
494
439
418
361
379
,393
348
373
360
342
319
296
362
350
296
295
238
315
241
286
245'
273
251
268
290
705
841
759
848
915
796
870
874
809
798
612
629
676
?50
731
633
,
613
599
574'
608
557
608
57,
568
498
493
521
476
48 523
444
843
652
1,45
347
5
345
348
378
441
464
370
432
379
389
343
311
277
361
405
339
402
303
300
327
245
255
262
326
'374
278
315
314
364
233
305
260
343
252
301
260
, 241
257
267
Uni
vers
ity o
f Okl
ahom
a.
401,
758
9110
712
215
517
617
222
524
522
424
1_
John
s H
opki
ns U
nive
rsity
(M
d.)
411,
714
103
119
136
141
148
219
201
223
212
21'2
Duk
e U
nive
rsity
4213
/04
106
115
141
159
158
181
164
223
220
237
Uni
vers
ity o
f Ten
ness
ee43
1,62
277
7791
9810
317
519
723
628
628
2
Uni
vers
ity o
f Uta
h.
.44
1,61
981
8192
114
151
142
193
248
238
279
Okl
ahom
a S
tate
Uni
vers
ity.
451,
607
6394
120
144
182
168
170
218
218
230
Bos
ton
Uni
vers
ity (
Mas
s.)
461,
575
116
106
118
111
123
158
208
216
214
205
Lot..
isia
na S
tate
Uni
vers
ity47
1,57
410
499
9511
714
816
117
819
822
125
3
Uni
vers
ity o
f Neb
rask
a.
481,
555
9110
199
135
171
160
155
213
222
208
Way
ne S
tate
Uni
vers
ity49
1,52
089
9011
112
414
314
818
819
020
822
9
Cat
holic
Uni
vers
ity o
f Am
eric
a ID
.0-
501,
500
118
107
129
130
133
143
182
191
210
157
Uni
vers
ity o
f Roc
hest
er IN
Y./
511,
490
9386
104
119
144
15-1
184
215
203
188
Tex
as A
& M
. Uni
vers
itys,
521,
474
4573
8613
013
615
61
7721
621
524
0
Sta
te U
nive
rsity
oN
ew Y
ork
at B
uffa
lo53
1,44
037
5172
100
114
134
218
248
249
21 7
Uni
vers
ity o
f Aiiz
aha
Uni
vers
ity o
f Geo
rgia
54 551,
421
1,39
444 41
63 '51
99 5511
5 9215
413
513
811
813
715
621
419
724
5(
256
212
293
Ore
gon
Sta
te U
nive
rsity
....
....
561,
338
6682
9911
993
145
T59
156
207
212
Uni
vers
ity o
f Virg
inia
..
571,
271
5873
6490
119
129
155
176
226
181
Uni
vers
ity o
f Cal
iforn
ia a
t Dav
is.
581,
269
6262
8710
911
0,1
4314
715
419
220
3
Uni
vers
ity o
f Nor
th C
olor
ado
..
..
.59
1,23
4 ,
7181
7810
110
019
113
714
716
016
8
Nor
th C
arol
ina
Sta
te U
nive
rsity
at R
alei
gh60
1,22
354
5495
9512
310
214
316
320
518
9
Incl
udes
Ph.
D.,
Ed
0 ,
and
com
para
ble
degr
ees
at th
e do
ctor
al le
vel.
Exc
lude
sfir
st-p
rofe
ssio
nal d
egre
es, s
uch
as M
.D ,
D D
S ,
and
D.V
.M.
Inst
itutio
ns r
anke
d by
tota
l num
ber
of d
octo
r's d
egre
es c
onfe
rred
dur
ing
the
1 0-
year
perio
d 19
62-6
3 to
197
1-72
3Inc
lude
s de
gree
s co
nfer
red
by R
adcl
iffe
Col
lege
.E
stim
ated
by
the
Nat
iona
l Cen
ter
for
Edu
catio
n S
tatis
tics.
;.
Incl
uoes
deg
rees
con
ferr
ed b
y th
e U
nive
rsity
of K
ansa
s C
ity, w
hich
bec
ame
a br
anch
of
the
Uni
vers
ity o
f Mis
sour
i in
1966
-67.
°Inc
lude
s de
gree
s co
nfer
red
by C
ase
Inst
itute
of T
echn
olog
y an
d W
este
rn R
eser
veU
nive
rsity
prio
r to
thei
r m
erge
r in
196
6-67
.S
OU
RC
E: U
.S. D
epar
tmen
t of H
ealth
, Edu
catio
n, a
nd W
elfa
re, N
atio
nal C
ente
r fo
rE
duca
tion
Sta
tistic
s, E
arne
d D
egre
es C
onfe
rred
.
Table 111.--Statiitical profile of persons receiving doctor's degrees,', by field ofstudy: United States, 1973-74
ItemAll
fields
Field of studyArts and
humanitiesEdu
cationEngineer-
ing
Lifesciences
Mathe-matics
Physicalsciences
Professionalfields
Socialsciences
1 2 3 ' 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Doctor's degrees conferred ' 33,000 5,174 7,261 3,144 4,694 1,196 3,696 9121 6,156
Sex (percents) 3
Men . . . . . . . . .. 80 6 69 7 73.3 98.9 82.4 90.4 93.0 86.3 76.7
Women 19.4 30.3 267 '1.1 17.6 9.6 7.0 13.7 23.3Racial/ethnic group (percents)
White 77.6 83.6 79.3 62.7 74.8 (3) 374.3 78.2 82.3Black . . . P.. .. ....... 3.1 2.0 7.3 1.1 2.0 (3) 31.2 2.8 2.5American Indian . . . .. . . . . .4 .4 .6 .2 .3 .; (3) '.3 .5 .3
Chicano .9. 1.0 1.1 .8 1.2 (3) '.6 .5 .6
?uerto Rican .2 .3 .2 .2 .1 (3)3 f .1 .2
Oriental 6172.2 2.1 198 9.9 (3) 3 1 2 .1 3.6 3.2
Other . . . .1 (4) 1 .1 ..2 (3) '.,2 .1 .1
Unknown . 1 1 . 1 10 3 9.3 15.3 1 1 . 5 ( 3 ) 3 1 1 .2 14.1 10.6Citizenship (percents)
United States .. . 81.3 88.6 92.3 56.8 75.2 73.0 75.4 81.1 85.0Foreig. 16.1 8.7 5.7 401 21.9 24.8 22.6 140 12.4Unknown', . . . . ....
Marital status (percents).2 6 2.7 2.0 3.1 2.9, 2 2 2.0
.---il 7 , 2.6
Married . . . . . . 70 8 65 2 . 75.8 71.2 73 0 64.7 69.0 72.8 69.7Not married . . . . . . . . 24.5 29.4 20.0 23.9 22.9 31.6 27.0 20.1 25.7Unknown . . . . . . 4.7 5 4 4.2 4 9 4.1 3.7 4.0 7.0 4.6
Median age at doctorate (years) . . 31.4 32.1 36.3 30 3 30.1 ;.2.1.2 29.1 32.9 30.6Median time lapse from bachelor's
degree to doctorate (years) . . . , . 8.5 9.3 12.4 7.6 7.2 7.1 6.7 9.9 7.7Percent with bachelor's degree in
same field as doctorate 57 8 64.8 42.3 82 8 41 7 76.1 79.1 37.9 58.5Postdoctoral study (percents)
Fellowship .. . . . . . .. .. 6 8 1 7 .9 4 3 19.9 3.7 18.9 .5 4.0Research associateship . . 5 9 8 .6 7 0 13.4 3 8 21.8 6 2 3Traineeship . . .6 2 .4 .3 10 .8 .6 .5 .9
1 6 1 7 .9 .6 4 0 1 0 1.4 .6 1.4
Postdoctoral employment (percents)Educational institution . . 51 6 74.0 91.2 20 4 31.1 61.4 17:1 68.1 57.0Industry, business 9.8 2.6 1 8 42 6 8.1 11 2 19.7 6.0 4.6Government . . . . 8 9 2 1 9 7 12.5 9.9 5.2 9.7 6.2 11.9Nonprofit orgarrization 3.3 1.8 3 4 2.5 2.0 .8 9 7 5 6.6
Other and unknown . . 4 0 5.1 4 9 3.0 3 1 5.4 3.3 1 8 4.0Postdoctoral status unknown 7.5 10 1 6.0 7.0 7 4 6.8 6.7 8.4 7.2
Primary postdoctoral workactivity (percents)
Research and development 72.2 3 7 6 7 62.3 42 2 30.7 58.4 7.4 1,6.6
Teaching . 50.5 83 7 43 2 19 8 37.7 57.0 27.2 68.9 57.2Administrative . . . 11.3 3 2 32.5 2 7, 3.6 2 4 2.8 9.0 4.5Professional services . 8.8 2.3 10 7 6 5 7.6 4.3 3.2 8.3 15.6
Other . . . . 1 8 2.1 9 3.4 2.3 .9 2.9 '.6 1.7
Unknown 5.3 49 6.T 53 66 46 5.6 4.8 4,4
Includes Ph.D , Ed D , and comparable degrees at the doctorallevel Excludes first-professional degrees, such as M D , D D.Sand D V.MIncludes 58 degrees in other or unspecified fields not shownseparately
3Mathernetics is included under physical sciences4 Less than 05 percent.
NOTE -1 he above classificat.on of degrees by field differssc,mewhat from that in most publications of the
National Center for Education Statistics. The majordifferences are that history is included under arts andhumanities rather than social sciences,and psychology isincluded under social sciences. Because of rounding,percents may not add to 100.0.
SOURCE National Academy of Sciences, National ResearchCouncil, Summary Report-1974 Doctorate Recipients fromUnited States Universities.
130118
Table 112.--Male college graduates in the population, by field of highest degree: United States, March 1967
iField of highest deciee
Number (in,
thousands)r..,Percent 'Field of highest degree
Number (inthousands)
Percent-
1 2 3 1 2 3
Total 6,350 100.0 Humanities .. . . . . . .. 379 6.0English and journalism . . . . . 174 2.7
Biological sciences . .. 285 4 5 Speech and drama 31 0.5Agriculture . .... 136 2.1 Foreign languages and literatures 53 0.8Zoology 16 0.2 Philosophy 47 0.7Forestry 16 0.3 All other fine and applied arts' . .. 74 1.2 -
All other biological sciences' . 11 7 1.8Law 406 6.4
Business and commerce 1,171 18.4 Physical sciences 533 8.4Accounting 236 3.7 Mathematical subjects ..... 124 2.0All other business 935 14.7 Chemistry 223 3.5
and commerce' ..... . . Physics 93 1.5
Education 975 15.4 Geology 38 0.6Elementary education . . . . 24. 0.4 All other physical sciences' , 55 0.9Educational administration 75 1.2 Religion . . ........ . . . . 142 2.2Industrial arts (educational) .. . 37 0.6 Theology 110 1.7Physical education . . . . ..All other education . . .. ,
58781
0.912 3
All other religion' -32 0.5
Social' sciences 678 10.7Engineering , 1,000 15.7 Psychology . . . . . . . 95 1.5
Civil engineering 111 1.7 Economics 174 2.7
Electrical engineering . . . . 173 2.7 History 158 2.5Mechanical engineering . . . 188 3.0 Political science . . . . . . 61 , 1.0
All other.engineeringl . . .. 528 8.3 Sociology .. . , . . . . . 55 0.9All other social sciences' 135 2.1
Health professions . . . . . 477 7.5Dentistry ID.D S. and D.M.D.). 93 1.5
Other fields'
178 2.8
Mediolhe (M.D.) . . . . . . 235 3 7 Architecture .. .... . . . 54 0.8
Pharmacy 80 1.3 All other 124 2.0
Ail other health professions' , . 69 1.1 Not reported ........ . . . 126 2.0
Includes "not specified "SOURCE U.S Department of Commerce,Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, Series P-20, No. 201.
Table 113.--Associate degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of student and by typeof degree: United States, 1965-66 to 1971-72
Sex of student and type of degree 1965-66 1966-67 1967-68 1968-69 1969-70 1970 -71 1971-72
' 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
All associate degrees . . . , 111,607 139,183 159,441 183,279 206,023 252,610 292,119
Men .. . . 63,779 78,356 00,317 105,661 117,432 144,395 166,317
Women . . .. . 47,828 60,827 69,124 77,618 68,591 108,215 125,802
Associate in arts 72,034 88,785 101.269 113,709 127,903 (' ) ('_)
Men . . . 39,132 47,984 54,472 62,452 70,113 ( ' ) (' )Women 32,902 40,801 46,797 51,257 57,790 (' ) , (I)
Associate in science . 18,928 25,801 31.146 36,454 40,743 (' ) (' )
Men . 11,472 15,434 19,252 22,922 24,748 (I ) (I)Women . . . . 7,456 10,367 11,894 13,532 15,995 (' ) e)
All other associate degrees 20,645 24,597 27,026 33,116 37,377 (I) (I)
Men . . 13,175 14,938 16,593 20,287 22,571 (1 ) (' )Women . 7,470 9,659 10,433 12,829 14,806 (') (' )
n' Data not available
NOTE -Associate degrees are based on at least 2 but less than 4years of work beyond high school. Except for the years1965-66, 1970-71, and 1971-72, respondents have beenasked to report only degrees which are based on at least
2 years of work that is wholly or. chiefly creditabletoward a bachelor's degree.
SOURCE U.S Department of Health, Education, and Welfare,National Center for Education Statistics, Associate Degreesand Other Formal Awards Below the Baccalaureate.
131119
Table 114.Formal awards based on organized occupational curriculums at the technical or semiprofessionallevel in-institutions of higher education, by length and typl'of curriculum and by tax Of recipient:
United States and outlying areas, 1971-72
CurriculumAll awards
Awards based on organizedoccupational curriculums of-
At least 2 yearsbut less than 4 years
At least 1 yearbut less than 2 years
Total Men WomenI Total Men 1Women Total Men
1
All eurrIcalums
2 4 1 5 6 7 8 9
Science and engineeringrelated curriculums . .
Mechanical and engineering technologies . .
Mechanical engineering, generalAeronautical and aviationEngineering graphicsArchitectural draftingChemicalAutomotive
;Welding;Welding'CivilElectronics and machineElectromechanical .
Industrial . . . . . . ..... .
TextileInstrumentation . . .
Mechanical . .
Nuclear . . . . . .
Construction and building . . .
All other mechanical engineeringtechnologies . . . . . . .
Naturalsci4nce technologies .
Natural science, general .
Agriculture . . . .
Forestry and wildlife . . .
Food services . . . . . .
Home economics . . .
Marine and oceanographic .
Laboratory, general , . . .
Sanitation and pf.blic health inspectionAll other natural science technologies .
Health services and paramedical technologies.
Health services assistant, generalDental assistant .
Dental hygiene . . . .
Dental laboratory . . .
Medical or biological laboratory assistant.Animal laboratory assistantRadiologic . .
Nursing, R.N . . .
Nursing, practical . .
Occupational therapySurgical .
Optical .
Medical record . . .
Medical assistant and medicaloffice assistant . .
Inhalation therapyPsychiatricElectro diagnosticInstitutional managementPhysical therapy .
190,039 101,423 66,616 1 152,724 66,1115
107,946 60,764 47,182 1 83,069 49,405
65 939 37,316
33,664 24,877
14.536
Women
10
22,777
11,359 13,518
44,145 43,530 " 488 9,599
.2,803 58 642,284 51 ' 321
2,284 47 5762,019 62 288
452 '62 153,283 8 1.818
555 280645 . . 903
2,039 11 457,615 27 1,4871,430 5 951,410 13 890
85 93 , 66175 2 12
2,349 9 320
,06 8 53,178 6 1,743
1,386 26 671
615 l 34,546 34,058
2,9252,6562,9072,369
5295;109
8351,5482,0959,1291,5302,313
244189
2,67879
4,927
2,083
2,8652,6012,8442,297
4665,094
8351,5482,0839,1011,5242,275
103187
2,66670
4,917
2,054
9,418
60 2,86155 2,33563 2,33172 2,08163 51415 3,291
' . 555. 645
12 2,05028 7,642
6 1,43538 1,423
141 1782 177
12 2,3589 -74
10 3,184
29 1,412
9,472 127
62317560278
141,911
280903
441,486
94865
1812
3174
1,739
668
24
1610
7
1
2548.
31
4
3
6,919 2,499 8,394 6,246 2,148 1,024 673 351
7953,3211,523
8861,210
334162632555
45,412
2022,7793,113
3741,826
1621,727
18,2119,939
287'12344,6
\1,828
982842
55225355
564 231 7952,955 366 3,1081,495 28 1,432
577 309 56532 1,178 1,041
309 25 30768 94 162
518 114 482401 154 502
5642,7701,404
39427
.28268
388349
4,412 41,000 32,288 3,616
52 150 18538 2,741 1,02844 3,069 3,058
268 106 341"
368 1,458 1,32760 102 161
550 1,177 1,484886 17,325' 18,063250. 9,689 1,750
22 265 21365 358 10494 5218 429
128389
\ 69 1,759 948\545 437 887232 610 825
6\ 49 42135 90 16
60 295 331
523544
24732560
4868805719
0 329018
62500224
51354
231338
28171
1,014259494
153
21391
321169
27
15053
18591
1835
27
13052
28
138164
20
28,672 13,124 796 12,328
133993
3,01494
1,002101
99817,1831,693
1947238
371
886387601
373
277
171,751
5533
4991
243148
8,18974
3191858
880951713
20924
3
21
43
646
193. 3
334
7
4581
'1226
171,748
55-12
456
179142
7,99671
2861458
87350
9128718
120
132
Table 114.--Formil awards based on organized occupational curriculums at till technical or semiprofessionallevel in institutions of higher education, by length and type of curriculum and by sex of recipient:
United States and outlying areas: 1971-72-(Continued)
CurriculumAll awards
Awards based on organizedoccupational curriculums of-
At least 2 yearsbut less than 4 years
At feast 1 yearbut less than 2 years
Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women
1 27 3 5 6 7 8 9 10
All other health services andparamedical technologies 1,489 650 839 1,008 413 595 481 237 244
Data-processing technologies 8,971 5,903 3,068 7,841 5,485 2,356 1,130 418 712
Data processing, general 5,669 3,793 1,8/6 5,349 3,651 1,698 320 142 178
Key punch operator and other Inputpreparation 402 39 363 43 14 29 369 25 334
Computer programer . . . . . 2,198 1,590 608 2,031 1,485 546 167 105 62
Computer operator and peripheralequipment operation 431 252 179 155 111 44 276 141 135
Data processing equipment maintenance . .
All other data processing technologies . . .
104167
104125 42
104159
104120 -39 5 , 3
Nonscie'nce-and nonengineering-relatedcurriculums . . . . . . . . . . 82,093 40,659 41,434 69,655 37,480 32,175 12,438 3,179 9,259
qusiness and commerce technologies 61,077 27,996 33,081, 51,003 26,065 24,938 10,074 1,931 8,143
Business and commerce, general . 12,781 9,539 3,242 12,202 9,273 2,929 579 266 313
Accounting . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,583 4,342 2,241 5,912 4,096 1,816 671 246 425
Banking and finance . . . . . 349 242 107 303 214 89 46 ,28 18
Marketing, distribution, purchasing,business, and industrial management 10,155 7,604 2,551 9,330 6,946 2,384 825 658 167
Secretarial 20,335 300 20,035 14,092 247 13,845 6,243 53 6,190
3ersonal service . . . 1,297 115 1,182 517 29 488 780 86 694
Photography . . , . , . . . . 619 545 74 561 496 65 58 49 9
Communications and broadcasting 986 776 210 959 751 208 27 25 2
Printing and lithography . . . . . . 600 560 40 507 489 18 93 71 22
Hotel and restaurant management 1,258 920 338 1,191 880 311 67 40 27
Transportation and public utility . 409 329 80 280 207 73 129 122 7
Applied arts, graphic arts, andfine arts . . . . 3,873 1,755 2,118 3,755 1,687 2,068 118 68 50
All other business and commerce.?echnologies 1,832 969 863 1,394 750 644 438 219 219
All other nonscience- and nonengineering-related curriculums . . . 21,016 12,663 8,353 18,652 11,415 7,237 2,364 1,248 1,116
Public service related, general 504 226 278 469 209 260 -35 17 18
Bible study or religion related 929 471 458 732 370 362 197 101 96
Education 5,170 852 4,318 4,449 787 3,662 721 65 656
Library assistant . . . 571 85 486 473 74 399 98 11 87
Police, law enforcement, corrections 9,204 8,462 742 8,397 7,721 676 807 741 66
Recreation and social work related 1,965 796 1,169 1,902 788 1,114 63 8 55
Fire control 1,205 1,199 6 1,000 994 6 205 205
Public administration andmanagement . . 186 156 30 163 134 29 23 22 1
Other . . . 1,282 416 866, 1,067 338 729 215 78 137
SOURCE. U S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Center for Education Statistics, Associate Degrees and
Other Formal Awards Below the Baccalaureate, 1971-72
121
133
Table115.--Current-fund revenue of institutions of higher education, by control ofinstitution and by source of revenue: United States, 1972-73
[Amouhts in thousands of dollars]
.
0.Source
.. Current-fund revenue, by control of institution
Public and Private Public Private
Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent
1 2 3 4- 5 6 7
Intel current-Nal revenue $28,606,216 100.0 $18,785,178 11)0.0 $9,821,037 100.0
Educational and general revenue ..,.., 22 127 065 77.4 15 12,729 80.5 7 014 336 71.4
Tuition and fees from students 6,010,926 21.0 2,519,019 13.4 3,491,907 35.6
Federal Government . . . . ...... 3;393,319 11.9 2,266,4801.-
12.1 1,126,838 11.5
757,324Unrestricted appropriations 2.7 603,504 3.2 153,820 1.6
For sponsored research . . . . . . . ...... 1,658,095 5.8 978,571 5.2 679,524 6.9 'For other sponsored programs . . . . ..... . . 977,900 3.4 684,405 3.7 2931494 ' 3.0
State governmentsgovernments . 7,917,825 27.7 7,744,436 41.2 173,388 1.7
Unrestricled appropriations . . . .. . . ,-. 7,679,818 26.8 7,539,017 40.1 140,801 1.4
For sponsored research 79,490 .3 65,391 .4 14,098 .1
For other sponsoled programs . 158,517 .6 140,028 .7 18,489 .2
Local governments . . . . . . . . . 1,143,529 4.0 1,077,659 5.7 65,870 .6
Unrestricted appropriations .. r 1,034,547 3.6 .1,031,026 5.5 3,521 (l I
For sponsored research . . . . . . 11,850 .1 8,120 1') 3,730 (I I
For other sponsored programs . . .. ..... . 97,132 .3 38,513 .2 58,619 .6
Endowment earnings . . . . ..... . . . . . . 515,014 1.8 65,049 .4 449,992 4.6
Private gifts and grants 1,300,343 4.5 374,338 2.0 926,004 9.4
Unrestricted gifts . 822,483 2.9 117,960 .6 704,523 Z.2
Philanthropic, research . . . . . . 113,883 .4 45,040 .3 6§,843 .7
Other grants, research 172,071 .6 104,601 .6 67,470 .7
Philanthropic, other programs 60,178 .2 , 25,459 .1 34,718 .3
Other grants, other programs . . . . . . . 131,728 .4 81,278 .4 50,450 .5
Recovery of indirect costs . . . . . . 472,254 1.7 240,410 1.3 231,843 2.4
For spoOsored research . . 388,731 1.4 193,456 1.0 195,275 2.0
For other sponsored programs . 83,522 .3 46.954 .3 36.568 . .4
Other educational ad general revenue . . . 1,373,831 4.8 825,338 4.4 548,494 5.6..3
Auxiliary enterprise reve4IR . .. 3,466,934 12.1 2,127,622 11.3 1,318,312 13.6.
Student-aid grants . . 800,075 2.8 431,662 2.3 368,414 3.8
Federal Government . . . 380,982 1.3 235,197e 1.3 145,785 1.5
State governments . . . 138,008 5 96,169 .5 41,840 4
Local governments - 5,126 1'1 4,551 lt 1 575 () )
Private gifts and grants . 158,110 6 74,835 .4 83,275 .9
Endowment earnings . . . .. . . . 86,467 .3 ' 11,874 .1 74,593 8
Other studentaid grants .. 31,382 ,,.1 9,036-x_
(I ) 22,346 -.2
2,212,141 . 7.7 1,113,165 5.9 1,098,976 11 2Major service programs . . . . . . .
Federal funds for hospitals . . . . . . a 30,64i 1 12,310 1 18,337 .2
Other hospital revenue .. . . . 91,150,743 4 0 676,875 3 6 473,868 48
Other major service program revenue' . . . 1,030,751 3.6 423,980 2.2 606,771 6.2
' Less than 0.05 percent , SOURCE U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare,'Revenue for federally funded research and development centers National Center for Education Statistics, Financial Statistics of
were reported in this Item. Institutions of Higher Education, 1972.73.
NOTE -Because of rounding, details may not add to totals
13t1??
Table 116.-Current-fund revenue of institutions of higher education from State and local governments* ralattd to total current-fund revenue, by control of institution and by State: 1972.73
4,
State
I
..
Publicly controlledinstitutions'
Privately contrilladinstitutions
Amount (inthousandsof dollars)
. Percent,oftotal
Curren fundrevenue
Amount (inthousands'of dollars)
Pant of'total
Curren fundrevenue\
1 3t 3 4 5
United States . 118.922.815 48.2 $281,873 2.11
. .Alabama 6106,585 33.2 ., - 1,439 2.5Alaska .. . . . . . . . 25,813 52.8 ,, -1:1 137 3.9
Arizona 131,413 49.5 -4° 44 .4-
Arkansas 59,691 43.3 . 14 .1
California 1,377,223 54.8 5,297
Colorado4!..,
122,474 35.4 255 .5
Connecticut 103,434 58.1 4,921 2.0 .4
Delaware 25,418 38.5 22 .3
District of Columbia 31,136 70.1 "670 , .2
Florida . . . . . . . ' 284,303 , 52 1 3,950 t 2.2
Georgia . . . . 155,246 47.7 . 1,854 1.2
Hawaii .. .
Idaho . . . .
.
.
.
.
..
. .
47,68034,822
40.852.3
i........, ...
Illinois . . . . , 520,328 56.7 . 20,166 2.6Indiana . . . . 213,303 40.3 3,030 1.7' .
,
lows . 121,732 39.7 358 .3
Kansas 110,300 43.0 204 .6
Kentucky . . . . . 148,896 52.8 61 .1
Louisiana . . . i, . . . 141,970 522 622 .8 .
Maine 32,201 46.0 128 .3
Maryland . 158,878 45.1 3,321 1.4
Massachusetts . . . . 155,736 61,5 4,389 .4
,Michigan . . . . , . 445,603 43.8 1,138 .8
I Minnesota 163,901 36.5 1,849 . 1.6
Mississippi . 94,492 43 0 .... ....
Missouri . . . . . 176,393 51.8 2,211 0 1.0
Montana . . .. . . . . 31,799 44 3 ... ....Nebraska . - 63,223 40.8 181 .4
Nevada . .
New Hampshire ... .
. .
.
. . .
21,69317,813
55.131 0
....30 ;
( i
New Jersey . . . . 195,045' 54.9 10,228 4.4 ,New Meitico . . . . . 51,221 37.1 32 .4
New York . . . . . -907,811 68 9 149,586 8.7
North Carolina . . . . . 222,807 c 48.1 1,891 7
North Dakota 25,703 33.6 14 .3 '.
Ohio . . . 3,616 33.5 6,525 1.8
Oklahoma . . . 80,447 32:9 6 (21
Oregon . . . 104,687 39.1 819 1.8
Pennsylvania . . . 341,819 42.3 40,947 5.1
Rhode Island . . 36,512 50.5 469 .6
South Carblina . . . . . 93,420 45.6? 170 ' .3
South Dakota . . , 20,026 27 5 4 13 l
Tennessee . . . 144,027 45.9 588 3
Texas ,456,534 50.3 . 8,117 2.9
Utah . , . . . . 59,664 33.4 336 .§
Vermont . . . 14,541 25.8 151 .3
Virginia . . . 161,839 38.4 5 12)
Washington . . 209,499 '49.7 110 .2
West Virginia . 67,684 58.1 , 120 .5
Wisconsin . . . . 300,402 49 4 5,26? 4.5Wyoming . . 22,016 42.7 ... .. .
Excludes U S service schoolsLcss than 0 05 percent
NOTE -Because of rounding, details may not add to totals.
1 2
135
SOURCE, U.S. Department of sHealth, Education, and -Welfare, National Center for Eduution Statistics, FinancialStatistics of Institutions of Higher Education, 1972-73.
Table 117.--Current-fund revenue of institutions of higher educationdw control of institution Andby State: 197142 and 197243(Amounts in thousands of dollars!
StateOr
other area
1971-72 1972.73Percent change,
1971-72 to 1972.73'
Total Public Private Total Public Privet/ Total Public Private
i 2 3 4-
5 6 7 8 9 10
United States - . . $26,234,259 $17,079,01) $9,154,3112. $21,606,21$ $19,T915,1711 $9,921,037 9 10 7:
Alabama 327,131 274,906 52,226 379,422 321,146 58,277 16 17 tfAlaska ..... . . 49,736 43,170 6,566 52,442 48,892 3,550 5 13 -54Arizona . .. . 246,004 237,164 8,840 276,540 265,518 11023 12 - 12 75Arkansas .... . . . . . 150,259 127,280 22,979 163,637 137,817 25,820 9 . 8 1 2
California . . ...... 3,122,549 2,258,108 864,440 3,448,272 2,512,538 935,733 10 11 8
Colorado 371,173 318,877 52,296 400,405 345,702 54,703 8 8 5Connectioyt . 408,794 169,414 239,379 430,108 177,988 252,120 5 5 5Delaware 64,192 56,541 7,651 73,562 66,035 7,527 15 '17 -2District of Columbia .. 353,174 43,312 309,862 380,485 44,415 336,069 8 3 8Florida 634,877 467,713 167,164 726,121 544,539 181,582 14 16 9
Georgia 431,969 293,019 138,950 481,781 325,180 156,601 12 11 13Hawaii 121,964 114,326 7,637 125,610 116,984 8,627 3 2 13Idaho .75,256 61,515 13,740 81,046 66,606 14,440 8 8 5Illinois . 1,575,775 836,666 739,109 1,689,197 917,478 771,719 7 10 4Indiana . . 666,558 498,340 168,217 703,818 529,222 174,596 6 6 4
Iowa . . . . . . . 398,308 289,116 109,192 418)94 ' 306,814 111,680 5 '''6 2Kansas . . . . . . 271,604 235,812 35,793 292,758 256,424 36,334 8 9 2Kentucky . . . $07,274 253,108 54,166 338,567 281,791 56,776 10 11 5Louisiana . . 304,488 .226,423 78,066 353,980 272,079 81,901 16 20 5Maine 99,827 64,010 35,818 108,279 70,153 38,16 8 10 6
Maryland . . . . . 530,914 309,515 221,398 . 592,348 352,025 240,324 12 14 9Massachusetts . . . 1,184,307 232,027 952,280 1,284,022 26.3,202 1,030,82Y 8 9 8Michigan . . . . . 1,073,381 938,848 134,532 1,169,448 1,022,763 146,685 . 9 9 9Minnesota . . . .. 485,891 384,976 100,915 561,407 448,666 112,742 16 17 12Mississippi . . 214,562 191,897 22,665 243,678 219,865 23,813 14 15 5
Missouri. .. 530,615 316,293 214,322 571,833 340,644 231,189 . S 8 8Montana . . . . . 06,714 70,988 5,726 77,869 71,828 6,041 2 1 6Nebraska . ... . . 186,504 143,460 43,044 202,567 155,137 47,430 9 8 10Nevada . . 37,126 37,041 85 39,465 39,369 97 6 6 14New Hampshire . . . 120,375 52,722 67,653 131,247 57,498 73,749 9 9 9
New Jerry . . . . . . 560,401 344,509 215,892 586,597 355,580 231,017 5 3 7'New Mexico . . 132,317 123,531 8,766 145,232 137,926 7,305 10 12 -17New York .. . 2,871,411 1,214,055 1,657,356 3944,766 1,.18,290 1,726,476 , 6 9 4North Carolina 696,559 437,707 258,852 741,418 453,180 278,238 6 6 7
North Dakota . .. . 77,590 73,521 4,070 81,132 4 76538 4,594 5 4 13
Ohio .. ..,. 1,116,608 786,137 330,470 ,1,203,964 '346,725 357,238 8 8 8Oklahoma . 272,956 233,975 38,981 287,846 244,672 43,174 5 5 11
Oregon 295,055 251,397 43,658 313,122 268,107 45,014 6 7 3
Pennsylvania 1,456,509 730,685 725,825 1,608,498 807,436 801,062 10 10 10Rhode Island . . . . . 140.138 63,481 76,657 154,726 72,375 82,351 10 14 7
Sputh Carolina . . . 235,549 175,096 60,454' 270963 205,004 65,959 15 17 9South Dalregoo , 89,515 72.743 16,772 90,292 72,747 17,546 1 It I 5Tennessee . ' . 460,424 258,000 202,424 519,529 291,96i 227,562 13 13 12Texas 1,087,793 J343,989 243,804 , 1,206,944 928,313 278,630. 11 10 14Utah . . . ) . 230,443 161,672 68,771 254,076 178,704 75,372 10 11 10
Vermont . . . .
Virginia . . . .
..,
.
95,468457,787
k1,528364,855
44,94092,933
100,787521,178
56,299421,100
44,488100,077
614
1115
1
8Washington - 430,771 375,140 55,631 482,532 421,600 60,932 12 12 10West Virginia . 141,445 114,266 27,179 143,145 116,477 26,668 1 2 -4Wisconsin.. 668,701. 562,479 100,222 725,921 608,683 117,238 9 8 10'Wyoming 49,319 49,319 51,552 51,552 5 5 . .
U.S Servrce Schools . 246,198 246,198 ' 273,585 273,585 11 11
Outlying areas : . . . 166,656 , 131,156 35,500 195,693 153,090 42,603 17 17 20
American Samoa 744 744 818 818 10 10.Canal Zone , 1,101 1,101 1,211 1,211 ... 10 10 . .
Guam . 8,288 8,288 8,958 8,958 . .. 8 8Puerto Rico 150,210 114,710 35,500, 177,331 134,728 42,683 18 17 20Virgin Islands . , 5,870 5,870 6,887 6,887 . 17 17 . ..yrust,Te;ritories 443 443 488 488 . 10 10 .. .
Less than 0.5 percent
NOTE -Because.of rounding, details may not add to totals
SOURCE U S Department of Health, Education, and Welfare,National Ceriter for4Education Statistics, Financial Statistics ofinstitutions of Higher Education.
124
136
Tab
le 1
18 -
- In
com
e of
inst
itutio
ns o
f hig
her
educ
atio
n: U
ed S
tate
s, 1
919-
20 to
197
2-73
[In th
ousa
ndi o
f dol
lars
)
Item
1919
.20
1929
-30
T10
39-4
019
49-5
019
E9.
6019
65-6
619
67-6
819
89-7
019
71.7
219
7273
12
34
56
7.
89
1011
Cur
rent
-fun
d in
com
e '
Edu
catio
nal a
nd g
ener
alS
tude
nt tu
ition
and
fees
'F
eder
al G
over
nmen
tV
eter
ans'
tuiti
on a
nd fe
es'
Res
earc
h'.
..
..
..
Oth
er p
urpo
ses
..
Sta
te g
over
nmen
ts'
..
Loca
l gov
ernm
ents
..
End
owm
ent e
arni
ngs
Priv
ate
gifts
and
gra
nts'
Rel
ated
act
iviti
esS
ales
and
ser
vice
s of
edu
catio
nal d
epar
tmen
tsO
ther
edu
catio
nal a
nd g
ener
al.
....
...A
uxili
ary
ente
rpris
esS
tude
nt-a
id in
com
e'...
...
..
.
Oth
er c
urre
nt in
com
e .
..
..
..
.
Pla
nt-f
und
rece
ipts
fede
ral G
over
nmen
t.
Sta
te g
over
nmen
ts ..
......
..
..
Loca
l gov
ernm
ents
mei
-.,-
Priv
ate
gifts
and
gra
nl,"
Loan
s-no
nmst
itutio
nal s
ourc
esLo
ans-
inst
itutio
nal s
ourc
es.
..
..
Tra
nsfe
rs fr
om o
ther
fund
sM
isce
llane
ous
rece
ipts
..
..
.....
Oth
er fu
nd r
ecei
pts
Priv
ate
gifts
and
gra
nts
Oth
er s
ourc
es.
Nat
mai
ms
in p
rinci
pal o
f fun
ds^
End
owm
ent f
unds
''A
nnui
ty fu
nds
'
Stu
dent
loan
fund
s
$199
,922
1722
942
,255 13
1
12,7
83' 6
1,69
01'
;26
,482
7,58
4 (')' (
3)22
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26,9
93 (3)
..
19,1
94 ....
11,1
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013
)(3
)13
).
l" I
(3)
50,9
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....
.. ...
$554
,511
483,
065
144,
126
.131
20,6
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50,8
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68.6
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60.4
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(3)
13)
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)
I') .... ... ....
$715
,211
571.
288
2013
,07 .
.131
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222
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)11
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923 1')
....
66,2
0922
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18,4
042.
154
22,6
63 13)
13 (3)
(3)
44,5
111
36,3
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142
(' )
....
..
$2,3
74,6
451,
833,
352
394,
610
307,
325 I')
'21
6,99
4.4
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3661
,700
96,3
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8,62
711
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n (3
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,625
511,
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747
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50,0
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..
..
.
....
....
$6,7
$5,5
37
4,68
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-3,4
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7,26
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6,30
51,
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476
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4,87
245
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88,2
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004,
283
92,9
02
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$'5
7,59
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9,51
336
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196,
408
361,
111
31,8
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8,57
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,122
496,
950
209,
146
289,
804
419,
310
375,
178
11,8
5432
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$12,
734,
225
10,2
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669,
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,...
.1
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4,31
431
6,45
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8,23
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0,74
4
704,
036
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5
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2,47
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910
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777
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V5,
986,
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327,
072
488,
630
562,
576
662,
576 1')
1'1
616,
625,
11$
13,8
45,5
983,
380,
294
....
3,34
8,24
0
4,18
1,07
050
3,66
136
3,99
084
8,45
068
9,82
111
8,61
841
1,45
5,4
81,6
7049
7,93
0...
. 1')
....
.. .. ....
....
.0
l' I
v...
.-
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$21,
515,
242
16,4
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2°2'
384
5,78
7,91
077
4,80
344
7,27
51,
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4,97
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7,80
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59,7
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900,
390
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g 1,
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....
... ... ... ...' ... ....
....
367,
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367,
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(9)
(')
$26,
234.
259
20,2
00,2
695,
594,
095
....
3'09
8'89
1.7,
120,
982
991,
034
480,
806
1,20
8,07
069
0,44
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148,
711
967,
231
3,30
8,95
776
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0,44
2 (') .....
....
, .... ....
....
....
....
.. .
....
729,
641
729,
641 1')
'(')
821,
1101
1.21
4
22,1
27,0
656.
