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18 March, 2008
Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 1
doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-08-0163-00-0006
Submission
Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)
Submission Title: [Applications, Channels, and Radio Architectures]Date Submitted: [18 March, 2008]Source: [Guido Dolmans] Company [Holst Centre / IMEC-NL]Address [High Tech Campus 31, Eindhoven, the Netherlands]Voice:[+31 40 2774094], FAX: [+44 40 2746400], E-Mail:[[email protected]]
Re: []
Abstract: [This presentation puts forward a list of applications, channel models, and radio architectures.]
Purpose: [For discussion by the group in order to provide applications scenarios, develop channel models and discuss radio architectures for IEEE P802.15.6.]
Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.
18 March, 2008
Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 2
doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-08-0163-00-0006
Submission
Presentation Outline
Applications
Channel Models
Radio Architectures
18 March, 2008
Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 3
doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-08-0163-00-0006
Submission
Medical check-up Physical rehabilitation Physiological monitoring
BAN Applications
BAN Applications
HEALTHCARE
ASSISTED LIVING
Blind person Speech disability Artificial hands/legs
Wearable audio Video game controller Fitness monitoring
ENTERTAINMENT & SPORTS
18 March, 2008
Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 4
doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-08-0163-00-0006
Submission
From Technology to Emerging Health Monitoring Concepts
• Wireless autonomous EEG monitoring• Wireless sleep staging• Wireless ECG patch
• Wireless Emotion Monitoring
18 March, 2008
Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 5
doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-08-0163-00-0006
Submission
Wireless ambulatory EEG monitoring• ULP biopotential read-
out ASIC• 3D-SiP layer integration• 1cm3• Low power <10mW
2002 2006 2008
18 March, 2008
Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 6
doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-08-0163-00-0006
Submission
Wireless EEG system powered by body heat
• 2 channel wireless EEG– 10m range– Consuming 0.8mW
• Thermo electric generator– 2mW– 0.03mW/cm2
Thermo-electric
generator
Powerconditioningelectronicsand energybuffering
EEGelectrodes
Ultra lowpower EEGamplifiers
Digitalsignal
processing& control
RadioTransceiver
(2.4 GHz)
Thermo-electric
generator
Powerconditioningelectronicsand energybuffering
EEGelectrodes
Ultra lowpower EEGamplifiers
Digitalsignal
processing& control
RadioTransceiver
(2.4 GHz)
Thermo-electricgenerator EEG
electrode
Electronicsunit
Stretchableheadband
Thermo-electricgenerator EEG
electrode
Electronicsunit
Stretchableheadband
18 March, 2008
Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 7
doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-08-0163-00-0006
Submission
Wireless Sleep monitoring
• Sleep apnea prevalence – Europe: 4% male population, 2% female population– USA: 10% population
• Narcolepsy prevalence – 1 in 1359
• Dramatic socio-economic consequences
• Current sleep monitoring systems– Expensive, non-natural environment– Wired systems: cumbersome, noisy, hinder
mobility
• Wireless sleep staging system– Ambulatory and comfort– Pre-screening in home environment
18 March, 2008
Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 8
doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-08-0163-00-0006
Submission
Wireless Body Area Network for sleep staging
• Enhanced patient comfort– No wires from head to body– Miniaturized and light-weight
• Noise reduction
• 20+ hours autonomy
18 March, 2008
Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 9
doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-08-0163-00-0006
Submission
Preliminary clinical evaluation
18 March, 2008
Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 10
doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-08-0163-00-0006
Submission
Wireless ECG patch• Hybrid integration
– Electronics integration on flex substrate
– Textile integration for stretchability
• Flexible core part
– ULP bio-potential read-out front end
– 175mAh Li-ion battery
• Band-aid integration
– Wire-free and easy to set-up
– Fits any body shapes and electrode placement
18 March, 2008
Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 11
doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-08-0163-00-0006
Submission
Towards automated arrhythmia detection
99.5499.5410010099.9099.9099.90Se(% )
7.903.98-1.18-1.416.4510.8312.06Me (samples)
22.9719.4813.214.4413.9622.6132.33Sd (samples)
3542354236233623319431943194# annotations
TendTpeakQRSendQRSonPendPpeakPonParameters
99.5499.5410010099.9099.9099.90Se(% )
7.903.98-1.18-1.416.4510.8312.06Me (samples)
22.9719.4813.214.4413.9622.6132.33Sd (samples)
3542354236233623319431943194# annotations
TendTpeakQRSendQRSonPendPpeakPonParameters
18 March, 2008
Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 12
doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-08-0163-00-0006
Submission
Monitoring emotions
Emotional response
ANS
Homeostasis…
CNS
Control behaviorInfo processing
…
Vocal system
Speech…
• Emotional response is one of many reasons for changes in ANS, CNS and vocal system– Need to isolate emotion
response– Need for integration of
multi-modalities
• Ultra-low-power wireless sensor nets as enabling technology
18 March, 2008
Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 13
doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-08-0163-00-0006
Submission
Emotion monitoring: psycho-physiological response to external stimuli
18 March, 2008
Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 14
doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-08-0163-00-0006
Submission
First prototype of emotion monitor
EmotionCla
ssifi
er
ECG
GSR
Temp
Respiration
MeanMean 1st diff
MeanMean 1st diff
Mean
MeanMean 1st diff
Emotion
HR + filter
analysis
Filter
Filter
RR + filter
FFT
Cla
ssifi
er
ECG
GSR
Temp
Respiration
MeanMean 1st diff
MeanMean 1st diff
Mean
MeanMean 1st diff
Emotion
HR + filter
analysis
Filter
Filter
RR + filter
FFT
18 March, 2008
Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 15
doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-08-0163-00-0006
Submission
Application 1: monitoring psycho-physiological (emotional) acceptance of drug treatment
Hospital analysis
WB
AN
: U
LP U
WB
for
15.
