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7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 1
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)
Submission Title: [PHY Layer Submission for 802.15.3c]Date Submitted: [7 May 2007]Source: [André Bourdoux, Stefaan Derore, Jimmy Nsenga, Wim Van Thillo - IMEC]Address [Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium]Voice:[+32-16-288215], FAX: [+32-16-281515], E-Mail:[[email protected]]
Re: [TG3c technical requirements]
Abstract: []
Purpose: [Proposed PHY layer for IEEE802.15.3c 60 GHz WPANs]
Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 2
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
Introduction
• Proposal for the PHY layer of IEEE802.15.3c in response to CFP 07/586r2.
• Targets the high data rates Requirements of TG3c (15-05-0353-07)– Up to 3 Gbps including overheads– 3 channels channelization– Suitable for integration in full CMOS
• Carefull analysis to reduce 60 GHz front-end impact
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 3
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
Criteria for good Air Interface
• Low cost
• Low power consumption
• Modest FE requirements
• Low channel equalization complexity
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 4
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
What is not in this presentation/proposal ?
• MAC impact or modifications
• Preamble/pilot design
• Specific mapping and/or coding scheme (e.g. unequal error protection) for the support of video
• We concentrate on the careful selection of the modulation/equalization scheme towards low cost, low power consumption and easy system-on-a-chip implementation
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 5
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
Air interface selection• Battery-powered terminal
• Power amplifier and DAC/ADC are critical power consumer
(Quasi-)constant envelope modulations
• LOS or NLOS, directional or omni-directional antennas
• Low-to-high multipath propagation
Optional CP forfrequency domain equalization
PSK-based: CP-M-PSK
CPM-based: CP-GMSK
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 6
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
CPI: Cyclic Prefix Insertion CPR: Cyclic Prefix Removal SC: Single-carrier FDE: Frequency Domain Equalizer
OFDM
SC solution
IFFT CPI Channel
Transmitter Receiver
CPR FFT FDE Demodulator
CPI Channel CPR FFT FDE DemodulatorIFFT
CPI Channel CPR DemodulatorSingle-tap equalizer
Channel DemodulatorSingle-tap equalizer
NLOS
LOS - option 1Receiver “decides”
LOS - option 2Transmitter “decides”
OFDM / SC-FDE / SC
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 7
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
Cyclic prefix addition• Complexity is negligible• Requires buffering of small part of the payload data• CP length is programmable (0, 1/32, 1/16, 1/8 and 1/4)• Midamble for CP-GMSK ensures phase continuity
Payloaddata N
CPN
CPN+1
Payloaddata N+1
Payloaddata N-1
For CP-M-PSK:
CPN
CPN+1
Payloaddata N+1
Payloaddata N-1
For CP-GMSK:
Payloaddata N
Midamble(4 bits)
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 8
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
M-PSK and CP-M-PSK Transmitter
Coding & Mapping
DAC
Add CP
2 Pulse shaping filter
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 9
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
M-PSK and CP-M-PSK Receiver
ADC
Remove CP
Digital filter 2
Single-tap time-domain equalizer
Freq-domain equalizer(FFT + equal. + IFFT)
Demapping & Decoding
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 10
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
GMSK and CP-GMSK Transmitter
Add CP and midamble
2Freq.
shaping filter
2πh
Phase Accum.
Look-up table.
Coding & Mapping
DAC
FM modulator
Carrier frequency spacing: 2.3 GHz
Can be approximated with QPSK like modulator
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 11
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
GMSK and CP-GMSK Receiver
ADC
Remove CP
Matched filter(1st Laurent pulse)
Equal.
