May 2008

S. B. Hyun and S.W. Kang (ETRI)Slide 1

doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#>

Submission

Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)

Submission Title: [Applications of Hybrid RFID]Date Submitted: [08 May, 2008]Source: [Seok Bong Hyun, Sung Weon Kang] Company [ETRI]Address [161 Gajeong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-700, KOREA]Voice:[+82-42-860-1274], FAX: [+82-42-860-6860], E-Mail:[sbhyun@etri.re.kr]

Re: [IEEE 802.15 RFID Study Group Call for Contributions, IEEE P802.15-08-0089-03-rfid.doc]

Abstract: [This presentation is a response to the 802.15 RFID Study Group call for contributions]

Purpose: [To discuss issues with current RFID and applications of hybrid RFID]

Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.

May 2008

S. B. Hyun and S.W. Kang (ETRI)Slide 2

doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#>

Submission

Applications of Hybrid RFID

Seok Bong Hyun and Sung Weon Kang

ETRI

May 2008

May 2008

S. B. Hyun and S.W. Kang (ETRI)Slide 3

doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#>

Submission

Contents

• Issues in current RFID

• Issues in the IEEE 802 standards

• Features of Hybrid RFID/WPAN

• Hybrid RFID Applications

• Comparison

• Summary

May 2008

S. B. Hyun and S.W. Kang (ETRI)Slide 4

doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#>

Submission

Issues in current RFID (1/2)

• Incomplete specification of Semi-Active (Passive) sensor networks– ISO 18000-6C for class-3 tags describes battery assisted tags.

– Air interface protocol according to EPC/ISO passive mode operation (ASK backscatter reflection) may reduce the communication range.

– ISO 18000-7 (active 433MHz) does not specify semi-active operation.

Digital

Power ISO/IEC 18000-6C

+ ISO/IEC 24753

Non-VolatileMemory

Sensor

Sensor Interface

Power

Analog

Power Selector

Battery

860~960MHz

Tag ChipRFID

Interrogator

Back-scatterReflection

4W EIRP (USA)0.5W ERP (EU)

May 2008

S. B. Hyun and S.W. Kang (ETRI)Slide 5

doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#>

Submission

Issues in current RFID (2/2)

• Standardization related to real-time location systems (RTLS)– RFID based on the EPCglobal protocol cannot be used in the RTLS.

– There are a few proprietary (pre-standard) RTLS tags in the market.

• Reliability / Security – Error-rate depends on environments

• Communication range– Limited read range (< 10m) of EPC/ISO RFID

• Multi-reader (interrogator) collision– Signal from one reader can interfere with the signal from another.

• Integration with a new or existing IEEE 802 standard– ISO RFID standards and IEEE 802.15.4/4a/TG6

May 2008

S. B. Hyun and S.W. Kang (ETRI)Slide 6

doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#>

Submission

RFID Standards

ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31/WG 4/SG 3RFID for Item Management Air Interface (ISO 18000)

• ISO/IEC 18000-1 - Generic parameters - Air interface• ISO/IEC 18000-2 - Parameters for air interface below 135 kHz• ISO/IEC 18000-3 - Parameters for air interface at 13.56 MHz

– includes Mode 1 (15693) and Mode 2 (PJM)– draft includes Mode 3 (13,56 physical - Gen 2 logical)

• ISO/IEC 18000-4 - Parameters for air interface at 2.45 GHz• ISO/IEC 18000-6 - Parameters for air interface at 860-960 MHz

– includes Type A and Type B (INCITS 256)– includes Type C (EPCglobal Gen2)– draft includes battery-assist (PowerPaper and Intelleflex)

• ISO/IEC 18000-7 - Parameters for active air interface at 433.92 MHz

May 2008

S. B. Hyun and S.W. Kang (ETRI)Slide 7

doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#>

Submission

Issues in the IEEE 802 standards

• Existing IEEE 802 standards do not support battery-less operation

– It is necessary to retrieve information even when the battery is fully discharged.• Example : Implantable device, buried sensor,

tire pressure monitor (TPMS)

– Specification of passive or semi-active operation • Energy transfer or harvesting mechanism

Implantabledevice

Interrogator

May 2008

S. B. Hyun and S.W. Kang (ETRI)Slide 8

doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#>

Submission

Features of Hybrid RFID/WPAN

• Semi-active operation– Introduce semi-active operation to IEEE 802 PHY/MAC– Sensor devices (“nodes”) receive there operating energy

from an RF carrier or energy harvesting module during an interval between active states.

• Utilization of a wide range of material as a transmission medium– Human body, Metal, liquids, …

CW (Charging)

time

Sensing

Link

May 2008

S. B. Hyun and S.W. Kang (ETRI)Slide 9

doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#>

Submission

Hybrid RFID Applications

• EPC/ISO RFID with human body communication– Identification information is transferred via human body

channel – “Touch-ID” for secure and handy communication

ID information in a wearable device

Human body as a transmission medium

Hands-free operation

RFID reader in a wearable device

May 2008

S. B. Hyun and S.W. Kang (ETRI)Slide 10

doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#>

Submission

RFID in the Healthcare Applications

• Supply chain management• Hospital Asset management• Security and access control

management• Consumer (patient) applications

– Doctor/Patient Tracking

Current RFID standards are not enough to satisfy requirements in some applications.

U.S. Institute of Medicine reported that more than 44,000 people die each year as a result of preventable medical errors.(Ref: L Kohn et.al., “To Err is Human: Building a safer health system,” National Academy Press, 2000)

RFID is expected to be a solution

May 2008

S. B. Hyun and S.W. Kang (ETRI)Slide 11

doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#>

Submission

Hybrid RFID in Healthcare

• Reduce wrong drug/blood or dosage– Current UHF RFID is not appropriate due to accuracy

problem.– 13.56MHz RFID has been used. – Hybrid RFID can improve accuracy and convenience.

Identification and sensing by touching

Pfizer decided to incorporate RFID tag into the packaging in US.

In Korea, 7 special medicine will be traced using RFID. The Infectious medical waste should be tracked using RFID due to environmental Law (from 2008).

May 2008

S. B. Hyun and S.W. Kang (ETRI)Slide 12

doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#>

Submission

Comparison

EPC/ISO RFID WPAN (IEEE 15.4/15.1) Hybrid RFID

Power consumption Very low ( a few uW) Low ( a few mW) Very low

Transmission medium

Air Air Air/Human body

Data Rate 640kbps

40kbps typical250kbps (15.4)

~ 10Mbps~ Mbps

Frequency125~135kHz, 13.56MHz

433.9MHz860~960MHz, 2450MHz

868/915MHz2400~2484MHz

~100MHz (body)860~960MHz (air)

Accuracy (Error rate)

Normal(Error > 0.1%)

Good( < 0.1%)

Good( < 0.1%)

BatteryNone (Passive)

Necessary (Active)Necessary Optional

Energy transmission or harvesting

EM wave (Passive)None (Active)

NoneEM wave,

direct current

May 2008

S. B. Hyun and S.W. Kang (ETRI)Slide 13

doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#>

Submission

Summary

• Current EPC/ISO RFID standards are not sufficient for semi-active operation

• Hybrid RFID can improve convenience and performance– Data accuracy, reliability and security

• Hybrid RFID applications

May 2008

S. B. Hyun and S.W. Kang (ETRI)Slide 14

doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#>

Submission

Thank you