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Document version: 24 May 2005

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ORGANISATIONS PARTICIPATING IN CONSOLIDATED APPEALS DURING 2005:

AAHABSACF/ACHACTEDADRAAfricareAliseiAMREFARCAtlas LogistiqueAVSICAMCARE Int'lCARITASCEASOPCESVICIRIDCOLFADHEMACOMEDCOOPICORDAID

CPA-LIRACPARCPCDCRCCREAFCRSDDGDENALDRCEMSFERMFAOFondn. Suisse DéminageGAAGPIHAHABENHandicap Int'lHDIGHDOHFe.V

HIAHorn ReliefHWA IFRCILOIMCINTERMONINTERSOSIOMIRCIRINIslamic ReliefJVSFKOCLIBALSTGMAGMani TeseMATMDANE

Non-Violence Int'lNPANRCOCHAOCPHOHCHROpen ContinentOrphan's AidOXFAM-GBPAPPPINPRCRUFOUSBFSCF / SC-UKSCUSERLOSFPSolidaritésTASOTEARFUND

TEWPAUNAIDSUNDPUNESCOUNFPAUN-HABITAT UNHCRUNICEFUNIFEMUNMASUNODCUNRWAUNSECOORDVESTAVETAIDWACROWANEP/APDHWFPWHOWV Int'l

Consolidated Appeals Process (CAP)

The CAP is much more than an appeal for money. It is an inclusive and coordinated programme cycle of:

strategic planning leading to a Common Humanitarian Action Plan (CHAP); resource mobilisation (leading to a Consolidated Appeal or a Flash Appeal); coordinated programme implementation; joint monitoring and evaluation; revision, if necessary; and reporting on results.

The CHAP is a strategic plan for humanitarian response in a given country or region and includes the following elements:

a common analysis of the context in which humanitarian action takes place; an assessment of needs; best, worst, and most likely scenarios; stakeholder analysis, i.e. who does what and where; a clear statement of longer-term objectives and goals; prioritised response plans; and a framework for monitoring the strategy and revising it if necessary.

The CHAP is the foundation for developing a Consolidated Appeal or, when crises break or natural disasters occur, a Flash Appeal. The CHAP can also serve as a reference for organisations deciding not to appeal for funds through a common framework. Under the leadership of the Humanitarian Coordinator, the CHAP is developed at the field level by the Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) Country Team. This team mirrors the IASC structure at headquarters and includes UN agencies, and standing invitees, i.e. the International Organization for Migration, the Red Cross Movement, and NGOs that belong to ICVA, Interaction, or SCHR. Non-IASC members, such as national NGOs, can be included, and other key stakeholders in humanitarian action, in particular host governments and donors, should be consulted.

The Humanitarian Coordinator is responsible for the annual preparation of the consolidated appeal document. The document is launched globally each November to enhance advocacy and resource mobilisation. An update, known as the Mid-Year Review, is presented to donors in June of each year.

Donors provide resources to appealing agencies directly in response to project proposals. The Financial Tracking Service (FTS), managed by the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), is a database of donor contributions and can be found on www.reliefweb.int/fts

In sum, the CAP is about how the aid community collaborates to provide civilians in need the best protection and assistance available, on time.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

THE 2005 COMMON HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN....................................................................1

1. CHANGES IN THE SITUATION................................................................................................1

1.1.Locust Invasion...................................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Food security.......................................................................................................................... 2

1.3 Population Movements...........................................................................................................2

1.4 Impact of Sub Regional Instability..........................................................................................3

2. MOST LIKELY SCENARIOS....................................................................................................4

2.1 Desert Locust Situation..........................................................................................................4

2.2 Political Instability in the Region.............................................................................................4

3. STRATEGIC PRIORITIES FOR HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE..............................................4

THE FIGURES FOR FUNDING REQUIREMENTS IN THIS DOCUMENT ARE VALID AS OF 11 MARCH 2005. PROJECT BUDGETS AND REQUIREMENTS NORMALLY CHANGE DURING THE COURSE OF THE YEAR. FOR THE LATEST FIGURES, SEE THE FINANCIAL TRACKING SERVICE ON:

http://www.reliefweb.int/fts.

iii

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WEST AFRICAREVISION

In view of significant effects of the Desert Locust invasion in West Africa during the second half of 2004 and the change in the political/security situation within the region since the development of the United Nations (UN) Consolidated Appeal 2005 (CA), UN Regional Representatives and Non-governmental Organization (NGO) partners as well as other humanitarian partners decided to review the situation analysis provided in the Common Humanitarian Action Plan (CHAP) for 2005 and to prepare a supplementary chapter (addendum) for the Regional Appeal.

The Addendum includes projects that aim to mitigate the damage caused by the Desert Locusts and to ameliorate the food security situation for the affected populations, many of whom have lost their harvest, pasture and have had their livelihoods seriously affected.

As humanitarian concerns and priorities for humanitarian response and the sector response plans remain essentially the same, the CAP was not completely revised.

The 2005 Common Humanitarian Action Plan

1. Changes in the Situation

1.1. Locust InvasionThe Desert Locust invasion that was witnessed across the northern and western part of Africa as well as the Middle East represents the worst scourge registered in 15 years. Since the beginning of the infestation in October 2003, a total surface area of nearly 13 million hectares has been treated with pesticides.