010,
926
....
3,39
3.31
97.
917,
825
1,14
3,52
951
5,04
11,
300,
343
610,
342
163,
482
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934
800,
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'2,2
12,1
41 (').
...
.....
.'
....
... '
....
....
552,
116
852,
116
1' I 1')
' Tui
tion
and
fees
rec
eive
d fr
om v
eter
ans
unde
r P
ublic
Law
550
are
rep
orte
d un
der
stud
ent f
ees
and
not u
nder
inco
me
from
the
Fed
eral
Gov
ernm
ent.
' Inc
ome
from
the
Fed
eral
Gov
ernm
ent f
or r
esea
rch
at a
gric
ultu
ral e
xper
imen
t sta
tions
adm
inis
tere
d by
land
-gra
nt in
stitu
tions
is in
clud
ed u
nder
Fed
eral
Gov
ernm
ent "
othe
rpu
rpos
es,"
not
und
er "
rese
arch
."3
Dat
a no
t sep
arat
ely
colle
cteu
.'In
clud
es F
eder
al a
id r
ecei
ved
thro
ugh
Sta
te c
hann
els
and
regi
onal
com
pact
s..
'Inco
me
from
Sta
te a
nd lo
cal g
over
nmen
ts ta
bula
ted
unde
r "S
tate
gov
ernm
ents
."'B
egin
ning
in 1
967-
68, t
he p
rivat
e gr
ants
rep
rese
nt' n
ongo
vern
men
tal r
even
ue fo
rsp
onso
red
rese
arch
and
oth
er s
pons
ored
pro
gram
s7
Soe
cific
ally
des
igna
ted
or e
arm
arke
d fu
nds.
a
'Maj
or p
uttli
c se
rvic
e pr
ogra
ms
prev
ious
ly r
epor
ted
in F
eder
al G
over
nmen
t res
earc
h, in
rela
ted
activ
ities
, and
in o
ther
item
s of
edu
catio
n an
d ge
nera
l rev
enue
.
'Dat
a no
t col
lect
ed.
' °D
oes
not i
nclu
de in
terf
und
tran
sfer
s.' '
Incl
udes
fund
s fu
nctio
ning
as
endo
wm
ent;
incr
ease
cal
cula
ted
on b
ook
valu
e.
NO
TE
.-B
egin
ning
in 1
959-
60, d
ata
are
for
50 S
tate
s an
d th
e D
istr
ict o
f Col
umbi
a; c
hili
for
earli
er y
ears
are
for
48 S
tate
s an
d th
e D
istr
ict o
f Col
umbi
a. B
ecau
se o
f rou
ndin
g,de
tails
may
not
add
to tq
tals
.
SO
UR
CE
: U.S
. Dep
artm
ent o
f Hea
lth, E
duca
tion,
and
Wel
fare
, Nat
iona
l Cen
ter
fqr
Edu
catio
n S
tatis
tics,
Fin
anci
al S
tetis
ticso
f ins
titut
ions
of H
ighe
r E
duca
tion.
.4- -
Table 119.--Federal obligations' to the 100 universities and colleges receivingthe largest amounts: Fiscal year 1974'
(In thousands of dollars)
University or collegeRan k .
order
Federaloblige-non'
Upive-city or collegeRankorder
Federaloblige-Lion'
1 . 2 3 . 1 2 3
" AU universities and collars
100 universitiet or colleges receiv-mg the largest amounts . . . . ..
University of Washington .. .. .
University of California, Los Angeles .. . .
University of Wisconsin, Madison .
Harvard University (Mass.) . .. . ..University of California, San Diego .. . .
Massachusetts Institute of Technology . . .
University of Minnesota .. . .
Howard University (D.C.)Stanford University (Calif 1University of Michigan ... . . . . .
University of Calitornia, Berkeley .. .
Columbia University (N.'s' )Johns Hopkins University (Md.) ... .Yale University (Conn IUniversity of Pennsylvania .
University ot Chicago . . . . .
Cornell Univesity (N.Y ) .
University of California, San Francisco . .
University of Illinois, Urbana .. . . . .
New York University .. . . .
Ohio State University .
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill .. .Washington University (Mo ) . . .
University of Southern CaliforniaUniversity of Colorado . .
Michigan State University .
Duke University IN C.) . ,
University of Utah .
Yeshiva University IN Y) .
University of Pittsburgh (Pa I .
Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity of Iowa . .
University of Hawaii, ManoaPurdue University (Ind 1Univernty of Miami (Fla)
University of Rochester IN Y IUniversity of Texas, AustinUniversity of Alabama, BirminghamBaylor College of Medicine (Tex 1Case Western Reserve University (Ohio) .
University of California, DavisUniversity of Florida . . .
University of OklahomaMeharry Medical College (Tenn INorthwestern University (III I
University of KaniasBoston University (Mass ) .
Texas A & M University .Unisersity of KentuckyCalifornia Institute of Technology .
1
2., 3
45
6789
10
1112131415
1617181920
21222324
2627282930 --
3132333435
3637383940
414243
45
4647484950
$4,462,623 University of tritons ............University of Virginia ...........Temple University (Pa)Colorado State University - .-.Un:versity of IllinAs, Medical Center
Indiana University, Indianapolis ...... .
Georgetown University (D.C.)Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute (Mass.)University of Cincinnati (Ohio)Vanderbilt University (Tenn.)
University of New Maxi&University ,of Maryland, Baltimore ....University of Tennessee, KnoxvilleRutgers University (N.J.)University of Texas Health Science Center,.Houston
George Washington Unii)ersity (D C.)University of Georgia ,
City University of New York, MountSinai School of Medicine ... .. ..
State Universal/ of New York,Buffalo
_ _
Oregon State Univers ty .. . .. . .
Tulane University (La) ) ... .. ....University of Missouri, Columbia . . , . ..University of Texas Health Science
Center, Dallas . ... ......University of Maryland, College Park _
University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras . .
Princeton University (N.J.) . . . . .. .
North Carolina State University, Raleigh . .
Emory University (Ga.) .College otMedi cone and Dentistry of New JerseyUniversity of Connecticut .. . .
Creighton University (Nebr.) . . .
Wayne State University (Mich) ) . . .
Indiana University, Bloomington ___ -University of California, Irvine - . .. ,University ot Massachusetts, Amherst .. .
Tufts University (Mani . ..... .. _____University of Missouri, Kansas City .
Virginia Poly4chnic Institute .... . -
Iowa State University of Science andTechnology .. . ... .. .. ,
Florida State University .....-
West Virginia University- . .. .
Utuversity-ortexas Medical Branch,Galveston . . . . .. .
Rockefeller University (N.Y.)University of Alaska .
Oklkhoma State University .. .
Thomas Jefferson University Hospital. .(Pa / . . ...
Virginia Commonwealth University ''''..Auburn University (Ala.) . ..
Utah State University . . ..University of Vermont ..
5152
5455
5657585,9
60
61626364
_ --65
6667
68....---
69
707172
13-7475
76,77787980
81112-14025838485
_86-8788
8990
91
92939495
96979899
100
21,51120,8O2
,62018,97518,900
18.88718,86818,8541 8,63218,576
18,52518,51917,795
17,634
17,595
17,59417,450
- 11404
17,084
15,870it:05016,821
16;72916,69216,663
16,66216,57316,35616,30215,495
14,994
14,65214,61414,249
14,06413,96013,362
12,91612,801
12,608
12,55312.54012,52812,264
11,88111,82511.73311.41911,414
2,941,468
81,89073,68573,60272,53971,112
'69,51168,06547,02966,78963,870
63,42859,99258,34755,50853,987
50,53549,45244,82044,37443,820
41,95540,25638,57538,09336.708
35,43334,95033 681,
33.47932,901
32,21130,77330,41229,80129,425
29,24629,00928,99328,82028,557
28,28327,95226,64625,62225,208
24,86123,16523,13122,83422,024
' Amounts shown represent avords to irldividual institutionsAwards to the administrative offices of University systems areexcluded bee/nisi/null allocetion of fundsu unknown.
'Represents total obligatibrn fro) 14 Federal agencies whichaccounted for over 95 percent of all Federal obligations touniversities and colleges, and for 99 percent of all Federal,obligations to, research and development to such institutionsExcludes obligations of some agencies not included in- thesurvey, such as the Department of Justice, the National
Foundation for Arts and Humanities, or the Consumer Products Safety Commission
'Excludes 586 million obligated to the Charles Stark DraperLaboratories, now an independent nonprofit research institute
SOURCE National Science Foundation, Federal Support toUnrvorsities, Colleges, and Selected Nonprofit Institutions,Fiscal Year 1974
1:6
138
WHO PAYS FOR HIGHER EDUCATION?
The National Center for Education Statistics hasestimated that c..-;:kges and universities in the UnitedStates spent an average of $2,219 to educate eachfull-time student dining the academia year 1971-72.The cost per student was somewhat lower for publiclycontrolled institutions ($2,020) and substantiallyhigher for privately controlled colleges and universities($2,800). It is generally recognized thit college stu-dents, through their tuition and fees, pay for only aportion of the cost of, their education. Publiclycontrolled institutions derive a substantial part of theirincome from governmental appropriations, especiallyState governments, while private cdlleges and universi-ties depend upon a variety of other sources, includingprivate gifts and grants, endowment earnings, and theFederal Government.
The average full-time undergraduate student at-tending a publicly controlled' institution in his or herhome State (or local district in the case of studentsattending locally controlled colleges) paid $376 intuition and fees for the academic yeit 1971-72. Publicinstitutions received some additional funds from out-of-State and graduate students, so that the averagetuition and fees for all students was $447. Forundergraduate students attending privately controlledinstitutions in 1971-72, the average tuition and ,fees
'came to $1,820. Some additional charges to graduatestudents brought the overall average to $1,827.
Figure 12 shows the amounts and the percentagesthat colleges and universities teceived from tuition andfees and from other sources. The "student education'expenditures used in these computations_ include ex-penditures for general - administration, instruction,
departmental research, other sponsored programs,libraries, and physical plant maintenance and opera-tion. Over the past decade the percentages representedby tuition and fees as a source of revenue for "studenteducation"expenditures have remained very stable. Theincreases in tuition and fees in recent years have onlykept pace with the increasing expenditures for "stu-dent education."
"Student education" expenditures are a portion ofeducational and general expenditures and excludeexpenditures for separately budgeted research, ex-tension and public service, and organized activities ofeducational departments. The excluded items are thosewhich largely serve the general public rather than thestudents.
C. GEORGE LINDStatistician
Figure 12.Cost of student education from tuition and fees and from othersources, by control of institution:
Publiclycontrolledinstiti; one
$2,020 per F 1E student
United States, 1971-72
Privatelycontrolledinstitutions
$2,800 per FTE student
FTE fulltime equivalent.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Educa-tion, and Welfare, National Center for Educa-tion Statistics, Financial Statistics of Institu-tions of Niglio.- Education and Projections ofEducational Statistics.
127
139
Table 120.--Private gifts and grants to institutions of higher education, by control of institution:United States, 195960 to 1972.73
(Amounts in thousands of dollars)
Control of institution and purposeof private gift and grant
1959-60 1961.62 196364 1965.66 1967-68 1969-70 1971-72 1972-73
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
GIFTS AND GRANTS TO ALL INSTI-TUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION
Educational and general funds' . .
As percent of total educational and generalrevenue . . . .. . . . . .
Research, included in educational and generalfunds'
Student-aid funds . . . . . . .
As percent of total student-aid revenue' . .
Plant funds . . . . .. , . .
As percent of total plant-fund income'Real property, appraised value . .
As percent of gross additions to plant assetsEndowment funds . . .. .
As percent of total endowment income ap-plied to educational and general rev-enue and to student-aid revenue .
Annuity and living trust funds . .. . .
Student loan funds . .
GIFTS AND GRANTS TO PUBLICLYCONTROLLED INSTITUTIONS
Educational and general funds' .
As percent of total educational and generalrevenue . . . . . .
Research, included in educational and generalfunds' . . . . . .. .
Student-aid funds . . . .
As percent of total student-aid revenue'Plant funds . ...... .
As a percent of. . .
total plant-fund income .
Real property, appraised value . .
As percent of gross additions to plant assetsEndowment funds . . . . . . . . .
As percent of total endowment income ap-plied to educational and general rEve-nue and to student-aid revenue .
Annuity and living trust funds .
Student loan funds . . . . .
GIFTS ANO GRANTS TO PRIVATELYCONTROLLED INSTITUTIONS
Educational and general funds'As percent of total educational and general
revenue .
Research, included in educational andgeneral funds' . .
Student-aid funds .
As percent of total student-aid revenue'Plant funds .
As percent of total plant-fund incomeReal property, appraised value
As percent of gross additions to plant assetsEndowment funds
As percent of total endowment income ap-plied to educational and general rev-enue and to student-aid revenue
Annuity and living trust fundsStudent loan funds
$382,569
8.2
87,27445,475
48.9196,4013,
28.624,187
1 8187,527
81.916,000$5,619
$450,145
7 5
.1. 93,876'' 57,000
48.3226,496
23.849,867
3.0230,074
88.119,8468,468
$550,684
7 1
123,78465,121
44.0314,556
24.242,397
1.7269,463
89 330,294
8,835
$640,744
6 2
152,80586,476
27.9365,910
19.372,921
2.3282,173
79.734,49310,406
$848,450
6 1
213,754103,012
20.7(1)(1)
69,1321 7(1)
(1)(1)(1)
$1,001,455
6.1
255,878127,984
19 4e )(s )
(1)(1)(1)
(1)(1)(1)
$1,208,070
6.0
273,919148,012
19 4(1)(5)(s )(5)(s )
(5)(s)(5)
$1,300,343
5.9
285,954158,110
19.8(1)(1)(1)(' )(1)
(s )
(5)(1)
85,232
3 2
37,72717,245
42 519,800
4.29,831
1 317,713
75 257
1,570
98,148
2 9
43,37621,562
42.218,084
2.726,557
2.725.398
95.8641
3,268
113,632
2.6
60,84223,492
37 430,807
3.315,942
1.1, 34,773
103 9450
4,184
155,378
2.6
81A9130,762
22.444,518
3.328,847
1 548,724
130 82,5592,993
215,592
2.5
111,06840,197
15 5(1)(s)
34,7181 3(s)
(1)(1)(1)
` 262,485
2.4
126,02853,261
15.3(1)(s )
(1)(1)(1)
(1)(1)(1)
322,604
2.4
135,99169,936
16.8(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)
(1)(1)(1)
..
374,338
2.5
149,64174,835
17.3(1)(1)(s )
c1)(
(1)(s )
(1)
297,337
147
49,54628,230
54.0176,608
82 114,355
2 6170,354
82 615,9434,049
351,998
13.2
50,50035,438
52.9208,412
75 923,309
3 4204,676
87 319,2065,200
437,052
127
62,943, 41,629
48.8283,748
78 026,455
2 8234,690
87 529,844
4,651
485,365
11.3
71,31355,711
32.3321,392
58 344,074
3 9233,450
73 731,934
7,413
632,857
12.2
102,66662,815
26 3(1)(1)
34,4142 5(1)
(1)(5)(1)
738,970
13.3
129,58074,723
24 2(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)
(1)(1)(1)
885,466
13.4
-137,92878,076
22.4(1)(1)(' )(s )
(1)
(1)(1)(1)
926,004
132
136,31383,275
22 6(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)
(1)(1)(1)
' Data for 1967.68 to 1972.73 include separately reported revenuefrom nongovernmental sources for sponsored research and othersponsored programs
' Data for 1967-68 to 1972.73 were reported as revenue fromnongovernmental sources for sponsored research.
'E xcludes revenue for student work assignments and student loans
Excludes transfers and loans.'Data not collected
SOURCE, U S Department of Health, Education, and Welfare,National Center for Education Statistics, Financial Statistics ofInstitutions of Higher Education
1401 2g
Table 121 .--Estimated tuition and fees and room and board rates in institutions of higher education, by typeand control of institution: United States, 1965-66, 1970-71, and 1975-76
Year and controlof institution
Tuition and squired fees Board rates Charges for do mitory rooms
Allinstitu-tions
Unmet.-sities
Other4-yearinstitu-tons
.
2-yearinstitu-tions
Allinstitu-tions
Univer-sites
Other4-yearinstitu-bons
2-yearinstitu-tioni
Allinstitu-tions
Univer-sities
. Other4-yearinstitu-Cons.
, year'institu-tions
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
1965-66:Public $ 257 $ 327 $, 240 $ 109 $445 $473 $408 $367 $281 $305 $254 $194
Private 1,154 1,369 1,086 768 495 529 482 473 356 418 329 316
1970-71:.
Pyblicc 352 478 ' 333 186 534 568 500 492 402 432 376 339
mote 1,685 1,981 1,603 1,110 586 640 562 560 469 542 433 434
1975-76Public 558 731* 574 322 718 746 689 727 606 627 600 540
Private , 2,558 3,013 2,444 1,667 766 860 730 744 657 771 . 615 601
NOTE.-Data are for the entire academic year and are averagecharges per full-time resident degree-credit student. They havenot been adjusted for changes in the purchasing power of thedollar. Zero charges, occurring primarily at publicly controlled2-year schools, were used in computing average tuition andrequired fees.
SOURCES: Estimated from U.S. Department of Health, Educa-tion, and Welfare, National Center for Education Statistics,Higher Education Basic Student Charges, and Fall Enrollment inHigher Education.
Table 122.--Basic student charges by institutions of higher education for tuition and fees, room, andboard, by control and type of institution, and by residence of student:
United States and outlying areas, 1973-74
4
Type of charge Andtype of institution
Charges to full-timeundergraduate students
Charges to full-timegraduate students
Publicly controlled Privatelycon
trolled
Publicly controlled Privatelycon-
trolledResidentreNonsident
ResidentNon
resident
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Tuition and fees, room, and board .. . $1,566 $2,413 $3,163 $1,687 $2,597 $3,443Universities . . . . . . . . .. .. . 1,691 2,647 3,715 1,780 2,(k)4 3,724
Other 4-year institutions 1,492 2,195 3,030 1,514 2,216 2,989
2year institutions 1,408 1,7991 , 2,422 .... . .. ....,
Tuition and required fees.
489 1,336 1,989 607 1,517 2,262
Universities .. . . . . , . . . 571 1,527 2,373 66C 1,574 2,476
Other 4-year institutions . ... 453 1,156 1,917 535 1,177 1,876
2-year institutions . . . . . 412 803 1,315 ... .... ....
Room charges 478 478 532 482 482 516
Universities . . . . . 498 498 626 498 498 532
Other 4-year institutions 466 466 499 466 466 499
2-year institutions . .. . . . 408 408 483 . .. .... ...
Board charges , 599 599 642 598 598 665
Universities . . . . . . ..... . 622 622 716 622 622 716
Other 4-year institutions . . .. 573 573 614 573 573 614
2year institutions 588 588 624 . .. .... ....
NOTE.-When the charge was zero or nonapplicable, elated SOURCE. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare,enrollment data were not used in the computation of :he National Center for Education statistics, Higher Education Basicweighted average charge. Student Charges, 1973-74.
141129
Table 123.--Current-fund expenditures of institutions of higher education, by control and by purpose:United States, 1972-73
(Amounts in thousands of dollars]
'Puriaose
Current-fund expenditures, by control of institution
Public and private Public Private
Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Total current-fund expenditures . .. .. . . $27,955,624 100.0 S12,203,742 100.0 23p51,277 100.0
Educational and general expenditures 21,077,968 75 4 14,391,633 79 1 6,686,336 68 6
General administration and general expense . 3,713,068 13 3 2,284,220 12 5 1,428,848 14 6Instruction and departmental research . 9,243,641 330 6,622,566 364 2,621,075 26.9Extension and public services 669,736 2.4 -605,787 3.3 63,949 7
--7.SLibraries . . . i 840,727 30 559,302 31 28105Plant operation and maintenance 2,141,162 7 7 1,448,278 8.0 692,885 7 1Sponsored activities other than research . 1,284,085 4 6 876,031 -4 8 408,054 4 2Sponsored research 2,027,587 7 3 1,169,253 6.4 858,334 8.8Other separately budgeted research 366,674 1.3 341,627 1.9 25,046 3Related organized activities . 791,290 2 8 424,570 2 7 306,720 .r 3.1
Auxiliary enterprises . . 3,337,789 120 2,021,195 11.1 1;316,595 13.5Student-aid grants . 1,322,411 4 7 656,054 3.6 666,357 6 8Major public service programs 2,217,454 7 9 1,1.34,264 6 2 1,082,590 11.1
Hospitals' 1,183,709 42 702,540 3.8 481,168 4.9Other maior public service programs' . e 1,033,746 3 7 432,324 2.4 601,421 6 2
Before 1962-69, these data were included with educational andgeneral items
NOTE --Because of rounding, details may not add to totals
SOURCE US Departmen of Health, Education,and Welfare,National Center for Educe on Statistics, Financial Statistics ofInstitutions of Higher Education, 1972-73.
Table 124.--Expenditures of institutions of higher education: United States, 1929-30 to 1972-73(In thousands of dolla s]
Item 1929-30 1939-40 1949-50 1959-60 1963-64 1965-66 1967-68 1969.70 1971.72 1972-73
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Currontfundoxponditunts .. . . . 6507,142 5674,668 $2,245,661 $5,601,376 $9,177,677 $12,509,4119 $16.4110,766 $21,043,112 $25,559,560 $27,955,624
Educational and general 377,903 521,990 1,706,444 4 ,13,208 7,425,063 9,951,106 13,190,420 15,788,699 19,200,505 21,077,968
General administration andgeneral expense 42,633 62,827 213,070 583,224 957,512 1,251,107 1,738.946 2,627,993 3,344,215 3,713,068
Instruction and departmentor research . 221,598 280,248 780,994 1,793,320 2,801,707 13,911.377 15.653,473 ' 7,653,097 ' 9,503,250 110,527,726
Extension and publicservices 24,982 35,325 86,674 205,595 297,350 438,385 597,544 521,148 615,997 669,736
Libraries 9,654 19,487 56,147 135,384 236,718 346,248 493,266 652,596 764 481 840,727Plant operation and
maintenance 60,919 69.612 225,110 469,943 686,054 844,506 1,127,290 1,541,698 1,927,553 2.141,162Separately organized
research 18,117 27,266 225,341 1,022,353 1,973,383 2,448,300 2,698,968 2,144,076 2,265,282 2,394,261Related activities (3) 27,225 119,108 294,255 458,507 558 170 640.711 648,089 779,728 791,290Other educational and
general (' ) (' ) (2) '9,134 '13,832 153,013 240,222 (2) (2) (' )
(') 124,184 476,401 916,117 1,452,244 1,887,744 2,302,419 2,769,276 3,'78,272 3,337,789Auxiliary enterprisesStudent aid expenditure^ f ' 1
(4) (4) 1:2,050 300,370 425,524 712,425 984,594 1,241,372 1,322,411Other current expenditures 129,279 28,514 62,816 245,115 275 523 21 500,544 51,939 411 '52 217 454
Gross additions toplant Muse .. . 125,106 23,765 416,831 1,314,717 2,437,610 3,124,631 4,093,957 4,232,528 4,162,626 3.987,262
Includes "other sponsored proq ams'Data not collected separately'Sales and services expendituresData not tabulated separately
"'Motor public service programs- previously reported in "separatelyOrganized research "extension and public services,' and "relatedact ivit
'Includes expenditures from plant and current funds gifts and grants ofplant assets, and increases in value due to reappraisal and otheradjustments
NOTE Beginning in 1959-60, data are for 50 States and the District ofColumbia, data for earlier years are for 48 States and the District ofColumbia Because of rounding, details may not add to totals
SOURCE U S Department of Health. Education, and Welfare, NationalCenter for Education StiPistics, Financial Statistics of Institutions ofHigher Education
I10
142
Table 125.Current-fund expenditures of institutions of higher education, by control and by State:1971.72 and 1972.73
[Amounts in thousands of dollars]
Statior
other area
1971-72 1072-73Pe cent change,
1971.72 to 1972-73
Total Public Private Total Public Private Total Public Private
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
United States . . . . $25,559,560 $16,484,325 $9,075,235 $27,955,624 $18,203,746 $9,751,877 9 10 7
Alabama . . 315,843 264,493 51,350 365,145 307,583 57,562 16 16 12
Alaska -. . . 47,452 41,664 5,788 50,840 46,819 4,021 7 12 --31Anions . . . 240,614 232,083 8,532 270,031 259,082 ,19,949 11 _ -12 28-
Arkansas . 140,525 119,208 21,317 1 1, 59 127,809- 23,551 B 7 10
California . . 3,015,570 2,149,912 865,658-- 3,318,693 2,390,155 , 928,539 10 11 7L.
Colorado . . 358,776 307,847 50,929 392,115 337,342 54,773 9 10 B
Connecticut . . 399,373 154,690 244,682 425,809 166,080 259,729 7 7 6
Delaware . .Delaware .
.Distritt of60,339
344,15453,66738,875
6,672305,279
69,914377,703
62,96642,103
8,948335,600
1610
178
410
Florida . . . 616,039 453,420 162,619 693,972 516,890 177,082 27 14 9
Georgia . . , 424,794 288,851 135,943 473,181 322,692 t50,490 11 12 11
Hawaii . . . 118,687 110,867 7,820 123,630 115,146 8,484 4 -- 4 8
Idaho . . 74,849 61,743 13,105 78,686 64,798 13,888 5 5 6
Illinois . 1,556,843 827,301 729,542 1,664,738 903,461 761,277 7 9 4
Indiana . . . 641,321 473,101 168,221 678,699 503,126 175,573 6 6 4
Iowa . . . . . .387,191 279,072 108,119 410,760 299,243 111,518 6 7 3
Kansas . - . 266,187 229,698 36,489 286,548 249,721 36,827 8 9 1
Kentucky . . 296,419 243,109 53,310 327,733 272,493 55,240 11 12 4
Louisiana . 296,341 217,323 79,018 346,511 263,438 83,073 17 21 5
Maine . 97,485 62,231 35,254 104,570 68,264 36,306 7 10 3
Maryland . : . .. 526,920 306,494 220,425 587,172 347,152 .- 240,022 11 13 9
Massachusetts 1,174,351 225,977 948,374 1,265,049 242,315 1,022,734 8 7 8
Michigan . . 1,060,158 . 927,663 132,495 1,143,499 999,681 143,818 8 8 9
Minnesota . 468,771 368,409 100,362 544,265 434,§15 109,750 16 18 9
Mississippi 207,301 186,060 21,241 234,956 211,621 23,336 13 14 10
Missouri 511,529 300,876 210,653 551,061 323,793 227,268 8 8 8
Montana 72,533 66,332 6,201 77,754 71,415 6,339 7 8 2
Nebraska . 184,419 142,022 42,397 198,819 152,000 46,819 8 7 10
Nevada . . . 35,993 35,923 70 38,336 38,255 81 7 6 16
New Hampshire 121,345 51,993 69,351 132,149 56,802 75,347 9 9 9
New Jersey 543,298 330,507 212,791 567,417 340,016 227,401 4 3 7
New Mexico . 128,336 119,694 8,642 140,893 133,833 7,060 10 12 -18
New York 2,768,933 1,128,416 1,640,517 2,971,458 1,236,479 1,734,979 7 10 s 6
North Carolina 680,697 427,826 252,871 726,446 452,891 273,554 7 6 , 8
North Dakota , 72,803 69,005 3,798 77,956 73,554 4,402 7 7 16
Ohio 1,094,462 764,622 329,841 1,186,043 833,217 352,826 8 9 7
Oklahoma 269,637 231,465 38,172 283,121 241,714 41,407 5 4 8
Oregon . 288,887 246,849 42,037 307,081 263,117 43,964 6 7 5
Pennsylvania 1,452,880 731,559 721,321 1,607,687 809,385 798,302 11 11 11
Rhode Island . 138,409 62,541 75,868 155,253 72,714 82,540 12 16 9
South Carolina . 232,905 173,420 59,485 268,571 204,287 64,284 15 18 8
South Dakota . 88,323 70,928 17,395 89,976 -71,877 18,099 2 1 4
Tennessee 448,942 250,185 198,756 504,369 281,534 222,835 12 13 12
Texas . 1,035,690 794,652 241,039 1,163,666 892,113 271,532 12 12 13
Utah 226,125 158,919 67,207 248,375 174,466 73,910 10 10 10
Vermont 93,447 50,408 43,038 99,566 I. 264 44,301 7 10 3
Virginia 450,498 358,466 92,032 512,001 41'0,22 98,479 14 15 7
Washington 413,748 358,623 55,126 475,688 415,914 59,774 15 16 8
West Virginia 132,948 105,940 27,007 140,370 113,466 26,904 6 '7 (I )
Wisconsin 645,073 537,998 107,075 723,402 605,037 118,365 12 12 11
Wyoming 46,326 46,326 . .. 49,862 49,862 8 8 ..
U S Service Schools 245,073 245,073 272,726 272,726 11 11
Outlying areas 158,975 123,748 35,227 186,809 144,696 42,113 18 17 20
American Samoa . 744 744 818 818 . .. 10 10 . .
Canal Zone 1,101 1,101 . 1,211 1,211 . 10 10 .
Guam 6,727 6,727 7,633 7,633 . 13 13
Puerto Rico . 144,590 109,363 35,227 171,007 128,895 42- ,113 18 18 20
Virgin islands 5,408 5,408 . 5,694 5,694 . 5 5
Trust Territories 405 405 445 445 10 10
Less than 0 5 percent
NOTE --Because of rounding, details may not add to totals
SOURCE U S Department of Health, Education, and Welfare,Notional Center for Education Statistics, Financial Statistics ofInstitutions of Higher Education.
131
143
"tTable 126.--Personal income, 1972, related to educational and general expenditures for higher education
and to educational apd general funds received from State and local governments, by State: 1972-73
StatePersonal
income, 1972(millions of dollars)
Educational and generalexpenditures for higher ,
edOcation, 1972-73'
Educational and generalfunds from State and local
governments, 1972-73Anioun\
(thousands of dollars)Percent of
personal incomeAmount
(thousands of dollars)Percent of
personal income
1 2 3,
4 5 6
United States 6947,066 $20,849,998 2.20 $9,061,354 0,46
Alabama 12,237 256,026 2 09 1071,386 ' 0.88Alaska 1,697 45,418 2.67 25,950 1.53Arizona . . . . . 8,389 212,864 2.54 131,375 1.57Arkansas 6,717 108,302 1.61 59,706 0.89California 103,839 2,444,812 2.35 1,373,258 1.32
Colorado 10,875 299,340 2.75 115,658 1.06Connecticut . . . . . . . 16,674 336,311 2.02 106,837 0.64Delaware . . .. . . . . 2,982 55,823 1.87 24,649 , 0.83District of Columbia .,. . 4,382 268,063 6.12 31,290 0.71Florida 32,694 580,840 1.78 .- 284,921 0.87Georgia 18,724 361,532 1.93 156,706 0.84Hawaii ....... . . 4,132 109,374 , 2.65 47,680 1.15Idaho . . . . . . , 2,802 58,422 2.09 34,457,- 1.23Illinois . . . . . 58,040 1,138,306 1.96 528,028 0.91Indiana . . . . 23,067 497,897 2.16 209,803 0.91
Iowa 12,449 318,630 2.56 11,742 0.98Kansas . . . . . . 10,286 216,895 2.11 110,098 1.07.Kentucky . 12,014 262,583 2.19 148,564 1.24Louisiana . . 13,326 271,457 2.04 140,781 1.06Maine . . . . 3,759 79,329 2.11 32,221 0.86Maryland . . . . . 20,307 400,097 1 97 159,746 0.79Massachusetts . 27,967 872,218 312 , 156,636 0.56Michigan . . 44,902 868,214 1.93 441,165 0.98Minnesota , 16,837 395,702 2 35 163,127 0.97Mississippi . . . . 7,192 166,648 2 32 93,829 1.30Missouri... 20,447 444,125 2.17 178.471 0.87Montana . 2,923 59,021 2.02 31,653 1.08Nebraska . 6,800 150,092 2.21 63,319 0.93Nevada . . . . . 2,777 35,611 1.28 21,152 0.76New Hampshire 3,312 98,961 2.99 17,837 0.54New Jersey . . 39,529 461,025 1.17 199,980 0.51New Mexico . 3,779 116,610 3 09 50,841 1.35New York . . 96,891 2,485,062 2.56 1,018,462 1.05North Carolina . 20,193 578,034 2 86 222,823, 1.10North Dakota . 2,617 57,705 2.21 25.240 0.96
Ohio . . 49,023 820,746 1.67 286,518 0.58Oklahoma , 10 102 185,594 1.84 80,419 0.80Oregon . 9,481 ,- 218,209 2.30 103,669 1.09Pennsylvania . 54,110 1,131,867 209 362,756 0.67Rhode Island . 4,374 119,702 2 74 36,894 0.84South Carolina . 9,408 185,850 1.98 93,407 099South Dakota . 2,561 59,790 2.33 19,995 0.78Tennessee 15,101 355,111 2.35 134,186 0.89Texas . 47,404 937,362 1 98 472,418 1.00Utah . : . . 4,216 177,789 4 21 59,698 1 42
Vermont , . 1,703 72,463 4.26 14,097 0 83Virginia . . . 20,947 355,533 1.70 159,568 0.76Washington 15,727 ' 401,426 2 55 209,035 1.33West Virginia 6,504 104,508 1.61 67,044 1.03Wisconsin 19,369 572,563 2.96 304,253 1.57Wyoming . . 1,477 40,135 272 21,999 1.49
' Excludes U S. service schools
NOTE -Because of rounding, details may not add to totals
SOURCES 111 U.S Department of Health, Education, andWelfare, National Center for Education Statistics, FinancialStatistics of Institutions of Higher Education, 1972-73. (2) U SDepartment of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, Sum-mary of Current Business, August 1974.
132
144
a
Table 127.--Physical Plant value per student in institutions of higher education,
by control and by level: United States, 1971-72 and 1972-73
Control and level of institution
Institutions Plant value
NumberEnroll-ment'
Total (inthousandsof dollars)
-0---:.4
Perstudent
53
1971-72All institutions 2,606 8,948,644 $60,153,252 - $5,605
4-year institutions 1,672 6,462,733 44,329,755 6,859
2-year institutions 934 2,485,911 5,823,497 2,343
Publicly controlled institutions 1,137 6,404,309 32,424,652 4,765
4-year institutions 440 4,438,442 27,276,874 6,146
2-year institutions 697 2,365,867 5,147,778 2,176
Privately controlled institutions 1,469 2,144,335 17,728,600 8,268
4iyear institutions 1,232 2,024,291 17,052,881 8,424
2-year institutions 237 120,044 675,719 5,629
1972-73All institutictns 2.665 9,214,880 53,814,596 5,840
4-year institutions 1,701 6,549,073 47,326,579 7,227
2-year institutions ........ 964 2,665,787 6,488,017 2,434
Publicly controlled institutions 1,182 7,070,635 32,295 420 4,992.
4-year institutions 449 4,518,071 29,487,242 6,527'
2-year institutions 733 2,552,564 5,808,177 2,275
Privately controlled institutions 1,483 2,144,225 18,519,176 8,637
4-year institutions 1,252 2,031,002 17,839,335 8,784
2-year institutions 231 113,223 679,841 ' 8,004
' Total resident and extension'enrollment, full-time SOURCE- U.S. Department of Health, Education, andand part-time, degree-credit and non-degree-credit, Welfare, National Center for Education Statistics,
fall 1971 and 1972. Financial Statistics of)Institutions of Higher Education.
Table 128.--Endowment funds per student in institutions of higher education,by control and by level: United States, 1971.72 and 1972-73
Control and levelof institution
Number Enroll-ment'
Book value ofendowment funds'
Total (inthousandsof dollars)
Perstudent
1 2 3 4 5
1971-72All institutions 2,606 8,948,644 $11,893,2011 $1,339
1,672.
6,462,733 11,875,821 1,8384-year institutions . .
2-year institutions . .. . . . .. . 934 2,485,911 107,387 43
Publicly controlled institutions . . .. . 1,137 6,804,309 2,108,282 310
4-year institutions . . . . .. 440 4,438,442 2,082,104 469
2-year institutions . . . . . . 697 2,365,867 26,178 11
Privately controlled institutions 1,469 2,144,335 9,874,926 4,605
4-year institutions . . . . . . . 1,232 2,024,291 9,793,717 4,838
2-year institutions .. .. . . 237 120,Q44 81,209 676
1972-73 .
All institutions 2,665 9,214,860 12,999,507 1,411
4-year institutions . . 1,701 6,549,073 12,887,833 1,968
2-year institutions . . 964 2,665,787 111,674 42
Publicly controlled institutions . . . 1,182 7,070,635 2,339,372 331
4-year institutions . . 449 4,518,071 2,305,525 510
2-year institutions 733 2,552,564 33,848 13
Privately controlled institutions 1,483 2,144,225 10,660,134 4,972
4-year institutions . . . . 1,252 2,031,002 10,582,309 5,210
2-year institutions . . . . . . 231 113,223 77,826 687
' Total resident and extension enrollment, full-time SOURCE U.S. Department of Health, Education, and
and part-time, degree-credit and non-degree-credit, Welfare, National Center for Education Statistics,
fall 1971 and 1972. Financial Statistics of Institutions of Higher Educe-' Including funds functioning as endowment bon.
133
14.5
Table 129.-Property of institutions of higher education: United States, 1919-20 to 1972.73[In thousands of dollars]
Item 1919-20 1929.30 1939-40 1949-50 1959-60 , 1969.70 1970-71 1971.72 1972.73
1 2 3 4 5. 6 7 8 9 10
Property valueat end of year . . . .
Land, buildings,and equipment
Endowment(book value)'
Liabilities ofplant funds
$1,310,404 $3,437,111 ' $4,489,500 ' $7,401,187 ' $18,893,385 192,947.398 557,394,951 $62,136,459 $66,814,103
741,333A
596,071
2,065,050
1,372,068
2,753,780
'1,735,820
4,799,964
'2,601,223
13,448,548
'5,444,837
42,093,580
10,853,816
',46,953,585
11,341,366
.
