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JurnalInternasionalBereputasi-People'sBehaviorinMaintainingResidental...

Eco.Env.&Cons.22(1):2016;pp.(441-450)Copyright©

EMInternationalISSN0971-765X

People'sbehaviorinmaintainingresidentalenvironment

andsomefactorsaffectingintheWalenaewatershedof

southSulawesiprovince,Indonesia

BakhraniRauf

StateUniversityofMakassar,Indonesia

(Received7October,2015;accepted12December,2015)

ABSTRACT

Thisstudyaimstodetermine:(a)thebehaviorofthe

environmentalmaintenance,environmentalknowledge,

attitudestowardstheenvironment,andmotivationof

communityinmaintainWalenaeWatershedofSouth

SulawesiProvince;(b)theeffectofenvironmental

knowledge,attitudestowardstheenvironment,and

motivationtomaintainanenvironmentbothindividually

andsimultaneouslytowardthepublicbehaviortomaintain

theneighborhoodsoftheWalenaewatershed.The

independentvariablesare:(a)knowledgeofthe

environment(XI),theattitudetowardstheenvironment

(X2),andthemotivationtomaintainanenvironment(X3).

Thedependentvariableisthebehaviorofthe

environmentalmaintenance(Y).Thestudylocationisin

theWalenaewatershednamelySoppeng,Wajo,andBone

District.Theresearchareasselectedbypurposivesampling

consistofonevillageofeachdistrictneartheWalenae

watershed.Atotalof200householdsasrespondentswhich

wereselectedbysystematicrandomsamplingofthethree

sampleareas.Datawereanalizedbydescriptiveand

inferentialstatistical.Inferentialanalysisareasimpleand

multipleregression.Theresultsshowedthatallofvariables

areinmoderatecategory.Environmentalknowledge(XI),

theattitudetowardstheenvironment(X2),andthe

motivationtomaintainanenvironment(X3)givethe

positiveeffectandsignificantcontributioncither

individuallyorsimultaneouslyonthepeople'sbehaviorto

maintaintheenvironment(Y)intheWalenaewatershedof


SouthSulawesiProvince.

Keywords:Behavior,Environmentalknowledge,

Environmentalattitudes,Motivationtomaintainthe

environment.

Introduction

TheLawofRepublicofIndonesiaNumber32,2009about

theProtectionandManagementoftheenvi¬ronmentstated

thatthereneedstobethesystematicandintegratedeffortto

preservethefunctionoftheenvironmentandtopreventthe

pollutionortheen¬vironmentaldamagewhichincludes

planning,uti¬lization,control,maintenance,monitoring,

andlawenforcement.TheLawoftheEnvironmentalMan-

agementespeciallyinthearticle3statesthattheen-

vironmentalmanagementorganizedbytheprin¬cipleof

responsibility,sustainability,andbenefitwithaimsto

realizetheprincipleofsustainablede¬velopmentinorder

tobuildacompleteIndonesianhumanandthedevelopment

ofIndonesiansocietythatfaithfulanddevotedtoGod

Almighty.Salim(1985)statesthatdevelopmentisa

continuouspro¬cessandcontinuousimpactonthe

populationandtheenvironment,thereforeitisnecessary

hannonybetweenpopulationdevelopmentand

environmen-taldevelopmentinordertocreatethe

conducive

Correspondingauthor'semail:

[email protected];

[email protected];

[email protected](BakhraniRauf,State

UniversityofMakassar,Indonesia)

442

Eco.Env.&Cons.22(1):2016

conditionstothesustainabledevelopmentprocess.

Tukiyat(2009)statesthatthebehaviorisaresultofone's


actionswhicharecontinuousandhavecon¬tinuoustrend

thatismadeonthesituationandtheconditions

encountered.HunggerfortandVolk(1990)statesthat

behaviorisinfluencedbyseveralfactors,namely:(a),

knowledgeoftheenvironment,(b)attitude,(c)motivation,

(d)socio-economicfac¬torsandsoforth.Kolmussand

Agyemen(2002)thatpromotedpro-environmental

behaviorisinfluencedbytheattitudeoftheenvironment,

whileenviron¬mentalattitudesareinfluencedby

environmentalknowledge.QuinnandBurbach(2008)

suggestedthatenvironmentalattitudesposisitifassociated

withfavorableenvironmentalbehavior.Pruneau,etal.