Swarms initially formed in small outbreak areas in Mauritania, Mali and Niger and invaded Northwest Africa (the Maghreb region) where they bred during the spring of 2004, giving rise to a new generation of swarms that invaded ten countries in West Africa in the summer of 2004. Mauritania, Senegal, Mali and Niger were the most affected countries but Burkina Faso, Cap Verde, Chad, the Gambia, Guinea Bissau and Guinea also faced the consequences of theI invasion. Of the estimated 3.5 million hectares1 that were probably infested with Desert Locusts in West Africa, some 2.5 million hectares were treated with pesticides by the end of 2004. Most of the locust swarms subsequently left the Sahel region for their spring breeding grounds in the Maghreb, from where they are expected to return in the summer of 2005, albeit on a much smaller scale than in 2004. A smaller portion of immature swarms have remained in the Gulf of Guinea states in the southwestern part of the region.

The rapid deterioration of the Desert Locust situation in the region in 2003-2004 can be explained partly by the favourable breeding conditions and partly by the minimal preparedness as well as response mechanisms in place to deal with the outbreak and treatment of the pests nationally and within a regional framework. The response has been hampered by obsolete equipment, limited stock of pesticides, a lack of contingency plans and reduced knowledge and capacity to treat the menace. The countries affected have likewise been slow in acknowledging the extent of the crisis and the donor community was slow in contributing with financial support needed to fight the Desert Locusts in the initial stages of the invasion2.

While the various governments on the whole have succeeded in protecting the national food baskets of the affected countries with assistance of the international community, the weak capacity to undertake community level surveillance and control in the early stages and the delay in initiating large scale control interventions led to failure in curbing the locust invasion and had a serious impact on the rural and poorer populations.

1 2005 CAP for West Africa p. 72 FAO did issue early warning reports on the locust upsurge from October 2003 onwards, but lack of positive response increased the appeal for control operations from US$ 9 million in February 2004 to US$ 100 in August 2004.

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1.2 Food security The humanitarian impact of the Desert Locust has been very uneven throughout the region. While Mauritania and Niger have been seriously affected, Mali and Burkina Faso have isolated geographical pockets are also facing severe food shortages in the coming year as a combined result of the Desert Locust, the low rainfall and subsequent drought.

The effects of the Desert Locusts have been most severe in communities, whose fields and grasslands were infested by the insects, adding pressure on their limited coping mechanisms and increasing their vulnerability. As a consequence their food security has been reduced significantly.

For the Sahel region, it is estimated that a total of 9,366,804 million people (equivalent to 1,461,632 households3) have been negatively affected by the combined impact of the locust upsurge and reduced rainfall. In the zones where the insects have attacked the crops and pastures, the price of cereal has increased while the price of livestock has fallen due to the distress sales by pastoralists and agro-pastoralists, who can no longer feed their herds, and who face rising food prices.

In Mauritania the cereal production has fallen by 44% compared with the 2003 harvest, and 36% compared with the average for the last five years. The country is moving towards a food crisis that will be worse than the one experienced in 2002/2003. It has been estimated that 60% of the households are food insecure or highly vulnerable to food insecurity.

Despite the fact that the cereal production in Mali has been higher than the average over the last 5 years, it is less than last year’s bumper harvest. Nevertheless in the areas infested pasture land has been destroyed and there have been large crop losses and the food situation has become precarious. Approximately 1.7 million poor farmers in 130 communities have been affected by the locusts and uneven rain during the year.

In Niger the net cereal production has been severely reduced by the locust infestations and drought. It has been estimated that the losses account for a 26% reduction in the most affected regions and 7% loss at the national level. More than 3.5 million people living in more than 3000 villages have been identified as extremely vulnerable to food insecurity.

Burkina Faso has experienced a reasonable harvest at national level, but some northern regions bordering Mali have had their millet crops completely wiped out by locusts, which have also destroyed up to 80% of pasture in the districts. Almost 3 million persons have been affected.

Finally the effects of the Desert Locust invasion, currently affecting Guinea Bissau and Guinea are still to be evaluated. Serious damage on the cashew nut trees that currently are in flower could impact on the livelihood of the majority of the rural population, and also impact the national economy as it generates a large part of the country’s export earnings.

1.3 Population MovementsFurthermore, as a consequence of the shortage of food and pasture, the seasonal transhumance has been advanced by several months, putting nomads on collision course with sedentary farmers and creating conflicts among herders over scarce water and pasture resources. Young men have also been registered leaving the villages earlier than normal to seek work in the cities of the West African region and the countries on the coast. There is even evidence of a rural exodus as whole villages have been deserted to swell the ranks of the urban destitute. These migration flows contribute to the existing social tensions and confrontations between ethnic tribes, already struggling with chronic poverty and hardship.

3 Figures obtained from the FAO ERU, 1st February 2005. They are adjusted on an ongoing basis depending on the completion of assessments undertaken by the UN system, Governments, CILLS and NGO’s.

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1.4 Impact of Sub Regional Instability The renewed fighting in Cote d’Ivoire also played a major role for the humanitarian partners to revisit the CHAP for West Africa due to the possible humanitarian implications for the neighbouring countries and the whole sub-region.