50,153,251
11,983,208
53,814,596
12,999,507
(4) (4)-
(4) (' ) 1,984,305 9,384,731 9,8811,2 40 10,291,095 10,823,595
Excludes data reported for student loan funds. $28,784,000 iii 'Data not collected.1939-40, $43,100,000 in 1949-50, and $126,284,000 in 1959-60
'Includes funds functioning as endowment.'Includes annuity funds $49,537,000 in 1939-49, an unspecifiedamount in 1949.50, and $122,757,000 in 1959-60
SOURCE U S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare,National Center for Education Statistics, Financial Statistics Of Institu-tions of Higher Education,
5
Table 130.--Selected data on students and finances of land-grant institutions:United States and outlying areas,
1962-63 and 1972-73
Item 1962-63 1972-73
1 2 3
Opening (fop) enrollmentTotal enrollmeht '819,026 21,600,730First-time enrollment '144,457 2270,862
Regular Federal appropriations $113,579,587 S247,762,422
Funds for instruction and facilities (Morrill-Nelson and Bankhead-Jones funds) 14,500,000 12300,000
Funds for research (experiment stations) 35,426,725 72,697,217
Hatch funds, as amended 34,843,733 '64,409,948Research under Agricultural Marketing Act 582,992 8,287,269
Funds for cooperative extension . 63,652,862 162,368,205
Smith-Lever funds (Act of 1914, as amended) 62,137,361 159,599,076Extension under Agricultural Marketing Act 1,515,501 2,766,129
Endowment income under land-grant funds. 5,111,041 9,238,007
From 1862 land-grant funds . 3,139,289 5,493,268From other Federal land-grant funds 1,971,752 3,744,739
' Resident and extension, degree-credit and non- SOURCES U S Depa tment of Health, Education,degree-credit, first-term enrollment and Welfare, Office of Education, Statistics of Land-
'Resident and extension, degree-credit and non- Greta Colleges and Universities, Year Ended June 30,degree-credit, opening fall enrollment 1963, and Statistics on Condition of Land -Grant
'Resident, degree-credit, first-term enrollment Funds, 1973 Report, and National Center for Educa-tion Statistics, Fall Enrollment in Higher Educaiton,1972
1 34
146
CHAPTER IVADULT AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION
The people in this country have come to .realizemore and more that education can and should be alifelong experience. The result has been an increasedemphasis upon adult education to meet the needs. ofpersons beyond the traditional age for attendance at
'regularregular educational institutions. Furthermore, there hasbeen a growing awareness, of the desirability andfeasibility of training young people for useful employ-ment as part of their formal education. This hasresulted in a markedly upward trend in enrollments inand expenditures for vocational education programs at
the secondary and postsecondary levels.The National Center for Education Statistics has
recognized the importance of adult and vocationaleducation by establishing an Adult and VocationalEducation Surveys Branch. Through a series of statis-tical surveys this branch is contributing to our knowl-edge of developing trends in these dynamic areas.
ajor surveys were conducted in 1969 and 1972 tod ermine the level of participation in adult educationprow ams. This chapter provides summary data fromthese urveys showing the number of participants inadult e ucation by source of instruction and by typeof progr. . It ..itw contains the latest information
tt
from the annual survey of participants in adult basiceducation programs.
The Adult and Vocational Education SurveysBranch has also recent1S, completed a survey ofpostsecondary (noncollegiate) schools offering occupa-tional programs. Summary tables in this . chapterprovide statistics on the number of these schools andthe number of persons entailed in postsecondaryoccupational programs. It should be noted that thesetables do not include occupational or non-degree-creditprograms offered by colleges and universities. Enroll-ments in these programs, which are growing rapidly(especially in public 2-year colleges), are included intables in chapter III.
The Federal Government's interest in vocationaleducation dates back at least as far as the passage ofthe Smith-Hughes Act of 1917. (Chapter V contains asynopsis of significant Federal legislation affectingvocational education.) The Division of Vocational andTechnical Education in the U.S. Office of Education hascompiled Statistics on federally aided socational pro-grams for man)! years. Data on enrollment and teachers
in vocational education and expenditures for these
programs are summarized in the tables that follow.
135
147
Table 131.--Participants in adult education, by souce of instruction:United States, 1969 and 072
Source of instruction
Participants(in thousands)
Percent change,1969 to 19721969 1972
1 2 3 4
Total 13,041 15,734 20.7
4-year colleges and universities 2,831 3,367 18.9Employers 2,274 2,613 14.92-year colleges and technical institutes' 1,550 2,561 65.2Public elementary and secondary schools 1,970 2,200 11.7
Community organizations 1,554 28.4Private trade, vocational, and business schools' 1,504 '1,393 -7.4Other (labor unions, professional associations,
hospitals, tutors) 2,552 3,360 31.7Not reported 54 98 81.4)ato for 1969 are for public schools only.
N TE.Oetails do not add to totals because some participants received instruction from more thanone source. ,
SOURCES. U.S. Oepartment of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Center for Education Statistrcs,Participation in Adult Education, Final Report, 1969, and Participation in Adult Education,,1972 (in process).
Table 132.-- Participants in adult education, by type of program:United Slates, 1969 and 1972
Type of program
Participants(in thousands)
Percent change,1969 to 19721969 1972
1 2 3 4
Total 13,041 15,734 20.7
General education . . . . 3,553 4,074 14.7
Occupational training . . 5,816 7,310 25 7
Community issues . . . . 1,202 1,545 28.5
Personal and family living . . . . . 1,580 2,209 39.8
Social and recreational lessons . . 1,552 1,895 22 1
Other and not reported . . 572 5341 6.6
NOTE. Details do not add to totals because some participants enrolled in more than one type ofprogram
SOURCES U S Oepartment of Health, Education, and Welfare,,Nat'onal Center for Education Statistics,Participation in Adult Education, Final Report, 1969, and Participation in Adult Education,1972 (in process).
118
136
Tab
le 1
33.-
- P
artic
ipan
ts in
adu
lt ba
sic
educ
atio
n pr
ogra
ms,
by
race
or
ethn
ic g
roup
,
sex,
and
age
gro
up:.U
nite
d S
tate
s, fi
scal
yea
r19
74
Sex
and
age
gro
up
rT
otal
Rac
e or
eth
nic
grou
p
Am
eric
an In
dian
.B
lack
Orie
ntal
Spa
nish
-sur
nam
edO
ther
s'
1 t
2.3
45
67
Tot
al93
8,09
414
,456
281,
340
49,2
7822
2,92
737
0,09
4
Men
, tot
al39
7,99
15,
992
113,
988
18,5
5995
,316
6,12
7
Wom
en, t
otal
540,
103
8,46
316
7,35
232
,719
127,
602
203,
967
Age
16
and
over
'93
8,09
4
16-2
435
3,11
8
25-3
425
6,27
8
35-4
416
9,23
4: -
45-5
4 ...
......
......
..92
,468
55-6
443
,389
65 a
nd o
ver
23,6
07
Not
cla
ssifi
ed e
lsew
here
in th
is ta
ble.
2 D
ata
not a
vaila
ble
by r
ace
or e
thni
c gr
oup
or b
y se
x.
SO
UR
CE
: U.S
.. D
epar
tmen
t of H
ealth
, Edu
catio
n, a
nd .W
elfa
re, N
atio
nalC
ente
r fo
r E
duca
tion
Sta
tistic
s, A
dult
Bas
ic E
tion
Pro
gram
Sta
-
.tis
tics,
pre
limin
ary
data
, fis
cal y
ear
1974
.
.1
o
0
Table 114.--Enrollment in federally aided vocational education classes, bylivel and by type of program:1
United States and outlying areas, fiscal years 1964 to 1914t,
'Level and -type/ of program ,
..-.4 964 19 66 1268
0
1970 1972
- ,
_
1973 1974Percent°change,
1973 to 19741 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
All programs 4,566,390 6,070,050 7,533936 8,793,960 11,710,767 12,283,536 13,294,512 12.3Secondary . 2,140,756 3,048,248 3,842,896 5 14,451 7,278,523 7,497,289 8,628,417 15.1Postsecondary 170,835 442,097 592,970 013,426 1,336,191 1,369,722 1,596,942 16.6Adult 2,254,799 2,530,712 2,98 , ,666,466 3,096,053 3,416,527 3,569,153 4.5Spec ial needs - 49,002 11
1
000\ ' 920,603-4-
' 1,869,127 ' 1,829,7 30 ' 1,846,2754
.1
_860,605 907,354 \ 851,158 852,983 89c1,450,.e-
927,59% 976,319 5.3 iAgricuiture
Secondary . . . 501,819 510,279 \ 528,146 550,823 60 3,324 621,051 869,316 6.2Postsecondary - .. 6,987 11,036 23,381 34,924 40,568 47,458 17.0Adult , . 358,786 390,388 \05,367 278,779 258,212 265,977 269,545 _ 1,3Special needs - 700 , 6,619 ' 79,133 ' 116,645 (2) (' ) (2 )
Distributive . 334,126 420,426L ,
574,785 529,365 640,423 738,547 832,905 12.8
Secondary 55,132 101,728 17 81-6 230,007 262,730 303,272 353,339 16.5Postsecondary 2,688 , 15,833 44, 24 82,160 102,844 105,916 133,214 25.8Adult 276,306 301,116 349, 30 217,198 274,849 329,359 346,352 5.2Special needs - 1,749 4,415 ' 52,491 ' 72,8¢6 (') (2) (2)
59,006 83,677 140,987 198,044 336,652 421,075i
2 504,913 19.9Health .
Secondary 5,478 7,973 20,952 31,915 59,466 75,596 103,780 37:3Postsecondary 41,038 36,49$' 64,592 . 192,515 177,466 192,612 228,180 1'8.5Adult 12,490 37,065 62,865 63,614 99,720 152,867 172,953 13.1)Special needs 323 2,578 , ' 23,130` ' 54,405 . (2 ) (2) . (24
2,022,1 38 1,897,670 2,283,338\2 570,410 3,445,698 3,51 6,683 3.702,684 §.2,Home economics
Secondary 1,308,453 1,280,254 1,558,004 1,34,059 2,630,997 2,687,166 2,877,069 i.I''Postsecondary 1,652 2,652 4,395 44,259 68,604 68,077 71,590 5.2Adult 712,033 602,363 677,476 592,092 746,097 76),440 754,025 - 1
.Special needs - .- 12,401 43,461 ' 259,591 ' 733,968 , (2) (2) 12) 1
Office - - 1,238,043 1,735,997 2,111,1 60 2,351,878 2,499,095 2,757,464 10.3
Secondary 798,368 1,059,656 '1,331,257 1,507,664 1,590,665 1,765,691 10.4Postsecondary- 165,439 225,182 331,001 360,245 379,536 .426,346 12.3Adult 271,149 443,481 448,902 483,969 519,894 565,427 8.8Special needs 3,087 7,678 ' 216,079 ' 324,363
I ('2) (' ) (2)
Technical 221,241 253,838 263,832 271,730 337,069 ..134,044 392,887 7.9
Secondary 20,755 ; 28,865 36,286 34,386 38,820 38548 e 0,736 5 7Postsecondary 7 i ,824 ' 100,151 104,746 151,621 189,468 201,173 231,378 , 15.0Adult . 128,662 124,730 127,418 - 85,723 108,781 124,326 120,764 -.3Special needs 92 1,382
-,' 15,928 ' 31,951 (' ) (2) (2)
Trades and industry 1,069,274 1,269,051 1,628,542 1,906,1 33 - 2,397,968- 2,702,2 38 2,824,317 4.5
Secondary 249,119 318,961 %21,719 692,396 952,283 1,134,280' 1,218,461 7.4Postsecondary
.- 53,633 115,539 137,732 261,182 356,879 345,065 412,669 19.6
Adult 766,522 803:901 %030,723 952,555 1,088,806 1,222893' 1,193,187 -.2speydi needs 30,650 38,368 ' 212,797 ' 325,265 ' (' ) (2) ; (2 )
Other ,1 49,297 354,135 1,304,619 1,114,265 1 803,023 61.8Secondary 42,317 309,608 1,223,239 1,037,714 1,610,025 55 2Postsecondary 463 17,307 45,761 36,775 46,098 25.4Adult 18 27,220 35,619 - - 39,776 146,900 269.3Special needs 's 6,499 ' 61,454 ' 199,674 (2) (2) (2 )
Disadvantsaged and handicapped persons included in distribution by level'Data not available
SOURCES (1) U S Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, annual reports on Vocational and Techni-A.,cal Education (2) Unpublished data
150I38
1
Table 135.--Enrollment in federally aided vocational classes, by type of program:United States and outlying areas, 1920 to 1974
T pe of proOram
Fiscal year Distributive Home Trades and Health Technical Off ice
occupations economics industry occupations education occuPatactT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 - 10
1920 265,058 31,301 - -- 49,9,18 184,8191930 981,882 188,311 - -- 174,So7 618,6041940 2,290,741 584,133 129,433 -818,766 758,4091942 '. . . 2,624,786 605,099 215,049 954,041 850,5971944 2,001,153 169,959 181,509 806,605 543,080 *1946 2,227,663 510,331 174,672 911,816 630,8441948 2,836,121 640,791 292,936 1,139,766 762,6281950 3,364,613 764,975 364,670 1,430,366 804,6021952 3,165,988 746,402 234,984 1,391;389 793,2131954 3,164,851 737,502 220,619 1,380,147 826,583
1956 3,413,159 785,599 256,025 1,486,816 883,7191958 3,629,339 775,892 282,558 1,559,822 983,644 /7,423 - -
1M0, 3,768,149 796,237 303,784 1,588,109 938,490 40,250 1-01,279
1962 4,072,677 822,664 321,065 1,725,660 1,005,383 . 48,985 148,9201964 4,566,390 860,605 334,126 2,022,138 1,069,274 59,006 221,241 --
1966 ti 70,059 907,354 420,426 1,897,670 1,269,051 83,677 253,838 1,238,043 - -
1968 7 ,:s.> 936 Q51,158 574,785 2,283,338 1,628,542 140,987 269,832 1,735,997 , 49,2971970 8,783 160 i-852,983 529,365 2,570,410 1,906,133 198,044 271,730, 2,111,160 354,135 k
1972 11,71 ),767 896,460 640,423 3,445,698 2,397,968 336,662 337,069 2, 51,878 1,304,619
1973 12,283,538 927,591 738,547 3,516,683 2,702,238 421,075 364,044 2, 99,095 1,114,265
-,1974 13,794,512 976,319 832,905 3,702,685 2,824,317 504,913 392,837 2, 57,464 1,803,023
5OURCES U S. Department of Health Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, annua reports on Voc uonai and TechnicalEducation,- and Summary Data, Vocational Education, Fiscal Year 1974.
Total AgricultureOther
programs
Table 136.--Teachers of federally aided vocationaleducation classes; by type of program: United States
and outlying areas, fiscal years 1970 to 1974Type ot 1970 1971 1972 1973- 1974Frogram
3 4 5 6Ni -ober of teachers
Total 199,364 211,550 235,658 243,514 266,220
Agriculture 12,420 12,910 13,270 13,812 14,943Distobutive '0,458 11,974 13,795 14,804 16,505Health 10,483 12,613 14,652 16380 19,505Home economics 34,225 38,105 41,547, 44,678 47,326Office 45,081 49,363 52,662 54,917 58,151Technical 14,241 14,750 16,820 13,658 14,936Trades and
industry 56,720 59,0651 65,105 70,848 74,314Other or
unclassif led 6,736 12,7701 17,907 14, 7 20,538
Percentage distribution
Total 100.0 100.0 100,0 100.0 10C.0
Agrii;ulture 6.5 61 56 57 56Distr 'bum: 55 57 59 61 62Health 54, 60 62 69 73Home economics 180 180 176 183 178Office 23 7 23 3 22 4 22 6 21 8Technical 75 70 71 56 56Trades and
industry 298 ?79 276 291 279Other or
unclassified 35 60 76 58 77
NOTE -3ecause of rounding. pert-cots may not add to
SOURCE U S Department cf Health, Educ atiori`Nn t We.f are,Office of Education, unpublished data
Table 137.--Expenditures of Fe ral. State, andlocal fuhds for vocational ae ucation:
United States and outlyin areas,1920 to 1974
[In thousands df dollars]
Fiscal year Total Federal State Local
1 2 3 4 5
1920 $8,535 $2,477 52,6,0 $3,3881930 . 29,90p 7,404 8,233 14,2721940 55,081 20,004 11,737 23,3401942 59,023 20,758 14,045 24,2201944 64,299 19,958 15,016 29,325
1946 72,807 20,628 18,538 33,6411948 103,339 26,200 25,8341950 - 128,717 26,623 40,534 1,5611952 146,466, 25,863 47,818 ,7841954 151,289 25,419 54,550 71,,320
1956 175,886 33,180 61,821 80)8841958 209,748 38,733 72,305 98,7101960 , 238,812 45,313 82,466 111,0331962 283,948 51,438 104,264 128,2461964 332,785 55,027 124,975 152,784
1966 799,895 233,794 216,583 349,5181968. 1.192,863 262,384 400,362 530,1171970 1,841,846 300,046 el 1.1,541,8011972 2,660,759 466 ,29 (1) ' 2,194,7301973 3,033,659 482,259 (1) ' 2,551,400
1974 3,433,820 468,197 (' ) ' 2,965,623
100 0 ' State funds are included with local unds in column 5
NOTE Because of rounding, details may not add to totals
SOURCES CH U S Department of Health, Education, andWelfare, Office of Education, annual reports on Voca-
,,,, tonal and Technical Education (2) Unpublished data
151 .""-.3k)
Table 138.-Expenditures of hiders!, State, and local funds forvocational education, by State: Fiscal year 1074
(In thousands of dollars]
State orother area
Expenditures by sourceState and
local4
52,885,623
Total' Federal
1 2 3
United States and outlying area
AlabamaAlaskaArizonaArkansasCalifornia
ColoradoConnecticutDelawareDistrict of ColumbiaFlorida
GeorgiaHawaiiIdahoIllinoisIndiana
IowaKansasKentucky,Louisiana -\ Mane
MarylandMassachusettsMichiganMinnesotaMississippi
MissouriMontanaNebraskaNevada
'New HamPshire
New JerseyNew MexicoNew YorkNorth CarolinaNorth Dakota . .....OhioOklahoma..Oregon . . . ............ .
PennsylvaniaRhode Island
South CarolinaSouth Dakota .
TennesseeTexasUtah \VermontVirginia . .
WashingtonWest VirginiaWisconsin . . .
Wyoming .
Outlying areas:
American SamoaGuamPuerto RicoTrust Territory of the Pacific IslandsVirg;n Islands
.... .. -........
$3,433,820
43,3545,884
27,28921,962
294,265
41,37948,39910,5234,218
147,219
55,6448,2209,593
219,05140,498
45,51622,39539,02344,08917,500
78,074166,950108,56274,89131,107
56,69012,08315,6254,2198,895
67,76212,477
435,116154,118
7,931
147,47435,08253,982
183,12610,911
52,0187,107
57,310182,33520,468
7,99957,82690,25723,61185,0416,273
269918
28,4661,7201,106
$468,167
11,218346
5,2285,057
14,204
7,3708,5621,5701,494
20,615
12,2381,8932,681
24,24813,786
7,6085,257
12,42611,3383,175
4,26315,27914,2725,8004,302
11,5042,2914,065
9801,480
14,4793,553
35,63516,5402,279
21,7985,9495,219
21,9192,803
7,7962,037
11,60732,172
2,751
1,41014,9227,5734,7138,2241,332
98233
8,295161159
32,1365,538
22,06116,905
280:1934,39,8378,9532,724
126,604
43,4066,3276,912
194,80326,712
37,90817,13826,59732,75114,325
73,8111.51,67194,29069,09126,805
45,1869,792
115603,,2397,415
53,2838,924
399,481137,578
5,652
125,68629,13348,763
161,2078,108
44,2225,070
45,703150,163
17,717
6,58942,90482,68418,89876,8174,941
171685
20,1711,559
947
',Amounts are the sum of columns 3 and 4 and may differ from total amounts actuallyreported.
SOURCE. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education,Vocational and Technical Education, Annual Reston; Fiscal Year 1974.
140
152
Table 139.-Enrollment in postsecondary (noncollegiate) schools offering occupational programs,by attendance status, control, and type of school: United States' ,1913
Type of schoolTotalenroll-ment
Attendance status ControlFull-time
Part-time
Public Private '
Vt. 1 2 3 4 5 6
Total 1,923,702 862,123 1,051,579 464,275 1,4611,427
Vocational-technical . . . . ............ . . .. 472,184 295,389 176,795 359,579 112,605Technical 84,760 65,514 19,246 35,500 49,260Business/office . 4 , 320,324 180,780 139,544 624 319,700Cosmetology/barber 113,812 91,985 21,827 169 113,643Flight
i75,721 23,836 51,885 758 74,963
Tradei
1 - - .......-
150,765 107,244 43,521 24,423 126,342Home study 582,675 - - 582,675 613 582,062Hospital 71,411 70,966 445 8,718 62,693Other 52,050 26,409 25,641 23,891 28,159
Data include Puerto Rico as well as the 50 States and D.C..'Includes pror-Ttary schools (operated for profit), independent (nonprofit) schools, and schools operated by religious groups
SOURCE. U.S Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Center for Education Statistics, Directory of PostsecondarySchools with Occupational Programs, 1973, and unpublished data.
Table 140.-Number of postsecondary (noncollegiate) schoolsoffering occupational programs, by control and type
of school: United States; 1973
Type of school All schoolsPublicly
controlledschools
Privatelycontrolledschools'
1 2 3 4
Total 8,846 893 7,953
Vocational-technietil .. ..... . . 1,167 579 588Technical 215 52 163Business/office 1,242 1 1,241
Cosmetology/barber . . . . . Z' 2,405 4 2,401Flight 1,483 6 1,477
Trade . - . . . . . 708 30 678Home study . . . 130 1 - 129Hospital . . . . 1,247 170 1,077Other . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 249,-- 50 ,-1 99
' Data include Puerto Rico as well as the 50 States and D.02 Includes proprietary schoofs (operated for profit), independent (nonprofit) schools, andschools operated by religious grows
SOURCE U S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Center forEducation Statistics, Directory of Postsecondary Schools with Occupational Programs,1973, and unpublished data
141
153
CHAPTER VFEDERAL PROGRAMS FOR EDUCATION AND RELATED ACTIVITIES*
Grants of public lands for maintenance of the public Year
schools wete authorized by the Congress of theConferation in 1785. However, it was not until 1787that Federal land was granted for education underthe Northwest Ordinance when the United StatesGovernment entered into a contract to sell a largetract of land in Ohio, with a section of each town-ship involved in the sale reserved for schools. Ad-ditional land was reserved for a university. With thisenactment, the Nation embarked upon a program ofeducational support unique in its commitment to Stateand local autonomy and its recognition of education asa public function of national concern.
A variety of programs and procedures are used bythe Federal government to suppert educational ac-tivities: Grants, loans, and loan guarantees; loans ofproperty;, allocation of surplus Federal property; al-locations of commodities for food-service programs;operation of special programs and institutions; andcontracts for special studies, services, and needs.
This Federal educational involvement affects, di-rectly or indirectly, every person in this country andmany persons from other countries. Programs involvethe purchase of research and training services in
educational institutions, support of individuals forwhom there is a special Federal responsibility; supportof schools in areas where Federal activities would resultin undue burdens on schools services, support ofvocational education, foreign language study, and otherspecial areas: and numerous other activities.
A capsule view of the history of Federal educationalactivities is provided in the following list of selectedlegislation
*Albert R Munse, of the Reference, Estimates, and ProjectionsBranch, National Center for Education Statistics, had responsi-bility_for the development of data for this chapter.
1787 Northwest Ordinanceauthorized land grantsfor the establishment of educational insti-tutions.
1862 First Morrill Actauthorized public land grantsto the States for the establishment and main-tenance of agricultural and mechanical col-leges.
1867 Department of Education Actauthorized theestablishment of the Department of Education(later to be known as the 'Office of Educa-tion).
.1890 Second Morrill Actprovided for money grantsfor support of instruction in the agriculturaland mechanical colleges.
1911 The State Marine School Actauthorized Fed-eral funds to be used for the benefit of anynautical school in any-of 11 specified Stateseaport cities.
1917 Smith-Hughes Actprovided for grants to Statesfor support of vocational education.
1918 Vocational Rehabilitation ActProvided for
grants for rehabilitation through training ofWorld War I veterans.
1919 An act to provide for further educationalfacilitiesauthorized the sale by the FederalGovernment of surplus machine tools toeducational institutions at 15 percent ofacquisition cost.
1920 Smith-Bankhead Actauthorized grants toStates for vocational rehabilitation programs.
1935 Bankhead-Jones Act (P.L. 74182)authorizedgrants to States for agricultural experimentstations.
Agricultural Adjustment 'Act (P.L. 74-320)--authorized 30 percent of the annual customs
143
154
receipts to be used to encourage the exporta-tion and domestic consumption of agriculturalcommodities. Commodities purchased underthis authorization began to be used in schoollunch programs in 1936. The National SchoolLunch Act of 1946 continued and expandedthis assistance.
1937 National Cancer Institute Act-established thePublic Health Service fellowship program. Sub-sequently, other fellowships were authorizedin legislation concerning other agencies.
1941 Amendment to Lanham Act of 1940-author-ized Federal aid for construction, mainte-
and operation of schools in federallyimpacted areas. Such assistance was continued
under P.L;815 and P.L. 874, 81st Congress, in1950. .
1943 Vocatiopal Rehabilitation Act (P.L. 78 16) -pro-vided-assistance to disabled veterans.
School Lunch Indemnity Plan (P.L. 78-129) -provided funds for local school lunch foodpurchases.
1944 Servicemen's Readjustment Act (P.L. 78-346)- provided assistance for education ofveterans.
Surplus Property Act (P.L. 78.457)- authorizedtransfer of surplus property to educationalInstitutions.
1946 National School Lunch Act (P.L. 79-396)authorinfd assistance through grants-in-aid andother means to States to assist m providingadequate foods and facilities for the establish-ment, maintenance, operation, and expansionof nonprofit school lunch programs.
George-Barden Act (P. L. 79-586)-expandedFederal support of vocational education.
1948 United States Information and Educational Ex-change Act (P.L. 80-402)-provided for theinterchange of persons, knowledge: and skillsbetween the United States and othercountries.
1949 Federal Property and Administrative ServicesAct (P.L. 81-152)- provided for donation ofsurplus property to educational institutionsand for other public uses.
1950 Financial assistance for local educationalagencies affected by Federal activities (P.L.81-815 and P.L. 81-874) provided assistancefor construction (P.L. 815) and operation(P.L. 874) of schools m federally affectedareas
Housing Act (P.L. 81.475) -authorized loans forconstruction of college housing facilinis.
144
1954.
1956
1957
1958
1961
1962
155
School Milk Program Act (P.L. 83-690)-providedfunds for purchase of milk for school lunchprograms.
Cooperative Research Act (P.L. 83-531) -authorized cooperative arrangements withuniversities, colleges, and State educationagencies for educational research.
National Advisory Committee on Education Act(P.L. 83-532)-established a National AdvisoryCommittee on Education to recommend tothe Secretary of Health, Education, and Wel-fare needed studies of national concern in thefield of education and to propose appropriateaction indicated by such studies.
Library Services Act (P.L. 84. 597)-authorizedgrants to States for extension and improve-ment of rural public library services.
Practical Nurse Training Act (P.L. 84-911)-provided grants to States for practical nurset raining.
National Defense Education At (f.T,.
85-865)-provided assistance to State and Localschool systems for strengthening instruction inscience, mathematics, modern foreign lan-guages, and other critical subjects; improve-ment of State statistical services; guidance,counseling, and testing services and traininginstitutes; higher education student loans andfellowships; foreign language institutes andadvanced foreign language study and trainingprovided by colleges and universities; experi-mentation and dissemination of informationon more effective utilization of television,motion pictures, and related media for educa-tional purposes; and vocational education fortechnical occupations necessary to the
national defense.Education of Mentally Retarded Children
Act (P.L. 85-926--authorized Federal
assistance for training teachers of thehandicapped.
Captioned Films for the Deaf Act (P.L.85- 905) authorized a loan service of cap-tioned films for the deaf.
Area Redevelopment Act (Pl. 87.27)-includedprovisions for training or retraining of personsin redevelopment areas.
Manpower Development and Training Act (P.L.87.415)- provided training in new and im-proved skills for the unemployed and under-employed
Communications Act of 1934, Amendment (Pl.87447)- provided grants for the construction
of educational television broadcasting facil-ities.
Migration and Refugee Assistance Act of 1962(P.L. 87-510)authorized loans, advances, andgrants for education and training of refugees.
1963 Health Professions Educational Assistance Act(P.L. 88-I2§)provided funds to expandteaching facilities and for loans to students inthe health professions.
Vocational Education Act of 1963 (P.L.88-210)increased Federal support of voca-tional education, including support of resi-dential vocational schools, vocational work-study programs, and research, training, anddemonstrations in vocational education.
Higher Education Facilities Act of 1963 (P.L.88-204)authorized grants and loans for class-rooms, libraries, and laboratories in publiccommunity colleges and technical institutes aswell as undergraduate and graduate facilities inother institutions of higher education.
1964 Civil Rights Act of 1964 (P.L. 88-452)authorized the Commissioner to (I) arrange,through grants or contracts with institutionsof higher education, for the operation ofshort-term or regular session institutes forspecial training to improve ability of ele-mentary and secondary school instructionalstaff to deal effectively with special educationproblems occasioned by desegregation; (2)make grants to school boards to pay, in wholeor in part, the cost of providing inservicetraining in dealing with problems incident todesegregation, and (3) provide school boardstechnical assistance in desegregation and re-quired nondiscrimination in federally assistedprograms.
Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 (P.L.88-452)authorized grants for college work-study programs for students from low-incomefamilies; established a Job Corps program andauthorized support for work-training programsto provide education and vocational trainingand work experience for unemployed youths,provided training and work experience oppor-tunities in welfare programs, authorized sup-port of education and training activities and ofcommunity action programs, including HeadStart, Follow Through, and Upward Bound.and authorized the establishment of Volunteersin Service to America (VISTA).
1965 Elementary and Secondary Education Act (P.L.89-10)--authorized giants for elementary and
145
156,
secondary school programs for children oflow-income families; school library reiources,textbooks, and other instructional materialsfor school children; supplementary educational centers and services; strengthening Stateeducation agencies; and educational researchand research training.
Health Professions Educational AssistanceAmendments (P.L. 89-290)authorized scholar-ships to aid needy students in the healthprofessions and grants to improve the qualityof teaching in schools of medicine, dentistry.osteopathy, optometry. %Aid podiatry.
Higher Education Act of 1965 (P.L. 89 -329)provided grants for university communityservice programs, college library assistance,library training and research, strengtheningdeveloping institutions; teacher training pro-grams; and undergraduate instructional equip-ment. Authorized insured student loans,established a National Teacher Corps, and pro-vided for graduate teacher training fellowships.
Medical Library Assistance Act (P.L.89-291)provided assistance for constructionand improvement of health sciences libraries.
National Foundation on the Arts and theHumanities Act (P.L. 89-209)authorizedgrants and loans for projects in the creativeand performing arts, and for research, training,and scholarly publications in the humanities.
National Technical Institute for the Deaf Act(P.L. 89 -36) provided for the establishment,/construction, equipping, and operation of aresidential school for postsecondary educationand technical training of the deaf.
National Vocational Student Loan Insurance Act(P.L. 89- 287) encouraged State and nonprofitprivate institutions and organizations toestablish adequate loan insurance programs toassist students to attend postsecondary busi-ness, trade, technical, and other vocationalschools.
Disaster Relief Act (P.L. 89-313)provided forassistance to local education agencies to helpmeet exceptional costs resulting from a majordisaster.
1966 International Education Act (P.L. 89.698)provided grants to institutions of higher educa-tion for the establishment, strengthening, andopt ration of centers for research and trainingin international studies and the internationalaspects of other fields of study.
National Sea Grant College and Program Act (P.L.
89-688)--authorized the establishment and
operation of sea grant colleges and programsby initiating and supporting programs of edu-cation and research m the various fieldsrelating to the development of marine. re-sources.
Adult Education Act (P.L. 89-7501authorizedgrants to States for the encouragement andexpansion of educational programs for adults,including training of teachers of adults anddemonstrations in adult education (previouslypart of the Economic Opportunity Act of1964).
Model Secondary School for the Deaf Act (PL.89.694) authorized the establishment andoperation, by Gallaudet College, of a modelsecondary school for the deaf to serve theNational Capital region.
Elementary and Secondary Education Amend-ments of 1966 (P.L.89-750)in addition tomodifying existing programs, authorizedgrants to assist States in the Initiation. ex-pansion, and improvement of programs andprojects for the education of handicappedchildren at the preschool, elementary, andsecondary school levels.
1967 Education Professions Development Act (P.L.90.35) amended the Higher Education Act of1965 for the purpose of improving the qualityof teaching and to help meet critical shortagesof adequately trained educational personnel.
Public Broadcasting Act of 1967 (P.L. 90-129)established a Corporation for Public Broad-casting to: Assume major responsibility inchanneling Federal funds to noncommercialradio and television stations, program produc-tion groups, and ETV networks directly orthrough contract, conduct research. demon-stratioii. or, training in matters related tononcommercial broadcasting. and award grantsfor construction of educational radio as well astelevision facilities
1968 Elementary and Secondary Education Amend-ments of 1967 (P.L 90-247) -in addition tomodifying existing programs, authorized sup-port of regional centers for education ofhandicapped children, model centers and
services for deaf-blind children, recruitment ofpersonnel and dissemination of information oneducation of the handicapped, technicalassistance in education to rural areas, supportof dropout prevention projects: and support ofbilingual education programs
Handicapped Children's Early EducationAssistance Act (P.L.90-538)authorized pre-school and early education programs forhandicapped children.
Vocational Education Amendments of 1968(P.L.90-570changed the basic formula for alloca-ting funds; provided for a National AdvisoryCouncil on Vocational Education, expansibnof vocational' education services to meet therieeds of the disadvantaged, collection anddissemination of information for programsadministered by ,the Commissioner of Educa-tion, and preparation of a catalog of allFederal education assistance programs.
Higher Education Amendments of 1968 (P.L.90-575)authorized new programs to assistdisadvantaged college students through specialcounseling and summer tutorial programs, andprograms to assist colleges to combine re-sources for cooperative uses, including closed-circuit television and computer.networks: Alsoauthorized grants to_gx.palicl and strengthenstudent cooperative programs and to expandprograms which provide clinical experiences tolaw students.
1970 Elementary and Secondary Education AssistancePrograms, Extension (P.L. 91-230authorizedcomprehensive planning and evaluation grantsto State and local education agencies; providedfor the establishment of a National Commission on School Finance.
National Commission on Libraries and Infor-mation Science Act (P.L.91-345)-establisheda National Commission on Libraries and Infor-mation Science to effectively utilize theNation's educational resources and tocooperate with State and local governmentsand public and private agencies in assuringoptimum provision of services.
Office of Education Appropriation Act, (P.L.91 -380 ) provided emergency school
to desegrating local education
146
157
assistanceagencies.
Environmental Education Act (P.L. 91-516)--8tablished
an Office of EnvironmentalEducation to. Develop curriculum and initiateand maintain environmental educationprograms at the elementary-secondary levels;disseminate information; provide trainingprograms for teachers and other educational.public, community. labor. and Industrialleaders and employees. provide communityeducation programs: and distribute material
dealing with environment andecology.
Drug Abuse Education Act of 1970 (P.L.9 1 -52 7 )provided for : Development,demonstration, and evaluation of curriculums on the problems of drug abuse;dissemination of information; support oftraining programs for teachers, counselors,law-enforcement officers, and other publicleaders and officials, and support of com-munity education program: fo, parents andothers on drug abuse problems.
1971 Comprehensive Health Manpower Training Actof 1971 (P.L. 92-257)amended title VII ofthe Public Health Service Act, increasing
and expanding provisions for health man-power training and training facilities.
Nurse Training Act of 1971 (P.L. 92-158)amended title VIII, Nurse Training,of the Public Health Service Act, increasingand expanding provisions for nurse trainingfacilities.
1972 Drug Abuse Office and Treatment Act of1972 (P.L. 92-255)established a Special
Action Office for Drug Abuse Prevention toprovide overall planning and policy for allFederal drugabuse prevention functions; aNational Advisory Council for Drug AbusePrevention; community assistance grants forcommunity mental health centers for treat-ment and rehabilitation of persons withdrug-abuse problems, and, m December1974, a National Institute of Drug Abuse.
Education Amendments of 1972 (P.L.92-318)established a National Institute ofEducation; general aid for institutions ofhigher education; Federal matching grantsfor State -s'student incentive grants; a Na-tional Commission on Financing Postsecondary Education; State AdvisoryCouncils on Community Colleges; a Bureauof Occupational and Adult Education andState grants for the design, establishment,and conduct of postsecontry ,occupationaleducation; and a bureau0evel Office ofIndian Education. Amended current Officeof Education programs to increase their ef-fectiveness and better meet special needs.
Prohibited sex bias in admissions to voca-tional, professional, and graduate schools,
and public institutions of undergraduate
higher education.1973 Older Americans Comprehensive Services
W.,
Amendment of 1973 (P.L. 93-29)madeavailable to older citizens comprehensive
programs of health, education, and socialservices.
1974 Educational Amendments of 1974 (P.L.93-380)provided for the consolidation ofcertain education programs; established a
National Center for Education Statistics inthe Office of the Assistant Secretary forEducation and transferred to the Center,from the Office of Education, the responsi-bility for the collection and diffusion ofeducation statistics; specified that the Officeof Education shall be the primary Federalagency responsible for the administration ofprograms of financial assistance toeducational agencies, institutions, and
organizations; authorized a White House
Conference on Education, and mandatedseveral education, surveys and studies.
Juvenile Justice and Delinquency PreventionAct of 19/4 (P.L. 93415)provided fortechnical assistance, staff training, central-ized research, and resources to develop andimplement programs to keep students inelementary and secondary schools ana pee -vent unwarranted and arbitrary suspensionsand expulsions; established, in the Depart-ment of Justice, a National Institute forJuvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
White House Conference on Library and In-formation Services Act (PL. 93-568)author-ized and requested the President to call aWhite House conference on library and in-formation services not later than 1978.
1975 Indian Self-Determination and EducationAssistance Act (P.L. 93-638)provided forincreased participation of Indians in the
establishment and conduct of theireducation programs and services.
Harry S Truman Memorial Scholarship Act(P.L. 93-642)established the Harry S
Truman Scholarship Foundation and createda perpetual education scholarship fund foryoung Americans to prepare and pursuecareers in public service.
Indochina Migration and Refugee AssistanceAct of 1975 (PL. 94-23)au thorized funds to beused for education and training of aliens whohave fled from Cambodia or Vietnam.
There is no single total for Federal funds foreducation that is meaningful for all purposes, but
147
158
there are many possible totals which may be con-structed to service partcular needs. This mul-
tiplicity is probably d o the many, kinds ofassistance provided, the ferences in the mannerof distributing assistance, the special circumstanceswhich described the program beneficiary as eachprogram was legislatively tailored for its special
purpose, and, of course, the purposes of the datauser. However, table 142 (Part I), "Federal fundssupporting education in educational institutions,"gives one -summary which the Office of Educationhas found useful. Part I includes those programsmost frequently considered in the general categoryof Federal aid to education: Grants and loans areseparated because of the obvious difference whichrequires repayments of loans but not grants. PartII includes data for other programs which mayalso be considered in determining Federal funds
for education.
Table 141 shows where the money ,comesfromthe Federal agencies which make the fundsavailable for the various education programs. Thistable reveals that the Federal role in education
and related activities involves many Federal
agencies and varies from relatively insignificant
amounts to over $8 billion estimated for the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare for
the 1976 fiscal year. Eight agencies estimated
amounts in excess of $100 million, exclusive of
outlays for research and development. The supportprovided various levels of educationelementary-secondary, higher, vocational-technical and con-
. firming education, and "other" programsis alsoshown.