(2003)suggestedthatpeoplehavegoodinforma¬tion,they

willbecomemoreawareofenvironmentalissuesand

consequentlymoremotivatedtoactre¬sponsiblytowards

theenvironment.Winardi(2011)explainsthatingeneral

thebehaviormotivatedtoachievecertaingoals.Herath

(2010)suggestedthatintrinsicandextrinsicmotivation

reinforceattitudesonbehavior.FurthermoreSarwono

(1992)statesthathumannatureiscapableoflearningfrom

experi¬enceandthereforechangesinhumanbehaviorcan

onlybedonegraduallyinaccordancewiththenew

environment.

Settlementsorhousingisabasicneedofhumantherefore

housingisthemostimportantaspectofhumanlifeto

continueitsactivitiesfarfuture.Theresidential

environmentinwhichtherearemanyhousingaswellasin

Walenaewatershedwhichisthebuiltenvironmentofthe

communitieslivinginthatplace.SettlementsinWalenae

watershedcon¬sistsofseveraldistricts,namely:Soppeng,

Wajo,andBoneCounty.

AsurveyoftheWalenaewatershedsettlementinSouth

SulawesiProvinceatJanuary2014,foundthat:(a)

householdwasteinanurbanenvironmenthasnotbeen

fullyhandledproperly,(b)Drainagesettlementhasnot

beenfunctioningasexpectedbytheperinsip-perinsipof

environmentalsustainability.Itwasprobablycausedbythe

behav¬iorofcommunityinmaintainthesustainableurban

environmentstilllow.

Basedondiscussionswithsomepublicfiguresshowthat:

(1)Manyresidentslackofattentiontowastemanagement,


(b)thebehaviortomaintainthesettlementdrainageisstill

farfromwhatisexpectedbythecreationofacomfortable

environmentfarfuture.Possiblecausesare:(a)Lackof

knowledge

aboutenvironment,(b)thepublic'sattitudetowardthe

residentialenvironmentlesspositive,(c)motiva¬tionto

maintainneighborhoodsisstilllow.

Theproblemofthisstudyare:(a)Howdoesthebehavior

ofcommunitiestomaitaintheenviron¬ment,

environmentalknowledge,attitudestowardsthe

environment,andmotivationtomaintaintheWalenae

watershedinSouthSulawesiProvince?,(b)Isthe


environmentandmotivationtopreservetheen¬vironment,

eitherindividuallyandaffecttothepeople'sbehaviorto

maintaintheenvironmentintheWalenaewatershedof

SouthSulawesiProv¬ince?.Thusthepurposeofthis

researchare:(a)Todeterminethepeople'sbehaviorto

maintaintheen¬vironment,environmentalknowledge,

attitudesto¬wardstheenvironment,andmotivationto

maintainWalenaewatershedinSouthSulawesiProvince,

(b)Todeterminetheinfluenceofenvironmental

knowl¬edge,attitudestowardstheenvironmentand

moti¬vationtomaintainenvironment,eitherindividually

orsimultaneouslytotirepeople'sbehaviortomain¬tainthe

environmentinWalenaewatershedofSouthSulawesi

Province.

MaterialsandMethod

Basedonthescope,Thisresearchcategorizedassur¬vey,

basedontireavailabilityofdataintirefield,thisstudy

classifiedasexposefactoandbasedondataanalysis,this

researchcategorizedascorrelationalresearch.Thestudy

areaisaWalenaewatershedinSouthSulawesiProvince

whichincludesSoppeng,WajoandBonedistrict.Each

districtselectedonevillagebypurposivesamplingmethod

thatvillagenearthewatershedWalenae.Respondents

studyof200householdswereselectedbysystematic

randomsamplingmethodofthethreesampleareas.The

in¬dependentvariablesinthisstudyare:(a)knowledgeof

theenvironment(XI),(b)attitudetowardstheenvironment


(X2),and(3)themotivationtomain¬taintheenvironment

(X3).Whilethedependentvariableisthepeople'sbehavior

tomaintainneigh¬borhoods(Y).Theinfluenceof

independentvari¬ablestothedependentvariableare

presentedinFig.1.

Theinstrumentsusedtocollectdataare:(a)pro¬videatest

ofknowledge,(b)provideaquestionnaireofattitude,(c)

provideaquestionnaireofmotiva¬tion,(d)providea

questionnaireofbehavior.,TheDatawereanalyzedby

deskereptiveandinferential

BAKHRANIRAUF

443

Fig.1.Theinfluenceofindependentvariablestothede-

pendentvariableCaption:

Y=Thepeople'sbehaviortomaintainneighborhoodsXI=

environmentalknowledgeX2=attitudetowardthe

environmentX3=Motivationtomaintainenvironment

statistical.Theanalysismodelisasimpleandmul¬tiple

regression.