Channel Decoding
Filter1st Laurent
PulseFFT IFFT
Midamble deletion
Detector
Soft / Hard
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 12
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
System parameters (1)
• CP-M-PSK– Block length: 512 symbols– CP length: 0, 16, 32, 64, 128 symbols– Maximum symbol rate: 1.667 Gsymb/s– Block duration: 307.2 ns (data) + 76.8 ns (CP)– TX filter roll-off: 0.2 BW = 2 GHz– Carrier spacing: (1+0.15)BW = 2.3 GHz– Bit rate (CP=25%, CR=3/4):
• BPSK: 1 Gbps• QPSK: 2 Gbps• 8-PSK: 3 Gbps
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 13
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
System parameters (2)
• CP-GMSK– Block length: 512 symbols– CP length: 0, 16, 32, 64, 128 symbols– Maximum symbol rate: 1.667 Gsymb/s– Block duration: 307.2 ns (data) + 76.8 ns (CP)– CPM pulse shape: Gaussian, length 3– Carrier spacing: (1+0.15)BW = 2.3 GHz– Bit rate (CP=25%, CR=3/4): 1 Gbps
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 14
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
System parameters (3)
Coded bit rate @ highest sample rate (3.333 Gsamples/s)
ModeBits per symbol
CPCode rate
Symbol rate (Gsymb/s)
Coded bit rate
(Gbit/s)BPSK / GMSK 0.50 0.83
0.67 1.110.75 1.250.50 0.670.67 0.890.75 1.00
QPSK 0.50 1.670.67 2.220.75 2.500.50 1.330.67 1.780.75 2.00
8-PSK 0.50 2.500.67 3.330.75 3.750.50 2.000.67 2.670.75 3.00
1
2
3
0
0.25
0
0.25
0
0.25
1.667
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 15
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
System parameters (4) - Scalability
x 1/4 x 1/4 x 1/4
ModeBits per symbol
CPCode rate
Symbol rate (Gsymb/s)
Coded bit rate
(Gbit/s)
Symbol rate (Msymb/s)
Coded bit rate
(Mbit/s)
Symbol rate (Msymb/s)
Coded bit rate
(Gbit/s)
Symbol rate (Msymb/s)
Coded bit rate
(Mbit/s)BPSK / GMSK 0.50 0.83 208 52 13
0.67 1.11 278 69 170.75 1.25 313 78 200.50 0.67 167 42 100.67 0.89 222 56 140.75 1.00 250 63 16
QPSK 0.50 1.67 417 104 260.67 2.22 556 139 350.75 2.50 625 156 390.50 1.33 333 83 210.67 1.78 444 111 280.75 2.00 500 125 31
8-PSK 0.50 2.50 625 156 390.67 3.33 833 208 520.75 3.75 938 234 590.50 2.00 500 125 310.67 2.67 667 167 420.75 3.00 750 188 47
FS-A FS-B FS-C FS-D
1
2
3
0
0.25
0
0.25
0
0.25
1.667 416.7 104.2 26.0
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 16
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
System parameters (5) – Frequency plan2.3 GHz
575 MHz
FS-A
FS-BFS-CFS-D
FS-B, FS-C and FS-D use same center frequencies
FS-B, FS-C and FS-D can exploit flat portion of spectrum diversity gain
Simple synthesizer design
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 17
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
PSDs
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 18
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
PSD of M-PSK before PA
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
f - Fc [GHz]
Av
era
ge
Po
we
r S
pe
ctr
um
[d
B]
Infinity Output BackOff
PSD at input of the receiver with ACI
PSD at input of the receiver without ACI
Carrier frequency spacing: 2.3 GHz
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 19
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
PSD of M-PSK after PA
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
f - Fc [GHz]
Av
era
ge
Po
we
r S
pe
ctr
um
[d
B]
Output BackOff = 5 dB
PSD at input of the receiver with ACI
PSD at input of the receiver without ACI
Carrier frequency spacing: 2.3 GHz
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 20
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
PSD of GMSK (before/after PA)
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
x 109
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
Frequency [GHz]
PS
D [
dB]
PSD of GMSK signal
3 adjascent channels
single channel
Carrier frequency spacing: 2.3 GHz
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 21
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
BER and PER performances
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 22
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
Modeled non-idealities (combined)
• PA: modified Rapp model– AM-AM: p = 1.1, G = 16 (12 dB)– AM-PM: q = 4.5, A = -885, B = 0.1665
• ADC:– Resolution:
• 5 bits ENOB for M-PSK• 4 bits ENOB for GMSK
– Clipping level: 2xVrms