Noteworthy is the fact that amounts in tables141 and 142 report Federal funds from a
"Federal" vantage point. This will differ from
State and local education agency reports and
higher education reports of Federal receipts. Amajor reason for the difference is the fact that
Federal payments to individuals and to nonschoerlagencies for education or education services cannotbe identified as Federal funds by the educationalinstitutions. Consequently, amounts of Federal re-
ceipts shown in State, local, and institutional re-
ports will he lower than amounts reported for thesame years from this "Federal" perspective.
A somewhat different view of the Federal
educational involvement is brought into focus intable 143, from the National Science Foundationpublication Federal Funds for Research,
Development, and Other Scientific Activities, Vol.XXIII. For example, to the extent that federallysuppo 'Ited research may be considered to be
educationrelated, this table shows federally sup-
ported educational activity taking place in manyinstitutions other than those formally described aseducational, including industrial establishments,
federally operated facilities, and various nonprofitestablishments. Figures from the National ScienceFoundation were also used to obtain the researchand development amounts reported in tables 141
and 142 for colleges and universities and for
Federal obligations to universities and colleges
reported in table 147:
148
Table 144 gives additional information aboutthe programs for training grants, fellowships, andtraineeships included in table 141. Figures for thistabulation, like those in tables 141 and 142, wereobtained from Information provided the Office ofManagement and Budget for "Special Analysis I,"a chapter in its publication, Special Analyses,
Budget of the United States, Fiscal Year 1976.
A summary of Office of Education dis-
bursemerits for the years from 1960 to 1976, bylegislative program, is presented in table 146. Thistable reveals the support pattern for the Office ofEducation by showing changes in levels of supportfor different educational activities and the
appearance of new activities. Funds transferred tothe Office of Education from other Federal
agencies for various education services are
presented at the bottom of 1114 table.
Stateby-State data on Federal educational,assistance from various Federal agencies are
displayed in tables 145, 147, and' 148. Table 147includes amounts for higher education institutionsonly and is based on Federal obligations duringthe 1973 fiscal year regardless of when funds werespent by a recipient institution. Higher educationloans to students and institutions, federalexpenditures for Federal employee training, and
veterans' education benefits are not included in
these higher education figures.
151
r
0
In contrast with table 147, amounts reported intable 145 combine "obligations" for Office ofEducation programs with "outlay" amounts for theDepartment of Agriculture and the Office of Child
,
e
V
Development in the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Table 149 shows Office ofEducation funds for instructional materials and
equipment.
149
160
. CI
Table 141. -Federal funds for education and related
[In thousands
', Agency
Total.
Elementary r secondaryeducation
Higher
1974 1975 1976 1974' 1975 1976 1974
Total $17,937,374 622,082,300 621,790,090 64,207,487, 64,988,718 54,873,870 $6,415,553
Department of Health, Ed-ucation, and Welfare 6,377,902 7,921,528 8,009,698 3,283,193 3,934,447 3,826,156 2,500,898
Education Division (4,678,385) (6,013,187) (6,262,427 (2,880,521) (3,494,461) (3,371,186) (1,563,709)
Public Health Service (840,587) (958,908) (804,952) - - - - (791,775)
Social and Rehabilita-tion Service (67,384) (97,853) (74,337) (10,876) (10x500) '16,600) (20,687)
Other (791,546) (851,580) (867,982) (391,796) (429,486) (448,370) (124,727)
Department of Agriculture . . 1,521,428 1,894,715 1,747,836 56,834 . 58,753 59,200 - -
Department of Commerce 12,826 14,000 16,467 379 392 421 2,448
Department of Defense 1,195,189 1,268,026 1,340,814 252,803 242,211 \ 267,957 644
Department of Housing and ,
Urban Development 91,488 36,479 13,200 '74,206 44,352 ' 36,432 -9,064Department of the Interior 282,755 358,424 378,537 223,512 283,230 \289,829 25,989
Department of Justice 56,420 64,054 49,552 - - 37,607
Department of Labor . . . 1,564,000 2,860,000 2,752,000 129,073 207,994 175,500 - -
Department of State 36,084 38,406 . 45,716 5,574 6,115 ? 148 - -
Department of Transportation 28,878 38,241 42,142 - - - - - - 2,392
Department of the Treasury . . 1,973 10,786 23,702 - - - - 10
ACTION 15,218 15,380 16,802 134 349 391 - - -
Appalachian Regional Devel-opment Commission 61,815 70,338
:68,400 53,139 59,478 57,390
,
7,104
Atomic Energy Commission . . . 5,343 6,497 8,850 2,424 3,450 3,808 2,347
Corporation for PublicBroadcasting 22,000 27,000 32,000 - - - - - 5,720
District of Columbia' . . . . .. 60,356 78,971 69,496 51,194 54,263 57,893 9,162
Environmental ProtectionAgency ....... . .. . . 5,720 4,300 2,500 - - - - - - 5,720
Government ServicesAdministration 11,338 12,473 13,915 - - - - - - - - - - -
International DevelopmentAssistance, Alliance forProgress 47,231 88,501 152,950 - - - - - - - - - -
Library of Congress ... . . . . 85,926 102,364 120,973 - - - - - - - - -
National Aeronautics andSpace Administration .. . . . 4,703 4,300 4,300 - - - - - 3,376
National Foundation on theArts end the Humanities . . 7,852 10,987 14,372 4,510 5,472 8,700 3,42
National Science Foundation . . 34,539 32,828 32,889 2,000 1,375 2,000 32;539
Smithsonian Institution . . . 3586 43,992 56,431 - - - - -
U S. Information Agency .. . . 2,918 3,261 3,278 1,009 1,235 1,235 - -
Veterans Administration . , 3,175,799 3,695,525 3,392,270 67,483 85,600 79,810 2,307,941
Research and development incolleges and universities I
(all agencies) 3,191,687 3,380,924 ' 3,381,000 - - - - 1,483,098
NCES estimate
NOTE -Numbers in parentheses add up to total for Department of Healtb, Education, and Welfare
SOURCES 11) National Center for Education Statistics, U S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, from informaticiWcol-
lected by the Office of Management and Budget for its report Special Analyses, Budget of the United States, Fiscal year
1976. 12I Research and development data for 1974 and 1975 from National Science Foundation, Federal Funds for Re-
search, Development, and Other Scientific Activities, Fiscal Years 1973,1974, and 1975, Volumn XXIII.X i
150
161
activities, by agency: Fiscal years 1974 to 1976
of dollars)
educationVocational, technics! and continuing
education(Other
1975 1976 1974 1975, 1976 1974 1975 1976
$7331,402 $7,731,412 $2,455,815 $3,125,370 $3,606,619 $4,158,639 $5,536,812 $6,571,119
\'t
3,279,725 3,480,297 146,734 192,685 175,883 447,077 514,671 527,362
(2,219,366) 12,581,377) (87,379) (95,118) (101,502) 1146,776) (204,242) 1208,362)
(902,556) (758,189) (22,674) (29,352) (19,763) (26,138) (27,000) (27,000)
(20,203) (13,437) (35,821) (67,150) (54,300) - -- - - - - -
(137,600) (127,294) (860) (1,065) (318) (274,163) (283,429) (292,000)
- - - - - - - - - - - - - . 1,464,594 1,835,962 1,638,636
2,973 4,258 1,273 1,417 593 8,726 9,218 11,195
651 723 2,121 1,392 1,716 939,621 1,024,772 1,070,418
-25,398 -34,934 26,346 17,525 11,702 - - - - - - - -
35,254 35,468 33,254 39,940 53,240 - - - - - -
41,575 26,647 8,641 9,901 10,121 10,172 12,538 12,784
. .. 1,434,927 2,652,006 2,576,500 ... - - - - -
- - - - - . 30,510 32,291 ., 38,568
3,186 2,625 - - . - - - - 26,486 35,055 39,517
16 16 . - - - - - - 1,963 10,770 23,686
. - - - - - - - - - 15,084 15,031 16,411
8,300 8,400 1,572 2,560 2,610 - - - - - - - -
2,398 4,250 572 649 792 - - - - - - - -
- - - 22,00(1 27,000 32,000
24,708 11,603 - --- -,- - - . - - - --
4,300 2,500 . - . - - --- - - - ---
- - - - - - - 11,338 12,473 13,915s
- . - 47,231 88,501 152,950
. - 85,926 102,364 120,973
3,000 3,000 - 1,327 1,300 1,300
5,515 5,672 -- - -
31,453 30,889 - . - ---- - - -- - - 35,986 43,992 56,431
e - - -`- - 1,909 2,026 2,043
2,702,630 2,538,998 800,375 907,295 773,462 - - - - - -
1,611,116 ' 1,611,000 -- 1,708,589 1,769,808 ' 1,770,000
151
162
Tab
le 1
42.-
Fed
eral
fund
s fo
r ed
ucat
ion
and
rela
ted
activ
ities
: 196
0 to
197
6
[In th
ousa
nds
of d
olla
rs)
Typ
e of
sup
port
, lev
el, a
ndpr
ogra
m o
res
1960
1962
1964
1966
1968
-19
6919
70
-19
7119
7219
73
.I
1914
1975
(est
imat
ed)
1976
(est
imat
ed)
12
34
56
78
,... 9
1011
.3 2
13
r
14
PA
RT
IF
eder
al fu
nds
supp
ortin
g ed
ucat
ion
in e
dJca
tiona
l mat
tutio
ns
Tot
al g
ants
and
loan
s..
81,7
14,7
81$2
,109
,795
$2,7
77,3
610,
762,
150
$7,7
81,6
3688
,054
,411
$9,2
20,3
55$1
0,12
7,94
581
1,77
0,91
1$1
2,58
1,44
0$1
3P78
,835
$16,
546,
488
$16,
211.
01
Gra
nts,
tota
l14
74,4
551,
789,
263
2,31
2,46
75,
150,
450
7,17
8,05
7,56
1,21
18,
712,
381
10,5
13,2
0411
,422
,265
12,3
43,9
2812
,70,
173
16.1
0,21
315
,752
,353
Ele
men
tary
and
sec
onda
ryed
ucat
ion
490,
480
542;
320
666,
501
2,03
7,10
32,
967,
004
2,83
8,43
93,
112,
418
3,72
4,36
33,
856,
527
4,08
4,97
24,
207,
467
4,98
8,71
64,
873,
870
Sch
ool a
ssis
tanc
e Ir
.fe
dera
lly a
ffect
edar
eas
258,
198
282,
909
334,
289
409;
593
506,
372
397,
581
656,
372
527,
043
648,
608
580,
493
568,
527
649,
205
364,
369
Eco
nom
ic o
ppor
tuni
typr
ogra
ms'
-47
,133
53,0
0067
,000
404,
300
628,
533
552,
434
534,
482
664,
355
473,
307
718,
572
730,
038
896,
815
879,
161
Nat
iona
l Def
inse
Edu
ca-
tion
Act
-equ
ipm
ent'
62,7
1853
,574
69,8
4198
,192
109,
009
74,3
1658
,547
44,6
4742
,629
36,6
0231
,716
41,6
0028
,475
Sup
port
ing
serv
ices
'.p
1,22
11,
917
2,42
371
,078
280,
481
290,
107
237,
532
*--2
.14,
54a5
226
7,74
928
1,19
324
2,06
729
8,42
641
1,70
9
Ass
ista
nce
for
educ
a-
tiona
lly d
epriv
edch
ildre
n'.
,.
-10
643
717
9,
747,
103
1,05
6,98
31,
096,
106
1,20
7,89
41,
575,
282
1,61
3,84
71,
560,
359
1,53
4,37
2-1
1119
,327
2,08
8,23
3
Tea
cher
Cor
ps.
4,00
05,
100
6,32
516
,019
19,3
5818
,191
2647
6123
,887
32,0
9233
,073
33,9
8436
,383
Voc
atio
nal e
duca
tion
32,8
0037
,579
39,5
6993
,268
185,
224
152,
441
181,
379
241;
481
282,
545
305,
728
289,
610
308,
970
263,
973
Dep
ende
nts'
sch
ools
.ab
road
....
..
..32
,766
40,5
2061
,500
79,1
0068
,220
108,
589
137,
138
146,
615
168,
908
190,
603
sl.
218,
287
- 20
8,28
233,
903
Pub
lic la
nds
reve
nue
for
scho
ols
40,9
9443
,524
48,6
0054
,144
52,2
9466
,112
82,3
7678
,893
.73
,285
90,6
4611
0,41
5"13
9,27
715
6,95
4
Ass
ista
nce
in !p
et's
!ar
eas'
....
..
..
..
.10
,017
20,7
6032
,600
68,8
0058
,286
71,1
1878
,992
120,
719
156,
757
,17
6,92
215
9,54
913
3,14
912
4,14
1
Vet
eran
s' e
duca
tion
- -
--
--
- -
--
- -
3,20
04,
924
6,23
313
,763
16,6
7443
,835
67,4
8385
,600
79,8
10
.E
mer
genc
y sc
hool
as-
sist
ance
,-
-
.. -
-. -
--
- -
.-
--
- -
51,2
3968
,816
43,3
9118
4,60
122
5,21
415
2,81
0
Oth
er'
,-
4,52
74,
400
5,40
05,
200
2,38
35,
3113
13,2
8216
,313
,,19
,515
24,5
3648
,121
0,86
053
,949
Hig
her
educ
atio
n .
-82
9,88
01,
170,
322
1,45
6,83
52,
271,
747
3,24
0,17
033
46,2
193,
910,
878
4,89
5,58
85,
172,
443
5,96
4,98
76,
063,
691
7,35
2,20
77,
271,
864
Bas
ic r
esea
rch
in U
.S.
educ
atio
nal i
nstit
utio
nspr
oper
'60
2,90
069
8,60
094
1,00
01,
039,
000
1,02
0,00
098
4900
1,05
4,38
51,
192,
167
1,17
5,49
61,
299,
824
1,41
2,04
6
Res
earc
h fa
cilit
ies'
,-
4437
,000
' 121
,800
133,
500
194,
000
199,
790
238;
516
225,
130
227,
908
175,
747
204,
985
183,
274
199,
070
....2
4,,,.
...99
,000
Tra
inin
g ga
nts,
fello
W-
ship
s, a
nd tr
aine
es/li
ps15
9,49
429
9,90
044
3,00
063
0,40
070
1,41
965
2,83
089
5,96
01,
037,
202
962,
008
1,18
4,99
01,
120,
491
,1,
216,
806
1,00
0,16
1
Fac
ilitie
s an
d eq
uipm
ent -
.1,
206
3,40
432
,535
;109
,547
549,
362
482,
387
513,
162
518,
944
400,
141
- 23
5,58
614
0,01
215
1,35
7.1
22.0
23
,
Oth
er in
stitu
tiona
l sup
-po
rtO
ther
stu
dent
ass
ista
nce
Oth
er h
ighe
r ed
ucat
ion
assi
stan
ce
40ca
tiona
rtec
hnic
alan
d
.aon
tinui
ng e
duca
tion
(not
cla
ssif
iabl
e by
Voc
atio
nal,
tech
hica
l, an
dw
ork
trai
ning
'V
eter
ans'
edu
catio
n.
Gen
eral
con
tinui
nged
ucat
ion'
Tra
inin
g St
ate
and
loca
l per
sonn
el
Lon
na, t
otal
(hi
gher
educ
atio
n
Stud
ent l
oan
prog
ram
,N
atio
nal D
efen
se E
du-
catio
n A
ct'3
Col
lege
fac
ilitie
s lo
ans'
13,5
8024
8,60
0
1 4.
095
26,7
1869
,500
103,
900
62,3
00
11,7
0017
,400
76,6
2118
9,13
1
16,1
4423
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14,2
3113
4,30
049
900
25,1
00
(I I
(a I
3,651
2,90
05,
800
240,
326
32d5
3246
4,69
4
40,3
2674
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177,
394
200,
000
245,
900
287,
500
163
139,
637
173,
066
178,
156
266,
090
292,
291
339,
625
363,
732
406,
465
19,6
9121
4,20
060
8,88
376
9,44
51,
101,
924
1,78
1,58
12,
130,
063
2,82
4,30
32,
956,
358
3,96
6,46
14,
118,
969
18,8
002,
059
9,97
512
,546
9,47
6
841,
600
971,
181
1,36
6,55
3.1,
569,
093
1,97
3,25
32,
333,
295
2,29
3,96
92,
455,
815
3,82
5,37
03,
606,
619
821,
300
851,
633
1,16
3,44
41,
2692
541,
515,
741
1,82
9,48
11,
474,
847
1,49
4,92
72,
750,
006
2,67
5,50
0
6,30
079
,645
123,
970
244,
634
357,
414
429,
229
658,
424
800,
375
907,
295
773,
462
( '
' I
28,701
60,3
6465
,855
68,3
0512
5,71
514
9,73
814
8,11
715
3,32
614
5,74
6
1;-
14,000
11,152
18,7
759,
350
11,7
938,
670
10,9
6012
,396
14,7
4311
,911
4
611,
700
603,
2111
"T'
5032
90.
507,
966
334,
441
348,
728
;34
5,73
235
1,96
237
9,19
64
59 ,5
4
eP
235,
900
226,
303
230,
694
196,
843
231,
706
287,
161
324,
551
362,
795
394,
927
486,
943
375,
800
376,
978
272,
586
311,
123
102,
735
61,5
6321
,181
-10,
933
-15,
732
-27,
395
PAR
T 1
1.O
ther
Fede
ral N
ods
for
educ
iatio
n an
d re
late
d =
win
es
Tot
al
App
lied
rese
arch
and
deve
lopm
ent'
...
.
Scho
ol lu
nch
and
milk
prog
ram
s.
Tra
inin
gof
Fed
eral
pers
onne
l.
...U
S a
cade
mie
s..
Prof
essi
onal
trai
ning
,m
ilita
ry.
..
.
Civ
ilian
edu
catio
nan
d ya
rnin
g in
non-
Fede
ral f
acili
thrs
.,,.
....
.-
Lib
rary
lem
on.
..
.
Gra
nts
to p
p bl
lc li
brar
ies
Nat
iona
l hbo
ory
ten.
nots
'
2,28
5,79
3
471,
000
305,
512
1,02
7,87
5
.53,
113
'495
6,00
0
113,
762
21,1
05
6,05
6. 1
5,04
9
2,77
0,31
9
754,
700
366,
900
' -
1.,1
77,4
83
59,4
16
1,0@
6,58
4'
31,4
83
22,2
32
-6,
932
15,3
00
3,21
7,17
9
906,
300
411,
700
1,37
0,40
0
119,
796
1,20
2,60
4
.48
.000
25,2
43
: 744
317
26-0
0
3,90
1,44
1,05
4,00
0
421,
900
1,70
6,70
5
154,
593
1,47
6,50
7
81,6
05
72,2
15
40,9
1531
,800
3,12
0,27
9
1,15
7,00
0
543,
845
1,13
8,33
3
141,
599
£123
,470
73,2
64
136,
099
62,0
1774
,082
3,33
2,16
6 6
1,23
0,00
0
'597
,700
639,
853
170,
466
375,
106
94,2
80
166,
124
62,7
9412
3,33
0
3,43
1,97
5
1.24
0,00
0
476,
196
691,
694
164,
262
492,
040
15,3
32
170,
135
50,2
35)1
9,90
0
4,01
1,24
5
1,31
8,96
3
928,
186
854,
930
218,
869
614,
099
21,9
62
156,
339
52,9
7513
3,36
3
4,52
6,52
1
1,47
0,55
6
1,21
3,07
5
961,
215
232,
047
7111
1,18
0
10,9
8111
165,
096
56,2
4610
6,85
0
4,71
2,24
7
1,46
5,35
6
1,29
8,00
2
1,06
1,92
6
275,
671
779,
934
6,32
1
166,
712
45,7
8212
0,93
0
061;
539
1,70
8,58
9
1266
,673
960,
032
248,
567
719,
1111
6
11,5
76
,20
7,07
5
43,2
0216
3243
5,63
8,81
2
1,76
9,80
8
1,61
7,03
3
1,06
1441
271,
260
783,
781
27,1
00
245,
379
54.5
9;,
190,
782
5,57
111.
1118
11.7
70,0
90
1,46
3,36
4
.1,
146,
159
295,
676
,80
9.35
2
44,1
29
.26
5,07
2
41.2
e122
3,80
6
'See
foo
tnot
esat
and
ca
tabl
e4
Tab
le 1
42.-
Fede
ral f
unds
for
edu
catio
n an
d re
late
d ac
tiviti
es: 1
960
to 1
976-
Con
tinue
d
1ln
thou
sand
s of
don
ors)
Typ
e of
sup
port
, wire
!, en
dK
ea e
s19
6019
6219
6419
6619
6819
6919
7010
7119
7219
7319
74/ 1
975
*sw
inge
d)19
76(e
stim
ated
)..-
,.
12
3
...-
4
-.
56
.7
.8
9,
1011
1213
14
or#
PA
RT
II. O
ther
Fed
eral
fund
s fo
r ed
uce
ion
and
rela
ted
activ
ities
-Con
tinue
d
Inte
rnat
iona
l edu
catio
n
Edu
catio
nal e
xcha
nge
pro-
gram
..
-.
.
Age
ncy
fo In
tern
atio
nal
°will
ow-n
en. p
row
ls .
AC
TIO
N (
prev
ious
lyP
eace
Cor
ps)
...
Oth
er o
r.te
rnat
iona
l edu
-ca
tion
and
trai
ning
.
Oth
er
Agr
icul
tura
l ext
ensi
onse
rvic
e.
..
,.
Edu
catio
nal t
elev
isio
nfa
cilit
ies'
..
..
...
Edu
catio
n in
Fed
eral
cor
-re
ctio
nal i
nstit
utio
ns...
Val
ue o
f sur
plus
pro
pert
ytr
ansf
erre
dA
cqui
sitio
n co
st o
fpe
rson
al p
rope
rty
..F
eu v
alue
of '
sal
Pro
pert
yO
ther
",
..
..
.
83,5
25
2245
0
61,0
75
376,
776
53,7
15
1,45
3
3/0,
000
11,6
08
104,
05,..
21,0
60
81,0
00
346,
954
59.2
52
2,13
13
244,
900
21.0
0019
,664
112,
600
20,6
00
92,0
00
390,
936
79,4
00
2,89
5
268,
700
15,1
0324
.851
.429
50,2
71
1179
,158
417,
995 ,,.
89,2
1
,615
266,
400
15,1
0038
,701
272,
038
41,6
70
140,
000
43,6
41' 46
7
.
90,0
30
6,73
7
3,66
2
199,
383
26,2
76
,,'' 4
6 90
6
278,
135
38,
2
0,00
0
44,0
95
25,8
68\
400,
356
97,2
73
8,75
6
3,81
6
223,
503
13,2
5453
,754
//193
,464
30,8
50
111,
325
28,1
50\ 23
,139 ,
.46
0,48
6
124,
52
19.1
63
5,00
7
246,
1
1 " ,9
92
180,
668
36,1
01
105,
608
25,0
26
13,9
33
542,
160
1672 -,33
3
255,
,718
1,18
9
,,
\
122,
740
1I,:.
37
55,6
12
19,8
19
9,47
59:3
9
169,
811
8,00
0
9,06
6
299,
805
12,2
0094
,957
77,9
29
28,1
,9
/65
,2
,013
5,23
0
642,
322
185,
803
28,5
68
9,49
4
276,
699
25,2
8811
6,47
0
,
44c
94.5
63
30,5
10
47,2
31
15,0
84
1,73
8
601,
607
193,
436
22,0
00
10,1
72
255,
937
, 18,
226
p01,
636
139,
381
32,2
91
88,5
01
15,0
31
3,55
8
683,
070
213,
976
32,9
70
12,5
78
258,
429
25,0
0014
0,11
7
2095
613
38,5
68
152,
950
16,4
11
1,68
4
721,
981
219,
785
41,7
66
12,7
84
2136
,000
26.0
11
165,
646\
"t.
(nA
ides
Offi
ce o
f Eco
nom
ic O
ppor
tuni
ty, I
ndia
n ed
ucat
ion,
,V
PIa
ltach
lan
Reg
iona
l Dev
elop
men
t, D
epar
tmen
t of L
abor
,H
ad S
tart
pre
scho
ol71
'ude
t,sm
all a
rnoi
.nts
for
Nat
iona
l Def
ense
Edu
catio
n A
ctlo
llto
priv
ate
elem
enta
ryse
cond
ary
scho
ols
'Incl
udes
supp
lem
enta
lce
nter
s,sc
hool
libra
rym
ater
ials
,st
renT
reni
ng S
tale
edu
catio
n ag
enci
es, c
aptio
ned
film
s fo
rth
e de
., di
ssem
inat
ion
of in
form
atio
n, s
choo
l cou
nsel
ing
and
test
ing,
Vm
eric
an P
rintin
g H
ouse
for
the
Blin
d, p
lann
ing
and
eval
uatio
n.In
clud
esem
enta
ry a
nd S
econ
dary
Edu
catio
n A
ct, t
itle
I,ha
ndic
apch
ildre
n, d
ropo
ut p
reve
ntio
n, b
iling
ual e
duce
,-tio
n, K
enda
it S
choo
l for
the
Dea
f, an
d M
odel
Sch
ott,
for
the
Dea
fIn
clud
es D
mt
of C
olum
bia,
Can
al Z
one,
terr
itorie
s an
dde
pend
enci
es,
uban
ref
ugee
s, a
nd p
aym
ents
in li
eu o
f_sa
kes-
bY th
e A
tom
sE
nerg
y C
omm
is.io
n an
d th
e-T
enne
ssee
Val
ley
Aut
horit
y.tft
,In
clud
es e
lenl
anta
ry-s
econ
dary
prog
ram
s of
the
Nat
iona
t-S
cien
ce F
ourig
iatio
n, N
atio
nal F
ound
atio
n on
the
Art
s an
d-f
iuM
eniti
es, l
epar
tmen
t of D
efen
se, J
unio
r R
OT
C, a
ndN
atio
nal A
erau
tics
and
Spa
ce A
dmin
istr
atio
n, a
lso,
Offi
ceof
Chi
ld D
evie
bpm
ent p
rogr
ams
not i
nclu
ded
else
whe
re, a
ndO
ffice
of E
latio
n pr
ogra
ms
and
expe
nditu
res
not o
ther
wis
e-in
clud
ed
t
'Dat
a ar
e fr
om F
eder
al F
unds
for
Res
eaic
h, D
evel
opm
ent,
isnd
Oth
er S
cien
tific
Act
iviti
es, a
nnua
l pub
licat
ion,
Nat
iona
l SC
,.en
ce F
our,
'atio
nin
clud
es n
nive
rsity
-ope
rate
d re
sear
ch c
ento
rs21
976
amou
nts
are
not a
vaila
ble
Dat
a ar
e am
ount
s fo
r 19
75,
roun
ded
to i
mer
est n
'Incl
udes
adu
lt vo
cat o
nal e
duca
tion
and
man
pow
er tr
aini
ngpr
ogra
ms
Incl
udes
Offi
ce a
l Edu
catio
n, A
cuon
, hot
ted
and
Reh
abili
ta-
tion
Ser
vice
, Dep
artm
ent o
f Hou
sing
and
Urb
an D
evel
opm
ent,
Offi
ce o
f E^o
nom
ic D
evel
opm
ent,
and
addi
tiona
l pro
gram
sfo
r co
ntin
uing
edu
catio
nIn
clud
ed in
"V
ocat
iona
l, te
chni
cal,
and
wor
k tr
aini
ng,"
's In
clud
es N
atio
rial.D
efen
so E
duca
tion
Act
and
insu
red
stud
ent
Man
s--
"Mch
i3er
Bet
urf4
men
t _of
Hou
sing
and
Urb
an D
evel
opm
ent
colle
ge fl
outin
g lo
ans
and
Offi
ce o
f Edu
catio
n co
lluge
faci
litie
slo
ans
'4A
ctua
l fig
ure
not a
vaila
ble
Am
ount
est
imat
ed is
88 p
erce
nt o
f19
6? a
mou
nt'It
notu
des
Libr
ary
of In
gres
i, S
mith
soni
an In
stitu
tion,
Gen
-__
eral
Ser
vice
s A
dmin
ist a
wn,
Nat
iona
l Arc
hive
s an
d R
ecor
dsge
rvic
e, N
atio
nal A
gric
ultu
ral L
ibra
ry, N
atio
nal L
ibra
ry o
fM
edic
ine,
and
Gov
ernm
ent P
rintin
g O
ffice
dep
osito
ry li
brar
yan
d ca
talo
g an
d in
dex
ativ
ittes
f*Y
)Iso
mcl
udes
'edu
catio
n br
oadc
astin
g fa
cilit
ies
'111
014/
10di
s O
ffice
of E
duca
tion
and
othe
r ed
ucat
ion
prog
ram
sIn
mih
istr
atio
n ex
pend
iture
s no
t oth
erw
ise
incl
uded
.
N01
1ket
tnU
te o
f exc
lusi
on-
of-s
ome
prog
ram
s an
d be
caus
eto
re b
ased
on
Fed
eral
dis
burs
emen
t rat
her
than
on
11 a
dray
to s
pend
, the
figu
res
sinc
e 19
68 a
re n
ottly
mpa
rebl
e w
ith th
ose
for
earli
ef y
ears
.it
Ant
k ra
,is
e ba
sed
on F
eder
al o
utla
y bu
t "ob
ligat
ions
"s
are
used
whe
t' ou
tlay
figur
es a
re n
ot
SO
UR
CE
Co
Sta
tistic
s, U
.
min
t and
Bui
ltfa
re, f
rom
, in
the
Uni
ted
Sri
-_F
eder
al F
unds
fot,f
,e A
ctiv
ities
, V
V th
e N
atio
nal C
ente
r fo
r E
duca
tion
tmen
t of H
ealth
, Edu
catio
n, e
nd W
eln
colle
cted
,by
the
Off
toer
of M
anag
e-its
rep
ort p
eva%
Ana
lyse
s, B
udge
t of
I yea
r 1
76 fi
iese
arch
ata
are
from
Res
ikar
ch, 0
elo
omen
t, an
Oth
er S
cion
-X
XIII
, Nat
naI
Sci
ence
Fou
ndat
ion
/1
Table 143. Summary of Federal funds for research, development, and R&D plant, fiscal years 1973, 1974, and 1975
(Millions of dollars;
Actu.
Total expenditures for research, development andR&D plant
Research and development . 16,872.1 17,658.3R&D plant . . . . . 638.0 894.1
Total olgigetions for re-- se_RaztZAgemars_lnt 17,596.6
16,821.2Research and development .
Total research .
Basic research 2,419.5Applied research . . . 4,080.3
Development 10,321.3
R&D plant . . . . .. 774.3
6,499.9
18,715.1
17,743.2
7,197.1
$20,153.9
19,135.31,018.6
2,568.74,628 5
10,546.1
971.9
20,700.6
19,597.1
7,673.6
2,599.25,074.4
11,923.5
1,112.5
Research and developmentPerformers
Federal intramural' .
Industrial formsFFROC's' adminisieled
by industrial firms .
Universities and ..ollegesFFRDC's' administered by
universities and collegesNonprofit institutions .
F FR DC's' administered bynonprofit institutions .
State end local governmentsForeign . . .
ResearchPerformers
Federal intramural' .
Industrial firmsF FR DO' administered by
industrial firmsUniversities and collegesFFRDCV administered by
universities and collegesNonprofit institutionsFFROC's' administered by
nonprofit institutionsState and local governmentsForeign . .
Fields of scienceLife sciencesPsychology .
Physical sciences .
Environmental sciencesMathematics .
Engineering .
Socia! sciences .
Other sciences
Basic researchPerformers
Federal intramural'Industrial firmsFFRDC'e administered b.,-
industrial firmsUniversities and colleges .
F F ADC's' administered byuniversities and colleges
4,619.07,874.1
582.41,915.5
725.3600.6
183.1256.8
64.4
4,939.97,986.7
584.32,226.3
782.1720.3
187 9242.573.3
5,267.09,311.2
633.52,295.8
886 0697.6
209.3227.7
69.0
2,197.31,645.4
68.71,693.8
383 1331.4
52.088.239.9
2,468.81,640.9
69.71,981 5
407.6412 0
48 1115 353.4
2,058 7116.4
1,126.0791.1125.7
1,760 1296 3225.5
2,466.51373
1,211.3811.5142.1
1,908.7336.7182.6
2,634.11,810.5
Item
Basic research -Conti nued
Nonprofit institutions .
FFRDC's" administered bynonprofit institutions ..
State and local governmentsForeign
Fields of science
PsychologyPhysical sciencesEnvironmental sciencesMathematicsEngineeringSocial sciencesOther sciences
Applied researchPerformers
Federal intramural'industrial firmsFFRJC's' administered by
industrial firmsUniversities and collegesFFRDC's" administered by
universities and collegesNonprofit institutions .FFRDC's' administered by
nonprofit institutions .State and local governmentsForeign
Fields of scienceLife sciencesPsychology . .
Physical sciencesEnvironmental sciences .
MathematicsEngineering ......Social sciences .
Other sciences
80.3 Development2,053.1 Performers
Federal intramural' .
467.5 Industrial firms . .
405.4 F FR DC's' administered byindustrial firms
50.9 Universities and colleges118.8 FFRDC's' administered by53.0 universities and colleges
Nonprofit institutions .FFRDC's' administered by
nonprofit institutionsState and local overnments
or eogn
R&D plantPerforme:s
Fede,a1 intramural!Wu:trial firmsF F-FIDCV administered by
industrial firms . .
Universities and colleges654.6 FFRDC's' administered by361 5 universities and colleges
Nonprofit institutions . .
44 7 FFRDC's' administered by1,1238 nonprofit institutions .
State and local governments288.2 Foreign . . . . . .
1973 1974 I 1975
83.4
4.914.412.0
101.9
3.817.016.7
90.1
4.414.817.1
_ _ _758.3
2,362.6127.9
1,370.0873.4153.4
2,220.9374.1186.2
584.8505.3
39.4923 8
251.7
634 9456 4
38.21,036.1
263.8,
795.8444.7
57.1206.2
78.328.4
829.5429.856.0
209.191.121.9
799.9--55.3R80.3418.262.5
-268.1100.2
14.7
1,612.6 1,833.9 1,979.51,140.2 1,184.5 1,449.0
29.3 31.4 35.6770.0 945.5 929.3
131.4 143.8 179.3248.0 310.1 315.3
47.173.827.9Asa
1,300.565.5
330.2346 4
68.71,553.9
217.9197.1
44.398.336.7
46.5104U
35.9
1,597.375.6
381.7381.286.2
1.699.5245.7160.7
1,562.672.6
489.7455.391.0
1,957.8273.9171.5
2,421.7 2,471.16,228.7 6,345.9
513.6 I 514.6221.8 l 244.8
342.2 374.5269.2 308.2
131.1 139.8168.7 127.224.5 19.9
2,632.97,500.6
553.3242.7
418.5292.1
158.4108.9
16.0
323.8 I 409.576.8 130.7
145.0 208 442.6 49.2
425.2191.3
253.445 0
16'.3 134.1 154.115.3 34.0 36.2
3 1 2.23.0 3.51 9 .4
4.31.8
.3
' Intramural activities cover cJsts associate.' with the admin-istration of intramural and extramural programs by Federalpersonnel as well as actual intramural pe:fornences
'Federally funded research and development centers
NOTE -Because of rounding, details may not add to totals
SOURCE National Science Foundation, Federal Funds forResearch, Oevelopment and Other Sctennftc Ac-nettles, Vol XXIII.
167:56
Table 144.--Expenditures for fellowship, traineeship, and trainingwant programs of Federal agencies: Fiscal year 1973
[In thousands of dollars)
Agency and program Amount
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
Office of Education.Bilingual educationCollege personnel developmentCollege teacher fellowshipsDeveloping institutionsEducation developmentEducation personnel for training the handicappedEllender fellowships ,
Emergency school aidLibrarian training and library demonstrationNational Defense Education Act institutes; FullbrightHays fellowshipsOccupational, vocational and adult education
Public Health Service.Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health AdministrationCenter for Disease ControlFood and Drug AdministrationHealth Resources AdministrationHealth Services AdministrationNational Institutes of Health
National Cancer-fastituteNational Eye InstituteNational Heart and Lung InstituteNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNational Institute of Arthritis, Metabolism, and Digestive Diseases ,
National Institute of Child and Human DevelopmentNational Institute of Dental ResearchNational Institute of Environmental Health SciencesNational Institute of General Medical Scieniles -
National Institute of Neurological Diseases and StrokeNational Library of MedicineResearch Resources
Assistant Secretary for Human DevelopmentGallaudet CollegeSocial and Rehabilitation Service - public assistance ......... . .
Department of Housing and Urban Development Community development . .
Depirtment of the Interior - Indians
Department of Justice - Law enforcement . ..... . . . . .....Department of Transportation Urban mass transit . . . ........... . .
Department of the Treasury Law enforcement training
Atomic Energy Commission
Environmental Protection Agency . . ..... .
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
National Foundation for the Arts and the Humanities,
National Science Foundation.7'i
$8203,007
26,3282,443
90,47732,236
50015,9514,063
10,59513,610
82,750543224
543,90420,564
16,4683,531
17,4856,584
12,6508,406
-'5,6893,34-6-,
52,569 -.-
15,590 --..-,1,057 'N,
32523,569
176 N18,917
425
240
37,607
2,242
10
523
5,720
3,376
3,342
32,539
SOURCE. Compiled by the National Center far Education Statistics, U S Department ofHealth, Education, and Welfare, from information obtained from the Office of Managementand Budget for Special Analyses, Budget of thq United States, Fiscal Year 1975.