ResultsandDiscussion

DescriptionofThepeople'sbehaviortomaintainthe

neighborhoods

Todeterminethelevelofpeople'sbehaviorinenvi-

ronmentalmanagementinthewatershedWalenaeSouth

SulawesiProvince;thenthefollowingarepre¬sentedthe

resultsofdescriptivestatisticalanalysis(frequency

distribution)inTable1.

Table1.Resultsofdescriptivestatisticalanalysisofthe

People'sbehaviortomanintaintheneighbor¬hoods

Basedontheanalysisresultsobtainedanaveragescoreof

45.54from14itemsofstatementsaboutthepeople's

behaviortomaintaintheneighborhoods,wherethevalue

(score)thestatementis1-5.Theminimumscoresoffield

dataof20.00andmaxi¬mumscoreof70.00.Todetermine


thelevelofthepeople'sbehaviortomaintaintire

neighborhoodsintheWalenaewatershedofSouth

SulawesiProvince;thenthefollowingarcpresentedthe

resultsofde¬scriptivestatisticalanalysis(frequency

distribution)inTable2.

BasedonthefrequencydistributioninTable2obtaineda

scoreof36.6to47.8inmoderatecategory.Whilethe

resultsofthedeskreptivestatisticalanaly¬sis(Table1),the

averagewas45.54,thisscoreinmoderatecategory.

Therefore,itcanbeconcludedthattirepeople'sbehaviorto

maintaintheneighbor¬hoodsinthemoderatecategory.

Thepeopleshavedonebutinadequateenvironmental

managementonaspectsofmanagementofenvironmental,

drain¬agemaintenance,andmaintenanceofopenspace.

DescriptionofEnvironmentalKnowledge

TheenvironmentalknowledgeofsocietyintheWalenae

watershedofSouthSulawesiProvincewereanalyzed

descriptivelyanddisplayedinTable3.

Table3.Resultsofdescriptivestatisticalanalysisofenvi-

ronmentalknowledge

Statisticalvalue

NoIndexvalue

8,5516,003,003,13

1Average

2Maximum

3Minimum

4StandardDeviation

NoIndexvalue

1Average

2Maximum

3Minimum

4StandardDeviation

Statisticalvalue

45,5470,0020,0011,20


8.55from17ofthequestionsabouttheen-vironment


knowledge,wherethevalueofcorrectanswerofeach

questiongivenascoreof1andawronganswergivena

scoreof0.Theminimum

Table2.ThefrequencyDistributionofPeople'sBehavior

toMaintainNeighborhoods

No

Category

Score

Frequency

1VeryHight59,2-70,024

2Hight47,9-59,157

3Moderate36,6-47,888

4Low25,3-36,520

5VeryLow14,0-25,211

Total200100

Persentage(%)%cumulative

12,012,0

28,540,5

44,084,5

10,094,5

5,50100

444


Table4.Frequencydistributionsoftheenvironmental

knowledge

NoCategoryScoreFrequencyPersentage(%)%

Cumulative

1VeryHight13,6-17,0157,57,5

2Hight10,2-13,5402027,5

3Moderate6,8-10,1SI40,567,5

4Low3,4-6,7603097,5

5VeryLow0,0-3,342100


Total60100

scoreis3.00andthemaximumscoreis16.00.To

determinetheleveloftheenvironmentalknowledgein

managementoftheWalenaewatershedofSouthSulawesi

Province;thenthefollowingwaspre¬sentedtheresultsof

descriptivestatisticalanalysis(frequencydistribution)in

Table4.


scoreof6.8to10.1inmoderatecategory.Whiletheresults

ofthedeskreptivestatisticalanaly¬sis(Table3),the

averagescoreis8.55,thisscoreinmoderatecategory.

Therefore,itcanbeconcludedthattheenvironment

knowledgeofthecommunitiesinthecategorymoderate.

Thecommunitieshastheenvironmentknowledgebutnot

enoughtomanagetheresidentialneighborhoodasitshould

be.There¬foretheenvironmentknowledgeofcommunities

needstobecoupledthroughcounseling.

DescriptionofAttitudestotheEnvironment

PeopleattitudestowardtheenvironmentintheWalenae

watershedofSouthSulawesiProvincewereanalyzed

descriptivelyandpresentedinTable5.