• Phase noise:– -87 dBc/Hz– - 20 dB/dec from 1 MHz– -140 dBc/Hz floor
Δf (Hz)
-87 dBc/Hz
-140 dBc/Hz
-20 dB/decade
PSD(dBc/Hz)
1 MHz
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 23
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
Uncoded BER Performances
• Ideal case– CM13 – Single-tap time-domain equalizer (quasi LOS)– CM13 – Frequency-domain equalizer– CM23 – Frequency-domain equalizer– CM31 – Frequency-domain equalizer
• Combined non-idealities (PA + ADC + Phase noise (with tracking))– CM13 – Single-tap time-domain equalizer (quasi LOS)– CM13 – Frequency-domain equalizer– CM23 – Frequency-domain equalizer– CM31 – Frequency-domain equalizer
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 24
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
Uncoded BER, ideal front-end
0 5 10 15 20 2510
-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
Eb/N0 [dB]
BE
R
Uncoded, ideal, LOS13
CPM
QPSKBPSK
8-PSK
0 5 10 15 20 2510
-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
Eb/N0 [dB]
BE
R
Uncoded, ideal, cm13
CPM
QPSKBPSK
8-PSK
0 5 10 15 20 2510
-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
Eb/N0 [dB]
BE
R
Uncoded, ideal, cm23
CPM
QPSKBPSK
8-PSK
0 5 10 15 20 2510
-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
Eb/N0 [dB]
BE
R
Uncoded, ideal, cm31
CPM
QPSKBPSK
8-PSK
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 25
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
Uncoded BER, non-ideal front-end (PA, ADC and PN)
0 5 10 15 20 2510
-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
Eb/N0 [dB]
BE
R
Uncoded, nonideal, LOS13
CPM
QPSKBPSK
8-PSK
0 5 10 15 20 2510
-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
Eb/N0 [dB]
BE
R
Uncoded, nonideal, cm13
CPM
QPSKBPSK
8-PSK
0 5 10 15 20 2510
-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
Eb/N0 [dB]
BE
R
Uncoded, nonideal, cm23
CPM
QPSKBPSK
8-PSK
0 5 10 15 20 2510
-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
Eb/N0 [dB]
BE
R
Uncoded, nonideal, cm31
CPM
QPSKBPSK
8-PSK
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 26
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
GMSK and CP-GMSKSensitivity to non-idealities
0 5 10 15 20 2510
-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
Eb/N0 [dB]
BE
RCPM with and without nonidealities - uncoded.
cm13 no FDE -10%
cm13 -10% worstcm23 -10% worst
cm31 -10% worst
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 27
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
BPSK and CP-BPSKSensitivity to non-idealities
0 5 10 15 20 2510
-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
Eb/N0 [dB]
BE
RBPSK with and without nonidealities - uncoded.
cm13 no FDE -10%
cm13 -10% worstcm23 -10% worst
cm31 -10% worst
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 28
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
QPSK and CP-QPSKSensitivity to non-idealities
0 5 10 15 20 2510
-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
Eb/N0 [dB]
BE
RQPSK with and without nonidealities - uncoded.
cm13 no FDE -10%
cm13 -10% worstcm23 -10% worst
cm31 -10% worst
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 29
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
8-PSK and CP-8-PSKSensitivity to non-idealities
0 5 10 15 20 2510
-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
Eb/N0 [dB]
BE
R8-PSK with and without nonidealities - uncoded.
cm13 no FDE -10%
cm13 -10% worstcm23 -10% worst
cm31 -10% worst
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 30
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
Coded BER/PER Performances
• Ideal case– CM13 – Single-tap time-domain equalizer (quasi LOS)– CM13 – Frequency-domain equalizer– CM23 – Frequency-domain equalizer– CM31 – Frequency-domain equalizer
• Combined non-idealities (PA + ADC + Phase noise (with tracking))– CM13 – Single-tap time-domain equalizer (quasi LOS)– CM13 – Frequency-domain equalizer– CM23 – Frequency-domain equalizer– CM31 – Frequency-domain equalizer
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 31
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
Coded BER, ideal front-end
0 5 10 15 20 2510
-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
Eb/N0 [dB]
BE
R
Coded, BER, ideal, LOS13
CPM
QPSKBPSK
8-PSK
0 5 10 15 20 2510