. 157
168i
a
Table 145.--Federal funds to State and local governments for elementary and secondaryeducation, by agency and by State: Fiscal year 1974
(In thousands of dollars)
State or other area Total
Department of Health,Education and Welfare
-Department
ofAgriculture'
Officeof
Education'
Office ofChild
Development'
1 2 3 4 5
Total $5,612,744 $3,669,960 '6404,546 $1,538,248
Alabama . 133,382 80,370 11,448 41,564Alaska . 51,215 46,865 1,881 2,469Arizona 73,828 52,940 7,359 13,529Arkansas . 71,712 43,814 5,847 22,051California . 496,488 356,274 30,174 110,040
Colorado . . . 68,748 48,921 5,847 13,980Connecticut . 54,008 37,590 3,189 13,229Delaware . . 16,820 11,536 1,186 4,098District of Columbia . 41,301 28,351 6,256 6,694Florida . . . 175,541 104,245 12,819 58,477
Georgia . . 160,640 96,157 6,296 58,187Hawaii 29,910 , 241,478 2,658 5,774Idaho 19,901 13,454 1,881 4,566Illinois 235,106 153,607 16,313 65,186Indiana 92,461 55,692 5,724 31,045
Iowa 57,051 33,044 3,639 20,368Kansas 55,310 35,419 5,029 14,862Kentucky 114,966 65,139 11,734 38,093Louisiana . 138,956 73,333 9,976 55,647Maine 26,785 16,761 2,003 8,021
Maryland . 106,215 79,313 4,538 22,364Massachusetts 119,744 73,872 8,831 37,041Michigan 180,292 128,912 10,303 41,077Minnesota 84,082 51,857 4,416 27,809Mississippi . 140,817 63,725 42,480 34,612
Missouri 102,530 62,402 9,363 30,765Montana . 26,615 19,924 2,494 4,197Nebraska , 37,095 25,580 2,249 9,266Nevada 12,432 9,503 736 2,193New Hampshire 15,757 10,763 1,104 3,890
Naw Jamey 165,064 117,305 11,366 36,393New Mexico 62,600 44,941 3,966 13,693New York 511,481 369,407 30,296 111,778North Carolina 190,941 116,623 12,511 61,807North Dakota 22,744 16,668 1,308 4,768
Ohio 195,395 119,440 11,530 64,425Oklahoma , 84,435 54,621 7,523 22,291Oregon 44,117 29,702 2,249 12,166Pennsylvania 223,905 148,402 12,266 63,237Rhode Island 23,888 16,642 1,145 6,101
South Carolina 111,471 67,839 7,482 _36450South Dakota 27,519 19,943 _1,922- 5,654Tennessee 115,301 68.267 8,504 38,535Texas 351,202 224,952 20,075 106,175Utah 33,481 22,759 2085 8,637
Vermont 11,699 7,508 1,022 3,169Virginia . 156,282 108,859 6,092 41,331Washington 82,143 58,944 5,560 17,639West Virginia 48,677 27,427 4,416 16 834Wisconsin 78,190 50,076 5,070 23,044Wyoming 12,139 9,673 654 1,812
American Samoa 2,219 1,297 (' ) 922Guam 6,722 5,728 (5) 994Puerto Rico 102,029 57,080 8,177 36,772Virgin Islands 5,203 2,389 859 1,955Trust Territory 4,194 2,622 '695 '877
' Includes "Elementary-secondary education" and "occupa-tional, vocational, and adult education" amounts from table144 and grants to States for handicapped children under titleI, P L 90-247.Data from Federal Aid to States, F al Year 1974, Depart-ment of the Treasury
'Includes amounts for National ool Lunch Program,Special Milk Program (Schools), School Breakfast Program,Nonfood Assistance, cost of commodities, and school break-fast programDoes not include $3.312 (in thousands) in adjustments foramounts undistributed to States
'Data for American Samoa, Guam. and Trust Territory arecombined
Includes 5104 (in thousands) for other areas.
NOTE -Because of rounding detail may not add to totals
Data combine "obligated" amounts for the Office ofEducation and expenditures for other agencies.
SOURCE Complied by the National Center for EducationStatistics from U S Department of Health, Education, andWelfare, Office of Education and U S Department ofAgriculture, Food and Nutrition Service tabulations Officeof Human Resources data from Fade,* Aid to States,Fiscal Year 1974, Department of the Treasury
158
169
41.
Tab
le 1
46.-
-Offi
ce o
f Edu
catio
n ex
pend
iture
s, b
y le
gisl
ativ
e pr
ogra
ttF
isca
l yea
rs 1
960
to 1
976
(In
thou
sand
s of
dol
lars
'
Legi
slat
ive
prog
ram
1960
1962
1964
1966
1968
1970
1._
1%74
1972
1973
1974
1975
'19
76'
I2
:.."
45
67
8`9
1011
1213
Tot
al
Ele
men
tary
and
Sec
onda
ry E
du-
catio
n A
ct2
Titl
e I
Edu
cat.o
nally
dep
rived
child
ren
Titl
e II
Libr
ary
reso
urce
sT
itle
III S
uppl
emen
tary
edu
-ca
tion
cent
ers
Titl
e V
Str
engt
heni
ng S
tate
depa
rtm
ents
of e
duca
tion'
$459
,965
$547
,408
$673
,005
$2,0
24,4
28$3
,613
,476
$4,1
11,5
98$4
,543
,641
$4,9
90,2
53$4
,990
,711
$448
4,91
6$6
,165
,575
$6,4
10,9
24
811
811
1,24
7
1,24
7
1,64
8
1,64
8
816,
982
746,
904
47,8
71
10,9
38
11,2
69
1,32
7,72
3
1,04
9,11
691
,054
161,
256
26,2
97
1,41
2,94
9
31,1
70,3
5544
,670
158,
781
29,2
47
1,74
3,11
5
1,51
6,21
059
,253
112,
071
28,5
45
1,83
5,56
4
1,57
0,38
874
,648
122,
527
32,8
79
1,78
4,21
5
1,50
4,64
280
,835
128,
613
31,9
11
1,70
1,12
7
1,46
0,05
871
,267
128,
236
36,7
81
2,10
6,28
9
1,80
5,60
082
.261
137,
523
37,5
35
2,36
1,15
2
1,94
0,76
657
,786
109,
600
17,0
00
Titl
e V
II B
iling
ual e
duca
tion
--
--
_.
-6,
192
20,8
7626
,010
29,8
54i
3,73
142
,300
73,9
00
Titl
e V
III D
ropo
ut.p
reve
n-bo
ns3,
704
6,16
09,
112
8,36
01,
054
1,07
0_
__
Con
solid
atio
nIn
nova
tion
- --
- -
- -
-i
- --
-80
,100
Con
solid
atio
nlib
rary
and
lear
ning
res
ourc
es.
.-
--
- -
--
- -
--
--
--
--
82,0
00
Sch
ool a
ssis
tanc
e in
fede
rally
affe
cted
are
as25
8,19
828
2,90
933
4,28
940
9,59
350
6,37
265
6,37
252
7,04
364
8,60
858
0,49
355
8,52
664
9,20
536
4,36
9
i
Mai
nten
ance
and
ope
ratio
n17
4,85
022
6,41
928
3,68
835
3,85
147
0,88
762
0,46
350
6,85
162
8,30
556
0,51
653
6,08
962
8,23
834
0,30
0
Con
stru
ctio
n..
..
.83
,348
56,4
9050
,601
55,7
4235
,485
35,9
0920
,192
20,3
0319
,977
22,4
3720
,967
24,0
64
Hig
her
Edu
catio
n A
ct35
,232
365,
884
531,
090
653,
307
772,
707
945,
729
901,
785
1,60
1,94
01,
963,
258
Titl
e I
Uni
vers
ity c
omm
unity
serv
ices
.. .
. .. .
..
3,92
69,
897
10;6
6910
,963
9,51
85,
791
22,8
3313
,243
1,75
0
Titl
e II.
Lib
rary
pro
gram
s '
Col
lege
libr
ary
reso
urce
s .
48,9
0634
,063
,5,5
963,
913
6,60
010
,107
13,6
658,
630
Libr
ary
trai
ning
11,3
817,
005
4,76
92,
469
4,40
92,
824
3,61
01,
585
Titl
e III
. Str
erej
then
ing
de-
velo
ping
inst
itutio
ns.
.22
,428
27,7
3135
,894
35,7
6640
,072
18,8
5869
,550
85,9
40
Titl
e IV
Stu
dent
ass
ista
nce
Equ
al o
ppor
tuni
ty g
rant
s.
.-
- -
103,
104
142,
577
160,
676
167,
600
183,
17'
2:3,
212
606,
300
787,
744
Wor
k-st
udy
prog
ram
and
, .co
oper
ativ
e ed
ucat
ion
f._
I inc
l. S
t. in
tent
: gra
nts)
..
30,6
3411
1,81
217
2,07
519
1,66
525
1,99
736
0,84
31
82,0
9072
77,4
0073
16,6
54
See
foot
note
s at
end
of t
able
1
Tab
le 1
46. -
- O
ffice
of E
duca
tion
expe
nditu
res,
by
legi
slat
ive
prog
ram
: Fis
cal y
ears
196
0 jo
197
6-co
ntin
ued
(In
thou
sand
s of
dol
lars
]
Legi
slat
ive
prog
ram
1960
7962
'19
6419
6619
6819
70 .
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
'19
76'
1;
23
45
67
-7
89.
1011
1213
Hig
her
Edc
atio
n A
ct-C
ontin
ued
Insu
red
loan
s-
.S
tude
nt lo
ans
insu
ranc
efu
nd'
Titl
e V
Tea
cher
Cor
psT
itle
VI U
nder
grad
uate
in-
stru
ctio
nal a
ssis
tanc
eT
elei
tsio
n an
d ot
her
equi
p:m
ent
..
.
Spe
cial
pro
gram
s fo
r ill
sad
vant
aged
-Tal
ent S
earc
h,S
peci
al S
ervi
ces,
Upw
ard
Bou
nd (
Inc
Vet
's C
ost o
fE
d) .
Oth
er h
ighe
r ed
ucat
ion
ac-
tiviti
es'
Hig
her
Edu
catio
n F
acili
ties
Act
Titl
e I
Pub
lic c
omm
unity
Col
-le
ges
and
tech
nica
l ins
ti-tu
tes
and
othe
r un
derg
rad-
uate
faci
litie
sS
tate
adm
inis
trat
ion
and
plan
ning
Mai
or d
isas
ter
area
s.
Titl
e II
Gra
duat
e fa
cilit
ies
Titl
e III
Col
lege
con
stru
c-tio
n lo
ans
..
Con
stru
ctio
n lo
ans
in-
tere
st s
ubsi
diza
tion
.
Voc
atio
nal o
duca
tionl
°.
Voc
atio
nal E
duca
tion
Act
of
1963
...
Geo
rge-
Bar
den
and
supp
le-
men
tal a
cts
..
.
.. --
-
--
-
--
-
- -
-
--
-
--
-
--
45,1
79
45,1
79
- --
- -
-
... .
.
- --
--
-
.-
- -
51,7
62
51,7
62
.
--
-
- --
--
-
54,5
03
54,5
03
362
.
. 10
300
105,
526
48,7
39
1,67
5-
- -
4,22
0
50,8
92
128,
468
118,
395
2
28,9
47
16,0
19
5,41
5
2,49
7
5,47
8
461,
965
317,
063
5,06
614
7
37,9
70
104,
719
255,
224
250,
197
'° ''
.
,
98,3
30
2,32
318
,191
4,96
8
7,43
7
5,72
1
437,
387 .
317,
227
5,96
1-
---
-
114,
199
- -
-
285,
568'
271,
282
150,
396
11,0
3528
,761
2,25
8
44,2
15
.7,0
7
340,
033
277,
690
5,54
0-
-
56,8
02
1
370,
954
328,
087
'
201,
321
26,5
8923
,887
5,68
4
43,9
63 - -
-
212,
628
180,
700
7,22
120
0-
- -
24,4
68
,39
430,
722
.
370,
619
-
,206
,498
'
43,2
79,
32,0
92
,
1 11
4341
:45
,302
5,80
5, 11
68;2
84I'
1
1510
88
1
45 - -
-
8.01
8
'9,1
33
518,
138
,
-
446,
975
294,
346
83,8
2333
,073
,783
a 77
,551
3,28
5
77,9
00
52,8
05 - -
13,0
14
12,0
81
482,
738
399,
209
331,
875
.14
9,11
333
,984
11,7
84
988,
124
3,29
2
68,7
68
37,5
00 - -
20,0
00
11,2
68
517,
986
434,
411
'
427,
196
182,
943
36,3
83
9,00
0
097,
189
8,24
4
71,1
05
i38,
500 -
-
23,0
00
9,60
5
471,
546
424,
500
myt
h- H
ughe
s A
ct .
MS
Wor
k-st
udy
prog
ram
and
coo
p-er
ativ
e ed
ucat
ion
10,0
725,
027
5,32
216
011
24,2
5625
,535
28,7
1628
,231
16,5
26
Inno
vativ
e pr
ogra
ms
in v
oca-
tiona
l edu
catio
n an
d
a
rese
arch
1,59
38,
801
13,7
7716
,376
,20
,502
17,8
509,
970
Nat
iona
l adv
isor
y co
unci
ls94
271
321
370
337
228
Sta
te a
dvis
ory
coun
cils
2,21
82,
474
2,65
82,
685
3,65
64,
316
Con
sum
er a
nd h
omem
akin
ged
ucat
ion
5,05
915
,310
19,0
9126
,197
30,3
1832
,950
20,5
50
Edu
catio
n pr
ofes
sion
s de
velo
p-ti7
men
t "
Ele
men
tary
and
sec
onda
ry e
d
8,68
3113
,893
'13
,969
'42
,147
60,2
7110
4,67
193
,541
93,1
1790
,303
,93
,484
74,7
7228
,307
ucat
ion
trai
ning
pro
gram
s'8,
6831
13,8
931
13,9
6942
,147
58,3
8794
,424
85,6
0383
,193
79,8
4876
,242
69,6
8225
,818
Hig
her
and
adul
t edu
catio
ntr
aini
ng p
rogr
ams
--
-'1
,884
10,2
477,
938
9,92
410
,455
17,2
425,
090
2,48
9
Pub
lic L
ibra
ry S
ervi
ces
and
Con
stru
ctio
n A
ct6,
056
6,93
27,
443
40,9
15(6
2,01
752
,g87
52,2
7054
,086
.45
,782
44,4
4155
,706
52,6
06
Pub
lic li
brar
y se
rvic
es6,
056
6,93
217,
443
25,0
0034
,306
33,4
8937
,637
44,2
8437
,168
36,2
3041
,077
31,4
61
-C
onst
ruct
ion
.
Inte
rlibr
ary
coop
erat
ioh
.
--a
--
-115
,915
26,6
15-1
,096
17,5
271,
671
12,7
881,
845
7,18
42,
618
5,91
826
96--
4,1
27'3
4,08
4.8,
770
-7,
400
"Tr7
-13-
745
Edu
catio
nal i
mpr
ovem
ent f
orth
e ha
ndic
appe
d38
01,
191
4982
,15
,366
40,9
5579
,065
85,1
4693
,138
105,
356
1'22
,561
142,
388
186,
850
Edu
catio
n fo
r th
e ha
ndl-
capp
ed7,
867
31,0
7329
,280
1)32
,657
39,5
7243
,016
54,9
6310
3,88
5
Tea
chie
r ed
ucat
ion
and
re-
crui
tmen
t30
894
32,
466
10,4
4824
,162
31,2
1927
,366
25,2
0528
,187
'32
x614
39,1
8233
,124
Res
earc
h an
d in
nova
tion
(in-
clud
es d
eaf-
blin
d an
d
.t,re
sour
ce c
ente
rs)
Cap
tione
d fil
ms
and
1,01
63,
227
8,27
712
,515
20,6
6716
,883
21,5
84,
22,6
4825
,638
26,3
53
med
ia s
ervi
ces
.72
248
1,50
01,
691,
649
4,25
85,
079
11,7
069,
281
13,2
1812
,200
12,2
93
Ear
ly c
hild
hoitd
edu
catio
n-
--
2,75
46,
687
6,73
211
,065
10,4
0511
,195
Nat
iona
l Def
ense
Edu
catio
n A
ct11
7,96
515
8,80
121
6,33
832
0,17
237
0,03
433
2,89
833
0,78
339
2,23
336
2,73
535
1,27
831
7,53
335
9,85
5
Titl
e II
Stu
dent
loan
s an
dca
ncel
latio
ns40
,326
74,5
32'1
11,7
2917
7,39
418
2,82
519
4,52
023
1,70
628
7,16
328
7,07
528
1,33
925
4,63
331
2,96
0
Titl
e Ill
Inst
ruct
iona
l ass
ista
nce
Gra
nts
and
loat
isl
49,8
4839
,510
56,1
3176
,175
85,9
1658
,547
44,6
4742
.629
36,6
0231
,716
41,6
0028
,475
See
foot
note
s at
end
of t
able
.
Tab
le 1
46.-
-Offi
ce o
f Edu
catio
n ex
pend
iture
s, b
y le
gisl
ativ
e pr
ogra
m: F
isC
41 y
ear
1960
to 1
976-
Con
tinue
d
tIn th
ousa
nds
of d
olla
rs!
,Leg
dat
ive
prog
ram
1960
1962
1964
1966
1968
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
'19
76'
12
34
56
78
t9
1011
1213
Nat
iona
l Def
ense
Edu
catio
n A
ctC
ontin
ued
Titl
e IV
Col
lege
teac
her
fello
wsh
ips
4 62
017
,313
19,6
8031
,974
60,6
5063
,518
-..
,40,
884
53,7
82'22
6,31
626
,828
8,20
04,
800
Titl
e V
Gui
danc
e co
unse
l-m
g an
d te
stin
g12
,870
14,0
64_ 13
,710
22,0
17
-
23,0
93-
--
., -
--
--
Titl
e V
I Lan
guag
e de
velo
pmen
t 'La
ngua
ge a
nd a
rea
cent
ers,
fello
wsh
ips,
and
res
earc
h10
,301
13,3
8215
,088
12,6
1217
,550
.. 16,3
1313
,546
8,65
912
,742
11,3
9513
,100
13,6
20
Res
earc
h an
d de
velo
pmen
t6,
004
7,46
112
,712
31,2
4579
,955
87,8
2311
4,90
5' '
102,
235
' '10
4,00
3' 6
152.
279
' '11
1,33
1' '
133,
288
Adu
lt ba
sic
educ
atio
n' 7
--
--
-/
33,6
1628
,701
43,4
6457
,018
55,9
7155
,061
63,2
7064
,774
66,2
90La
nd-g
rant
col
lege
s .
5,05
210
,744
14,5
0014
,500
14,5
0021
,961
12,6
80\1
2,60
018
,700
12,2
0012
,200
- -
Dru
g ab
use
.-
---
--
- --
- -
- --
--
---
-6,
916
11,9
36--
--
- -
Spe
cial
fore
ign
curr
ency
pro
gram
-tr
aini
ng, r
esea
rch
and
stud
y (g
rant
sto
Am
eric
an in
stitu
tions
ove
rsea
s)13
850
085
70
774
1,74
p2,
279
1,86
21,
908
3,67
61,
776
Edu
catio
n T
V a
nd b
road
cast
ing
faci
litie
s'' 2
'.
-4,
163
5,58
012
,182
10,0
685,
859
'7,
943
10,5
58F
ollo
w T
hrou
gh-
--
--
-2,
024
36,9
9517
,526
39,3
5036
,400
Indi
an e
duca
tion
.-
--
--
--
--
- -
--
- -
- -
-15
,694
38,8
0539
,000
Em
erge
ncy
scho
ol a
id''
95,
291
7,43
710
,608
70,3
7192
,214
50,6
77\20
4,57
724
5,26
516
5,28
0O
ffice
of E
duca
tion
sala
ries
and
ex-
pens
es, i
nclu
ding
tech
nica
l ser
v-ic
es, p
lann
ing
and
eval
uatio
n, a
ndm
isce
llane
ous
item
s no
t oth
erw
ise
incl
uded
'..
..
.11
,608
12,6
6414
,251
25,9
0140
,906
47,7
1468
,170
73,6
4510
1.60
577
,411
107,
644
99,2
84M
isce
llane
ous
expi
red
acco
unts
....
.-
--
--
--
--
--
- -
-17
,745
-11
,049
Con
solid
ated
Wor
king
Fun
d-ne
tad
vanc
es a
nd r
eim
burs
emen
t+
29-2
02-1
,768
-1,0
26-9
,325
+2,
404
-769
-207
-1,6
89-3
48
Exp
endi
ture
s fr
om fu
nds
tran
s(e
rred
to th
e O
ffice
of E
du-
catio
n by
oth
er F
eder
alag
enci
es 2
°
Man
pow
er D
evel
opm
ent
-..
-
and
Tra
inin
g A
ct2'
.64
,777
75,5
3299
,451
121,
451
141,
529
126,
500
128,
711
127,
925
71.8
57
Edu
catio
nal t
elev
isio
n fa
cilit
ies
1,96
24,
663
6,73
7
Mut
ual e
xcha
nge
activ
ities
(for
eign
cur
cenc
y12
21,
592
1,43
493
094
4
App
alac
hian
Reg
iona
l Dev
elop
-m
ent a
nd T
rain
ing
Act
' 321
,753
27,1
2837
,906
Cub
an R
efug
ee P
rogr
am5,
195
9,60
39,
302
16,9
9019
,488
19,8
51
Offi
ce o
f Eco
nom
ic O
ppor
tuni
ttu
ruty
"54
,681
686
38,2
3447
,280
Con
solid
ated
Wor
king
Fun
dgr
oss
outla
y.
..
..
6210
,515
11,3
956,
165
56,0
003,
068
2,25
0
I Est
imat
ed.
'Incl
udes
Sta
te a
dmin
istr
atio
n, c
ontin
u ng
edu
catio
n
'Titl
eV
Ifo
r ed
ucat
ion
ofth
e ha
ndic
appe
dis
not
proj
ect a
nd fe
llow
ship
s fo
r i-u
blic
ser
vice
, leg
al p
ro-
incl
uded
her
e bu
t is
incl
uded
und
er "
Edu
catio
nal i
m-f
essi
on, a
nd o
ther
pur
pose
s,an
d am
ount
s fo
r ac
qui-
prov
emen
tfo
rth
eha
ndic
appe
d "
"Nut
ritio
nan
dsi
tion
and
cata
logi
ng b
y th
e Li
brar
y of
Con
gres
s.
heal
th"
incl
uded
in "
rese
arch
and
dev
elop
men
t "A
mou
nts
for
rese
arch
are
incl
uded
und
er "
rese
arch
,
'Incl
udes
som
e el
emen
tary
-sec
onda
ry s
choo
l exp
endi
-tu
res
from
exp
ired
acco
unts
.'In
clud
estit
leX
,N
atio
nal
Def
ense
Edu
catio
n A
ct(N
DE
A)
'Som
e bi
lingu
aled
ucat
ion
fund
s al
soin
scho
ol a
id,"
'Am
ount
s fo
r co
llege
libr
ary
impr
ovem
ent
unde
r "r
esea
rch
and
deve
lopm
ent."
'Incl
udes
Sta
te in
cept
ive
gran
ts.
''In
clud
esve
tera
ns'
cost
ofin
stru
ctio
nin
stitu
tions
of h
ighe
r ed
ucat
ion.
"em
erge
ncy
are
incl
uded
paym
ents
to
and
deve
lopm
ent."
'In
clud
es fu
nds
for
teac
her
trai
ning
inst
itute
s(a
fter
1969
) pr
ovid
ed u
nder
the
Nat
iona
l Fou
ndat
ion
on th
eA
rts
and
the
Hum
aniti
es A
ct a
nd N
DE
A'In
clud
es li
brar
y de
mon
stra
tions
.''I
nclu
des
assi
stan
ce u
nder
the
Nat
iona
l Fou
ndat
ion
onth
e A
rts
and
the
Hum
aniti
es A
ct.
'Incl
udes
Elle
nder
fello
wsh
ips.
Incl
udes
Ful
lbrig
ht-H
ays
Act
.In
clud
es tr
ansf
ers
to th
e N
atio
nal I
nstit
ute
of E
duca
-tio
n. P
rogr
am d
etai
l not
ava
ilabl
e.
-I
873
829
646
827
I
36,6
4045
,09
42,9
7243
,377
18,1
1014
,060
11,6
3013
,885
78,0
9612
,032
2,27
258
9
3,37
72,
070
2,38
12,
718
'"Inc
lude
s am
ount
s fo
r ad
ult v
ocat
iona
l edu
catio
n.A
mou
nts
for
this
act
ivity
sup
port
ed w
ith tr
ansf
erre
dfu
nds
prio
r to
!969
.''I
nclu
des
Civ
il R
ight
s."
Am
ount
s lis
tect
bel
ow a
re n
ot in
clud
ed in
the
Offi
ce o
fE
duca
tion
expe
nditu
re to
tals
."
Incl
udes
am
ount
s fo
r A
rea
Red
evel
opm
ent A
ct.
2 2
Incl
udes
Edu
catio
nal E
xcha
nge.
"Fun
ds tr
ansf
erre
d pr
ior
to 1
967
are
incl
uded
in th
eC
onso
lidat
ed W
orki
ng F
und.
Sin
ce 1
972,
als
o in
clud
esD
evel
opm
ent F
acili
ties,
Eco
nom
ic D
evel
opm
ent A
ssis
t-an
ce, D
epar
tmen
t of C
omm
erce
; Reg
iona
l Dev
elop
-m
ent P
rogr
ams,
Reg
iona
l Act
ion,
Pla
nnin
g C
omm
is-
sion
; and
Mili
tary
Con
stru
ctio
n, A
rmy.
"Som
e 0E
0 tr
ansf
ers
also
incl
uded
in th
e C
onso
lidat
edW
orki
ng F
und.
SO
UR
CE
: Com
pile
d by
the
Nat
iona
l Cen
ter
for
Edu
catio
n S
tatis
tics
and
the
Offi
ce o
fA
dmin
istr
atio
n, O
ffice
of E
duca
tion,
U.S
. Dep
artm
ent O
f Hea
lth, E
duca
tion,
and
Wel
fare
.
Table 147.-- Federal obl tions to universities and colleges, by agency and by State: Fiscal year 19731
[In th6usands of dollars)
,StateOr
other area
Department or agency
Total
Depart-ment of
Agri-culture
AtomicEnergy
Commis-sion
Deoartmentof
Defense
EnviromentsProtec-
tionAgency
Depart-ment ofHealth,
Education,
Welfare
Depart-mentof theInterior
NationalAero-
nauticsand SpaceAdminis-tration
NationtlScienceFounda-
tion
Other'
Total $4,834,082 9256,796 $691,860 $393,301 $27,611 $2,562,519 $23,607 $315,215 $464,930 $97,11143
Alabama 67,628 9,021 73 1,083 421 53,031 192 1,365 1,518 924Alaska 12,938 1,016 159 2,956 212 2,806 343 1,258 3,764 424Arizona 43,855 2,387 778 1,518 423 21,589 420 1,750 14,530 980Arkansas . 21,099 6,323 73 30 . 65 13,881 163 91 435 38California, 979,335 8,294 360,227 37,406 2,701 257,085 1,356 219,913 80,091 12,262
Colorado 83,722 2,992 1,136 2,882 400 36,499 1,316 5,435 30,097 2,965Connecticut 62,809 1,606 3,378 1,977 60 47,504 136 477 7,292 379Delaware . 1,595 134 6 2,942 176 225 1,105 757District of Columbia 108,933 814 200 3,143 353 94,979 19 1,965 2,245 5,215Florida 83,952 5,556 1,815 4,937 1,080 53,945 461 1,027 11,833 3,298
Georgia 65,208 8,657 918 3,478 561 44,118 400 803 3;704 2,569Hawaii 24,251 1,438 595 1,563 148 13,162 216 1,511 4,052 1,566Idaho 7,545 2,309 28 116 4,180 353 41 471 48Meals 332,545 7,548 170,485 6,236 713 110,417 378 6,242 28,188 2,338I n Jiana 68,857 6,272 2,501 2,168 ,516 40,380 231 3,384 11,843 1,562
Iowa 55,607 6,234 7,200 432 341 33,773 511 3,397 3,077 642Kansas 37,7091 4,025 488 270 205 29,014 187 1,308 2,100 112Kentucky 35,512 9,050 16 428 166 24,056 338 124 726 608Louisiana 59,384 6,31' 295 1,148 386 47,110 298 445 2,347 1,038Maine 11,077 2,113 57 139 7,946 e 121 - 650 11
Maryland 132,849 3,7)7 3,047 84,149 421 73,510 182 3,937 9,419 4,407Massachusetts 349,757 2,896 14,542 142,609 1,701 121,243 773 19,985 41,355 5,253Michigan 122,720 7,041 4,362 6,124 1,163 80,927 266 2,313 13,502 7,022Minnesota 69,106 6,028 1,504 1,196 684 52,193 408 2,385 4,316 392Missiskippi 32,9420 8,387 27. 227 499 21,428 159 295 1,333 598
Missouri 84,912 7340 322 2,539 556 65,840 732 823 5,594 766Montana' 9,807 2,425 70 96 155 5,784 473 104 663 37Nebraska 27,354 3,661 50 115 88 21,970 217 186 694 373 'Nevada 6,552 1,119 500 229 95 ;.,469 906 145 1,089 - - -
New Hampshire 14,623 1,413 117 T23 17 9,742 159 747 1,369 936
New Jersey 71,645 2,906 13,173 3,308 350 38,171 241 2,688 9,289 1,519New Mexico 30,500 118 6,562 74 16,825 335 2,319 1,612 571 n
New York 430,559 8,388 73,113 21,573 1,983 261,492 936 7,809 49,180 6,085North Carolina 110,685 11,776 1,492 1,651 1,426 82,639 364 315 7,819 3,203North Dakota 10,852 2,727 63 1, 19 6,892 178 23 315 635
Ohio 125,082, 8,1,86 1,554 9,245 1,266 89,898 401 1,098 10,839 2,601Oklahoma 33,839 5,625 63 1,637 404 21,398 488. 1,014 2,527 683Oregon 48,782 3,244 570 t,714 598 32,156 231' 764 6,495 3;010Pennsylvania 192,100 8,655 4,089 13,510 1,428 138,965 1,754 2,003 19,610 2,086Rhode Island 21,399 1,149 556 1,572 200Ip 10,847 137 230 5,188 1,520 tiSouth Carolina 31,721 6,674 73 401 469 21,632 173 148 1,278 873South Dakota 12,481 2,589 39 56 145 7,525 1,186 335 513 93Tennessee 78,916 8,419 7,518 935 254 56,174 600 781 3,934 301Texas 190,353 13,913 2,536 9,657 1,546 135,850 452 7,195 13,243 5,961Utah 39,742 1,971 1,659 3,443 598 24,618 1,410 730 4,128 1,185
ermont 12,165 1,510 18 11 3 9,424 100 48 138 913Virginia 58,331 7,631 1,302 1,231 156 40,409 218 2,801 4,323 266Wasnington 88,874 3,737 2,745 4,523 924 60,493 361 673 13,409 1,999West Virginia 22,969 3,864 46 387 12,450 1,159 94 10,801 168Wisconsin 111,651 6,307 3,195 2,422 1,198 79,375 319 2,841 9,546 6,448Wyoming 6,308 1,506 127 382 50 2,216 774 225 1,012 16
American Samoa 63 - - - - 63Guam 347 15 , 332Puerto Rico 28,621 5,787 3,519 18,698 100 303 150Virgin Islands 583 ao : 477 26 -
Dollars reflect actual obligations of t'4 Federal agencies duringthe fiscal year, regardless of when funds were spent by arecipient institution, including federally funded research anddevelopment centers administered by universities and collegesExcludes repayable loans to students and institutions as well asamounts for Federal employee training
'Includes Department of Commerce, Department of Housing
and Urban Development, Department of Labor, Department ofTransportation, Agency for International Development, andOffice of Economic Opportunity. -
SOURCE National Science Foundation, NSF 75-304, FederalSupport to Universities, Colleges, and Selected Nonprofit Insti-tutions, FiscatYear 1973
I 64
175
10:Table 149.-- Federal funds obligated by the Office of Education, by program area and State: Fiscal year 1974
(In thousands of dollars]
Stateor
other ariaTotal
Elementary-. secondaryeducation
'i
Highered,ication'
Occupational,vocational,and adulteducation'
Educationfor the
handicapped'
Education'personnel
development'
Library,,,,,resources Other'
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Total .. . .. $5,361.707 $3,021,011 $1,419.419 $601,736 $144,919 $92,394 $51,130 S311,209
Alabama" 118,423 66,910 31,404 12.657 4,190 1,568 865 829Alaska . 51,394 45,178 2,384 1,487 437 777 336 795
Ar zonal 70,610 45,607 14,206 6,956 1,170 1,515 659 497Arkansas .. . . 60,625 36,626 14,460 6,763 782 814 557 623California 514,221 302,849 133,127 49,064 12,244 9,937 3,837 3,163
Colorado 74,706 40,315 18,299 '8,089 4,277 2.073 797 856Connecticut 56,678 29,978 15,207 6,957 2,081 1,485 740 230Delaware . 16,185 9,355 3,880 1,981 337 151 331 150District of Columbia 44,884 23,122 10,684 5,029 3,961 1,094 451 543Florida . 147,760 84,111 35,397 18,754 2,987 2,769 1,545 2,197
Georgia . 142,042 79,602 40,912 15,483 u 2,641 1,455 1,007 942Hawaii . 7 712 18,679 6,632 2,599 582 263 389 68Idaho ,, 10 10,394 4,748 2,860 499 996 360 253Illinois 225,004 125,726 ' 62,395 25,432 5,565 1,601 2,371 1,914Indiana 87,953 39,723 26,391 14,775 4,052 1,196 1,132 684
lows 58,115 24,037 21,448 8,372 2,191 931 705 431
Kansas 57,798 28,162 17,334 6,757 2,833 1,893 614 205Kentucky 93,893 52,965 23,101 11,437 3,238 1,899 941 312Louisiana 105,616 59,091 28,407 13,345 1,424 1,615 861 873Mains . 30,081 12,970 11,060 3,567 598 1,228 405 253
Maryland 106,702 67,585 23,556 ,. 10,838 2,091 1,214 913 505Massachusetts 128,599 57,843 46,245 14,795 5,361 c' 1,934 1,258 1,163Michigan . . 190,848 103,581 51,526 23,246 6,713 2,529 1,855 1,398Minnesota 86,494 40,003 29,693 10,961 2,654 1,424 1,140 619Mississippi 94,423 54.774 27,295 8,405 1,351 1,682 723 193
Missouri 96,668 47,936 29,040 13,449 2,286 1,559 1,052 1,346Montana 28,395 16,875 6,285 2,849 473 906 356 651
Nebraska . 37,737 20,690 ' . 10,438 4,570 978 463 485 113Nevada . 13,079 7,653 2,400 1,650 437 549 323 67New Hampshire 17,837 7,588 6,255 2,975 453 68 364 134
New Jersey 155,349 99,016 32,260 16,769 2,906 2,406 1,521 471
New Mexico 59,580 . 40.377 10,486 4,314 1,511 1,745 500 647New York ' 499,485 326,094 105,610 39,533 14,228 7,838 3,724 2,458North Carolina .. 176,464 97,324 52,982 18,118 , 4,354 1,513 1,232 941
North Dakota 26,900 13,842 8,525 2,626 596 910 342 59
Ohio 182,271 87,563 52,870 29,461 5,002 4,122 2,029 1,224
Oklahorna . 79,984 45,635 21,980 8,431 1,163 1,849 699 227Oregon . 51,325 . 22,431 17,910 6,813 2,212 803 629 527Pennsylvania 220,538 114,663 62,619 31,232 5,640 3,042 2,380 962Rhoda Island 25,183 13;210 6,486 3,228 484 493 396 886
South Carolina 97,067 57,27 26,311 9,945 1,073 1,007 809 665South Dakota 29,662 16,974 7,4Q1 2,769 721 1,323 350 124
Tennessee 104,167 54,022 30,318 13,415 2,402 1,909 , 1,048 1,053YeAas 3?2,246 186,665 81,423 35,693 7,887 6,129 2,586 1,873
Utati: 45,004 17,939 9,367 4,548 1.547 844 418 341
Vermont 14,405 5,412 5,411 1,896 660 548 336 142
Virginia 145,783 93,002 30,816 14,798 3,465 1,930 1,009 763VVeshington 90,227 48002 24,773 10,175 3,393 1,970 985 929West 'yirginia 44,438 20,931 15,185 6,113 874 609 528 198
Wisconsin 88,340 36,026 32,160 '13,019 ,3,509 1,771 1,001 854Wyorhing 13,844 7,837 2,863 1,636' 527 594 311 76
American Samoa 1,504 1.045 54 182 120 39 54 10
Guam i 7,024 5,274 769 389 172 396 64 10
Puerto;Flico 85,380 46,500 25,897 9,852 1,116 865 682 468Virgin Ipands 3,502 2,011 680 , 263 165 35 60 288Trust Territory 2,943 2,091 54 416 205 106 65 6
' Includes titles I, 11, Ill, V, VII and VIII of he'Elementaryand Secondary Education Pict, school assistance in federallyeffected areas, ernergency school assistance, payments to localeducation agencies for Indian education, title III of theNational \Defense Education Act, an Follow Through
3 Includes tHigher Education Act, Hi er Education FacilitiesAct, title VI of the National Defense ducation Act, FulbrightHays Training Grants, postsecondar commission and Stateadministration, veterans cost of education, ethnic heritagestudies, disadvantaged and Ellender fellowships, and aid toland-grant collegesIncludes oxupational, vocational, and adult education activities and Indian adult education Excludes educational personneldevelopment
'Includes amounts for Education of the Handicapped Act.programs Amounts proviled for handicapped children under
the Elementary and Secondary Education Act title I areIncluded in "Elementary-Secondary Education "
'Includes Teacher Corps education leadership tram ig, urban/rural education personnel training, career opportunities, excep-tion,' Children, vocational education, new careers in educa-Pen, and categorical programs
'Includes grants for public libraries, interlibrary cooperation,librarian training, and library demonstrations
'Includes Right to Read, educational broadcasting facilities,drug abuse education, and environmental education
SOURCE Compiled by the National Center for EducationStatistics, U 5 Department of Health, Education, and Welfare,from Office of Education, Budget Division tabulations
]65
176
Table 149.--Office of Education funds obligated for instructional materials and equipment,by program: Fiscal year 1974
1ln thousands of dollars)
Programv
-
Total
Instructional materialsInstructionalequipment
Printed and pub-shed materialsfished
ud io-
visualmaterials
Audio-visual
Other
Books Other
1 2' 3 4 5 6 7
Total 5305,994 589,968 $61,566 X562,616 $31,050 $40,752
Elementary and secondary education activities .
Assistance for educationally deprived children(Elementary and Secondary Education Act,title I) 69,000 5,500 28,000 15,500
,
3,000 17,000School library minerals (Elementary and
Secondary Education Act, title II) 76,400 38,475 - - - 37,925 - -
Supplementary educational centers and services- (Elementary and Secondary Education Act,
title III) , 31,268 9,006 13,509.,
. 4,830 2,500 I 23
Instructional assistance (National DefenseEducation Act, title 1110 26,250 51 1,258 5,423 19,308 , 210
Educational broadcasting facilities . 15,675 - - - - . - - 15.675Civil rights advisory services 976 217 434 217 108 -
Environmental education 1,250 - - - 1,000 250 /* - - -
Occupational, vocational, and adult education . . . . 7,975 -4,062 1,958 732 476 747
Improvement of undergraduate instruction(Higher Education Act) 11,875 1,000 1,000 1,210 3,910 4,755
Library and community services IPublic library services ........ . .. . . . . 12,609 7,955 982 2,302 428 942Library resources (Higher Education Act,
title II) .. 9,975 6,428 551 2,996 - - - - -0
Education for the handicapped'Captioned films for the deaf and mediaservices .... . 818 18 - - - 800 - -- - - -
...5
Emergency school assistance 41,923 17,276 12,896 10,431 1,320 - -
SOURCE Special tabulation by the Budget Division, Office ofPlanning, Budgeting, and Evaluation, Office of Education,U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.
r.
17'7itk
e
CHAPTER VISELECTED STATISTICS RELATED TO EDUCATIONIN THE UNITED STATES
This chapter consists of a collection of miscel-laneous tables of general interest which do not titreadily into one of the other chapOrs, They arearranged in six major categories. (I) employmentstatus and Job opportunities of persons completingeducational programs and of school dropouts, 12)international education, (3) library and public tele-vision, (4) research and development, (5) equal
educational opportunity, and (6) National ,Assess-ment of Educational Progress. .