Table5.Resultsofdescriptivestatisticalanalysisofthe

environmentalattitudes

Indexvalue

No

Statisticalvalue

1Average43,12

2Maximum66,00

3Minimum20,00

4StandardDeviation10,59


43.12from14itemsofstatementsaboutat¬titudestowards

theenvironment,wherethescorethestatementis1-5.The

minimumandmaximumscoreis20.00and66.00

respectively.Todeterminethelevelofattitudetowardsthe

environmentintheWalenaewatershedofSouthSulawesi

Province-thenthefollowingwaspresentedtheresultsof

de¬scriptivestatisticalanalysis(frequencydistribution)in


Table6.


scoreof36.6to47.8inmoderatecategory.Whilethe

resultsofthestatisticalanalysisdeskreptif(Table5)the

averagevalueortheaveragescorewas43.12thisscorein

middlecategory.Therefore,itcanbeconcludedthatthe

communitiesattitudetowardstheenvironmentinthe

WalenaewatershedofSouthSulawesiProvincewas

moderatecategory.Thecom¬munitiestendenstohavea

positiveattitude,butstillneedstobestrengthened.

Therefore,toimproveattitudestobecamesmorepositive,

itisnecessarytoprivideguidancetopubliccontinuously.

DescriptionoftheMotivationtoMaintainEnvironment

Themotivationofpeopletomaintainanenviron¬mentin

watershedWalenacSouthSulawesiProv¬incewere

analyzeddescriptivelyandshowninTable7.


40.04from14itemsstatementofmotivation

Table6.TheFrequencyDistributionoftheattitudetowards

theenvironment

No

Category

1VeryHight

2Hight

3Moderate

4Low

5VeryLow

Total

Frequency

Score

Persentage(%)%Cumulative

59,2-70241212

47,9-59,1261325

36,6-47,8944772

25,3-36,5422193


14-25,2147100

200100

BAKHRANIRAUF

445

Table7.Resultsofdescriptivestatisticalanalysisofmo-

tivationtomaintainanenvironment

IndexValue

No

StatisticalValue

1Average40,04

2Maximum65,00

3Minimum21,00

4StandardDeviation10,59

tomaintainanenvironment,wherethescorethestatement

is1-5.Theminimumandamaximumscoreoffielddata

is21.00and67.00respectively.Todeterminethelevelof

motivationintheenviron¬mentalmanagementinthe

WalenaewatershedofSouthSulawesiProvince,the

followingarepre¬sentedtheresultsofdescriptive

statisticalanalysis(frequencydistribution)inTable8.


scoreof36.6to47.8inmodecategory.Whiletheresultsof

thedeskreptivestatisticalanaly¬sis(Tabic7),theaverage

was40.04andthisscoreinmoderatecategory.Therefore,

itcanbeconcludedthatthecommunitiesmotivationto

maintainenvi¬ronmentinWalenaewatershedofSouth

Sulawesiprovincewasmoderatecategory.The

communities

havebothoftheintrinsicandextrinsicmotivation,butnot

enoughtomaintaintheenvironmentresidental.Therefore,

thismotivationneedstobeimprovedcontinuouslyby

meansofagoodoftheenvironmentpilot.

EffectofEnvironmentalKnowledge,Environ¬mental

AttitudeandMotivationtowardthePeople'sBehaviorto


MaintainEnvironment

Todeterminetheinfluenceofenvironmentalknowl¬edge

(XI),environmentalattitudes(X2),motivationtopreserve

theenvironment(X3)bothofindividu¬allyand

simultaneouslytowardbehaviortomain¬tainthe

environmental(Y)intheWalenaewater¬shedofSouth

SulawesiProvince,thefollowingthepresentedresultsof

simpleandmultipleregressionanalysis(ANOVA)inTable

9.

BasedonTable9showsthattheSig.F=0.000<a=0.05

(forXIonY).Thisanalysisshowsthattheenvironmental

knowledgeaffectstothebehaviorofenvironmental

preservation.Sig.F=0.000<a=0.05(forX2onY).This

analysisshowsthattheattitudetowardstheenvironment

affectstothebehaviorofenvironmentalpreservation.Sig.

F=0.000<a=0.05

Table8.TheFrequencyDistributionofMotivationto

MaintainanEnvironment

NoCategoryScoreFrequencyPersentage(%)

%Cumulative

1VeryHight59,2-7031,513

2Hight47,9-59,14020213

3Moderate36,6-47,8783960,5

4Low25,3-36,56934,595

5VeryLow14-25,2105,0100

Total200100

Table9.Resultsofasimpleregressionanalysis(ANOVA)

XItoY,X2toYandX3toY,andmultipleregression

(ANOVA)ofXI,X2,X3towardY.'