The situation in the country has developed into a political deadlock between the parties to the conflict, de facto dividing the country into two. No significant progress has been made in the peace process and the security situation continues to deteriorate. Increased inter-intra ethnic clashes in the West have been reported and harassment of civilians and humanitarian aid workers in the West and North particularly within the confidence zone has been registered. Attempts made by the African Union and President Thabo Mbeki from South Africa have not made any viable advance towards reinvigorating the peace process. With lack of clean solutions to the crisis one cannot rule out the resumption of armed hostilities with possible population movements in CDI.(See also: Côte d’Ivoire CAP 2005)

The instability in Cote d’Ivoire could have important implications for the West African region, and shows the lack of national cohesion, progress in nation building, reconstruction and reconciliation that many war torn post-conflict West African countries face. The spill over of small arms and combatants that continues to affect the country and region could lead to a further destabilisation of the situation in Liberia, Guinea/Guinea Forestière as well as Guinea Bissau.

The political and economic situation in Guinea has steadily declined over the last year and the country could become the next in the sub region to be plunged into open conflict. Shots fired on the President Conte’s motorcade in January 2005 form part of the latest expression of discontent by the country’s population who over the last year has staged a number of strikes against increased food and fuel prices. The political dialogue between the President and the opposition is limited and the situation could deteriorate further in the coming months.

The prospects for presidential elections in Guinea Bissau, due to take place before 7 May 2005, remain bleak. President Rosa has limited space to manoeuvre politically to ensure a peaceful transition and the successful conduct of the election following the military uprising on 6 October 2004 and the negotiated settlement of 10 October 2004. The proliferation of candidates, major differences among the leading political parties on key national issues, and the segmentation and tensions within some of the leading political parties indicate the intensity of the power struggle that is taking place a few months before the election. The role of the Army also remains unclear as they continue to be entangled and engaged in the political processes.

The unconstitutional presidential transition in Togo to Faure Gnassingbe, the son of the late President Gnassingbe Eyadema on 6 February 2005 has left the country with a very unstable and volatile political situation. The transfer of power has been condemned by the international community and diplomatic sanctions have been imposed by ECOWAS to insist on the reestablishment of the constitution. International pressure has forced Faure Gnassingbe to agree in the conduct of general elections within 60 days although, according to the Constitution, this responsibility should have been placed under the leadership of the impeached Togolese Parliament speaker Ouattara Natchaba. Political manifestations by the opposition and by supporters of the new President have increased the political tension in the country and threaten to destabilize Togo and to affect neighbouring Ghana, Benin and Burkina Faso. According to the ongoing contingency planning exercise undertaken by the United Nations system and its partners in Togo, populations movements to be expected should an open conflict erupts are respectively estimated from 150,000 to 300,000 refugees and from 100,000 to 150,000 IDPS.

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2. Most Likely Scenarios

2.1 Desert Locust SituationFor the victims of the Desert Locust crisis, food insecurity will continue to persist throughout the region if not addressed. Rural to urban migration patterns are further expected to increase. The desert swarms will most likely return to West Africa from Northwest Africa at the beginning of the summer of 2005, probably in June or July. Although the scale of this invasion will be much smaller than in 2004, it is essential to expand the planning and early reaction capacities and to maintain the control operations to reduce the scale and impact of the locusts. Humanitarian response to the continued food insecurity is paramount and imperative to contain larger scale suffering of the most vulnerable.

2.2 Political Instability in the RegionWhile the situation remains very fragile in Côte d’Ivoire, the likelihood of a continued situation of “no peace and no war” is the most probable between the Forces Nouvelles in the North and President Laurent Gbagbo’s government in the South. Core assumptions and scenario need to remain flexible as further deterioration of the situation could be expected with the breakdown of social cohesion; increased inter-ethnic and inter-community tensions; and a steady increase in the level of crime particularly in Abidjan, as the economy continues to deteriorate.

The recent socio-economic and political developments in other countries in the region highlight the fact that West Africa continues to face interlinked and multifaceted crises due to political instability and the lack of effective post conflict transitions towards democracy. These trends will continue to affect the sub-regions strive towards peace adversely.

3. Strategic Priorities for Humanitarian Response

The strategic priorities for humanitarian response in the 2005 CAP will continue to strive to:

Mitigate the immediate life threatening consequences of both active and simmering civil conflicts in the sub-region;

Preserve coping capacities and social cohesiveness in host communities directly or indirectly affected by complex emergencies; and

Manage the aftermath of the Desert Locust invasion that has affected almost the entire sub-region.

Foster sub-regional coordination of humanitarian actors to ensure efficiency in a resource-stringent environment and intertwined areas of instability.

The political situation in West Africa remains precarious, and the region’s population will continue to face a high level of insecurity. However no additional programs have been included in the addendum to address the political crisis and mitigate its possible effects.

The deterioration of the food security situation for the households affected by the Desert Locust has on the other hand led to substantial changes and addition in the strategic priorities for the humanitarian response originally set for the overall framework of the 2005 Consolidated Appeal. Serious attention will have to be drawn to responding to the diminished food security and the increased vulnerability experienced by the victims of the locust scourge and other protracted slow onset emergencies.