Included in the first group of tables are datafrom the Bureau of Labor Statistics on the employ=meat of recent high school and college graduatesand dropouts. Other tables provide informationfrom the College Placement Council on salaries
offered candidates for bachelor's, master's, and
doctor's degrees.The section on international eduCation contains
Institute of International Educati6n data on
\ American college students and faculty abroad andon foreign students enrolled in 'American institu-tions A related table, showing the number offoreign students attending college in each State infall 1972, appears in chapter III of this report. Twoother tables provide statistics from the UnitedNations I:ducational, Scientific, and Cultural Organ-ization (UNESCO) (Al population and school enroll-ment for the world, the continents, and selectedcountries. The figures in these, latter 'tables showgeneral magnitudes only, but they are suitable formaking rough comparisons among counties. Theenrollment estimates were prepaNd in .a variety ofways and for different years, and the enrollment
. .
..
,..
- ,
groupings, by level are not strictly comparable fromone cowry to another.
The third group of tables contains data fromthe National Center for Education Statistics onpublic libraries, college, and university libraries,Federal libraries, and public television stations. Alsoincluded are data from Publisher's Weekly and the'Library Journal on trends ;11 the prices of booksand periodicals. A table providing Bureau of -LaborStatistics estimates of the number of librarians inthe country has been included again this year.
The fourth group of tables relates to the generalarea Of research and development. Included is a tableshowing _selected characteristics of scientists and
engineers as determined by the Current PoPulationSurvey of the Bureap of the Ceqsus. Other tables,utilizing data obtained from the National ScienceFoundatuin, show the amounts and sources of fundsused for research and development. Additional infor,matron on Federal funds for research and develop-ment may be found in charter V.
The next ,group of tables presents statistics Irtimthe Commissioner's report on Equahtt. of Educaurinal Opportfinity, released by the Office of Edu-cation in 1966, and from recent data distributed bqthe Office of the Secretary of Health, Education,and Welfa're.
The final group of tables Was derived from theNational Assessment of Educatiot Progress Sum-
mary data are presented on the performance ofpersons in various age groups ui the areas ofscience, writing, citizenship, reAing, literature,music, social studies, and mathematics
178167.
1
rible 150.College enrollment and labor force status of 1974 high school graduates, by sox, race,and marital status of women: United States, October 1974
[Numbers in thousands'
It sm
Covitian nun-nstitutionalpopulation
Civitian labor forceNot inlaborforce
°Number.
4
As oercs. nt
ofPopulation
5
Employed
6
Unemployed
Number
2
Percent
3
Number1
7
As percent ofcivilian labor force
8
Both times
f
Tout . . ,
....;
3,101 100.0 1.921 61.9 1.614 --s
307 16.0 fi 1,190
WM* __ _ 2.738 88.2 1,741 63.6 1,501 -240 -- -13.8 /,:_ 995Black end other races 367 11.8 183 492 116 67 36,6 i ' 184
EntOned as college 1,474 475 567 38 5 490 77 13.6 907
Fulisusat 1,355 43 7 484 35 7 418 66 13.6 871
Part trne 119 38 83 69 7 72 11 13.3 36
Not totCAltc1 r ;.-u'olgts 1,627 52 b 1/354 832 1,124 230 17 0 273
PA n
Toisl - 1.491' 100.0 976 65.5 637 133 14.2 316
- .Entaii*ct ,r, -cr...,,
tom: v ..,.;--.:,--d-,- _
736
f5549 450 6
798678
40 5-838 '
263574
35TM-
t 1.7
15 3-438
Women
Toot 1.110 100.0 946 511.7 777 186 17.6 666
Enrolled ri ;r. lel* 738 45 8 768 36.4 227 42 15 6 469`= 1 *--,t0'..ttd ''' ch. 'egn 872 1.44 2 676 77 5 550 126 18 6 196
5nipt b98 I 434 573 82 1 475 98 17 125
1.14# -,e-c1 ..c.- ..1 .t 4. /st f.a` 1 t a ' 17,4 I it 0 8 103 592 i 75 28 27 2 71
/^44 4,4,91 Ov,Clyeetri, 0,W 4t4.44.1 Y'd 1,)34iod SOURCE U ti Department of Labor f.toreau of Labor Staiett,cs Stioc,a1 Labor wee Pew' ErViOvrfunit of School Age
34r4TF t",,. 1": c tjv easi016 cum. Octobit, 1970to 24 ''.V1 IS- "04,4 4e1.,i "r4V <C't, 411.
b
1 7
Table 151 .-Employment status of 1974 high school graduates not enrolled in college and of 19731.74,..,
school dropouts, by sax, race, and meritsl status of women: United States, October 1974. (Numbers in thousands]
Item
Civilian non-institutionalpopulation
Civilian labor force Not in labor force
Number Percent NumberAs oercem
ofpopulation
EmployedUnemployed
TotalIn speciallchools
NumberAs percent of
civilian labor force
2 -3 4 5 7 8 10
1974 htgh school graduatesnot enrolled In collo.
Total 1,627 100.0 11,364 113.2 1,144 230 17.0 273 42
Men 755 46 4 678 89.8 574 104 15.3 77 24
WomenSingle ,
872698
53 642 9
676573
77 582 1
550475
126se
18617.1
-- _196
12536
_e)Ma /rued and other
iirital status' 174 10.7 103 59.2 75 28 27.2 71 e)
White 1,448 89 0 1,223 84 5 1,044 179 146 ne 55
Black and other races 180 11 1 132 73 3 81 51 381 48 6
1971-74 school dr opodts'
Total' 100.0 540 67.1 387 153 28.3 265 45
Men 441 54 8 363 82 3 274 89 24 5 78 23
Women 364 45 2 177 48 6 113 64 36 2 187 22
Single 241 30 0 126 52 3 81 45 35 7 115 22
Married and othermarital status' 123 51 e.1 E 32 19 (S) 72
Whitt. 617 76 9 435 70 5 321 114 26 2 1112 . 34
Bial..k and/ r trier racei 185 23 1 102 55 1 63 39 38 2 12
' Oats not aua4ittrtelInclvtles widowed, divorced and sparated women'Parions who dropped out of st.hool between October 1972 andOctober 1973
' In add.i,on 125 000 poi s 14 and 15 v,..ars old dropped Gutql scilf>fl
Percent nro snote. ivnen` haw .5 iris than 75 000
NOTE -Data are for the civilian noninstitutional population 16to 24 years of age Because of rounding, details may not add tototals
SOURCE U S Deortrnent of Labor. Bureau of Labor Staistics. Special Labor Force Report, Employment of School-AgeYouth. October 1974
180
Table 1152. 44afor occupation groups of e iyed high school graduates not enrolled in college, by year of high. school graduation, and of school dropouts, by year last attended school, by sex: United States, October 1974
[Parcene distribution of parsons 16 to 24 yea s of age)
Major occupation group and sex Graduatesof -
Dropouts lastattended schooon 1973 or 1974
1973 1974 Total 1973 1974
1 2 3 4 5 6
MENTotal Number (on thousands) . . 562 574 366 227 136
Percent 100 0 106 100 0 100 0 100.0
White collar workers 185 139 41 48 29Professional, technical, and kindred wo ers 32 17 14Managers and administrators, except f rre 27 9 13Salesworkers 29 38 14 13 14Clerical workers 98 75 14 2.2
720 88 9 734 75 3 7Q.36hn-cotter workersCraft and kinored workeOPeretivef nsport
17331 4
18323 0
.15 129 0
18.929 5
721 3
Transport equipment operatives 70 45 4 60 53 72Laborers, except farm and mine 164 23 1 23 3 21 6 26 1
Serviceworkers 62 86 126 11 0 152Farm workers 32 87 9.9 88 11 6
WOMENTotal Number (in thousands) 603 165 103 63
Percent 1000 100 0 100 0 1000 )
White collar workers 65 1 57 4 27 7 28 4Professional, technical, end kindred workers 38 25 24 10Managers and administrators, excerpt farm 18 , 1 6 12SiliellIVOr Serf 66 100 102 147Clerical workers 52 9 43 3 139 127
Blue collar workers 169 159 28.9 353Craft and kindred work.irs 20 18 1.8 29Operatives except transport 122 11 6 24 1 29 4Transport equipment operatiws 3 5Laborers, except farm and mine 23 20 30 29
Serviceworkers 170 25 5 366 31 4Farm workers 10 11 48 49
Percent not shown where evegi is lets than 75 000 SOURCE U S Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Sta-
NOTE -Because of rounding details may not add to totalstistics, Special Labor Force Report Nu 180, Students, Grad-uates, and Dropouts, October 1974
Table 153 -Employed degree recipients,' by sex, type of degree, and occupation and industry group.United States, October 1972
(Percentage distribution)
Otctipation and industry groupAll persons . Bacca
Inureate'
Allother
degreesBothsexes
Men Women-
1 2 3 4 5 S
OCCUPATION GROUPTotal Number fin thousands)
.., PercentProfessional and technical workers
EngineersLife and physical scientistsHealth occupationsSocial scientistsTeachers college and univers tvTeachers, except collegeEngineer', g and science tech^ cansOther professional technics. and
kindred workersManagers and administrators except termSolesworkersClerical and kindred workers
Seciirtipies stenographers and iivp,p,Other clerical workers
ServicieworkersAn other workers
INDUSTRY GROUPPercent
'MenutectuiiigDurab'e goodsNondurable goods t
Transportation and public u iitirsTradeF r'11"Cr nsur once and ea' estdreService
Ed.:Gahm,*Modica, and hospita,giretare and ei.gotisA, ,), len/ Ens
Pfuni is /KM, ,`,ST,(11 on..,
IV_1000
63 2451 1
5 71 1
3 829 8
1 1
16 2
'---- 6;1
6086Y46 2= 16-- -T8 3
414100057 3
267 .
100 071 5
462100 055 1
1111
100 081 9
721 7301 55 4
19 31 7
17 5
--411.- --'1.,745 4 -.--
7I 4 7
4
9 54
1 1
45 6
14 4
--ii-38
13 75 38 4
419
5 846
30 61 3
11 5
----i-10377
11 Q368 1
551 51 52 5
11 128 1
5
27 1---fi-1
201 5
'-- - -45___
3-i -1-12 3
3 4 --t-1 9
4 510 7
1 02 0
100 0 1130Q Igos_5 7
0 3 02 7
..s_1 r103'46
,7fi 855510 63868
--1
199 Q 100.0
6 72. 6
11 07 04 171
12665
595_WV
6 735
Ia.?Tiff3b4 1
14 5 ---.-0.55 0IT-
14280
47927 4
4 032
13 2-I-0 -1'6 7
11
7 14 7
-...-3 r
165r72_.6
3356 41 7
10 9 ,_,,,___,,,,10i 65 2
2-13136
Lel51 0
7 27 7
3--,i- -i-
1 5
Otte ve fc pe,s,ni 16 ,ears d and over Ito Ltvo,anai Octi-mei 1972 who 'ere vie stirs Employment of Recent Colter Graduates October 1977
beccweuieate aid red degrees between .lu,v 1971, andJune 1971 end dyer.. -ri! 'suooi 'heOiirrei 171'2
SOURCE U S (3susrtment of Lebo, Bureau of Lobo, Eta
a I "1)
131
EDUCATION AND EMPLOYMEN'k AFTER HIGH SCHOOL
The access of 1972 hill school graduates topostsecondary education and jobs is the focus of arecent report sponsored by the National Center -forEducation Statistics. The report is a capsule descrip-tion highlighting some of the first follow-up survey,data of 'the National Longitudinal Study of the}figh School Clasp of 1972. This study of 23,000persons, which is still 'going on, promises to yieldnot only useful information about the developmentof students as they pass through the American edu-cational system, but also a better understanding ofthe factors associated with how much education anindividual gets and where he or she winds up in ajob.
The report shows that, in 1973-74, about 56percent of the total sample of the 1972high schoolclass were currently enrolled in postsecondary insti-tutions an additional 7 percent had already receivedsome kind of _postsecondary education; 74 percentexpected to further their education; and 15 percentexpected to receive advanced degrees eventually. Asmight be expected, the type of high school prepara-tion and the individual ability of students stood outas important factors with regard to college at-tendance. About two-thirds of those graduating fromcollege preparatory curriculums were enrolled inacademic studies in college.
Among those students in the top quarter ofacademic ability, 70 percent expected to get a collegedegree and were actually enrolled in academic pro-grams 2 years after high school. Only 17 percent of thestudents in the lowest quarter of academic ability werecurrently enrolled and expected to get a degree. while39 percent of those in the middle two quarters wereenrolled.
The importance of ability as a factor in ,..ollrege
enrollineht is tuither emphasised in an analysis of
ethnic group attendance in college. Although Whiteswere 'pore likely to be enrolled in college thanBlacks \pr those of Spanish heritage, the 'minoritygroups had higher attendance rates thah Whiteswhen the'..ability factor was controlled.
The report also shows that about 65 percent ofthe 1972 graduates were employed in full- or part-time jobs in "'the fall of 1973. Some 20 percent ofthose not holding jobs were looking for work.Moreover, the report indicates a relationship be-tween job opportunities and both school curriculumand ethnic group _
Ethnic group aitferences were noticeable inreasons given for not working. pnemployed Whitestended to say that they were either going to schoolor did not want to work. Both Blacks and thosefrom Spanish backgrounds more often mentioned ashortage of jobs, inadequate training,- or lack ofexperience as reasons for not working.
In high .school, a larger proportion of Blacks (35percent) and . Spanish-speaking (33 percent) thanWhites (28 percent) received some kind of special-ized trail tug intended to prepare them for im-mediate employment after leaving school. However,Whites were more likely to be working in, jobswhere they expected to use their training.
Other information about the National Longi-tudinal Study of the High School Class of 1972 andthe first follow-up may be obtained from Dr.Kenneth A. Tabler, Division of Statistical Infor-mation and Studies, National Center for EducationStatistics, 400 Maryland Aye., S.W., Washington,D.C. 20202. I
KENNETH A. SIMONChief, Reference, Estimates,
and Projections Branch
Figure 13.--Enrollment of 1972 high school seniors in college. by ethnic group and ability level: 1973-74
80 t- White
0 Black
60 Hispanic
40
Lowest quarter
20 --
0
Highest quarter
Second and third quartet.
Ability LoyalLoyal
171
182
1
.
Table 154.-Relationship of work of degree recteientsl-to major field of study, and reason forworking in a job not directly related to field: United States, October 1972
[Percentage distribution] ,
Relatio;ship and reason` Total
Sex of recipient Type of degree Major field of study
Men WomenBache-lof's
Allother
Businessor
commerce
Education
Human.I ties
Socialsciences
Allother
1 2 3' 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
RELATIONSHIP OFWORK TO FIELD
Total employed',Number (in thousands)Percent
4Directly related . . . .
Not directly related. . .
Somewhat related . . . . .
Not refbted ...... . . .
MAIN REASON FOR WORKNOT DIRECTLY RELATED
Percent t.
Only job Lould find . . .
Bette. opportunities for advancement than.i major field -
-o see if liked kind of workDid not want to work in field .
All other
681100.0
66.731 312.818 5
100.0
498
7 77 75 3
29 5
414100.0
66.333.713 620.1
100.0
430
8 98 96 7
32 6
267100.0
71.428 612 016.5
100.0
611
5 65 64 2
23 6
412100.0
61.238.815.323.5
100.0
48 4
7.17.76,0
3Q 8
199100.0
86.413.6
7.16 6
(' )
109100.0
61.538.523 914.7
(i )
.
.
206.190.0
81.718.36.9
11.4
(2)
.
77100.0
56.843.212.231.1
(2)
.
..
100100.0
45.454.625.828 9
100.0
44.4
7 411.17.4
29 6
189100.0
75.424.6. 6.418.2
(2)
..
...
' Data are for persons under age 35 in the civilian noninsti- 'Percent not shown where base is less than 50,000.tutional population in October 1972 who received bachelor's oradvanced degrees in 1971 or 1972 and who were'not enrolled SOURCE S Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Stam-m school full time in October 1972 tics, Employment of Recent College Graduates, October 1972.
Table 155.--Average monthly salary offers to male candidates for the bachelor's degree, by field of study:United States, 1969-70 to 1974-75
.
Field of study 1969-70 1970 71 1971-72 1972-73 1973-74 1974-75
Percent increase
1969-70to
1974.75
1973-74to
1974-75
ii 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Business and commerce ,
Accounting 5836 $846 $854
..._
$887 S925 S980 17 2 5 9Business. general I management) 121 716 726 757 - 809 847 17 5 4.7
Engineering 3 it.Aeronautical 850 860 884 920 960 1,074 26 4 11 9Chemical 902 920 928 962 1,042 1,196 32.6 148Civ0 837 850 869 908 967 1,064 27 1 10 0Electrical 869 877 888 931 986 1,080 24 3 i, 9 5Industrial 849 866 871 903 978 1,079- 27 1 103Mechanical 867 881 894 927 1,001 1,122 294 121Metallurgical 873 888 881 921 1 003 1,134 29 9 13 1
Humanities (699) 1702) f 718)3728 ' 759 - (2) (2)
Social sciences1700) ' 766 ' 803 (2) t2)
Marketing and4listribution 702 693 706 740 782 810 154 36Sciences
Agricultural 705 700 694 739 789 817 159 35Chemistry, mathematics, and physics 809 794 795 833 (1) (2) (2/ (2)
Chemistry 875 795 ' 783 843 891 962 16 6 8 0Mathematics 794 787 795 819 878 924 164 52Physics 827 826 818 876 (2) (2) (3) (2)
Data collected sepai-atels,3Datzi not awnlat !e
SOURCE College Placement Council, Inc reports on A Studyof Beginning Offers by Business and Industry (Copyright by theCollege cPlacement Council, Inc , Bethlehem, Pa All rights
NOTE Data .re basivf on information supled by more than reserved I100 particioat.ng rolleges and universities throughout thecountry
1 7 2
18 3
Table 156.-Average monthly salary offers to male-and female candidates for master's and doctor'sdegrees, by field of study: United States, 1972-73 to 1974-75
.. .-^, geld of study
Master's degree' Docto 's degree
1972.73' 1973-74 1974-75
Percentincrease
1972-73 io1974-75
1972-73 1973-74 1974.75
Percentncrease,
1972-73 to1974-75
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Business administration, industrialmanagement, or commerce
,
After nontechnical undergraduate degree $1,109 $1,181 $1,250 127 (3) (3) (') (3)After technical undergraduate degree 1,175 1,235 1,324 127 .(3) (3) (3) (3)
EngineeringChemical , 1,093 1,1)2 1,310 199 $11438 $1,550 $1,645 14.4Civil . , 1,020 1,102 1,183 160 1,298 1,426 1,382 6.5Electrical 1,066 1,149 1,228 152 1,508 1,551 1,550 28Industrial , 1,052 1,120 1,234 17 3 (3) (3) (3) (3)Mechanical / . 1,069 1,138 1,274 19.2 1,418 1,479 1,624 14 5
Sciences.
Agriculture and related sciences 915 950 1,064 163 (') (3) (3) (3)Chemistry 980 1,050 1,118, 141 1,346 1,411 1,503 11 7Computer science 1,084 1,170 1,1'69 7 8 (') (3) (3) (3)Mathematics 975 1,042 1,138 16 7 1,475 1,341 1,523 3 3Metallurgy* 1;035 1,131 1,242 200 1,447 1,452 1,557 76Physics 1,052 1,089 1,216 156 1,390 1,409 1,473 60
'Data__are_for men and women with 1 year a:lass-of full time,nonmilitary employment
' Data taken from special tabulation combituaa_menifi andwomen's offers
'Data not available'Also includes metallurgical engineering, materials engineering
and science, ainl ceramtts-
NOTE -Data irajeleentirrnrOrmation supplied by more than 100partvegteltlYlg'Eo)leges and universities throughout the country
SOURCE College Placement Council Salary Su-vey, A Study of1974-75 Beginning Offers by Business and Industry. (Copyright1975 by the College Placement Council, Inc Bethlehem, Pa Allfights reserved I .
Table 157.--United States college faculty and admin-Table 158.--United States college students abroad,istrative staff abroad, by country and by field of by country and by field of interest:
interest: 1973-74 1971-72
Country and he'd of interest
College facultyabroad Country and field
College studentsabroad
Numberof interest
Percent Number Percent
2 3 2 3
Total 6,522 100 0 Total . 34,218 100 0
Country CountryUnited Kingdom 1,039 15 9 Canada 6,517 19 0Germany, Federal Republic or 454 7 0 France 6,291 184France 403 6 2 Mexico 4.373 128Italy 257 3 9 United Kingdom 2,267 66Spain 204 3 1 Germany, Federal Republic of 2,176 64
JSrael 169 7 6 Italy 1,758 51Mexico 165 2 5 Spain 1,738 51Brazil 156 2 4 Israel 1.307 38Japan . 155 2 4 Philippines 1,086 32Switzerland 119 1 8 Japan 1,085 32
India 101 15 Belgium 852 25Australia 100 15 Switzerland 723 21Austria 99 15 Colombia 590 17Netherlands 82 13 Lebanon 529 15Canada 79 12 Vatican City 382 1 1
Other countries 2 940 45 1 Other countries 2,544 74r-; ,
Field of Interest F reld of interestHumanities 2,006 30 8 Humanities 15,162 44 3Socks' V.,criCeN 1 387 21 3 Social sciences 4,948 145Physical and life sc ant es 1,247 19 1 Medical sciences 3,715 109Medical I,, ieocris 454 7 0 Physical ,dod sCrenCet 1,530 45Education 40C, II 2 Business Amin isti atiori 514 15
Agriculture 343 5 3 Education 476 14Engineering 778 4 '3 Fngineering 415 12a, cidirtintstratrun 192 2') Agriculture 76 2
Other or field talk iniwn 210 3 2 Paler fields 7,312 21 6
NOTE. fierause of rr,nnri fig 111, erities th 1101 add Ii 100 0
SOUE1cL Institut. of Internal irin ii Filur 1r.nn New Yoi,l OpenDoors 1974 Goovr.qh, 191', by ter :e1SItttiliEducation All rights wsers, it
NOTE Bec.ause of rounding, percentages clt riot add to 100 0
SOURCE Institute of International Educatin, New York, OpenDoors, 1973 (Cupyr ught. 1173 by the nstit use of InternStionnlEdOcatinn All rights reser,ed
I 7 1
184
FOREIGN STUDENTS IN U.S. COLLEGESMore than 150,000 students from other countries
were enrolled in institutions ut higher education inthe United States and its outly:ng territories during1973-74. This, the largest foreign enrollment eversurpassing the figure for ,I972-73 by about 3 5 per-
t. cent- represents a quadrupling in less than 20 yearsof the number of foreign students studying in thiscountry.
California. with 15 3 percent of the total, hadthe largest share of foreign students, West ,Virginiahad the least with 0.1 peicen). Two States Cali-
fornia and New York-alone had more than a
quarter of all students from abroad enrolled in U.S.colleges and universities. Miami-Dade CommunityCollege in Florida ,accounted for the largest numberof foreign students at one institution with 6,447,Woodbury' University in Los Angeles reported havingthe highest percentage of foreign students in at-tendance -48.5 percent.
Foreign students studying in the United States in1973-74 lePte";ented 177 countries and territoriesThe increased enrollment over the previous year wasalmost entirely accounted for by students from theNear and Middle East. Latin America, and AfricaHowever, of the total number of foreign students,those from the Far Last accounted for the larges,proportion. 35 4 percent, Latin Amezica suppled20.0 percent. and the Near and Middle East contributed 14 5 percent Hong Kung sent the largest
number of students-10,764; India, which led lastyear's enrollment, was next, followed by Iran; andCanada which had consistently been first until1970-71, fell to fourth.
A:though students from different regions of theworld entered a variety of fielus of study, engi-neering' continued to be the most popular, beingchosen by 20.6 percent. Humanities, second inpopularity, was selected by 17.2 percent.
Study choices on the basis of geographical regioniit,dicated a preference for engineering by 38.9 per-cent of the students from the Near and Middle Eastand by 24.3 percent of those from the Far East.African students favored studies in two fieldsbusiness administration and social sciences --with15.6 and 15.8 percent enrolled in each, respectively.Students from Europe, North America (mainlyCanada), and Latin America were inclined towardfhe humanities, with percentage enrollments of 26,623 7, and 22 0. respectively.
More detailed information on toreign student en-rollment in the United States may he found in
Open Doors 1974, available for S5 from the Insti-tute of lnternatiogal Education, 809 United NationsPlan, New York, N.Y. 10017.
DELTON L. MOOREStatistician
Figure 14. -Foreign students enrolled in institutions of higher education in the United States and outlying areas.1973-74 ti
BY FIELD OF STUDY
Far East
LatinAmerica
Near &Middie Fast
Eutotie
Atiit
NorthArner it d
rn
0o.
`-0
,t I
BY REGION OF ORIGIN
8 88 3
I 2 37ki
1
1 30,216
1 046
Eng'53,507 twer"I'q
, Humanities
Physic Jl &LiteSi )BuonE,CtAthrimstrat.un
SuE idl`(;Pm f'S
11Et
ducat...,.
i'ir8c '1.1
,tit 000 10 i300 40 000 50 ()00 1)(,()
NOTF ; II ( I nn I e f ht, Ir II bt'A
I :
8,588
5 957
1,88
31,187
26,034
19,628
118,963
16,419
1
20 602
O 10 000 20,000 30,000 40 000 50 000 60,000SOURCE I, titute nt iiiternationat EducJnon Open
1'774
Table 159.-Number of foreign students enrolled in American institutiohs of higher education,by area of origin, major field of interest, and academic status: 1973-74
.Major field of interestand academic status
.Total
Area of origin
Far EastNear and '
Middle EastEurope'
LatinAmerica
NorthAmerica
Africa Oceania U S,S.RStateless
or countryunknown
1 2 3 4 '' 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
AU fields 151,066r
53,507 21,946 15,494 30,276 8,883 12,937 2,375 45 5,603
Agriculture ... . .' 3,688 1,403 323 246 896 188 518 54 1 59
Undergraduate . . 1,027 263 96 59 323 106 1.53 14 1 12
Graduate . . . . . 2,481 1,103 218 175 491 80 329 39 ... 46
Other' 180 37 9 12' 82 2 36 1 ... 1
L
Business administration 18,963 7,770 2,238 1,631 3,915 702 2,022 369 1 315
Undergraduate . 12,343 4,599 1,432 778' 3,191 488 1,338 305 .. , 212
Graduate 6,205 3,029 758 808 626 191 652 52 1 88
Other' . 415 '142 . 48 45 44 98 23 32 12 15r ,,i
Education . 5,957 1,61/ , 558 562 1,144 932 551 391 3 199
Undergraduate 2,158 319 126 215 620 - 411 136 271 1 59
Graduate 3,583 1,251 375 315 483 505 403 113 136
Other' 216 47 57 32 41 16 12 4
efIgineering . 31,987 13,022 8,530 2,104 4,430 ' 616 1,767 124 4 . 590
Undergraduate 15,965 4,318 6,132 771 3,064 379 978 63 3 257
Graduate 14,060 8,242 2,029 - 1,256 1,230 222 727 54 1 299
Other' 1,1624. 462 369 77 136 15 62 7 . 34,
Humanities 26,034 6,E92 2,782 4,110 6,6,65 / 109 1,652 398 22 1,604
Undergraduate 14,397 3,061 1,746 1,710 4,522 1,085 870 223 9 1,171
Graduate , 7,872 2,662 667 1,721 962 841 589 146 8 ' 276
Other' 3,765 969 369 679 1,181 183 193 29 5 157i
Medical sciences . 8,588 3,054 832 621 2,167 493 1,044 110 5 262
Undergraduate 5,813 1,873 . 596 369 1,644 , 288 796 71 4 172
Graduate 2,544 1,1t 217 223 480 186 223 34 1 78
Other' 231 79 ig N 43 19 25 5 12 s
Physical and life sciences 19,628 9,528 2,191 1,898 2,740 875 1,710 262 7 417
Undergraduate 7,342 2,565 1,025 667 1,537 378 924 124 1 121
Graduate 11,852 6,768 1,115 1,171 1,142 486 745 131 6 288
Other' 434 195 51 60 61 11 41 7 8
I
Social sciences 16,419 5,185 2,019 2,069 3,030 1,229 2,045 415 1 426
Undergraduate 6,567 1,707 699 704 1,621 536 913 228 1 158
Graduate 9,369 3,345 1,266 1,263 1,319 663 1,082 , 182 249
Other' 483 133 54 102 90 30 50 5 19
All other fields 520 112 511_ 34 191 28 66 15 16
Undergraduate 419 69l 47 23 182 24 44 16 15
Graduate 62 35 9 5 3 2 7 1
Other' 39 8 2 6 6 2 '5
Field and status unknown 20,087 5,124 2,415 2,219 5,098 1,711 . 1,562 237 1 1,715
Excludes the USSR (shown separately in column 101 SOURCE Institute of International Education, New 'York, Open
3 Excludes Mexico and Ce oral Arner.ia whit h are included with Doors 1974 (Copyright 1975 by the Institute of International
Latin Americo Edu,..ation All rqtts roserwri
3SPeCial o de rq s and acradPfmc 1),),"nown
175
186
Table 160.--Number of foreign students enrolled in American institutions of higher education,by area of origin: 1954-55 to 1973-74
Academic year TotalArea of origin
Far East. Near andEast
Europe' LatinAmerica
NorthAmerica' Africa Oceania U S.S.R.
Statelessor countryunknown
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10,
11
1954-55 . . .. . 34,232 9,838 4,416 5,196 8,446 4,714 1,234 337 9 421955-56 36,494 11,202 4,662 5,502 8,474 5,042 1,231 353 2 261956-57 . . . . 40,666 12,949 5,243 5,996 9,110 5,444 1,424 424 9 67
0957-58 . . 43,391 14,206 5,695 6,816 9,212 5,354 1,515 495 21 771958-59 . 47,245 15,823 6,619 6,601 10,249 .5,512 1,735 612 - 5 89
1959-60 . . . . . 48,486 17,175 7,110 6,362 9,428 5,761 1,959 568 30 931960-61 . . . 53,107 19,222 7,862 6,686 9,626 6,128 2,831 658 16 78 .
'1961-62 . . 58,086 21,568 8,277 6,833 9,915 6,639 3,930 796 37 911962-63 . . 64,705 23,768 8,847 7,888 11,021 7,089 4,996 948 35 1131963-64 . 74,814 26,531 10,131 9,298 12,882 8,548 6,144 1,080 50 9 150
19764-65 . 82,045 29,400 11,217 10,073 13,657 19,338 6,855 1,265 35 2051965-66 . . 82,709 29,049 11,217 10,186 ' 13,998 9,851 6,896 1.325 40 1471966-67 . 100,262 33,570 12,830 14,151 18,18t 12,230 7,170 1,635 56 4381967-68 . . . 110,315 38,228 12,347 15,488 21,908 12,236 6,901 1,683 68 1,4561968-69 121,362 42,632 13,918 16,418 23,438 12,948 6,979 1,869 85 3,125
1969-70 '- 134,959 49,189 15,122 18,473 24,991 13,415 7,607 2,077 51 4,0341970-71 144,708 54,247 17.052 18,275 29,:',00 12,732 8,734 1,915 31 2,3421971-72 . 140,126 91,827 17,100 16,166 28,832 10,541 9,592 2,131 53 3,8841972-73 146,097 53,562' ,,202 16,237 28,383 9,805 11,465 2,107 59 5,2771973-74 151,066 53,507 21,946 15,494 30,276 8,883 12,937 2,375 45 5,603
'Excludes the U S S.R. (shown in column 10) SOURCE Institute co International Education, New York, Open'Excludes Mexico and Central Amnica, which are included with Doors, 195455 to 1974
Latin America
NOTE.-Beginning in 1966-67, includes- foreign students whointend to remain in.the United States
Table 161.--Estimated population, school enrollment, teachers, and public expenditures for educationin major areas of the world: 1971-72
Item Worldtotal
Major areas pf the world
Africa 'Asia Euro p' North Latin
1 - , 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Population, all ages' (thousands) 3,788,200 364,000 2,154,000 469p00 20,200 248,000 332,000 201,000
Enrollment, all levels` (thousands/ 494,395 3,9,389 185,708 87,961 4,640 53,884_ 64,140 58673First level . 348,475 33,545 141,234 52,750 2,934 :39,932 32,737 45,343Seipnd level 117,491 5,326 38,078 30,010 1 ,427 9;355 21,753 11,542 iThird level 28,429 518 6,396 . 5,201 779 4597 9,650 1,788
Teachers, all levels` (thousands) 20481 1,105 6,480 4,774 204 2,228 3,234 2,456First leve' , 40. 11,667 833 4,142 2,320 105 1,513 1,336 2 1,418Second level 6,704 235 1,896 2,069 7S 447 1,113 866Third level 2,110 e37 442 385
.g.-21 . 268 785 172
$182,770 $3,250 $14,990 $53,550 $2,410 S23,790 $78,700 $6,080Public expenditures on education'
(millions of U S dollars)
As percent of gross national product 5 4 3 5 4 7 7 3
Population excludes USSR , Includes European portion ofTurkey Enrollment, teachers, and public expenditure dataexclude People's Republic of China, Democratic People'sRepublic of Korea, and Democratic Republic of Vietndm
`Excludes USSR'Includes Hawaii`Population data are for South AmericaData are for mid year f977
`Data are fo school year beginning in 1971Data are for calender year 1971
NO TE -Firs level excludes preschool, kindergarten, and specialeducation, second level excludes special and adult education.third level excludes adult education"
SOURCE United Nations Educational, Scientific, and CulturalOrganization, Paris, Statistical Yeabook, 1973
176
187
Table 162.-Estimated total population and enrollment, by level, in selected countries of the world:' 1971-72
1
Country'Mid-year 1972
population(in thousands)
School veer enrollment, 1971-72
All levelsFirst level
of education'Second levelof education' of
Third leveleducation'
a 1 2 3 4 5 6
Africa .
Ethiopia 25,933 '1171,410 716,729 149,703 ' 4,978
Nigeria 58,020 4,246,581 3,854,539 377,532 '14,510
South Africa 22,987 4,384,587 ' 3,603,256 '698,634 . '82,697Egypt, Arab Republic of 34,839 5,674,664 3,873,297 1,554,809 246,558
Asa .
China (mainland) , 800,721 99,990,000 590,000,000 '9,990,000India 563,494 65,321,743 764,326,000 8,986,609 '2,009,134Indonesia 122,567 15,831,334 '13,474,130 2,104,734 251,870
Israel ,
Japan3,080
106,958693,822
20,387,094499,705
9.595,021141,981
8,864,751'52,136
1,927,322
Korea, North ,Korea, RepubWof
14,68032,369
2,000,0008,223,360
2 000,0005,807,448
. ..2 ,201,259 214,653
Pakistan 64,892 6,391,548 3,887,500 '2,266,011 238,037
Philippines 39,046 10,043,4i, ''622,424 '1,791,176 '634,835Saudi Arabia 8,199 602,974 475,007 118,496 9,471
Thailand 36,286 6,325,178 '5,634,782 '626,573 63,823
Turkey 37,010 6,699,020 5,099,694 1,429,654 169,672
Vietnam, Nor th 22,038 4,500,091 '4,500,000 (10) 1191
Vietnam, Republic of i 218,810 3,149,739. ' 2,375,982 '716,183 57,574
EuropaAustria 7,488 1,394,057 912,615 415,041 66,401
Belgium 9,711 2,Q12,612 ' '1,019,483 . ;'847,605 145,524
Czechoslovakia 14,681 2,460,368 1,939,590 392,654 128,124
France 51,720 10,075,897 4,853,725 4,524,381 697,791
GermanyFederal Republic of" 4 63,747 11,580,649 6,476,647 4,506,317 597,685
East Germany 17,043 3,197,411 2,570,504 474,592 152,315
':aly 54,345 9,713,014 4,928,406 .. 4,018,828 765,780
Netherlands 13,330 2,990,119 1,464,484 1,277,671 247,964
Poland 33,068 6,879,711' 5,052,192 1,428,459 399,060
Romania 20,769 3,579,899 2,766,368 664,903 148,628
Spain 34,494 6,207,393 4,182,029 1,774,977 250,387
United Kingdom 55,788 11,091,203 6,269,818 4,221,643 ''599,742599,742
Yugoslavia 20,772 3,867,772 2,837,019 -748,207 282,546
North emericaCanada 21,848 6,076,763 to 2820,666 2,603,921 652,176
Canal Zone 45 14,930 7,942 5,67t3 1,310
Puerto Rico 2,809 844,730 493,852 281,258 69,620
United States 208,842 60,558,645 31,800,000 , 19,810,000 8,948,645
Virgin Islands IU S A I ' 67 25,304 16,560 7,100 1,644
OceaniaAmerican Samoa 31 10,050 7,113 2,305 632
Australia 12,959 3,123,415 1,806,791 1,136,960 '179,664
Guam 93 34,468 20,798 10,602 3,068
New Zealand 2,905 800,988 519,276 190,709 91,003
Latin AmericaCuba 8,749 1,916,689 1,631,187 259,160 '26,342Mexico 52,641 11,080,269 '9,248,290 ' 1,584,342 '247,637
Argentina 23 923 4,772,988 3,443,669 1,007,537 321,782
Brazil 98,854 18 772,320 13,640,967 4,562,123 569,230
Chile "8,992 2,644,689 , 2,200,160 366,099 '78,430
Colombia 22,490 3,205,408 '2,669,579 450,269' '85,560
Peru 14,456 3,283,809 '2,488,395 '660,063 135,351
vorieruela 10,969 2,503,521 3,838,314 565,464 99,743
USSR 247,459 53,883,600 39,932,000 9,354,600 4,597,000
' First level uuludes elementary school enrollment the mainfunction of which is to provide basic instrut torn in the tools olearning Preschool, fondergar ten, and sop( iai education enrollmeats are ex( luded
'Second level includes ger-feral, vocational, and teat,fie trainingenrollments at the secondary school level Entrance to secondany schools requires at least 4 years previous instruction at mefirst level Speual and adult Mutation enroll:putts are exchidedThird level irld,j(11S ((111V111-.1 and 11111V1i(S1111iS that rvtit,tri, the
Sill 1"isful con-11)6'1.0n of education at the second 'eves asminimum entfarne niinuremor Adult
O'KCIiided4 Oat.) UP for 19/9
Data ire for 141-'9
'Data are for 1958Data are for 1967
'Data are for 1972'Data are for 1969
' "Data are included at first level' ' D.-ta .e for 1964' ' Dall are mid year 1971''Data are for mid year 1971'Includes West Berlm5 Data are for England and Wale, 1970 Northern, 1 reiapd ,
1971 and Scotland, 1969
SOL 'VICE United Nations Eduiatsonal, Scientific, and CulturalOrgan./ ation Paris, Srarisb( di Yearbook, 1973
188
4
A
Table 163. Broadcast hours of public television stations, by type of programing, type of licensee, geographic region,and budget size: United States and outlying areas, fiscal year 1973
Type of licensee,geographic region, andediusted budget size
Numberof
.. stations'
Broadcast hours, by type of programing
Percent
Total
Number
1 2 3 4
Total
Type of licenseeInstitutions of hither educationLocal public school systems . . .
State authorities, State education agencies,municipal authorities, and other licensedagencies . . . . . . .. . . ..