Variables

Model

SumofSquares

Df

MeanSquare


Sig-

X.toY

X,toY

X,toY

X1,X2fX,toY

Regression5127,66815127,668

Residual2658,06519845,829

Total7785,733199

Regression7548,25217548,252

Residual237,4811984,095

Total7785,733199

Regression7548,71523774,358

Residual237,0181974,158

Total7785,733199

Regression7548,71523774,358

Residual237,0181974,158

Total7785,733199

111,888

1843,507

907,687

907,687

,000b

,000b

,000b

,000''

446


(forX3toY).Thisanalysisshowsthatthemotivationto


maintainanenvironmentaffecttothebehaviorof

environmentalpreservation.Sig.F=0.000<a=0.05(for

XI,X2,X3onY).Thisanalysisshowsthatthe


environment,andmotivationtomaintainanenvi¬ronment

simultanneouslyaffectstothepeople'sbe¬haviorto

managetheenvironmentintheWalenaewatershedof

SouthSulawesiProvince.

Tofindouthowlargetheinfluenceofeachde¬pendent

variablestowardthepeople'sbehaviortomaintain

environment,thenthefollowingispre¬sentedresultof

simpleandmultipleregressionanalysis(ModelSummary)

inTable10.

BasedonTable10showsthatthecorrelationco¬efficient

ofenvironmentalknowledge(XI)of0812.Thismeanthat

therelationshipbetweentheenvi¬ronmentalknowledge

withpeople'sbehaviortopreservetheenvironment(Y)in

WalenaewatershedofSouthSulawesiProvincerelatively

strong.Strongknowledgeofenvironmentcanbeusedto

predictthepeople'sbehaviorinmanagingtheenvironment.

Thecoefficientofdetermination(RSquare)of0.660.This

valueshowsthattheinfluenceofenvironmen¬tal

knowledgetowardthebehaviortomaintainthe

environmentby66%.Thereareinfluenceoftheother

variablesby44%notincludedintheanalysismodel.

AdjustedRSquare=0.630;Thisvalueshowsthatthenet

effectoftheenvironmentknowl¬edgetothebehaviorof

publictomaintaintheenvi-ronmentintheWalanae

watershedofSouthSulawesiProvinceby63%.


ofattitudetowardstheenvironment(X2)of0.985.This

valueshowsthattherelationshipbe¬tweenattitudestoward

theenvironmentwiththepeople'sbehaviortomaintain

environment(Y)inthewatershedWalenaeSouthSulawesi

Provinceasverystrong.Thatisaverystrongattitude

towardstheenvironmenttopredictthebehaviorofmanag-

ingtheenvironment.Thecoefficientofdetermina¬tion(R

Square)of0970.Thisvalueshowsthattireinfluenceof

environmentalattitudestowardthebe¬haviortomaintain

anenvironmentof97%.Thereareothervariablesinfluence


of3%whichaffectthebehaviortomaintainan

environmentthatisnotin¬cludedintheanalysismodel.

AdjustedRSquare=0968;Thisvalueshowsthatthenet

effectofenviron¬mentalattitudestowardspeople's

behaviortomain-taintheenvironmentintheWalanae

watershedofSouthSulawesiProvinceof96.8%.


ofmotivationtomaintaintheenvironment(X3)of0.985.

Thisvalueshowsthattherelationshipbetweenmotivation

withpeople'sbehaviortomain¬taintheenvironment(Y)in

theWalenaewatershedSouthSulawesiProvinceasvery

strong.Thatisaverystrongmotivationtomaintainan

environmenttopredictthebehaviorofmanagingthe

environ¬ment.Thecoefficientofdetermination(RSquare)

of0.970.Thisvalueshowstheeffectofmotivationon

behaviortomaintainanenvironmentof97%.Thereare

othervariablesinfluencetothebehaviortomaintainan

environmentof3%thatisnotincludedintheanalysis

model.AdjustedRSquare=0.968;Thisvalueshowsthat

theneteffectofmotivationonthepeople'sbehaviorto

maintainanenviron¬mentinWalanaewatershedofSouth

SulawesiProv¬inceof96.8%.


ofenvironmentalknowledge,attitudesto¬wardsthe

environment,andmotivationtomaintainenvironmental

(XI,X2,X3)of0.985.Thisvalueshowsthatthe

relationshipasverystrongbetweenenvironmental

knowledge,attitudestowardstheenvironment,and

motivation(XI,X2,X3)withthebehaviorofpeopleto

maintainenvironmental.Thismeansallofthedependent

variablesverypowerfultopredictthebehaviorof

managingtheenviron¬ment.Thecoefficientof

determination(RSquare)of

Table10.Resultsoftheanalysisofsimpleregression

(ModelSummary)XItoY,X2toY,X3toY,andmultiple

regres¬sionX1,X2,X3toY(ModelSummary)

Variables

Model


R

RSquare

AdjustedRSquare

Std.ErroroftheEstimate

.