14a
stan
dard
Net
wor
k (s
ecur
ity,
priv
acy,
rel
iabi
lity)
Continuous monitoring from home
18 March, 2008
Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 16
doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-08-0163-00-0006
Submission
Application 2: Biofeedback and emotion controlECG, Respiration
Temperature, GSR
Back muscle stiffness
Emotionclassification
FeedbackVisualAuditivePharmaceutical
18 March, 2008
Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 17
doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-08-0163-00-0006
Submission
Presentation Outline
Applications
Channel Models
Radio Architectures
18 March, 2008
Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 18
doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-08-0163-00-0006
Submission
• Deployment of BAN devices can be indoor, outdoor, in home, hospital, small clinic, fitness center
• Wearable BAN: multipath including blocking sensitive to human movement (e.g. twisting, turning, sitting,
walking, running) • Implantable BAN:
Different path losses among organs and tissues
: on-body devices: in-body devices
Implant Wearable
PHY choice wearable BAN: narrowband or UWB ?
BAN Propagation Scenarios
18 March, 2008
Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 19
doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-08-0163-00-0006
Submission
BAN Measurements
• Measurements on body (around and along the torso)
18 March, 2008
Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 20
doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-08-0163-00-0006
Submission
Narrowband ISM Band Measurements
Measured pathloss around the body
18 March, 2008
Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 21
doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-08-0163-00-0006
Submission
UWB BAN Measurements (1)
PdB = P0dB + 10n log(d=d0)
• Path Loss around and along the torso
Antennas are separated from the body by 5mm
18 March, 2008
Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 22
doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-08-0163-00-0006
Submission
UWB BAN Measurements (2)
• Power fluctuations of body standing still and in a walking motion
18 March, 2008
Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 23
doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-08-0163-00-0006
Submission
Path loss diffracted around the body is much higher than waves traveling along the front the body
Significant variations when arms are moved so that they shadow the LOS between the two antennas
Significant amount of energy due to reflections from objects in surrounding office environment after 30 cm TX-RX separation.
UWB BAN Measurements Conclusions
18 March, 2008
Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 24
doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-08-0163-00-0006
Submission
Presentation Outline
Applications
Channel Models
Radio Architectures
18 March, 2008
Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 25
doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-08-0163-00-0006
Submission
S10W
A10W
FrontEnd
20W DSP20W
Radio20W
Micropower System -100W
P20W
Technology
Thermal, Vibrational, RF, Light, Bio-chemical
NonElectrical
World
18 March, 2008
Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 26
doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-08-0163-00-0006
Submission
Fundamental design guidelines (recapitulation)
• Miniaturized sensor nodes – small form factor• Limited range (0.01 to 2 meters, extendable to 5 meters)• Extremely low consumption power (0.1 to 1 mW)• Significant path loss• Energy scavenging / battery-less operation• Scalable data rate: 10 bps - 1 Mbps, extendable to 10 Mbps• Different classes of QoS for high reliability, asymmetric traffic• Energy efficient, low complexity MAC and upper layers• High security/privacy required for certain applications
18 March, 2008
Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 27
doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-08-0163-00-0006
Submission
Network Characteristics• Traffic patterns and features:
Continuous periodic data e.g., low rate medical signals, or high rate audio streaming
Event-driven/burst data e.g., transmission requests, network commands, alarm signals
Upstream data from sensors to controller are dominant
Little redundancy in traffic, as limited space on body for redundant sensors
• Network topology Multihop optionally Reservation based MAC Star network Receiver diversity optionally
18 March, 2008
Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 28
doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-08-0163-00-0006
Submission
Proposed Networks Receive diversity option
Relay channel option: data rate is very low (below 1Mbps)
ECC encoding
Wake up strategy
Smart wake up receiver
Routing algorithms
ULP radio
Subsampling / superregenerative receivers
Modulation scheme
BPSK
OOK
18 March, 2008
Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 29
doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-08-0163-00-0006
Submission
Receiver Diversity Exploitation
Sensor node: extremely tight power budget
Shifting as much complexity as possible to the master device
Master device: slightly more relaxed power budget
Exploitation of receiver diversity to reduce transmission power
Spatial Diversity(multiple antennas)
Temporal Diversity(oversampling)
Networking Diversity(multiple routes)
Motivation
Possible Solutions
18 March, 2008
Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 30
doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-08-0163-00-0006
Submission
Receiver Diversity Example
Sensor Node
Sensor Node
Master Device
Master device can jointly process data from different links.
Networking Diversity
Spatial Diversity
Temporal Diversity