Community organizations .
Geographic region.Northeast .' .
, Central .. .
SouthWestOutlying areas .
Adjuited budget sizeUnder $150,000. .
$150,000-$499,999$500,000-5849,999$850,000 - $2,899,999$2,900,000 and over
221 09,548 100.0
6719
7461
47538529
7
9564098
0,18
225,29157,758
299,927226,612
172,142196,215319,104100,26321,864
21,693181,142148,752383,45774,544
til21.324.239 412.4
2.71
t...,2.7
27.87.1
37.0280
22.418.447.49.2
Programing forclassroom
Programing for_general audience
Number Percent Number Percent
5 6 7 -5
260,067 's oo.o 549,521 100.0
59,162 22.7 166,129 30.221,938 8.4 35,820 6.5
117,457 45.0 182,770 33.361 10 23.8 164,802 30.0
48,562 18.7 123,580 22.558,422 22.5 137,793 25 1
121,924 46.9 197,180 35.925,829 9.9 74,434 13.5
5,330 2.0 16,534 3.0
4,943 1.9 16,750 3.048,597 18.7 132,545 24.148,048 18.5 100,704 18.3
136,188 52.4 247,269 45.022,291 8.6 52,253 95
' Data include only those stations on the air from the beginning SOURCE U.S Department of Health, Education, and Welfare,National Center for Education Statistics, and Corporation forPublic Broadcasting, Statistical Report on Pliblic Television
NOTE -Because of rbunding, percents may dot add to 100 0. Licensees, Fiscal Year 1973.
of the fiscal year
Table 164. Rank order of public libraries with 1 million or more volumes in their collections:United States, 1974
Library system
----Rankorder
Number ofvolumes
(book stockand serials)
Library system Rankorder
Number ofvolumes
(book stockand serials)
1 ' 2 3 1 2 3
New York Public Library . 1 8,761,899 Denver Public Library 21 1,488,350Chicago Public Library 2 5,593.136 Dallas Public Library 22 1,486,146Los Angeles Public Library 3 4,336,734 Public Library of Fort Wayne andLos Angeles County Public Library 4 3,824,664 Allen County (Ind ) . . 23 1,329,357Boston Public Library 5 3,692,569 Minneapolis Public Library 24 1,303,200
Cleveland Public; Library , 6 3,146,982 St Louis Public Library 25 1,294,251
Cincinnati Hamilton County Public Library 7 2,985,812 Cuyahoga County (Ohio) Public Library 26 1;266,143Free Library of Philadelphia 8 2,925,147 St Louis County Library 27 1,215,126Queens Borough Public Library San Diego Public Library ) 28 1,212,378
(New York) 9 2,901,274 Dayton and Montgomeiy CountyBuffalo and Erie County Library System 10 2,839,402 Public Library (0hit) 29 1,207,827
Brooklyn Public Library 11 2,784,153 Baltimore County Public Library , 30 1,173,836
Milwaukee Public Library, 12 ,2,344,914 Kansas City Public Library 31 1,165,505Enoch Pratt Free Library (Baltimore) 13 2,282,513 Columbus Public Library 32 1,142,852Detroit Public Library 14 2,255,266 Memphis and Shelby County Library 33 1,126,342Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh 15 2,120,310 Indielpapolls.Marion County Library . 34 1,125,375
Public Library of Washington, D C 16 1,951,796 ToledoLucas County Library 35 1,105,263
Hawaii State Library 17 1,808,150 Public t ibrary of Newark 36 1,096,139Houston Public Library 18 1,540,925 King County Library (Washington) 37 1,085,843San Francisco Public Library 19 1,5/13,602 Library Association of Portland 38 1.057,667Seattle Public Library 20 1,508,950 Louisville Free Public Library 39 1,000,879
SOURCE U S Department of .Healtd, Edu:ation, and Welfare, National Center for Education Statistics, Public Library Survey,1974 (LIBGIS ll
1-78
189
Table 165.-General statistics of public libraries serving areas of'25,000 or more population:United States and outlying areas, fiscal year.1968
Item_
Population size group
Total25,006or more
25,000-34,999
35,000-49,999
50,000 -99,999
100,000-499,999
500,000or more
1 2 3 4., 5 6 7
Number of libraries' . .I. . .
Number of libraries reporting'1,1351,057
, 28E,258
71250
335318
206196,
3835
Population served (thousands) . . . 117,235 7,578 10,321 21,986 38,157 39,194
Collect ions (thousands)
Number of voluir.$) held at end of year 191,079 14,995 18,617 34,276 61,282 61,910Number of volumes' added during year . 1'6,648 6,317 1,359 3,020. 5,803 5,149Total circulation during year . . 560,214 48,041 53,629 106,966 195,159 156,421
Staff (full-time equivalent)Filled positions . 49,887 3,356 3,903 8,229 16,602 17,797
Library staff . . . . . . . 45,635 3,105 3,604 7,673 15,457 15,796Maintenance staff . . . , . . 4,252 251 299 556 1,145 2,001
Operating expenditures (thousands of dollars)
Total operating expenditures , . . . . $421,236 $26,716 $31,170 $66,597 $137,881 $159,874
Wages and salaries . . . . 271,000 15,961 19,050 41,304 88,559 106,125
Library staff . . . 251,443 14,868 17,757 38,662 83,098 96,667Maintenance staff '19,956 0,093 r 1,293 2,641 6,461 9t4 88
72,491 5,417 6,199 12,135 24,202r-
24,537Purchase of library materialsBook 'stock .. , 64,062 4,837 L,400 10,755 21,316 21,701
Serials . . 4,820 328 418 761 1,563 1,760
Other printed materials , 663 58 58 98 259 189
Audiovisual materials 2,945 194 263 521 1,081 886
All other operating expenditures 77,746 5,337 5,920 12,158 25,119 29,211
'Problems of definitions and reporting did not permit the datafor one average-sized State" to be included in the survey
3Data shown are for reporting libraries only'Includes volumes of book stock and bibliographic volumes ofserials only
NOTE -Because of rounding, details may npt add to totals.
SOURCE U S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare,National Center for Education Statistics, Statistics of PublicLibraries Serving Areas With at Least 25,000 Inhabitants, 1968.
Table 166.--General statistics of Federal libraries: IUnited States and outlying areas, fiscal year 1972
I tern TotalNationallibraries '
All otherclera(
libraries'
1 2 3 4
Number of libraries . . . . . . . . .. . 2,145 3 2,142
Total volumes, books, and bound periodicals ,riWile ellen 59,907,323 18,472,350 41,434,973
,..aurculationtotal operating expenditAs
45,014.967
$191,825,882
2,391,432
$95,558,383
42,623,535
$96,267,499
Salaries and wages $121,865,701 $61,073,332 $60,792,369
Library materials 'S38,718,380 $11,301,592 $27,416,188
Other operating expenditures $31,241.801 $23,183,459 $8,058,342
Total employees -4 11,080 4,119 6,961
Professional employees ." 3,209 1,019 2,190
' Data are for the 2,145 repor libraries out of a total SOURCE U S tpartment of Health, Education, anduniverse of 2,313 Welfare, National Center for Education Statistics, SurveyLibrary of Congress, Natiorial Library of Medicine, of Federal Libraries, 1972 ,
National Agricultural Library'Administrative, iudicial, and execure branch, libraries
17')
190
4r*
Table 167.Estimated number of librarians,' bu type of library in which employed and by sex.United States, 1960 and 1970, with projected requirements for 19$0 and 1965
Emsilo ye r1960 1970 1980
Total1985TotalTotal Men Women Total Men Wernsii
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
All libraries , , . ... . 611,000 11,800_511,200 116,000 18,000 87,000 141,000 182.000Elementary and secondary schools' 30,900 1,600 29,300 52,000 3,600 48,400 64,500 79,500'Collegas.and universities 10,400 3,300 7,100 19,500 6,600 12,900, 26,500 27,000Public libraries . 17,700 2,500 15,200 26,500 3,700 22,800 30,000 33,000Special libraries . 10,000 2,400 7,600 17,000 4,100 12,900 20,000 22,500
Full-time and part *me personnel employed as professionallibrarians, regardless of level of education completed
'Public and nonpublic' schools
SOURCE U S Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Ste-.MIMS
Table IN.Selected statistics on the collections, staff, and operating expenditures of large university libraries: )973-74
Institution Rankorder'
Numberof
volumes atend of year
Grossnumber fvoluad
during ar
Numberofroform
units atend of year
.S aft
(Jul timeequivalent)
Operating expenditures
TotalRooksand
binding
Salariesand
wagesOther
TotalProlesse:1nel
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Harvard University 1 9,028,385 297,283 1,117.149 766 218 '$10,564,174 $2,770,020 $6,601,698 $1,192,456Yale University 2 '6,350,824 190,750 871,235 585 185 9,041,982 2,500,242 4,913,670 1,628,070University ul Illinois' 3 5.236.375 181,399 1,085,156 460 189 7,164,751 2,375,296 4,288,133Columbia University 4 '4,572,676 117,795 1,212,706 442 138 6,192,548 1,452,081 4,41 329,982University of Michigan' 5 4,548,527 139,669 952,627 475 158 6,973,671 '1,786.67 7,959 '469,138University of California
at Berkeley 6 4,476,759 174,820
,837,842 450 163 7,973,177
-2,180,472 5,399,586 393,119
Cornell University' 7 4,158,006 127,006 1,260,769 417 134 6,500,242 2,117,528 3,810,476 572,238Stanford University 8 3,982,009 177,926 1.184.226 412 146 8,048,076 . 2,181,867 4,960,434 905.785Indiana University' 9 3.665,076 206,910 730,475 408 167 6,532,038 2,045,371 3,931,913 554,751
University of Texas' ° 10 3.518,690 196,538 737,036 363 122 6,020,952 2,503,516 3,144,661 372,885University of Chica90' ' 11 3,485.140 166,813 382,980 254 72 4,233,064 1,239.060 2,680457 313,547University of Minnesota'' 'University of California
12 3,479.139 135,669 440,681 363 168 7 040.153' O. 1,823,453 4,4511,496 758,004
at Los Angeles 13 3,395,178 116,542 1,146,741 417 150 8,255.441 2,058,963 5.358,418 838.040
Ohio State University' ' 14 2,911,839 141,953 927,735 276 87 4,868,848 1,468.988 2,711,652 682108University of Wisconsin 15 2,784.733 116,047 907,618 321 103 5,459498 1,947,784 3,111,706 400,008Princeton Univeri'ity 16 2.615,317 103,510 ''838,507 294 85 4,185,408 1,633,644 2,305,894 245,870University of Pennsylvania I 17 2,557,046 97,014 967,287 283 98 4.709.065 1,328,228 2,951,400 429.427Duke University 18 2,530,124 95,236 241,564 229 82 3,468.000 1,190,997 2,069,703 207,300
New VoikiUmversity 19 2,390,450 85470 941 997 345 83 4,934,795 1,198,100 3,589,747 146,948Northwestern University i 20 1349.369 78,690 490,349 244 106 4,288,401 1,427,743 2,475.428 385,230University of Washington' `; 21 2 102.030 95,210 1,149.931 357 118 5,489,061 1,468.875 3,840.586 179,600Michigan State University 22 2,082,617 110 595 571 214 191 72 3,670 484 1.272.209 2,176,310 221.965University of
North Carolina 4 23 2.043,670 88,974 949 922 130 83 3,625 605 1,193,784 2225,144 206,677
Johns Hopkins University'' 24 e 2,006,145 43,020 740 035 190 58 2,927 372 974,709 1,597,530 355.133University of Virginia 25 It 1,951,040 99,355 1,419462 2t0 72 4.499,857 1,955,773 2,220.378 323,706University of Pittsburgh' 26 1 880 753 118,075 699,441 285 141 3,990,661 1,181,683 2,525.937 283 041University of Iowa 27 1,812,942 71 015 795,866 174 77 3,032,707 1,089.566 1,857,309 85,833University of Colt-react,' " 28 1.809 742 116 828 1 222 105 106 59 3 246 705 1.242,11,1 1,865,171 139.423
Univer.itv of Missouri i 29 1,749,181 53,000 1 446,720 152 50 2,736,470 1,172,990 1,335,390 228.090University of Kansas' " 30 1 745 755 62 854 488 005 166 59 2,821,693 360.519 1,598,010 263.164Pennsylvania State
University" 1 31 1744,577 109 135 1385,196 415 110 5,754.713 2518424 3,377,897 35E1.392Southern 111,0d Univer sitv 32 1740,853 111,923 . 129 60 2,750,375 1.050,439 1.530,421 178.515
Rutgers University' ' 33 1 736 978 95 425 897 377 307 101 5481,203 2,273.420 2,918,986 288.797University of Florida t, 34 1 705 480 75,421 741,412 213 80 3.636924 1.257,066 1085,120 296,735University of Maryland' 1 35 1 64/ .., ' 132 067 860 422 350 116 5 735.508 2,099.513 3,200.275 435 720University of Southern
California' ' 36 1,619 002 49 133 796 293 200 74 3.160 075 t57,303 1,951,110 251,662
Included with volumes' Institutions err ranked by the number of volumis at the end of theyear (column 31 Althyugh this .5 a convenient measure of vie themeasures ir. columns 4 11 warrant OqUJI attention for comparativePurposes
1E xcludes S1 446 056 In reportstrl building and maintenance chargesand $869,532 in 'poor led fungi' benefits
'Includes Law Library *ate'Includes the Library 4.0 Health Services ii ChICatli0 and branches inPrevia Rockford, and )lkbaria 4
' E XCitR/% 55,266 voluders awaiting pi rice situ,'I xcludet Dearborn Campus I ihrinv and The F hot Collet). L biar,,:EST.r"....(1 by institutid i'Includes Geneve Expoffirnet't Station and hitvl,tal C,3Ileye in Nev.
yori. City' includes six Indianapolis campuses a Icf six ieti.no,11 carnp,ises
' °Intliides law library I (..I Sch,( l44+ Pubi,c At 1..),,s L hie, andspecial collections 4
' Exciiies M.(tV."St Reg rn11 Medcm anew' Includes uodinate I ,.15 I hear , ,11 l , eAston Di,lirirl Mon , isand VVISKA 10
' 'Includes live regional campus librariesncludes special microform collections not previously counted
"Includes Law Library and VoCitsC Northwestern Region's) HealthServices Librariesncludes Applied Physics Laboratory for the first time
' 'Includes four regional campuses'Includes Boulder Denver Colorado Springs and Medical Center ICampusesnchudes Medical Center Libraries
'°E xclodes Hershey Medical Center and Capitol CaMPus GraduateCenter at Middletown Pennsylvania
' ' Includes eight mato, libraries including service to a medical schooland to colleges and professionel schools (not affiliated with Ridge.) inCamden Newark and New Brunswick
'Includes Health Sciences and Law Libraries Excludes BaltimoreCounty and Eastern Shore CaMPUI itbf jf ICS
.inchmips toenches and affiliates
ISO
191
Association of Fitsseerch LiteariesAcmeemic Library Sta-tistics 1973 74
Table 169 --General statistics of college and unitersity libraries: United States and outlying areas,1968-69, 1970-71, and 1972-73
Item 19613-69 1970 -.11 1972-73i
Item 1968-69 1970 -71 1972-73
1 2 3 4 1 ' 2 3 4
Number of librariesNumber of students enrolled.
total (thousandd 3lEnrolled for bachelor'sand higher degrees
Enrolled in unthrgracfuateoccupational programs
Collections(thousands of units)
Number di volumes at endof veer
'Number of volumes addedduring year
Number of pert -trtteSyear
tbrarY staff in terms ofLull -time equivalents a
Total staff in regularpositions'
Professional librariansNonprofessional library
staffHours of student and other
assistance Ithousans/s1
2,431
7,572
6,983
589
378.564
25,756
2,632
.45,150
2,535
4497,986
371,38i
26.374
3.677
48.953
2,908
9,298
8,342
95g
406,790
25.095
3.806
53,876
Library operating expend'tures (excluding capital outley) in thousands of dollars
Operating expenditures, totalSalariesHourly iN*911,Binding and rebindingBooks and other library
materialsOther library operatingexpenditures .
Operating expendituresin pc 'cents, total
SalariesHbudv wagesBir.ding and rebindingBooks end other librarymaterials .
Other library operatingexpenditures
Library operating enpenditurtsas percent of total inst.
expenditures toreducational and generalpurposes
S584,848 S737.533 S1366838273.23244,25317,542
212,891
38,929
361,29656.05219,781
247.668
52,737
443.29653.25020,813
282.195
67.284
100 100 100
4783
36
6
497
3
34
7
5162
33
70,149
25 001
21.8861
27,068
23,06,7
30,809
4 2 4 2 4 134,414 I 37,385 33.589
Openmg fall enrollment in college% and unlyersmis for thespecified year
'Oats on stet f ate for the fall term of the succeeding y4.0NOTE -Because of rounding derails may not add to totals
SOURCE U S Department of Health, Education. and WelfareNeon.' Center for Education Statistics, I. theory Statuses orCo,'*oes end Unsverstrws, analytic reports for 196849 and loll1971, and Survey n1 College gird Unworldly Librohrt, 1913
Table 170.--Prices for hardcover, Mass market paperback, and trod* and higher priced paperback books,1967-69 and 1974, and number of titles, 1974, by category. United States
Categniy
Hardcover books'Mass market Trade iris. higher priced
Paperback books prslwiback bookst--- Number 7 Number Number
! Arage iw cc of Avw age price of Av"Ilotr p ice oftitle% biles 'till
191-77-7 F.9 1974 1974 1967 69
Total S8 77
Agr133Iturn 9 11Art 12 44Biography 911Business 10 41Education 6 5r3
Fiction 4 496General v.v.'. ' 15 28Fffivry 9 95Hiiphe ecnnomi s '6 55Juveniles 1 53
Language:Jets .Litrtratior
Music1
Music
11)1313 228 041419 98
Philosophy psyjill3,,,-oop, "8 41
Poetry drama 6 69,Religion 6 29`Science 12 6/SW10091, ,.r (111011,et ' 9 35
Sono 33, n.toroll"f,Techroningy
79113 01
14
3 i 4 5
914.09i 29,01411 90 79 iS12$ 2,9014 /3 2413 21 1 284-r 88 1 47 15 3 13
__-409 84
12 65 1 82914 46 1.104
14 97 662 / 06 1 `,993 1 1 5486
1
i t 13
1 33 " 1 71
il'5) li II 317)23 02 i
15 8697 1 1 049823
98 I 1 638 i " i 2 155501 1 2 etlit ! 71 1 9$
14 Pt j 1.14 k 1 1 3418 24 1 731 i. 86 I 4112 63 1 1 141 96 l 1 4 /18 971 1 774 £37 1 1 5414 41 199 83 1 75
1 157 1 867. i I1 1 3)
9 9 1 1 1 154 , 0) i 1 4 3
20 8 11 2 184 t 135 1 699 /0 ! 1 024 ,i us 148
1)4;1 4581
45176' t 1 ! 160r) 70 1 696 , 81
11 14 I 1 161 i 1 041WO I 1 170 ; i 3
61 3 48 458 330118 225 320 214:3 5 10 6 1? 701'7 2 91 4 37 470
1 709 1 66 7 98 12734 i'1 6 314 21146 787 1,72 24659 3'38 260
113 1)3 184 2178
10 4 10B 4 11 542
96 244 3974 61 ss5
1 119 4 76
109 1' 3`98)0 181 19838., 196 77I
496 745433 4 58
16315248?452
86
382343977061?676
1 32 127 11 3 20 3 3071 7a I4 8 84 i 61 1 "11E's4
? 03 38 r .1 0: i 410
t KO it1Oie% Cto1VO .1 dill k,', ti on,or VOW 04,3 I ii.r ,atilt'
/00P,/,ii.AV'ef ,j(r. isf 1967 of/',1 It', ,.,,31 196) 1,9 1 Pat)i'itheit iNesiAl)
!tie
19 44
Table 171.-Price index for hardcover, massmarket paperback, and trade and higher priced paperbackbooks, based on 1967-69 average prices, by category: United States, 1973 and 1974
Category
books Mass-marketpaperback books
Trade and higher pricedpaperback books
1967.69 Index' 1967.69 Index' 196789 Index'Averagprice 1973 1974 Averageprice 1973 1974 Averageprice 1973 1974
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Total . .. ...... .. . . . . . . . 32.77 139.1 160.7 10.79 141.1 162.0 $324 115.1 135.2
Agriculture 971 121.4 136 0 .88 143.2 161.4 313 99.7 130.7Art .. . 12.44 124 0 116 2 86 148.8; 131.4 3.48 124.4 131.6Biography 9.71 130 8 130 3 93
I147 3 . 165 6 225 1292 142.2
Business , 10.41 127.1 1438--
-t.06 141.5 1 150.0 5.10 97.7 120.0Education 658 147.0 157 0 1 33 112.8 128.6 2.91 132.3 148.4
Fiction 4.96 148 6 1498 ' .75 138 7 156.0 1.66 121 7 1795General wor Vs . 15 28 120.5 150.6 0 / (2) (2) (3) (2) (2)History . 9.95 156.4 167 1 98 145.9 166 3 2.87 124.4 129.6Home economics 655 154 5 134 6 (2) (2) (2) () (2) (2)Juveniles ; 3 53 131.7 141 9 .71 146.5 1313 0 1.23 227.6 149.6
Language 10 13 123 7 139 7 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)Law . 13 22 126 9 138 0 86 129.1 163.9 4.11 121.4 131.9Literature 304 142 8 157 1 96 140.6 153 1 244 137 7 162.7Medicine 13 41 118.7 141 1 87 164.4 177.0 4.61 103.7 126.9Music 9.08 139 6 158 9 .83 159.1 210.8 3 19 1072 149.2Philosophy. psychology 8 41 129.5 137 6 (2) (2) (2) (3) (2) (2)Poetry. drama . 669 156 5 148 4 92 144 6 155 4 1.81 148.1 164.6Religion 6 29 148 6 154 2 85 157 6 174 1 196 517.4 1313.3
Science 12 67 136.9 164 4 96 162 5 176 0 4.06 1465 183.5Sociology, economics 935 130 7 186.8 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)Sports. recreation 7 91 123 0 122 6 .87 140 2 151.7 2 11 1322 151.6Technology 13 03 118 0 136 1 104 169.2 167 3 884 82 4 63 5Travel 934 141.2 145.3 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Index base is 1967-69 average price = 100 0'Nee/ category. 1967-69 average price cannot be established
SOURCE. Publishers' Weekly
Table 172.--Prices for periodicals and serial service, by subject area:United States, 1967-69, 1973, and 1974
Subject area1967-69 1973 1974Average
priceAverage
price Index' Averageprice Index'
1 2- 3 4 5 6
Periodicals, total' . 513.66 ; $16.20 117.1 $17.71 204.5
Agriculture 468 721 154 1 8.12 173 5Business and economics 7 54 12.25 162 5 13 90 184 4Chemistry and physics 24 48 56 61 231 5 65 47 267 4Children's periodicals 260 3 27 125 8 3 72 143 1Education 634 11 34 178 9 12 64 199 4
Engineering 10 03 23 37 233 0 24.38 243.1Fine and applied arts - 6 71 9 16 136 5 9 84 146 7General interest periodicals 7 28 10 05 138 5 11 43 157 0History 604 8 95 148 2 9 57 158 4Home economics . 645 12 21 189 3 12 31 190 9
Industrial arts 687 957 139 3 963 140.2Journalism and communications 572 13 05 228 2 13 13 229.6Labor and industrial relator, 3 01 6 02 200 0 6 71 222 9Law 8 71 J 3 19 151 4 14 56 167 2Library science 6 27 10 48 167 2 1253 199.8Literature and language 538 8 14 151 3 9 16 170 3Mathematics, botany, geology, and general science 15 30 '26 99 176 4 30 27 197 8Medicine 19 38 33 60 173 4 36 31 187 3Philosophy and religion 5 27 8 12 154 1 884 167 7Physical education and recreation 4 89 6 83 139 7 7 17 146.6
Political science 6 18 9 69 456 8 10 79 174 6Psychology 14 55 23 17 159 2 25 79 177 3Sociology and anthropology 611 11 28 184 6 13 03 213 3Zoology 13 39 14 07 170.8 24 76 185,1
Serial Melee, total' . . . . $72.42 $103 45 142.9 $109.31 150.9
Business 119 76 153 69 128 3 159 03 132.8Law 6C 87 90 78 '49 1 90 97 149 5Social sciences 65 63 124 30 189 4 124 60 189 9Science and technology . 65 23 103 39 158 5 11125 171 5
"Wilson Index- 255 33 315 82 124 7 329 64 130 1US documents 18 37 33 91 184 6 43 96 239 3Soviet translations 90 82 123 30 135 8 130 12 143 3General and humanities 28 23 73 66 260 9 76 27 270 2
Base for index is 1967 69 (column 2128ased nn 2.537 titles
'As defined by American National Standards Institute, Inc
, SOURCE Library Journal,
182
193
Tab
le 1
73.-
-Sel
ecte
d ch
arac
teris
tics
of s
cien
tists
and
eng
inee
rs, b
y fie
ld:
Uni
ted
Sta
tes,
197
4
Item
Fie
ld o
f sci
ence
or
engi
neer
ing
in 1
974
Com
pute
rsp
ecia
lists
Eng
inee
rsM
athe
-!
ttm
aes)
f
alsp
ecie
ists
Life
scie
ntis
tsP
hysi
cal
scie
ntis
ts
Env
iron-
men
al
scie
ntis
tsP
sych
ol-
.ogi
sts
Soc
ial
scie
ntis
ts
Num
ber
Per
-ce
ntN
umbe
rP
er-
cent
Num
ber
Pei
cent
Num
ber
Per
-ce
ntN
umbe
rP
ar-
cent
Num
ber
Per
-ca
ntN
umbe
rPer
cent
Num
ber
Per
-ce
nt
12
34
56
78
910
1112
1314
1516
17
Tot
al.
..
.. .
..
55,1
6010
0.0
687,
715
100.
027
,849
100.
075
,478
100.
012
0,99
410
0.0
29,4
7010
0.0
34,9
0110
0.0
47,9
3710
0.0
Sex M
ale
48,4
1087
868
4,35
099
523
,805
85 5
65,4
9886
811
1,92
492
528
,578
97.0
25,1
0871
.937
,864
79 0
Fem
ale
6,75
012
.23,
366
0 5
4,04
414
5,9
,980
13 2
9,07
17.
589
33.
09,
794
28.1
10,0
7321
0
Rac
eW
hite
53,2
4896
566
4.52
696
625
,923
93.1
72,0
7695
511
3,84
594
128
,919
98 1
34,0
6597
.646
,221
96 4
Bla
ck84
41
54,
491
0 7
1,03
13
71,
179
1.6
2,20
51.
847
0.2
,836
1 .8
674
1 4
Japa
nese
, Chi
nese
. or
Kor
ean
704
1 3
15,0
042
273
02
61,
765
2.3
3,90
73.
240
81.
496
0.3
877
1.8
Oth
er r
aces
363
0 7
3,69
:.;0
516
50
645
80
61,
038
0 9
970.
310
40
316
50
3
Med
ian
age
34 4
43 0
.37
841
041
1.
43 3
39 7
40 5
Hig
hest
deg
ree
held
Ass
ocia
te12
,537
1 8
..
..
Bac
helo
r's37
,590
68 1
476,
692
69 3
8,35
030
025
,507
33.8
43,8
1836
212
,914
43 8
3,40
49
811
,975
25 0
Mas
ter's
.14
,813
26 9
145,
272
21 1
9,33
733
516
,804
22 3
22,3
4018
.58,
437
28 6
11,0
491
714
,244
29.7
Doc
tora
te2,
604
4 7
31,8
594
610
,016
36 0
31,7
5042
154
,661
45.2
8,05
627
.320
,394
58 4
21,4
8144
8
Oth
er d
egre
es15
20
31,
106
0 2
147
0 5
1,41
71
9'17
50
163
0 2
540.
223
80
5
No
degr
ee`
.20
,249
2 9
..
Em
ploy
men
t sta
tus
in J
anua
ry 1
974
.
In la
bor
forc
e.
53.3
7296
865
3,68
295
126
,021
93 4
71.0
1094
111
3,52
493
828
,011
95 0
32,7
1693
743
,648
91.1
Em
ploy
ed53
.128
96 3
648,
010
94.2
25,7
5192
570
,444
93.3
112,
692
93.1
27,7
5594
232
,491
93.1
43,0
0689
9
Ful
l-tim
e50
,800
92 1
618,
069
89 9
23,5
4684
.5Q
4,03
384
810
4,85
686
.725
,015
84 9
28,0
0380
,238
,778
80 9
Par
t-tim
t.64
61
26,
612
1 0
1,27
946
3,39
64.
53,
640
301,
028
3.5
2,63
37.
51,
823
38F
ull o
r pa
rt ti
me
not
repo
rted
1,68
230
23.3
293.
492
533
31,0
154.
04,
195
3.5
1,71
25.
81,
855
5.3
2,50
55
2
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mpl
oyed
244
0 4
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10
827
11.
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660.
783
20
725
50
922
50
654
21
1
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in la
bor
forc
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171
2 1
23,5
593
41,
558
5 6
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54
55,
332
4.4
997
3.4
1,43
04
13,
259
6 8
Em
ploy
men
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atus
not
repo
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617
11
10,4
751
5.27
01.
010
641.
42,
138
1.8
483
1.6
755
2,2
1,03
02
1.
Prim
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wor
k ac
tivity
'
Res
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h an
d de
velo
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t._
.3,
131
5 9
211,
720
32 7
3,29
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9,41
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.749
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44.1
7,40
826
.52,
959
9.0
5,35
812
3
Man
agem
ent o
r ad
min
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atio
n6,
665
12 6
197,
743
30 5
4,73
418
318
,109
25.9
25,2
8522
.66,
535
23 4
5,94
418
,111
,457
26.3
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chin
g.
,,
,1,
729
3.3
14,3
562.
29,
498
36 8
16,9
2924
.214
,793
13.2
3,46
512
.48,
878
27.0
14,9
9634
4
Pro
duct
ion
and
insp
ectio
n1.
369
2 6
104,
803
16 2
1,00
53
95,
008
7 2
11,6
8610
.42,
088
7.5
533
1.6
1,55
13
6
Con
sulti
ng.
..
3,40
66
440
.748
6 3
590
2.3
3,73
95.
32,
644
2 4
2,86
310
312
,120
36.9
2,24
35
1
Rep
ort w
ritin
g, s
tatis
tical
wor
k, a
ndco
mpu
ter
appl
icat
ions
35,2
4066
436
,529
5 6
5,89
922
.82,
615
3 7
2,83
12.
52,
136
7.6
844
2.6
4,57
410
5
Oth
er o
r no
t rep
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d.
1,51
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941
,668
6 4
821
3 2
4,17
06
05,
395
4.8
3,43
512
.31,
548
4.7
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9
Typ
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em
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Edu
catio
nal i
nstit
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3,28
56
220
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3 1
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,651
42 4
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55,
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20.9
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.820
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Fed
eral
Gov
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3,77
97.
156
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8,8
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13,3
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,675
10.4
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.71,
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4.9
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8
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over
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t4,
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9 3
61,0
369
41,
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7 6
7,76
611
.16,
334
5.7
3,12
5i 1
.25,
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15.5
6,13
414
.1
Non
prof
it or
gani
zatio
n.
1,81
43.
413
,424
2 1
696
2.7
2,79
94.
04,
989
4.5
502
1.8
3,70
411
33,
101
7 1
Indu
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or
busi
ness
..
..
38,3
7872
347
7,60
873
27,
138
27 6
15,4
15n2
2.0
61,1
8754
611
,603
41.5
3,50
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.77,
272
16 7
Sel
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..
.44
70.
813
,684
2164
0.2
379
0561
80.
61,
839
6.6
1,72
25.
274
01.
7
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tary
. ..
..
.25
80
52,
427
0,4
132
0.5
132
0.2
162
0.1
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)N
ot r
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...
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32,
362
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0.5
535
0.8
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0.6
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316
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573
1 3
Med
ian
annu
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..
$18,
383
$19,
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... $
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$19,
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...$1
9,92
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..
$19,
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ent o
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s P
-23,
No.
53.
Table 174. -- Federal funds obligated for educationalresearch and development, by sponsoring agency:
United States., 1969 to 1975
[In millions of dollars)
Agency 1969 1971 1973 1975'
1 2 3 4. 5
Total S168.4 S198.4 $230.9 $210.1
Department of Health,Education, and Welfare
National tnifitute ofEducation' . .. , 84 1 75 7 118.4 130 0
Office of Education 18 0 68 5 58 4 15 5Office of Child
Development' ,8 0 19 8 30.9 33 6National Institutes
of Health . 11.9 16.3 4 0 4 4
National Science.Foundation 364 183 193 266
' Estimated' Includes education programs of the Office of EconomicOpportunity officially transferred to ME in 1974'Includes OCD Head Start and research and demonstrationPrograms as well as the 0E0 child development programsofficially. Aransferred to OCD in 1974
NOTE -8e Cause c.r rounding, details may not add to totals
SOURCE National Science Foundation NSF 74-313, AnAnalysis of Federal R&D Funding by Function
Table 175. -Funds used in the performance of basicresearch, applied research, and development:
United States. 1975
[In millions of dollars]
Performer TotalBasic
researchAppliedresearch
Develop-ment
1 2 3 4 5
Total . . . . $34,345 $4,085 S7,990 $22,270
Ferl.ral Government 5,200 655 1,955 2,590Industry 23,860 660 4,370 18.830Colleges and
universities . 4,010 2,490 1,060 460Other nonprof it
institutions 1.275 280 605 390
NOTE --Data are estimates
SOURCE National Science Foundation, NSF 75-307, NationalPatterns of R&D Resources, Funds and Manpower inthe United States, 1953--1975
, Table 176.--Federal research and development. expenditures related to total Federal budget'
outlays: United Sates, 1940 to 1975
[Amounts in millions]
Fiscal yearTotal
budgetoutlays'
Federalresearch,
development,and R&D
plantexpenditures'
R&Dexpendituresas percent oftote , .dget
,0 ay
1 2 3 4
1940 $9,589 $74 0.81941 . 13,980 198 1,41942 . 34.500 280 .81943 78,909 602 .81944 93,956 1377 1.5
1945 95,184 1,591 1 71946 61,738 918 1.51947 . . . 36,931 ' 900 2.41948 . 36,493 855 2 31949 40.570 1,082 2.7
1950 . . 43,147 1,083 2.51951 45,797 1301 2 81952 . 67,962 1,816 2 71953 . . 76,769 3.101 4.01954 70,890 3,148 4 4
1955 . 68.509 3,308 4 81956 . 70,460 3,446 4 91957.. 76,741 4,462 5 81958 82575 4,991 6 01959 92,104 5,806 6.3
1960 92,223 7,744 8 41961 97,795 9,287 9.51962 . 106,813 10,387 9 71963 . 111,311 12,012 10 81964 118.584 14,707 12 4
1965 118,430 14,889 12.61966 134,652 16,018 11 91967 158,254 16,859 10 71968 178,833 17,049 9 51969 184,543 16348 8 9
1970 . 196.588 15,736 8 01971 .. 211,425 15,992 7 61972 231,876 16,743 7 21973 . 246,526 17,510 7.11974' 268,392 18,552 6.919753 313,446 20,154 6.4
"Outlays" incLide expenditures plus net :ending Data throughfiscal year 1953 are in terms of the "Consolidated CashStatement" and data beginning with fiscal year 1954 are interms of the "Unified Budget " For purposes of providing trendInformation, the data are considered to be reported ongenerally comps able basis
313eginning in fiscal year 1953, amounts include pay andallowances of military personnel in research and development.
'These estimates are based on amounts shown in The Budgetand do not reflect congressional appropriations or changesmade by executive action subsequent to budget submission
NOTE -R&D expenditures are reported by Federal agencies anddiffer slightly from data based on performer reports used insubsequent tables.
SOURCES (1) Office of Management and Budget, and Bureauof the Budget, The Budget of the United ratesGovernment, fiscal years 1940 through 1976 (2)National Science Foundation, annual sury ys,Federal Funds for Research, Development, .indOther Scientific Activities
184
195
Table 177.-Research and development funds related to the gross national product:United States, 1953 to 1975
[Amounts in millions of dollars]
YearGross
nationalproduct
Resea rch andr develop ent funds
Total
As percentof grossnationalproduct
1 2 3 4
1953 $364,593 $5,128 1.41
1954 , 364,841 5,651 1.55
1955 397,960 6,182 1.55
1956 419,238 8,375 2.001957 441,134 9,791 2.22
1958 447,334 10,734 2.401959 483,650 12,384 2.561960 503,755 13,551 2.691961 520,109 14,346 2.76
1962 560,325 15,426 2.75
1963 590,503 17,093 2.891964 632,410 18,894 2.99
1965 684,884 20,091 2.93
1966 21,804 2.921967
749,857793,927 23,205 2.92
1968 864,202 24,669 2.85
1969 930,284 25,686 2.761970 977,080 26,047 2.671971 1,054,915 26,745 2.541972 1,157,996 28,402 2.45
1973 ...... 1,294,919 30,427 7351974 1,397,400 ' 32,045 2.291975 (') 1 34,345 (2)
' Preliminary data.2 Data not available.
SOURCES. (1) National Science Foundation, NSF 75-307, NationalPatterns of R&D Resources, Funds and Manpower in the United States,1953-1975. (2) U.S Department of Commerce, Bureau of EconomicAnalysis, Survey of Current Business, July issues.
Table 176. -- Sources of funds used for research and development: United States, 1953 to 1975[In millions of dollars]
Year TotalFed:aral
GovernmentIndustry
Collegesand
universities
Othernonprofitinstitutions
1 2 3 4 5 6
1953 . . . .$5,128 $2,759 $2.239 $72 $58
1954 . . . 5,651 3,138 2,367 80 66
1955 .. . 6,182 3,509 2513 88 72
1956 8,375 4,859 3,336 96 84
1957 . 9,791 6,119 3,460 109 103
1958 . 10,734 6,791 3,700 121 122
1959 . . . 12,384 8,059 4,057 134 134
1960 . ... 13,51 8,752 4,508 149 142
1961 . . . 14,346 9,264 4,749 165 168
1962 . . . 15,426 9,926 5;114 185 201
1963 . . . . 17,093 11,219 5,449 207 218
1964 18,894 12,553 5,880 235 226
1965 .. . 4. 20,091 13,033 6,539 267 252
1966 . . . 21,894 13,990 7,317 303 284
1967 . 23,205 14,420 8,134 345 306
1968 . 24,669 14,952 8,997 391 329
1969 . 25,686 14,914 9,998 420 354
1970 . 26,047 14,764 10,434 461 388
1971 26,745 14,982 10,817 529 417
1972 . . . 28,402 15,875 11.508 576 443
1973 . . 30,427 16,472 12,880 604 471
1974' . 32,045 16,955 13,916 683 491
1975' . . 34,345 18,160 14,935 730 520
EstimatedSOURCE National Science Foundation, NSF 75-307, National Patterns of R&D Resources, Funds and Manpower in the United
States, 1953-4975.