It is therefore imperative that food assistance and agricultural inputs be provided to the victims of the Desert Locust to bring them through the lean season and prepare them for next year’s harvest.

The UN has through this addendum developed programmes to mitigate the effects through food for work programmes; support of agricultural inputs for food crop production and by providing supplementary animal feed to avoid the exacerbation of conflicts due to the scarce natural resources. The programmes also aim to strengthen the capacity of the farmers to retain their agricultural production in the winter months of 2004 as well as the summer production for 2005. A lack of funding could exacerbate the socio-economic and political stability in the region and increase the number of people affected by chronic poverty.

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WEST AFRICAREVISION

The CAP 2005 appeals for US$ 190,258,786 to cover the humanitarian needs for the regions affected populations, of which more than 9 million have been affected by the Desert Locusts, and more than 2.5 million have been forced to leave their home due to ongoing slow onset conflicts and complex emergencies within the region.

Aware of the possible shift in media attention and donor commitment to other parts of the World hit by complex emergencies and/or natural disasters such as the impact of the tsunami in south-east Asia, the United Nations system in West Africa urges the donor community to remain committed to other humanitarian crises that are affecting large populations groups hence requiring additional resources for building in-country as well as sub-regional capacity for monitoring, preparedness and response.

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WEST AFRICAREVISION

NEW PROJECT

Appealing Agency FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION Project Title Emergency support to the production of vegetables in the regions of

the Sahel affected by Desert LocustsProject Code WA-05/A01Sector AgricultureObjectives Improve the availability of sufficient quantities of nutritious food, and

generate income, by promoting vegetable production through the distribution of seeds, fertilizer and hand tools.

Targeted Countries Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Mali, Mauritania, Niger and SenegalTargeted Beneficiaries 100,000 households severely affected by harvest loss caused by

the Desert Locusts and drought, in particular women and chronically vulnerable groups

Implementing Partners International and national NGOs, Ministries of AgricultureProject Duration January – December 2005Total Project Budget US$ 1,885,050Funds Requested for 2005 US$ 1,685,050

SUMMARYThe combination of locust infestation and the drought in the Sahel has caused very significant damage to both the pasture and the main food crops in specific locations. In order to support the coping mechanisms of the rural population and prevent them from having to migrate in search of food and income, this project aims to improve their food security through the provision of essential agricultural inputs for the production of vegetables, which will increase the quantity and quality of food available for family consumption and for sale on the market.

Specifically, the project will supply farmers with essential vegetable seeds (tomato, onion, aubergine, pepper, carrot,

lettuce, cabbage, watermelon, green beans), hand tools and fertilizer, to allow them to take advantage of the vegetable crop season from December to February/March;

supply those farmers who have access to water (irrigation, wells, oasis, low-lying humid land) with seeds to allow them to continue the production of vegetables throughout the year;

provide logistical and technical assistance to the villagers through the NGOs already implanted in the areas most affected by the locusts;

establish systems for monitoring the food security and the coping mechanisms of the rural populations through the network of partner NGOs and competent government services.

The project will allow the beneficiaries to mitigate the food-shortages caused by the insufficient cereal harvest and to fulfil their other basic needs, by producing vegetables for consumption and sale. This will contribute to stabilising the population on the land and avoid displacements that are likely to lead to increased vulnerability of households and social tensions. The monitoring aspect of the project will create a better understanding of the coping mechanisms of the rural population and will inform the targeting of the humanitarian interventions for the rest of 2005 and the preparations for a probable re-infestation in these at-risk areas.

FINANCIAL SUMMARYBudget Items US$

Agricultural inputs (seeds, fertilizer, watering cans, hoes) 705,000Personnel (5 national agronomists, 2 international consultants) 240,000Contracts with implementing partners 300,000Training (Farmer Field School model) 200,000Equipment, Operating costs (storage, transport, etc) and admin. support 325,000Direct Operating Cost (6,5%) 115,050Sub-total 1,885,050Minus available resources 200,000Total requested 1,685,050

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WEST AFRICAREVISION

NEW PROJECT

Appealing Agency FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION Project Title Emergency support to agro-pastoralists and pastoralists in areas of

the Sahel affected by drought and locusts Project Code WA-05/A02Sector AgricultureObjectives Support veterinary services and provide supplementary animal feed

to prevent spread of animal diseases, loss of agricultural assets and exacerbation of conflicts of natural resources

Targeted Countries Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Mali, Mauritania, Niger and SenegalTargeted Beneficiaries Primary beneficiaries: 200,000 pastoral and agro-pastoral

households severely affected by the Desert Locust and drought. Secondary beneficiaries: Farmers along migration routes

Implementing Partners International and national NGOs, Ministries of Agriculture and Livestock, WFP

Project Duration January – December 2005Total Project Budget US$ 3,067,200Funds Requested for 2005 US$ 3,067,200

SUMMARYThe drought and the locust infestation in the Sahel north of the 14 th parallel has caused significant stress on the water points and widespread damage to the grassland and shrubbery on which the agro-pastoral and pastoral communities rely. Consequently, the annual transhumance southwards started several months earlier than normal, creating tensions between herders and farmers who had not yet finished the harvest and among different groups of herders over increasingly scarce water and fodder resources. At the same time, the larger than usual concentration of animals will favour the spread of diseases.