X,toY1.812'.660.6306.76969

X2toY2.985'.970.9682.02349

X3toY3.985'.970.9682.02349

X^„X^oY4.985'.970.9682.03917

BAKHRANIRAUF

447

0.970.Thisvalueshowstheinfluenceofallofthe

dependentvariablestothebehaviortomaintainthe

environmentby97%.Thereareothervariablesinflu¬ence

thebehaviortomaintainanenvironmentof3%.Adjusted

RSquare=0.968;Thisvalueshowsthattheneteffectof

theallofdependentvariablestotirepeople'sbehaviorto

maintainenvironmentintheWalanaewatershedat96.8%.

Basedonthedescriptionmentionedaboveitcanbe

concludedthattheenvironmentknowledge,the

environmentattitudes,andmotivationtomaintainan

environmentindividuallyandsimultaneouslycanpredict

thepeople'sbehaviortomaintaintheenvironment.To

improvethepeople'sbehavior,itmuststrengtheningofthe

environmentalknowl¬edge,theenvironmentattitudes,and

motivationtopreservetheenvironmentintireformof

intensivecounselingoftheenvironmentknowledge,


mentoringandenvironmentpilot.

Tofindouthowlargethecontributionoftheallof

dependentvariablestothepeople'sbehaviortomaintain

theresidentalenvironmenteitherindi¬viduallyortogether,

theanalysisresultspresentedinTable11.

BasedonTable11showsthattheSig.t=0.000<a=0.05.

Itshowsthattheknowledgeoftheenviron¬mentgivesthe

contributiontothepeople'sbehaviortomaintainthe

residentalenvironmental(B=2.930).Thisvalueshows

thatthecontributionofenviron¬mentalknowledgeonthe

behaviorofthecommu¬nitytomaintainanenvironmentof

2,930.Thereforeitcanbeconcludedthatwhenenhanced

theenvi¬ronmentalknowledge(onepart),thenthe

behaviorofthecommunitytomaintaintheresidemtal

envi¬ronmentinWalenaewatershedincreasedby2,930.

Furthermore,inTable11showsthattheSig.t=0.000<a

=0.05.Itshowsthattireenvironmentatti¬tudegives

contributiontothepeople'sbehaviortomaintainresidental

environmental(B=1.044).Thisvalueshowsthatthe

contributionoftheenviron¬mentalattitudestowardsthe

people'sbehaviortomaintainanenvironmentof1,044.

Thereforeitcanbeconcludedthatwhenenhancedthe

environmen¬talattitudes(onepart),thenthebehaviorof

thecom¬munitytomaintaintheresidentalenvironmentin

Walenaewatershedincreasedby1,044.

Furthermore,inTable11showsthattheSig.t=0.000<a

=0.05.Itshowsthatthemotivationtomaintainan

environmentgivescontributiontothepeople'sbehaviorto

maintaintheresidentalenvi¬ronmental(B=1.047).This

valueshowsthatthecontributionofmotivationtothe

people'sbehaviortomaintainanenvironmentof1.047.

Thereforeitcanbeconcludedthatwhenthemotivationto

main¬tainanenvironmentenhanced(onepart),thenthe

behaviorofthecommunitytomaintainanenviron¬mentin

Walenaewatershedincreasedby1,047.

InTable11,itappearsthatforenvironmentalknowledge

Sig.t=0.007<a=0.05.Itshowsthattheknowledgeof

theenvironmentgivescontributiontothepeople'sbehavior

tomaintaintheresidentalen¬vironment.Contributionof

theenvironmentalknowledgeonthebehaviorofthe


communitytomaintainanenvironmentof0.078.Therefore

itcanbeconcludedthatwhenenhancedenvironmental

knowledge(onepart)withregardtoenvironmental

attitudes,andmotivationtopreservetheenviron¬ment,the

people'sbehaviortomaintaintheresidentalenvironment

increasedby0.078.Damerell,HoweandGulland(2013)

Providesevi-

Table11.Resultsofsimpleregressionanalysis

(Coefficients)XItoY,X2toY,X3toY,andmultiple

regression(Coef-ficients)XI,X2,X3toY.