185
196
Table 179. -Sources of funds used for besii research: United States, 1953 to 1975tin millions of dollars]
Year Total FederalGovernment Industry
C., iageSend
universities
Othernonprtfit
institutions1 2 3 4 5
1953 $426 $234 $148 $10 $341954 . 478 265 161 15 , 371955 . . 530 286 183 21 401956 . 661 345 239 30 '. 471957 . 760 40e 256 39 57 .1958 . . 864 460 282 50 72195%.1960 .. 1,03W
1,183609 280
3316072
81871961 . 1,378 841 350 85 1021962 . 1,695 1,091 382 102 120
1963 1,974 ..._ 1,310 414 121 1291964 . 2,301 1,595 424 144 1381965 -2,572 1,817 448 164 1431986 - 2,825 1,986 496 , ,- 1g6 1471967 . 3,029 2,173 477 223 1561968 . . 3,286 2,327 518 276 1651969 . 3,378 2,386 5191, 298 1751970 . 3,548 2,469 536 350 . 1931971 3,544 2,379 556 400 2091972 . . 3,705 2,528 528 428 2211973 3,800 2,605 561 416 2181974' 3,991 2,724 594 434 2391975' 4,085 2,765 625
4445 250
I Estimated
SOURCE National Science Foundation, NSF 75-307, National Patterns of R&D Resources, Funds and Manpower in the UnitedStates, 1953-1975. - ,
Table 180.--Number and percent of minority students' attending public elementary and secondary schools,by geographic area and level of isolation: Fall 1970 and fall 1972
Level of isolationCon tinental
United States'
.....'az Northern andWestern States'
6 Border Statesand D C.'
11 SouthernStates'
1970 1972 1970 1972 1970 1972 1970 19721 2 * 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Toad enrollment
Minority enrollmentNumberPercent of total . .
Minorities, by level of isolationAttending 0-49.9% minority schools
Number . . . .
Percent . . . . . .Attending 50-100.56 minority schools
NumberPercent .
Attending 80-100% minority. schoolsNumber .
PercentAttending 90- 100% minority schools
Numb^r .
Percent .
Attending 95-100% minority schoolsNumber . . . . . , .
PercentAttending 99 -100% Minority sc. hools
NumberPercent
Attending 100% minority schoolsNumber .
Percent .
44,910,403 44,645,625 30,131,132 29,116,241 3,724,167 3,742,703 11,064,403 10,967,690
9,394,18420.9*
9,676,373 5,143,63921.7 17.1I-
5,350,00017.9
690,55318.5
710,81819 0
3,559,99232.2
3,615,25532.9
3,510,20037.4
5,683,98362 6
4,137,47644 0
3,475,215,., 37,9
2,959,56931.5
2,015,41421 5
$86,532,,, - 10 5
-
3,833,062 1,966,96639.6 37.1
5,843,309 3,236,67060 4 62.9
3,948,269 2,324,85849.8 45 2
3,2802,961 1,930,72233 9 37.5
2,781,893 1,611,06928 7 31.3
1,835,957 1,018,398190 19.8
787,791 398,6258.1 7 7
'2,001,674
' 37.4
3,348,62562.6
2,374,97144 4
1,985,65937 1
1,669,40931.2
1,057,76419.8
369,1396.9
230,62133 4
--459,932
66 6
39693957.5
375,01154.3
350,96750.8
293,19142.5
154,65722.4
-262,348
36 9
448 47163.1
390,01354.9
364,64851.3
345,21148.6
278,38039.2
153,768' -21.6
1,372,61238.6
2,187,37761.4
1,415,67939.8
1,169,48232.9
997,53328.0
703,82519.8
433,25012.2
1,569,04043.4
2,046,213156 6
1,183,2867:9
932,65425.8
767,27321.2
499,81313,8
264,8847.3
Include: American Indians, Blacks, Orientals, and students wi hSpanish surnames
'49 States and the District of Columbia Excludes Hawaii'Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Idaho, Illinois,Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota,Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey. NewMexico, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania,Rhode Island, South Dakota. Utah, Vermont, Washington, Wisconsin,and Wyoming
'Delaware, District of Columbia, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri,Oklahoma, and West Virginia
Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, NorthCarolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia.
NOTE -Data are based on surveys of all school districts enrolling 3,000or more students and a sample of smaller districts enrolling 300 or morestudents Because of computer rounding, details may not add to totals.
SOURCE U S Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Officefor Civil Rights, Fall 1972 Racial and Ethnic Enrollment in PublicElementary and Secondary Schools.
186
197
Table 181.-Number and percent of minority students attending public elementary and secondary schools,
by level of isolation and minority group: United States,' fall 1970 and fall 1972
Minority group Number
I--
Per.cent
6 Level of Isolation
0-49.9percentminority
50-100percent
minority
80-100percentminority
90-100percentminority
95-100percentminority
99-100percent
minority
100percent
minority
1 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Total enrollment, all students:1970 44,910,403 100.0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ...1972 44,646,525 100.0 ... ... ... ...
Black enrollment:1970 6,712,789 14.9 33.1 66.9 49.4 43.3 38.2 28.0 14.0
1972 6,796,238 15.2 36.3 63.7 45.2 39.2 348 25.1 11.2
SpangshsuFnemed enrollment:1970 2,275,041 5.1 44.2 55.8 33.1 22.9 16.3 5.8 1.8
1972 2,414,179 5.4 43.5 56.5 32.9 23.4 16.0 5.2 1.0
American Inchon enrollment:1972 232,766 0.5 65.4 34.6 23.3 16.4 10.7 2.2 1.7
Oriental enrollment:1972 233,190 0.5 70.6 29.4 11.2 6.7 3.8 1.0 0.1
' Excluding Hawaii SOURCE: VS. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare,Office for Civil Rights, Fall 1972 Racial and Ethnic Enrollmentin Public Elementary and Secondary Schools.
Table 182.-Estimated median achievement test scores for 1st- and 12th-grade pupils, by racial or ethnic group:United States, fall 1965
ti"\.,
Test
tRacial or ethnic group
Puerto RicanAmerican
IndianMexicansAmerican
OnentelAmerican Black White
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1st grade:Nonverbal 45.8 53.0 50.1 56.6 43.4 54.1
Verbal 44.9 47.8 46.5 51.6 45.4 53.2
1 2thArads:Nonverbal 43.3 47.1 45.0 51.6 40.9 52.0
Verbal 43.1 43.7 43.8 49.6 40.9 52.1
Reading 42.6 44.3 44.2 48.8 42.2 51.9
Mathematics 43.7 45.9 45.5 51.3 41.8 51.8
General Information 41.7 44.7 43.3 49.0 40.6 52.2
43.1 45.1 44.4 50.1 41.1 52.0Average of the 5 tests
NOTE.:-This table presents the results of standard achievementtests of certain intellectuol ski": uch as reading, writing,calculating, and problem solving. The tests were designed tomeasure the skills which are the most important in our societyfor getting good Job and moving up to better one, anti forfull _participation in an increasingly technical world.
scores in each test were standardized so that theover the national sample equaled 50 and the standard
deviation equaled 10. This means that for all pupils in theNation, about 16 percent would score below 40 and about 16percent would score above 60.
SOURCE. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare,National Center for Education Statistics, Commissioner's re-port: Equality of Educational Opportunity, .luly 2, 1966.
198,187
Table 163.--National Assessment of Educational Progress for age 9, by subject and by selectedcharacteristics of participants: United States, 1969-73
Selected characteristics of participants Science Writing Citizen-ship Reading
Liters
tureMusic
Socialstudies
Mathe-maims
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
National median p' . . . ........ . . . . 63.2 28.3 64.1 70.4 43.9 58.8 72.2 36.7
Median delta p' (difference fromnational medians)
.).
Region.Southeast -45.1 -3.1 -2.1 ' -5.9 -4.0 -2.8 -2.3 -5.6West -0.1 -1.5 0.0 -0.9 -0.5 -1:9. -2.4 0.0Central . . , . ... .... . . . . . 1.6 08 0.1 ' 2,9 ' 24 1.5 1.0 ... 1.9Northwest . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 3.5 1.9 2.1 0.6 3.2 2.9 2.9
Sex.Male . 0 8 -4.0 0.1 -2 4 -0.7 -0.3 0 4 0.7Female . . , . . . . . . . -1.0 4 1 -0 2 2.3 0.6 0.3 -0.4 -0.7
Race.
Black -14.6 -12 6 1. -8.9 -16.3 -12.9 -7.9 -11.2 -12.9White . . . . . . . 3.1 2.6 19 2.8. 2.1 2.0 2.5 2.9Other ...... -10.4 -12 0 -8.9 -7 4 -8.6 -7.8 . . . -6.4
Parental education''`No high school . . . . . . n. . . -7.2 -11.3 -5.5 -9 1 -7.3 -5.9 -6.6 -6.9Some high school . . . . -4.8 -5.5 -3 3 -4.8 -4 2 -4.6 -2 8 -3 5Graduated h gh school . . 0.5 0.0 0.4 0 7 0.5 0.1 0.5 0.3Post high school . . . . . . . . . 5.8 61 3.9 6.8 5.8 5.0 5.5 5.8,Unknown . . . -4 6 -4.5 5 3 -i. 7 -4 F -3.1 . -.. -3.1
Size and type of communityLow metropolitan . . -151 -142 -5.7 -14.3 -9.4 -88 -111 -108Extreme rural . . . . -6 3 -4 6 -3.3 -4.4 -3.6 -2 7 -2.8 -3.6Small place . . . . 0 9 -0.6 0.0 -0.6 0 3 0.1 0.5 -0 5Medium city . . . . . . . . 08 2.1 1.4 0.1 -1 2 0.5 0.2 0.8Main big city . -2 7 -2 9 -0.3 1 4 -0.5 0.0 -0 2 -0.9Urban fringe . . . . 2 6 24 04 2.1 24 03 0.6 2.4High metropolitan 7.2 5.8 34 84 7.5 5.5 6.7 8.1
' The median delta p is a single number used in NationalAssessment to describe a group's performance. The percentcorrect, or the p, for an exercise (test item) can be expressedfor the Nation as a whole or for any of the National Assessmentgroups. The difference between these percentages is the delta pfor the exercise The median delta p for a group is the medianOf all delta p's for the group
NOTE -Data are for the following years'1969-70 Science, Writing, Citizenship1970-71: Reading, Literature1971-72 Music, Social Studies1972-73 Mathematics
SOURCE Taken from material available in the files of NationalAssessment of Educational Progress, 1860 Lincoln Street,Denver, Colorado 80203. September, 1975.
19)188
Table 184.--National Assessment oftEducational Progress for age 13, by subject and by selected
characteristits of participants: United States, 1969-73- 11
Selected characteristics of participants Science WritingOmen-
shipReading
Litera-ture
MusicSocialstudies
Mathe-matics
. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9,
National median p' 58.3 55.4 63.1 68.1 53.4 48.9 66.2 51.303
Median delta p' (difference from v..s,
national medians)) i
RegionSoutheast . . . . . . . -4 8 -5 1 -3.4 -4.8 -3.7 -2.2 -3.5 -5.0West . . . . . -0.5 -0 6 -0.4 -0.3 1.2 -0.6 -1.2 -2.0Central . . . . . . 1.9 1.6 1.1 2.3 0.8 1.5 1.5 2.5
Northeast . . . 2 0 1 8 2 6 6 el0 2.1 1.1 0.5 3.0 3.9
Sex.
Male . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 -3.4 0.3 -2 5 -1.6 -0.9 0.1 0.4
Female .. . . . . -1 4 3.2 .-0.4 2.3 1.6 09 -0.1 -0.4
Race.(flack . . . . -15.T -13.3 -7.1 -15.6 -12.4 -5.9 -13.3 -18.5White . . . . . . 3.1 3.0 16 2.7 2.3 11 2.3 3.9
Other . . . . -9.9 -12.6 -8.6 -4.0 -0 7 -4.1 ... -10 9
Parental education.No high school ' . . . -11.8 -9.3 -96 -11 9 -9 5 -5.1 -8.4 -11.9Some high school . . . -62 -7 4 -6 3 -4.5 -3 7 -3.2 -5 5 -8.1Graduated high school . ,, -1.4 -20 -14 06 -03 -0.1 -04 -0.1
Post high school . . . . 5 1 5 5 3.9 6.7 5.9 3 3 6.4 8.3
Unknown . . . -7 7 -6 3 -6 3 -10.4 -9.9 -5.4 .. -11.7
Size and type of communityLow metropolitan . . . . . -13 7 -10 5 -6.0 -8 1 -5.4 -4.5 -8.7 -14.9Extreme rural . . -6.2 -6 3 -4 3 -3.9 -3 1 -1.4 -2.6 -2.1
Small place . . . 0.5 -0 7 -0 3 -0 5 -0 6 0.1 -0.5 -0.1
Mediuns,city . . . . . . 1 9 1 8 1 0 0.4 0 0 0.3 0.5 0 5
Main big city . . . . -3 9 -0 4 0 0 -1 3 -0.8 -1 0 -0.2 -1.0Urban fringe . . . 2.8 1 8 0 8 2.2 1.3 0.0 0.7 1 5
High metropolitan .. 6 2 7,5 4 3 5.6 5 5 3.4 7.3 10.2
' The median delta p is a single number used in National
Assessment 1.o describe a group's performance The percentcorrect, or the p, for an exercise (test item) can be expressedfor the Nation as a whole or for any of the National Assessmentgroups. The difference between these percentages is the delta pfor the exercise The median delta p for a group is the medianof all delta p's for the group
1M
NOTE -Data are for the following years1969-70. Science, Writing, Citizenship1970-71. Reading, Literature1971-72. Music, Social Studies1972-73. Mathematics
SOURCE: Taken frorri material available in the files of NationalAssessment of Educational Progress, 1860 Lincoln Street,Denver, Colorado 80203. September, 1975.
200
189
Table 185.--National Assessment of Educational Progress for age 0, by subject and by selectedcharacteristics of participants: United States, 1969-73
Select d characteristics of participants Science WritingCitizen-
shipReading
Literslure
_Music
, Socialstudiws
Mathe-manes
1 2 3 . 4 5 6 7 8 9
National median po 47.0 62.5' 61.8 77.5 61.3 49 2 73.8 57.1'
Median delta p1 (difference fromnational medians)
Region. .
Southeast .. . . . . . , , . . -5.0 -7.8- -64 -4.9 -4.4 -1.6 -2.8 -5.2West . . . . ..... . . . . 1.6 A.i' 2.4 -0 1 0.4 -0.8 -1.4 -0.4Central -0.1 2.2 1.0 1.8 1 2 1.4 1.4 1.3Northeast 2 6 0.1 1.9 1.5 1.1 0.5 2.5 3.4
Sex:
Male . . ......... . . 2.8 -3.4 0.4 -2.0 -1.1 -0.9 0.6 2.3Female . . . . . -2.4 3.0 -0 4 1 9 _?'.0 0.8 -0.6 -2.2
Race
Black . . . . . . -11.9 -19 8 -9.8 -16.4 -13.9 -5.6 -13.3 -21 0White . . . .. 2.0 2 8 1.7 2.2 1.9 1.2 2.6 . 4.0Other . . .
Parental education
-6 8 -8.2 -6.1 -3.5 -3 6 -7 2 ... -11 0
No high school . . -84 -10.8 -9.1 -11.1 -10.9 -7.6 -12.3 -14.4Some high school -7 7 -10.7 -8.6 -6.0 -6.5 -4 3 -6.1 -11.3Graduated high school . 01 1.2 0.3 -0.3 -0.6 -0.3 -0.5 -1.3Post high school ...... . . . . . 5.0 6.4 5.0 5,6 6.9 3.6 5.6 8.8Unknown . . . -9 1 -11 8 -11.0 -7 9 -9.4 -6.9 .. -14.2
Size and type of communityLow metropolitan . . . . . -7 4 -104 -4.8 -7.7 -7.2 -3.3 -6.3 -14 0Extreme rural . . -3.6 -4 1 -48 -2.6 -2.4 -1.3 -2.1 -4.1Small place . . . . -1.5 0 0 -1.9 -1 4 -0.7 -0 5 -0 4 0.3Medium city . . . 1.2 1 6 1 1 0 8 0.2 0 5 0.9 1 8Main big city . . . . . 0.2 -0.6 0.3 1 3 -0,6 -0 4 -0.9 -2 4'Urban fringe . . , , . 09 3.0 2.4 1.2 1.1 0.5 1.0 1 8High metropolitan 5 1 6.6 5.3 5.6 5.3 3 5 6.5 9.9
'The median delta p is a single number used in NationalAssessment to describe a group's performance. The percentcorrect, or the p, for an exercise (test item) can be expressedfor the Nation as a whole or for any of the National Assessmentgroups The difference between these percentages is the delta pfor the exercise The median delta p for a group is the medianof all delta p's for the group.
NOTE -Data are for the following years1969-70: Science, Writing, Citizenship1970-71 Reading, Literature1971-72 Music, Social Studies1972-73 Mathematics
SC. JRCE Taken from material available in the files of NationalAssessment of Educational Progress, 1860 Lincoln Street,Denver, Colorado 80203. September, 1975
'Table 186.--National Assessment of Educational Progress for young adults (ages 26-361, by subject and
by selected characteristics of participants: United State's: 1969-73
Selected characteristics of participants Science WritingCitizen -
shipReading
Lava.tura
MusicSocialstudies
Maths-matics
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
National median p'
Median delta p' (difference fromnational medians)
RegionSoutheast . . . . .
WestCentral . . .....Northeast . . . .
Sex
Male . . ..Female . . . .
Race
Black . .
White . . .
Other .
Parental educationNo nigh school ..S.rme high school . .
Graduated high school .
Post nigh school . .
Unknown . . . .
Size and type of communityLow metropolitan .
Extreme rural , .
Small place .
Medium city .
Medium big cityUrban fringeHigh metropolitan
.
. . . .
. . . . .
'
. . . .
.
. . . .
.
. .
. . .
.
.. .
. .
.
.
. . ..
51.2
-5.02.40.60 6
5.2-47
-15 92.6
-10 9
-8 0--1
3.09 0
-16 8
-10 2-47-2 8
0 3-2 9
0 710 8
58.4 '
'-8.11.4
, 2.9*.9
-2.32.1
--18 93 2
-16 1
-11 0-1 9
4.912 5
-21 2
-10 9-6.5-3.2
0 3-8 2
1 1
13.2
60.4
-5.0' 1.7
1.00.9
1.4-1.3
-9.71.5
-7.7
-6 5-0.9
2.47.5
-14 2
-6 0-4.0-2.3-1 1-2.2
0 38 6
83.5
-8.f2.21.31.0
0.2-0.3
-18.72.4
-5.4
-6.6-0.4
2.87 9
-19.1
.
.
..
64.0
..-732.30.02.4
I /
i.6.%,I
-16.42.1
-3,9
-8.7-1 5
1.810.1
-14.5
. .
..
...
...
41.5
-3.90.1
0.91.8
-0.909
-9.01.7
-9.5
-6.9-2.1
1.3
9.0-10.4
-6.8-4.4- 0.7
0.4-1.2
0 58.7
72.4
-5.11,91.303
2.3-2.2
-18.02.9...
-9.3-1.8
' 3.29.4. .
-12 7-3.0
0.6OA
-2.21.68.7
59.3
-3.4130.90.4
5.4-5.0
-24.53.9
-12.4
-9.7-4.8
3.012.2
-22.4
-14.5-2.3
0 10.8
-0.10.4
10.0
' The median delta p is a single number used in NationalAssessment to describe a group's performance The percentcorrect, or the p, for an exercise (test item) can be expressedfor the Nation as a whole or for any of the National Assessmentgroups. The difference between these percentages is the delta pfor the exercise. The median delta p for a group is the medianof all delta p's for the group
191
NOTE -Data are for the following years'1969-70 Science, Writing, Citizenship1970-71 Reading, Literature1971-72 Music, Social Studies1972-73 Mathematics
SOURCE Taken from material available in the files of NationalAssessment of Educational Progress, 1860 Lincoln Street,Denver, Colorado 80203 September, 1975. '
J2
Digest of Educational Statistics
IN DEXPage
A
Accounting, degrees conferred 103, 109Additions to plant value, higher education . . . 130Administrative units (school districts) . . . 12, 55.57Adult education:
expenditures, public schools 69participants in 136-137
Adult and vocational education 135-141
Age:enrollment by 8-9
of college stiftlents 84, 87Agriculture:
degrees conferred 102, 108enrollment for advanced degrees 85-86enrollment, vocational education 138-139formal awards, organized occupational
curriculums 12C-121
All levels of education `.-29
American college students abroad 173Annual expenditure per pupil, public elementary
and secondary schools 7:Annual salary. (See: Salaries.)Annuity funds, higher education 125, 128App!ied research funds 153, 156, 184Architecture:
degrees conferred 102,108enrollment for advanced degrees 85.86
Area studies, degrees conferred 102, 108Art, degrees conferred 105, IllAssociate degrees 119Auxiliary enterprises, higher
education 122, 125, 130Average instruction rooms 58
Average daily membership 33
Average length of school year 33-34
B
Bachelor's degrees 101-113, 115Bacteriology, degrees conferred 102, 108Basic administrative units 12, 55-57Basic research tunds 152, 156, 184, 186Biochemist. y , degrees conferred 102, 108Biological sciences'
degrees conferred 102, 108enrollment for advance,d degrees 35-86
-
193
203
PageBiology, degrees conferred 102, 108Board rates 129,
Bond elections, results of 65
Book and periodical prices 181-182Botany, degrees conferred 102, 108Business and management:
degrees conferred 103, 109enrollment for advanced degrees 85.86formal awardi, organized occupational
curriculums 121
Business education, degrees conferred 104, 110
C
Capital outlay:all levels-of education 17, 27higher education. (See. Additions to plant value.)public elementary and secondary
schools 66.69, 71Catholic schools:
elementary and secondary 44Institutions of higher education 100
Chemistry, degrees conferred 106, 112Church affiliation:
elementary and secondary schools 44institutions of higher education 100
City school systems 40Classrooms. (See: Instruction rooms.)
iorn teachers:nonpublic elementary and secondary
schools 44, 49, 52public elementary and secondary schools . . 49-52
College faculty. (See: Faculty, higher education )Colley graduates, male, ty field 119College students, selects
characteristics of 84, 87Colleges and universities. (See Institutions
of higher education.)Communications, degrees conferred 103, 109Community colleges, expenditures 69Community services, expenditures . . , . 69Completed instruction rooms 58
Computer and information sciences.degrees conferred 103, 109enrollment foi advanced degrees 85.86
schools 5
Consultants, pubic elementary andsecondary
0.
Pat.,Current expenditures: -
all levels of edu non 24,higher education 130-131public elementary and secondary schools . . 66-71
Current-fund income, higher education . . 122-125
Daily attendance as a percent of enrollinent 33:34Degrees, earned:
associate 119,bachelor's, first-professional, masters,
doctor's 101-108by sex 102-114, 1 18 -1 19dentistry 114engineering 104-105, 110.111, 115historical summary 115law 106, 112, 114major field of study 102-114medicine 114
Denominational affiliation:elementary and secondary schools 44institutions of higher education 100
Dentistry:degrees conferred 114enrollment for professional degrees 85
Development funds 156, 184-185Distributive occupations, enrollment . . , 138-139Districts, school 12, 55-57Doctor's degrees 101-113, 115-118Dormitory rooms, charges for 129Draftees failing mental test 19ah.Dramatic arts, degrees conferred 105,111 VDropouts:
employment of 169-170percent of population 14 to 24 59
E
Earned degrees. (See: Degrees, earned.)Earnings by years of school completed 21.22Economics, degrees conferred 107, 113Education:
adult 136-137all levels 5-29degrees conferred 103-104, 109-110elementary and secondary 31-71enrollment for advanced degrees 85.86exceptional children 6-7, 38Federal programs 143.166handicapped pupils 38higher ,73-134related to 167-169structure 4vocational 138-141
Education in the United States structure of 4Educational administration and supervision,
degrees conferred 104, I ID
194
PageEducational attainment 13.16Educational exchange ,program grants 154Educational research expenditures 134Educational television 163Elementary and secondary education 31.71Elementary and Secondary Education. Act 159,165-166Elementary education, degrees conferred . . 103, 109Elementary schools:
nonpublic 12, 44, 57public 12, 57
Employment:golleg,e graduates 170, 172high school graduates and dropouts . . -171
Endowment funds 125, 128, 133Engineering:'degrees conferred 104-105, 110-111, 115enrollment for advanced degrees 85-86enrollment, higher education 86graduates, organized occupational
curriculums 120English:
degrees conferred 106, 112enrollment, public high schools 47-48
Enrollment:adult education 136-137advanced degrees 85-86ages 3-34 and 5-34 8-9all levels of education 6-9by age 8-9by grade 36by race 8by sex 8elementary schools:
nonpublic 42-45public 32, 34, 36, 40.43
engineering 86English, public secondary
schools 47-48exceptional children 6-7, 38foreign languages:
advanced degrees 8346public secondary schools 45, 47-46
higher education:,advanced'elegreest 85-86by sex-' .74,78-79, 81.85, 87-89by type of institution 80-81, 98degree-credit 75.77, 79, 82engineering 86first-professional degrees 75, 81, 85first-time 76, 82-83full-time 74,78, 81, 85graduate 75, 80.81, 85-86non-degree-credit 75, 81 rpart-time 74, 78, 81, 85privately controlled institutions . . 74, 79-82, 98publicly controlled institutions . . 74, 79-82, 98resident 77, 80
204
Page2-year colleges 80-81, 88, 98taidergraduate 75, 80-81
high schools. (See: Secondary schools.)kindergartens 36, 42, 46-47land-grant insitutions 134large cities 40mathematics:
advanced degrees 85-86public secondary schools 47.48.
preprimary programs 46-47
advanced degrees 85.86public secondary schools 47-48
secondary schools:nonpublic . 37, 42-45public 32, 34, 36-37,4043
social sciences, advanced degrees 85.86social sciences, public sect. Mary schools . . . 47-48special education for exceptional children.. 6, 7 382-year colleges 80-81, 88, 98vocational education 138-139, 141
Exceptional children, enrollment:public day -schools 38residential schools 6-7, 38
Expenditures:adult educationall levels of educationby source of fundscommunity collegescommunity serviceseducational researchFederal Governmenthigher educationinstructional materialslibrariesper pupil, public schoolsper student, higher educationpublic elementary and secondary schools . . . 66-71pupil transportation 39State and local governments 26, 28-29summer schools, public elementary and
secondary 69vocational education 139-140
6924-29
266969
18426, 150-155
130-132166
179-18171
127
F
Faculty, higher educationabroad 173
by academic rank 90-91, 93, 95by field of highest degree 92by sex 89, 91-95by type of institution 92-95demograptic and background characteristics. 90, 94professional background and academic
activities 90, 92-93Faculty salaries 95-96Federal programs for eduCation 143-166Federally affected areas, aid to 152, 159
195
PageFees, higher education students 129Fellowship programs, Federal 157Field of study:
coney graduates, male, in population 119earned degrees 102-114enrollment:
advanced degrees 85-86public secondary schools 45, 4748
Finances. (See: Capital outlay, CurrenteXpenditudes, Expenditures, Income,Property, Receipts, Salaries.)
Fine and applied arts:degrees conferred 35, 1 1 1
enrollment for advanced degrees 85-86First-profeeional degrees 101, 114First-time college students 76, 82-83Foreign languages:. degrees conferred 105, 111enrollment:
advanced degrees 85-86public high schools 45, 4748
Foreign students in American colleges - 77, 174-176Forestry, degrees conferred 102, 1084-year institutions:
enrollment 80-81, 98number 98-99
French:degrees conferred 105, 111enrollment, public secondary schools 45
Full-time college students 74, 78, 81, 85Funds, Federal, for education 143-166
G
Geography, degrees conferredGeology, degrees conferredGerman:
degrees conferred
107, 113106, 112
105, Illenrollment, public secondary schools . . . . 45
Gifted, speiial education for the 38Gifts and grants, higher education 122, 125, 128Government, degrees conferred 107, il3Grade enrollment 36Graduate students.
by field of study 85-86enrollment 75, 80-81, 85-86
Graduates:nigh school:
number 59-60employment 168-171
institutions of higher education . . 101-109organized occupational curriculums 120-121
Greek, degrees conferred 105, 111Gross national product, mated to
expenditures for education 25, 27Guidance personnel, public elementary
and secondary schools 51
2i5
HPage Page
Instruction room:,abandoned 58
available 58completed 58
Interest on school debt 66-69, 71International educational activities . . . . 77, 173-177Italian:
degrees conferred 105,111enrollment, public secondary schools 45
Health and physical education. enrollment, titpublic high schools 47.48
Handicapped, special education for the 38Health occupations (vocational)
enrollment 138-139Health professions:
degrees conferred 105-106. 111-112, 114enrollment fo-r advanced degrees 85-86
High school graduates:employment 168-171nonpublic 60public 60total 59
High school seniors. Aucationalexperience and personal aspirations 61-62
High schools. (See: Secondary schools.)Higher education 73-134I" torical summary statistics:
higher education 89public elementary and secondary schools . . . 34-35
History, degrees conferred 107, 113Home economics-
degrees conferred 106, 112enrollment
advanced degrees 85-86vocational education 138.139
graduates, organized occupationalcurriculums 120
I
Illiteracy 17-18Income:
all levels of education 23by age 11-12by years of school completed 11.2.-,
higher education 121-129personal 70, 132public elementary and secondary schools . . 6.3-65
Indians. enrollment in Federal schools for 6-7Institutions of higher education:
by control 11. 97.100by denominational affiliation 100by highest level of offering 100by sue 98by type 98-99conferring most doctor's degrees 116-117enrolling largest number of students 78for men. for women, and coeducational . . 97 100receiving most Federal funds . . . . . . . . . 126with large libraries 180
Instructional materials, funds f,)r . 166Instructional staff. elementary
and secondary schools.nonpublic 49 52public . , 49.52
196
,J
Journalism, degrees conferred 103, 109Junior colleges.
enrollment 80-81, 88.98number 88,98-99
Junior high schocIs 59Junior-senior high schools . 59
K_
Kinde-gartens, enrollment 36, 42, 46-47
L
Labor force status of high schoolgraduates and dropouts 168-171
Land -grant institutions 134Latin
degrees conferred 105,111enrollment, public secondary schools 45
Law:degrees conferred 106, 112, 114enrollment for advanced degrees 85-86
Letters, degrees conferred 106, 112Level of school completed 13-16Librarians:
by type of librarypublic elementary and secondary schools 51
Librariescollege d II d university 180-181Federal 179large public 178large university 180public 178-179
Library expenditures:college and university 180-181 ,Federal 179public 179
Library science:dcgrees conferred, 106, 112enrollment for advanced degrees 85-86
Lifetime income by years of school completed . . 22Literature, degrees, conferred 106, 112Local basic administrative units 12, 55-i7Local public school systems. statistics of 41Local sources, receipts from
all levels of education 23
.206
PageLocal sources, receipts from: (Continued)
higher education 122,125public elementary and secondary schools . 63.65
M
Major field of study.college graduates, male, in population 119degrees conferred 102-114enrollment for advanced degrees 85-86
Master's degrees 101-113,115Mathematics:
degrees conferred 106,112enrollment for advanced degrees 85-86enrollment, public high schools 4748
Medical technologies, degrees conferred . . . 105,111Medicine:
degrees conferred 114enrollment for professional degrees 85
Mentally retarded, special education 38Mental tests, draftees failing 19Military sciences, degrees conferred :06,112Minority students:
enrolled in school 8in public elementary and secondary schools 186-187
Music, degrees conferred 105,111Music education, degrees conferred 104,110
NNational Assessment of Educational Progress:
age 9age 13age 17ages 26-35
National Defense Education Act(NDEA) 152-153,161-162,166
National Longitudinal Study 61-62,171Negroes.
enrolled in school 8in public elementary and secondary schools . . 187institutions attended predominantly by 87
Nonpublic elementary and secondary schools:classroom teachers 49,52enrollment 37,4245expenditures 24,26-27graduates 60instructional staff 49,52
188189190191
Occupations:Page
college graduates 170,172high school graduates 170school dropouts 170
Office occupations (vocational) enrollment . 138-139Office Of Education, programs
number 12,44,57Nonrevenue receipts, public elementary
and secondary schools 63Nonsupervisory instructional staff, public
elementary and secondary schools 51Nursing, degrees conferred ....... . . . . 105, 1 11,
0Occupational programs (postsecondary)
enrollment . . . . . . . . ............. . 141
schools offering .... . . . 141
197
administered by 157-163,165-166One-teacher schools, public elementary 57Organized occupational curriculums,
formal awards based on 120-121
PPart-time college students 74,78,81,85Per capita personal income 70Pe; pupil cost of transportation 39Personal income.
per capita 70'elated to expenditures for higher education 132related to expenditures for public
elementary and secondary schoolsPharmacy, degrees conferredPhilosophy, degrees conferredPhysical education, degrees conferred . . .
Physical plant, highei education, value ofPhysical sciences:
degrees conferredenrollment for advanced degrees
Physics, degrees conferredPlant value, higher educationPolitical sci^,1-t, degrees conferredPopulation
by continentby countrycollege-agepercent:
3- to 34-years-old enrolled in school5- to 34-years-old enrolled in schoolwith 4 years of collegewith 4 years of high schoolwith less than 5 years of
elementary schoolschool-age
Postgraduate (high school) enrollmentPreprimary programs, enrollment inPrincipals, public elementary and
secondary schoolsPrivate elementary and secondary schools:
classroom teachers 49,52enrollment 37,4245expenditures 24,26-27graduates 60Instructional staff 49,52number 12,44,57
Pnvate gifts and grants, highereducation 122,125,128
Pnvately controlled institutions ofhigher education:
endowment 133
70105,111106,112104,110
133
106,11285-86
106,112133
107,113
176177
79-80
8-98
'14,1614,16
14,1634-35,37
364647
51
2J7
PagePrivately controlled institutions of
higher education. -(Continued)enrollment 74, 79.82, 98expenditures 130-131faculty salaries 96income 12' -124, 127-129number 12, 97-100physical plant value 133student charges 127, 129
Professional degrees 101, 114Property, higher education, value of 134Protestant schools:
elementary and secondaryinstitutions of higher education
Psychological personnel, public elementaryand secondary schools 51
Psychology: .degrees conferred 10', 113enrollment for advanced degrees 85-86
Public affairs and services, degreesconferred 107, 113
Public elementary and secondary schools:classroom teachers 49-52enrollment 32. 34, 36-37, 40-43expenditures 66-71graduates 60instructional staff 49-52number 12, 57, 59revenue receipts 63-65
Publicly controlled institutions of higher education:endowment 133enrollment 74, 79-82, 98expenditures 130-131faculty salaries 96income 122.124, 127.129number 12, 97-100physical plant value , 133student charges 127, 129
Public school systems 12, 55-57
44100
Pupils:enrollmentexpenditurestransported at public expense
R
I
32-4871
39
Receiptsall levels of education 23higher education ; 122-129public elementary and secondary schools . . . 63-65
Regular 4-year high scho. 's 59Religion, degrees conferred 106-107. 112.113Religious affiliation.
elementary and secondary schools 44institutions of higher education 100
Research and development funds 156, 184.186Residence and migration of college students . . . . 77Residential schools, exceptional
children, enrollment 6-7, 38
198
PageRetention rates 14Revenue receipts, public elementary
and secondary schools 63-65Room znarges 129Russian:
degrees conferred 105,111enrollment, public secondary schools 45
S
Salaries:higher education:
by academic rank 95-96privately controlled institutions 96publicly controlled institutions 96by sex 95by size of institution 96by type of institution 95-96offered degree candidates 172-173
library expenditures for 179-181public elementary-and secondary schools:
classroom teachers 53total instructional staff 54-55
scientists and engineers 183School as 'stance in federally
affected areas 152, 159School bond elections, results of 65School districts 12, 55-57School lunch Program funds 153School retention rates 14School systems 12, 55-57School year, length 33-34School years completed 13-16Schools:
elementaty and secondary:nonpublic 12,44,57public 12, 57, 59
higher educationprivate 12, 97-100public 12, 97-100
Science, enrollment, public high schools 47-48Scientists and engineers, selected
characteristics of 183Secondary education,.degrees conferred . . . 1.03, 109Secondary schools:
nonpublic 12, 44, 57public:
junior high - 59junior-senior high 59senior h.gh " 59total 12, 57, 59traditional 59
Secondary school teachers, by field:nonpublic 52public 52
Statistics related to education in the U.S. 167-191Senior high schools , 59
208
PageSize of enrollment:
institutions of higher education 98school districts 55
Social sciences:degrees conferred 107, 113enrollment, advanced degrees 85-86enrollment, public high schools . . . 47-48
Social work, degrees conferred 107, 113Sociology, degrees conferred 107, 113Spanish:
degrees conferred 105, Illenrollment, public secondary schools 45
Special education for exceptional children . . 6-7, 38Speech, degrees conferred 106, 112Staff. (See: Faculty, Classroom teachers,
Instructional staff, Teachers.)State governments, receipts from:
all levels of education 23higher education 122, 125public elementary and secondary schools . . 63-65
Statistics, degrees conferred 106, 112Student fees, higher education 127, 129Student loan funds 125, 128Student loan (Federal) programs 153, 160-161Students. (See: Enrollment.)Subcollegiate department, higher education:
enrollment 6.7instructional staff 10
Summer school expenditures, publicelementary and secondary schools 69
Supervisors, public elementary andsecondary schools 51
Teachers.all levels of education 10-11elementary and secondary schools.
by field 52characteristics 52nonpublic 44,49,52public 49-52
higher education.instructional staff 90-95selected characteristics 90, 92-94
salaries:higher education 95-96public elementary and secondary schools . . 53
Teachers and other instructional staff, publicelementary and secondary schools:
number 51
salaries 54-55Technical educatio,n (vocational)
enrollment 138.139Technical and semiprofessional programs,
awards based on 105-106Television, public . . . . ..... . . . .. . . . 178
Tests, draftees failingTheology:
dezees conferredenrollment for advanced degrees
Trades and industry (vocational)enrollment
Traditional high schoolsTraineeship and training grant programs,
FeralTransportation of public school pupilsTuition and fees, higher education2-year institutions:
enrollmentnumber
Page19
107, 113-11485-86
138-13959
15739
127, 129
80-81, 88, 9888, 98-99
199
UUndergraduate enrollmentU.S. college faculty abroadU.S. college students abroadU.S. education, structure ofUniversities:
enrollmentnumber
75, 80-81173173
4
80-81, 9898.99
VValue of physical plant, higher educationValue of nonexpendable funds, higher
educationValue of property, higher educationVeterinary medicine:
degrees conferredenrollment for professional degrees
Vocational agriculture, enrementVocational education.
enrollmentexpendituresFederal funds 139-140,schools offeringteachers
Volumes.college and university libraries :Federal libraries ,public libraries
Wages or salary of full-time employeesWhites and nonwhites.
enrollmenttest scoresyears of school completed
Y
Years of school completedPeisons 25 years old and overPersons 25 to 29 years old
Zoology, degrees conferred
133
133134
11485
138 139
138.139, 141139-140
153, 160-161141139
180-181179
178-179
55
8187
14.15
14-1614
102, 108
2J9