The project aims to assist both pastoralists and agro-pastoralists directly and settled farmers along transhumance routes indirectly. While disease surveillance is of major importance, the opportunity for animal health campaigns (vaccination, deworming, etc.) for migrating herds is limited in the first half of 2005 as the transhumance began early and herds are already on the move. However, such activities must be foreseen through support to public and private veterinarians for the second half of the year, when herds return to the Sahel and in anticipation of the next onslaught of the locust. Furthermore, as the susceptibility to diseases is closely related to the nutritional condition of the migrating animals, the project will provide supplementary animal feed whenever feasible (including residues from the harvest and agro-industrial waste products, such as cotton seeds, oilcake, etc.) along transhumance corridors, and will ensure the rehabilitation of essential watering points. In addition, the project will facilitate a conflict mitigation dialogue between pastoralists and sedentary farmers to ease the inherent competition over natural resources.

The activities for the benefit of agro-pastoral households who do not migrate will focus on the most vulnerable among them, who have lost a large part of their crops and who have few animals, mainly goats, sheep and poultry. To ensure that a minimum of healthy animals survive, the project will increase the capacity of local veterinarians to offer preventive and curative animal health care through provision, free or at reduced cost, of equipment and medicines. Supplementary feed will be made available free or at subsidised price when feasible. In addition, the project will distribute well-adapted fodder seeds to agro-pastoralists and to farmers along migration corridors, through Food-for-Work (FFW) in collaboration with World Food Programme (WFP), to boost the production of animal feed and reduce the dependence on overgrazed natural pasture.

FINANCIAL SUMMARYBudget Items US$

Agricultural inputs (feed, veterinary equipment and drugs) 2,000,000Personnel (1 international consultant (veterinarian), 5 national consultants (veterinarians)) 180,000Contracts with implementing partners 400,000Equipment, Operating costs (storage, transport, etc) and administrative support 300,000Direct Operating Cost (6,5%) 187,200Sub-total 3,067,200Minus available resources 0Total requested 3,067,200

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WEST AFRICAREVISION

NEW PROJECT

Appealing Agency FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION Project Title Emergency provision of agricultural inputs for food crop production

in areas of the Sahel most severely affected by drought and locusts Project Code WA-05/A03Sector AgricultureObjectives Ensure that farmers and agro-pastoralists affected by drought and

locusts be given access to the necessary food crop seeds to allow them to resume their food production for consumption and sale

Targeted Countries Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Mali, Mauritania, Niger and SenegalTargeted Beneficiaries 300,000 farmers and agro-pastoral households severely affected by

damage caused by the Desert Locusts and drought in 2004Implementing Partners International and national NGOs, Ministries of Agriculture, WFPProject Duration January – December 2005Total Project Budget US$ 4,713,690Funds Requested for 2005 US$ 4,713,690

SUMMARYThe combination of drought and locust attacks north of the 14 th parallel in the Sahel has caused severe losses of the main cereal harvest in Mauritania (35% nationally) and losses of up to 100% in localized pockets in the other countries. The poorest households are therefore now faced with a bleak food security situation in addition to a lack of access to seeds for the next growing season, having no seed stocks and being unable to buy seeds on the market due to a low purchasing power.

To address this situation, the project proposes to increase the access of these highly vulnerable population groups to the most essential seeds varieties to allow them to benefit both from the short growing season (February/May) and from the main food crop season which begins in May/June. Crop seeds for the short season will be proposed to farmers and farmers associations with access to water and would include rice, maize and short cycle sorghum and millet, while for the long rain-fed crop season the seeds to be provided include millet, sorghum, rice, beans (niébé) and groundnut.

The modalities for implementation will vary from country to country but will take account of any availability on the local market or in neighbouring regions of the appropriate seed varieties. Seed fair/seed voucher schemes will be utilized as much as possible (dependent on the capacity of partners to implement such schemes) to ensure that farmers obtain the seeds they prefer and that the intervention boosts the local economy. Similarly, the project will support distribution for free or at reduced prices through existing structures such as the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) supported state input shops (the boutiques d’intrants successfully implemented in Niger), cereal banks or through cost recovery interventions managed by NGOs implanted in the target areas. Direct, free, distribution will be limited to situations where no better options exist.

Particular attention will be paid to the local growing conditions in the locust-affected areas where constraints regarding rainfall or soil quality may dictate the use of very specific seed varieties. As some seed multiplication facilities specialising in these varieties were significantly damaged by locusts, the project will also provide support to restarting the production of these seeds under the “Declared Seed Quality Scheme”, as access to these seeds is essential to obtain a satisfactory harvest.

FINANCIAL SUMMARYBudget Items US$

Agricultural inputs (Seeds of millet, sorghum, maize, rice, groundnut and beans) 3,582,000Personnel (2 international agronomists (6 months each), 6 national agronomists (12 months each))

344,000

Contracts with implementing partners 200,000Equipment, Operating costs (storage, transport, monitoring, internal travel) and administrative support

300,000

Direct Operating Cost (6,5%) 287,690Sub-total 4,713,690Minus available resources 0Total requested 4,713,690

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WEST AFRICAREVISION

NEW PROJECT

Appealing Agency FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION Project Title Community-level involvement in Desert Locust control Project Code WA-05/A04Sector AgricultureObjectives Strengthen the understanding of rural communities of the threat

posed by Desert Locust to their crops and how to respond to the threat without risk to people’s health or to their livestock.