ModelUnstandardizedCoefficientsStandardized

CoefficientsTSig

BStandardErrorBeta

1(Constant)20,4282,5777929,000

Knowledge2,930,277,81210,578

2(Constant),5451,092,499,620

Attitude1,044,024,98542,936,000

3(Constant),5471,094,501,620

Motivation1,047,027,98742,939,000

4(Constant),6301,129558,579

Knowledge,094,146,07824,102,007

Attitude1,0321,129,97424,129,000

Motivation1,0351,132,97724,132,000

448


dencetosuggestthattheenvironmentalknowledgeof

learnersispositivelyinfluencedbyEE(environ¬mental

education).Itismeansofenvironmentaleducationis

neededtoimprovetheenvironmentalknowledge.The

higherlevelofknowledgeoftheenvironment,thebetter

thebehaviorofthecommu¬nitytomaintainenvironment.

Mulyadi(2010)ex¬plainsthatthereisadrecteffectof

environmentalknowledgeonresponsibleenvironmental

behavioroffarmersofSopengDistrict.Suwarto(2013)


ex¬plainthatEnvironmentalknowledgeofpeasant

communityinBanjarsarineedtobedevelopedtoincrease

betterpro-environmentalbehavior.Kumar(2012)havealso

discussedthattherelationshipbe¬tweenenvironmental

knowledgeandattitudewasfoundtobepositiveand

significant.WhileKolmussandAegyman(2002)stated

thatmostresearchersagreethatonlyasmallfractionof

pro-environmen¬talbehaviorcanbedirectlylinkedto

environmentalknowledgeandenvironmentalawareness.

Aertsens,etal.(2011)mentionthattheremaybeabi-

direc-tionalcause-effectrelationshipbetweenattitudeand

objectiveknowledge.Baseonthestatedofsome

re¬searchersconcludedthepeople'sbehaviortomaitain

residentalenvironmentinfluencedbyenvi¬ronment

knowledge.Ellen(1994)hasfoundthatsubjective

knowledgeispositivelyassociatedwithcommitmentto

recycling,sourcereduction,andpo¬liticalaction.Hineset

al.(1987)saysthatwhenthisrelationship(knowledgeand

behavior)appearstobestronger,itisknowledgeaboutan

ecologicalbe¬haviorratherthanfactualknowledgeabout

theen¬vironmentthatisrelatedtoecologicalbehavior.

Furthermore,inTable11showedthattheenvi¬ronment

attitudeoftheSig.t=0.000<a=0.05.Itshowsthatthe

environmengivescontributiontothepeople'sbehaviorto

maintaintheresidentalenvi¬ronmentwithregardto

environmentalknowledgeandmotivationtopreservethe

environment.Beta=0.974.Thisvalueshowsthatthe

contributionoftheenvironmentattitudetothesociety's

behaviortomaintainanenvironmentof0,974.Thereforeit

canbeconcludedthatiftireattitudeimproved(onepart)

withregardtotheenvironmentalknowledge,and

motivationtopreservetheenvironment,thepeople's

behaviortomaintaintheresidentalenvi¬ronmentincreased

by0,974.AccordingtoZeleznyandSchultz(2000),

attitudesofenvironmentalcon¬cernsarerootedina

person'sconceptofselfandthedegreetothewhichan

individualperceiveshimorherselftobeanintegralpartof

thenaturalenviron-

ment.Ajzen,(1991);andChengetal,emphasizedthat

positiveattitudetowardsaparticularbehaviourstrengthens


theintentiontoperformthatbehaviour.Mansarayand

Abijoye(1998)descibethatthequal¬ityofthe

environmentdependscriticallyonthelevelofknowledge,

attitudes,valuesandpracticesofconsumers.Kollmussand

Agyeman(2002)dscribesthatenvironmentalattitudeshave

beenfoundtohaveavarying,usuallyverysmallimpacton

pro-environmentalbehavior.Thesameresultshowedby

MalekiandKarimzadeh(2011),thatgen¬erallythe

environmentalattitudeandenergycon¬sumptionattitude

haveapositivesignificantrela¬tionshipwithenergy

consumptionbehavior.Kuhlemeierelal.(1999)studyof

environmentallit¬eracyinDutchninthgraders,theyfound

amoderatecorrelation(r=.36)betweenattitudeand

behaviors.deGrootandSteg(2010)concludedtaht

intrinsicmotivation,integratedandexternalregulation

madeasignificantcontributiontotheregressionmodel.

Respondentswhowereintrinsicallymotivatedto¬wards

actinginfavouroftheenvironmentweremorelikelyto

donatetoenvironmentalorgani¬sationsandlessto

humanitarianorganisations.

Furthermore,inTable11showsthatthemotiva¬tionto

maintainanenvironmentforSig.t=0.000<a=0.05.I t

showsthatthemotivationtomaintaintheenvironment

givescontributiontothepeople'sbe¬haviortomaintainthe

residentalenvironmentwithregardtoenvironmental

knowledgeandtheenvi¬ronmentattitude.Beta=0.977.