-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
Eb/N0 [dB]
BE
R
Coded, BER, ideal, cm13
CPM
QPSKBPSK
8-PSK
0 5 10 15 20 2510
-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
Eb/N0 [dB]
BE
R
Coded, BER, ideal, cm23
CPM
QPSKBPSK
8-PSK
0 5 10 15 20 2510
-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
Eb/N0 [dB]
BE
R
Coded, BER, ideal, cm31
CPM
QPSKBPSK
8-PSK
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 32
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
Coded BER, non-ideal front-end (PA, ADC and PN)
0 5 10 15 20 2510
-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
Eb/N0 [dB]
BE
R
Coded, BER, nonideal, cm31
CPM
QPSKBPSK
8-PSK
0 5 10 15 20 2510
-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
Eb/N0 [dB]
BE
R
Coded, BER, nonideal, cm23
CPM
QPSKBPSK
8-PSK
0 5 10 15 20 2510
-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
Eb/N0 [dB]
BE
R
Coded, BER, nonideal, cm13
CPM
QPSKBPSK
8-PSK
0 5 10 15 20 2510
-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
Eb/N0 [dB]
BE
R
Coded, BER, nonideal, LOS13
CPM
QPSKBPSK
8-PSK
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 33
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
Coded PER, ideal front-end
0 5 10 15 20 2510
-3
10-2
10-1
100
Eb/N0 [dB]
PE
R
Coded, PER, ideal, cm31
CPM
QPSKBPSK
8-PSK
0 5 10 15 20 2510
-3
10-2
10-1
100
Eb/N0 [dB]
PE
R
Coded, PER, ideal, cm23
CPM
QPSKBPSK
8-PSK
0 5 10 15 20 2510
-3
10-2
10-1
100
Eb/N0 [dB]
PE
R
Coded, PER, ideal, cm13
CPM
QPSKBPSK
8-PSK
0 5 10 15 20 2510
-3
10-2
10-1
100
Eb/N0 [dB]
PE
R
Coded, PER, ideal, LOS13
CPM
QPSKBPSK
8-PSK
PER = 0.08 PER = 0.08
PER = 0.08PER = 0.08
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 34
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
Coded PER, non-ideal front-end (PA, ADC and PN)
0 5 10 15 20 2510
-3
10-2
10-1
100
Eb/N0 [dB]
PE
R
Coded, PER, nonideal, cm31
CPM
QPSKBPSK
8-PSK
0 5 10 15 20 2510
-3
10-2
10-1
100
Eb/N0 [dB]
PE
R
Coded, PER, nonideal, cm23
CPM
QPSKBPSK
8-PSK
0 5 10 15 20 2510
-3
10-2
10-1
100
Eb/N0 [dB]
PE
R
Coded, PER, nonideal, cm13
CPM
QPSKBPSK
8-PSK
0 5 10 15 20 2510
-3
10-2
10-1
100
Eb/N0 [dB]
PE
R
Coded, PER, nonideal, LOS13
CPM
QPSKBPSK
8-PSK
PER = 0.08 PER = 0.08
PER = 0.08PER = 0.08
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 35
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
Link budget, Sensitivity
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 36
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
Example link budget - BPSK
FrequencyCarrier frequency MHzbandwidth MHzroll-offTxTx power dBmTx antenna gain 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 dBChannelLOS loss 70.38 80.33 90.19 99.78 dBOxygen attenuation 0.02 0.07 0.21 0.62 dBRx antenna gain 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 dBThermal noise dBmRxNoise figure dBOther RX losses dBcoding ratecoding gain dBprocessing gain dB
SNR, Range, Bit rateSNR BPSK (BER = 1e-5) dBLink margin 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00Range 1.31 4.13 12.86 38.78 mCP Overhead %raw spectral efficiency (BPSK) bits/s/HzNet bit rate (LOS) bits/sNet bit rate (NLOS) bits/s
6000020000.2
0.751.250.00
1250
9.59
0.801.001000
10.00
-80.99
6.00-5.00
BPSK
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 37
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
Example link budget - QPSK
FrequencyCarrier frequency MHzbandwidth MHzroll-offTxTx power dBmTx antenna gain 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 dBChannelLOS loss 67.38 77.35 87.25 96.95 dBOxygen attenuation 0.01 0.05 0.15 0.45 dBRx antenna gain 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 dBThermal noise dBmRxNoise figure dBOther RX losses dBcoding ratecoding gain dBprocessing gain dB
SNR, Range, Bit rateSNR QPSK (BER = 1e-5) dBLink margin 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00Range 0.93 2.93 9.16 27.99 mCP Overhead %raw spectral efficiency (QPSK) bits/s/HzNet bit rate (LOS) bits/sNet bit rate (NLOS) bits/s
0.802.0020002500
0.00
12.60
6.00-5.000.751.25
10.00
-80.99
QPSK
6000020000.2
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 38
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
Example link budget – 8-PSK