Targeted countries Burkina Faso, Cap Verde, Chad, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal

Targeted beneficiaries Populations of villages and communities in locust-affected areas (50 villages in each affected country)

Implementing Partners NGOs, Ministries of AgricultureProject Duration May - December 2005Total Project Budget US$ 1,245,000Funds Requested for 2005 US$ 945,000

During the locust campaign of the summer and autumn 2004, more attention could have been paid to informing the rural population of the likely threat from incoming locust swarms, how they should report the presence of locusts and obtain assistance from the National Locust Control Unit/Plant Protection Service (NLCU/PPS) of their country, and what they can do by themselves to combat the problem until assistance arrives, without jeopardizing their health. This project aims to rectify this by an information campaign through pamphlets and radio broadcasts, and the promotion of traditional pest control methods. Where farmers are already exposed to Integrated Pest Management approaches through Farmer Field Schools, methods for combating locusts and grasshoppers will be included in the subject coverage.

Using the network of village associations established and supported by NGOs and the relevant technical entities of the governments, the project will thus: sensitise farmers and pastoralists to the importance of informing the authorities about all locust

activities in their areas so as to allow for efficient and timely control measures; inform farmers about the responsibilities of the NLCU/PPS to control large infestations of locusts

and the methods used. Explain the risks to human health and livestock attached to pesticide applications by ground or aerial means, and the need, after spraying, to respect pre-harvest intervals and to keep livestock out of sprayed areas for the requisite period;

prepare and distribute a single-page simple leaflet to villages that shows what Desert Locust looks like, instructing people to immediately contact the appropriate authorities (indicate organization and contact information) when Desert Locusts are seen and advising them on appropriate actions and of the dangers of inappropriate ones;

remind farmers of traditional methods for combating locusts, such as digging trenches when hopper bands approach crops, and when and how best to apply them. Distribute suitable digging tools for this purpose;

The sensitisation aspects of the project should target about 50 villages in the areas that have been most infested during the 2004 upsurge.In parallel to the project’s activities, FAO will continue to investigate locust control products that would have no health risks for farmers attached to them. If such investigations should prove positive, it may be possible in the future to equip farmers to carry out spraying of locusts to protect their own fields.

FINANCIAL SUMMARYBudget Items US$

Inputs: tools (spades, hoes) 100,0001 international consultant with expertise in training on locust control (6 months) 90,0001 national consultant per country (6 months X 10 countries-) 120,000Contracts with implementing partners 250,000Preparation and distribution of one-page leaflet in local languages 250,000Sensitization workshops for villagers 155,000Office equipment, Operating costs (storage, transport, etc) and admin. support 150,000Direct Operating Cost 130,000Sub-total 1,245,000Minus available resources 300,000Total requested 945,000

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WEST AFRICAREVISION

REVISED PROJECTAppealing Agency FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION Project Title Regional emergency coordination unit for West AfricaProject Code WA-05/CSS08 Sector Coordination and Support ServicesObjectives Facilitate locust control operations, collect and disseminate

information on locust infestations and household food security, and mitigate the effects of natural and complex emergencies on vulnerable rural households and prevent rural exodus.

Targeted beneficiaries Governments, vulnerable rural households affected by locust infestations, IDPs, returnees, refugees, host communities, other vulnerable rural populations, donors, UN partners and NGOs.

Implementing Partners Ministries of Agriculture and Livestock, UN agencies, local and international NGOs, donors, farmers’ associations.

Project Duration January – December 2005Total Project Budget US$ 1,187,500Funds Requested for 2005 US$ 987,500

SUMMARYLocust infestations affected eight sahelian countries (Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Chad, Gambia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger and Senegal) during the summer and autumn of 2004 and are expected to return in the summer of 2005. This new threat is surfacing in very poor countries that have been confronted in recent years with severe natural crises and complex emergencies, rendering them economically and socially vulnerable to further shocks.

The regional emergency coordination unit established by FAO in Dakar in September 2004 contributes to the regional coordination of the Desert Locust control operations within the framework of the Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Western Region. (CLCPRO) and supports the elaboration of strategies to mitigate the humanitarian impact and of targeting criteria that take account of the livelihoods of the affected households. The unit implements interventions aimed at increasing the food security of the most vulnerable rural population. The unit is the regional reference point for timely, reliable and updated information on the locust situation produced by the Desert Locust Information Service (DLIS) at FAO HQ in close collaboration with CLCPRO. All regional partners are also informed of the scope and location of control operations, crop losses (including pasture), impact on food availability and consumption, levels of vulnerability and coping mechanisms.

While the structure of the unit is flexible to reflect the changing requirements as the locust disaster unfolds over time, it is envisaged to include an emergency coordinator, two agronomists and a food security information manager working with a team of national agronomists in the affected countries to ensure the continuous assessment of needs and the preparation of response plans. The unit will also be staffed with a locust expert to support locust control operations coordinated by FAO HQ and with subject specific locust experts (environment, logistics, training, etc) to be fielded on an as-needed basis.