Thisvalueshowsthatthecontributionofmotivationto

maintainanenvironmenttothepeople'sbehaviorto

maintaintheresidentalenvironmentamountedto0.977.

Thereforeitcanbeconcludedthatwhenthemotiva¬tionto

maintainanenvironmentenhanced(onepart)withregard

toenvironmentalknowledge,andtheenvironment

attitudes,thepeople'sbehaviortomaintaintheresidental

environmentincreasedby0.977.KollmussandAgyeman

(2002)arguethatmotivationisshapedbyintensityand

direction(whichdetermineswhichbehaviorischosenfrom

allthepossibleoptions).Herath(2010)decribesthat

motivesforbehaviorcanbeovertorhidden—con¬scious

orunconscious,motivationmanipulatestherelationshipof

attitude,subjectivenormandper¬ceivedbehavioural

controlwiththeintension.ZhuandYang(2012)saysthat

1


motivationcanbede¬finedasthosepsychological

tendenciesandinternaldrivewhichstimulateandmaintain

anorganism'sactionsandmakethembetowardsacertain

goal.

BAKHRANIRAUF

449

WhileBeatonelah,(1998)saysthatanintrinsically

motivatedindividualactsoutofpersonalchoiceand

interest.

TheresultsareconsistentwiththeKollmusandAegyman

(2002),thatsomeofthefactorsthatinhibitpro-

environmentalbehaviorsuchasdemographicfactors,

externalfactors(e.g.institutional,economicsocialand

culturalfactors)andinternalfactors(e.g.motivation,

environmentalknowledge,awareness,values,attitudes,

emotion,locusofcontrol,respon¬sibilitiesandpriorities).

BergerandCorbin,(1992)notethatitisnotuncommonin

theecologicaldo¬mainthatonetypeofecological

behaviorisaffectedbycitherenvironmentalattitude,

environmentalknowledge,environmentalvaluesor

ecologicalbehaviourintentionwhileothersarenot.

Conclussion

Basedonthedescriptionoftheresultsofthestudy,the

conclusionsofthisstudyaredescribedasfol¬lows:

•Thepeople'sbehaviortomaintainthesettle¬ments

environmentintheWalenaewatershedofSouthSulawesi

Provinceneedstobeim¬proved,especiallyontheaspect

ofwasteman¬agement,anddrainagemaintenance.

•Theenvironmentknowledgeofthecommuni¬tiesinthe

Walenaewatershedstillneedstobeimproved,especially

ontheaspectsofcompre¬hension,application,analysis,

synthesis,andevaluationoftheenvironment.

•TheenvironmentattitudeofthesocietyinWalenae

watershedpositivetrendbutstillneedstobeimproved,in

termsofcognitive,af¬fective,andpsychomotor.

•TheMotivationtomaintaintheresidentalenvi¬ronment


intheWalenaewatershedclassifiedasmoderate,seenfrom

theaspectofintrinsicmo¬tivationandextrinsic

motivation.

•Theenvironmentalknowledge,theenviron¬ment

attitudesandthemotivationofmaintain¬ingenvironmental

giveapositiveimpactandmakeasignificantcontribution

eitherindividu¬allyorsimultaneouslutothepeople's

behaviortomaintaintheneighborhoodsintheWalenae

watershedofSouthSulawesiProvince.

Recommendation

1.Theenvironmentknowledgeofthecommuni-

tiesintheWalenaewatershedneedstobeim¬provedby

providingcounseling,reinforcementofwastemanagement,

andresidentialdrain¬age.Increasingoftheknowledge

societywillautomaticallychangetheenvironmentattitude

toapositivedirectionandstrengthenthemoti¬vationto

preservetheenvironment.

2.ThePeopleintheWalenaewatershedofSouth

SulawesiProvinceshouldbegiventostrengthenthe

attitudebygivingthepilotagoodwastemanagement,

maintenanceofresi¬dentialdrainage,andpilotagood

environment.

3.ThepeopleintheWalenaewatershedofSouth

SulawesiProvinceneedstobegivencontinu¬ously

motivatedbybringingthemtoparticipateinmanaging

wasteandmaintainthesettle¬mentsdrainage.

4.Toimprovethebehaviorofpeopletomaintainthe

environmentinWalena ewatershedofSouthSulawesi

Provincethenthatneedstobedoneistoincreasethe

knowledgeoftheenvi¬ronment,directedtheattitude

towardsaposi¬tive,andprovidemotivationtomaintain

theenvironment.Increasingofthem otivationmustbe

donecontinuouslytomaintaintheneighbor¬hoods.

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