The outcome of this project will be the elaboration and implementation of well-designed response plans by all actors, making optimal use of available information and resources, and taking full account of the particular situation faced by each of the countries affected by the combination of drought, locusts and complex emergency. This would serve to reduce the impact on the population, limiting their need to move in search of assistance and would protect the social stability of the region.

FINANCIAL SUMMARYBudget Items US$

International expertise (Coordinator, agronomists, locust experts, food security information manager, ad-hoc consultants) 700,000National staff (in 5 countries) 170,000General Operating Expenses (including office running costs, travel, M&E) 140,000Equipment (Vehicles, computer and communication material) 80,000Technical support costs (incl. Reporting) 25,000Direct Operating Cost 72,500Sub-total 1,187,500Minus available resources 200,000Total requested 987,500

10

WEST AFRICAREVISION

NEW PROJECT

Appealing Agency WORLD FOOD PROGRAMME Project Title Assistance to populations affected by the drought and locust

invasion in 2004Project Code WA-05/F05Sector Food AidObjectives Life-saving, recovery and self-relianceTarget Beneficiaries 400,000Implementing Partners NGOsProject Duration February – August 2005Funds Requested US$ 2,974,420

SUMMARYAgricultural production in Niger in 2004 was severely affected by both a locust infestation and a drought in the agro-pastoral areas of the country. The loss in cereal production is estimated at 15% compared to the average annual production over the last 5 years in the affected regions. The deficit is heavily concentrated in the poorest, most food insecure and vulnerable departments where local deficits are well above the structural deficits. In these poor areas, the food crisis has a serious impact on already vulnerable populations

Certain signs of an impending food crisis have been noted, including: an early and unusual rise in post-harvest cereal prices; scarcity of local foodstuffs (the Government has informally requested WFP to discontinue local

purchases); decline in livestock prices; unusually high migration (early departure on migration in search of work especially widespread

among adult males, though migration of whole families is on the rise); early transhumance risking the consumption by livestock of crops to be harvested; and usage of unsustainable survival strategies (including a massive liquidation of livestock and other

assets and the excessive cutting down of trees as a source of income thus accelerating desertification).

In view of the situation, the Government issued an urgent appeal for 78,100 MTs of emergency food aid on November 25, 2004. Taking into account pledges of assistance from other partners, WFP has decided to respond to the country’s food aid needs through EMOP 10398.0. Through this operation, WFP will deliver 6,562 MTs of food to 400,000 beneficiaries for a period of six months through Food-for-Work (FFW), Food-for-Training (FFT) and cereal bank activities. This activity constitutes an assistance to those whose food security has been the most adversely affected in Tillabery, Tahoua, Maradi and Zinder regions, as identified by a FAO/CILSS/WFP joint crop and food supply assessment mission in October 2004.

WFP Niger is currently in a preparatory phase to ensure that activities will be able to commence by 15 February 2005. The timing of the arrival of food is crucial. For the project to be able to achieve its objectives, the food should be available in country no later than April 2005. There are several reasons for this urgency: (i) the works planned must be conducted during the lean season, which has already started in the most vulnerable areas targeted by this operation, (ii) FFW activities must be conducted before the beginning of the agricultural season when villagers will be working in their fields and the rainy season, (iii) certain sites will be inaccessible for transporters when the rainy season begins. Finally, the inability to purchase food locally has led to the decision to focus on regional purchases which require more time to conduct.

FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR 2005Budget Items US$

A. Direct Operational CostsCommodities (6,562 MTs)External transportLTSHOther direct operational costs

Sub-total

1,938,08015,174

546,596155,778

2,655,628B. Direct Support Cost 124,204C. Indirect Support Cost (7.0%) 194,588TOTAL 2,974,420

11

WEST AFRICAREVISION

NEW PROJECT

Appealing Agency WORLD FOOD PROGRAMME Project Title Strengthening of the means of subsistence of drought-affected

populationsProject Code WA-05/F06Sector Food AidObjectives Life-saving, recovery and self-relianceTarget Beneficiaries 400,000Implementing Partners NGOsProject Duration January 2005 -December 2007 (3 years)Funds Requested for 2005 US$ 15,996,325

SUMMARYThe Desert Locust invasion of the summer of 2004 has adversely affected the food security of Mauritanian households. According to the FAO/CILSS crop assessment, the 2004 cereal crop will be 36% below the 5-year average. Losses for rain fed cereal crops are 48% the 5 year average. Drought has also affected pasture and livestock, a key contributor to the food security of rural households. A Vulnerability and Mapping (VAM) survey in October 2004 has indicated that 60% of households are food insecure or highly vulnerable to food insecurity. The 2005 lean season will be longer and more intense than in a normal year for these households. As such, PRRO operations in 2005 will be the first line of response to the needs caused by the locust crisis.

PRRO 10359.0 aims to respond to rural households' increased vulnerability to food insecurity caused by successive years of drought and the locust infestation. Indeed, VAM surveys demonstrate that key food security indicators had not recovered in spite of a good 2003/2004 growing season. The project's strategy is to strengthen the livelihoods of affected populations and make them more resilient to future shocks through the creation of productive assets, training and the creation of village food security stocks. Activities target 400,000 people, of whom 53% are women.

The project will operate in 73 vulnerable communes in the regions of Brakna, Gorgol, Assaba, Hodh el Gharbi and Tagant. A Total of 400,000 people will benefit from asset creation activities and access to village food security stocks. The asset creation will focus on water management and the construction and rehabilitation of small dykes and reservoirs. All beneficiaries will receive training pertaining to the management of the physical assets and the food security stocks. Commodity distributions will be managed by NGOs, namely Rashaida Free Lions Movement (FLM), World Vision and Oxfam.

FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR 2005Budget Items US$

A. Direct Operational CostsCommodities (31,560 MTs)External transportLTSHOther direct operational costs

Sub-total

6,167,5474,820,8891,453,476

981,55213,423,464

B. Direct Support Cost 1,526,372C. Indirect Support Cost (7.0%) 1,046,489TOTAL 15,996,325

12

WEST AFRICAREVISION

NEW PROJECT

Appealing Agency WORLD FOOD PROGRAMME Project Title Assistance to populations affected by the drought and locust

invasion in 2004Project Code WA-05/F07Sector Food AidObjectives Life-saving, recovery and self-relianceTarget Beneficiaries 444,500Implementing Partners NGOsProject Duration January – December 2005Funds Requested US$ 7,389,502

SUMMARYIn Mali the conjugation of the locust attacks and early stoppage of rains has seriously affected, at varying degrees, the food security situation of approximately 1.7 million poor farmers in 130 communes along the 15th parallel. The locust attacks have affected primarily zones and communities with serious chronic difficulties of availability and accessibility to sufficient food, in addition to limited income-generating activities these zones suffer from precarious nutritional and sanitary conditions.

The anti locust campaign was energetic but marked by slowness in the mobilisation of the terrestrial and air means of response, because donor contributions took time to arrive. As a result, crops and pastures were damaged. Intervention capacities of the Malian State have particularly worsened this year, through the rise in oil prices, the cumulative difficulties of the cotton and gold sectors, the Ivory Coast conflict and the bad crop year.

The Government of Mali, based on its Early Warning Unit and a joint WFP-VAM/SAP rapid assessment (October 2004) released 10,000 tons of its National Food Security Stock for immediate emergency response in 83 critically affected communes and requested the international community for 51,000 MTs of food assistance. WFP assistance is part of the National Response Plan of the “Commissariat à la Sécurité Alimentaire”.

The general objective of WFP’s support is twofold, first to bring an immediate assistance to the most affected populations which exhausted all their normal coping strategies and which have began to sell their productive stock and to migrate in a significant way. Secondly it will contribute to the maintenance and reinforcement of the productive potential in the disaster zones in order to secure the next crop year. This component will be implemented through FFW in support of Implementation Partners (IP) activities (national and international NGOs and bilateral cooperation projects) already inserted in the national response plan.

WFP has prepared a 12-month EMOP to cover food needs of 444,500 people. A total of 12,839 MTs are requested with 3,500 MTs going to reconstitute the National Food Security Stock and 9,339 MTs to carry out alternative activities to revitalize next year’s agricultural campaign.

The negative impact of the locust crisis has been compounded by the end of season drought which prevented cultures that escaped the locusts to buckle their cycles, late or of counter season cultures (late sorghum, horticulture and manioc) would then be compromised. Under these conditions, one can expect an increase in the food insecurity in the communes most affected in the months to come. In particular, the 2005 lean season could start earlier and be of longer duration.

FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR 2005Budget Items US$

A. Direct Operational CostsCommodities (12,839 MTs)External transportLTSHOther direct operational costs

Sub-total

2,811,1201,254,7422,285,214

260,0006,611,076

B. Direct Support Cost 295,000C. Indirect Support Cost (7.0%) 483,426TOTAL 7,389,502

13

OFFICE FOR THE COORDINATION OF HUMANITARIAN AFFAIRS(OCHA)

NEW YORK OFFICE GENEVA OFFICEUNITED NATIONS PALAIS DES NATIONS

NEW YORK, N.Y. 10017 1211 GENEVA 10USA SWITZERLAND

TELEFAX: (1 212) 963.3630 TELEFAX: (41 22) 917.0368

Appeal for Funds

CHAP

The Consolidated Appeals Process: an inclusive, coordinated programme cycle in emergencies to:

Report

Revise the Plan

Monitor &Evaluate

Implement a CoordinatedProgramme

Plan theResponse

Identify Roles &Responsibilities

Set Goals

BuildScenarios

Assess Needs

Analyse the Context

Appeal for Funds

CHAP

The Consolidated Appeals Process: an inclusive, coordinated programme cycle in emergencies to:

Report

Revise the Plan

Monitor &Evaluate

Implement a CoordinatedProgramme

Plan theResponse

Identify Roles &Responsibilities

Set Goals

BuildScenarios

Assess Needs

Analyse the Context

Appeal for Funds

CHAP

The Consolidated Appeals Process: an inclusive, coordinated programme cycle in emergencies to:

Report

Revise the Plan

Monitor &Evaluate

Implement a CoordinatedProgramme

Plan theResponse

Identify Roles &Responsibilities

Set Goals

BuildScenarios

Assess Needs

Analyse the Context