FrequencyCarrier frequency MHzbandwidth MHzroll-offTxTx power dBmTx antenna gain 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 dBChannelLOS loss 62.23 72.22 82.16 91.99 dBOxygen attenuation 0.01 0.03 0.08 0.25 dBRx antenna gain 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 dBThermal noise dBmRxNoise figure dBOther RX losses dBcoding ratecoding gain dBprocessing gain dB
SNR, Range, Bit rateSNR 8-PSK (BER = 1e-5) dBLink margin 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00Range 0.51 1.62 5.10 15.82 mCP Overhead %raw spectral efficiency (8-PSK) bits/s/HzNet bit rate (LOS) bits/sNet bit rate (NLOS) bits/s
0.803.0030003750
0.00
17.75
6.00-5.000.751.25
10.00
-80.99
6000020000.2
8PSK
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 39
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
Range for different modes / antenna gains
Range for different antenna gain(2 GHz BW - NLOS)
0.10
1.00
10.00
100.00
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00
Antenna gain
Ra
ng
e BPSK/CPM 1 / 1.25 Gbps
QPSK 2 / 2.5 Gbps
8-PSK 3 / 3.75 Gbps
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 40
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
Sensitivity for all modes, all channelsEb/No (dB)
RX level (dBm)
Eb/No (dB)
RX level (dBm)
Bit rate (Gbit/s)
Sample rate (Gsps)
Bandwidth (GHz)
CPMCM13-LOS 6.5 -61.5 6.7 -61.3 1.25CM13-FD 9.5 -58.5 10.1 -57.9CM23-FD 12.9 -55.1 13.4 -54.6CM31-FD 12.2 -55.8 12.7 -55.3BPSKCM13-LOS 5.4 -62.6 6.2 -61.8 1.25CM13-FD 6.7 -61.3 7.2 -60.8CM23-FD 9.6 -58.4 10.1 -57.9CM31-FD 8.6 -59.4 8.8 -59.2QPSKCM13-LOS 5.4 -62.6 6.2 -61.8 2.50CM13-FD 6.7 -61.3 7.2 -60.8CM23-FD 10.3 -57.7 11.0 -57.0CM31-FD 9.2 -58.8 10.0 -58.08-PSKCM13-LOS 9.8 -58.2 11.2 -56.8 3.75CM13-FD 9.9 -58.1 11.2 -56.8CM23-FD 14.7 -53.3 16.6 -51.4CM31-FD 18.5 -49.5 inf inf
2.00
1.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
Ideal TRCVR Non-ideal TRCVR
3.333
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 41
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
Individual non-idealities
• Modeled for CM13-LOS and CM23
• Non-idealities:– PA– ADC– Phase noise compensated– “similar signal” in adjacent bands
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 42
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
PA effect
0 5 10 15 20 2510
-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
Eb/N0 [dB]
BE
R
BPSK Power Amplifier LOS and cm23
No PA
PA OBO 3dbPA OBO 5db
PA OBO 7db
0 5 10 15 20 2510
-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
Eb/N0 [dB]
BE
R
QPSK Power Amplifier LOS and cm23
No PA
PA OBO 3dbPA OBO 5db
PA OBO 7db
0 5 10 15 20 2510
-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
Eb/N0 [dB]
BE
R
8PSK Power Amplifier LOS and cm23
No PA
PA OBO 3dbPA OBO 5db
PA OBO 7db
CM23
LOS
CM23CM23
LOS
LOS5 dB back-off is enough
3 dB back-off is acceptable
CPM is unaffected
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 43
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
Effect of Phase noise
0 5 10 15 20 2510
-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
Eb/N0 [dB]
BE
R
BPSK Compensated Phase Noise LOS and cm23
No PN
Compensated PN -85 dBCompensated PN -87 dB
Compensated PN -90 dB
0 5 10 15 20 2510
-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
Eb/N0 [dB]
BE
R
CPM Compensated Phase Noise LOS and cm23
No PN
Compensated PN -85 dBCompensated PN -87 dB
Compensated PN -90 dB
0 5 10 15 20 2510
-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
Eb/N0 [dB]
BE
R
QPSK Compensated Phase Noise LOS and cm23
No PN
Compensated PN -85 dBCompensated PN -87 dB
Compensated PN -90 dB
0 5 10 15 20 2510
-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
Eb/N0 [dB]
BE
R
8PSK Compensated Phase Noise LOS and cm23
No PN
Compensated PN -85 dBCompensated PN -87 dB
Compensated PN -90 dB
CM23
LOS
CM23
LOS
CM23
LOS
CM23
LOS
-85 dBc/Hz is enough
-87 dBc/Hz preferred for 8-PSK
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 44
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
Effect of Adjacent channel interference
0 5 10 15 20 2510
-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
Eb/N0 [dB]
BE
R
BPSK Adjacent Channel Interference LOS and cm23
No interference
Interference 40 dBInterference 35 dB
Interference 30 dB
0 5 10 15 20 2510
-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
Eb/N0 [dB]
BE
R
CPM Adjacent Channel Interference LOS andcm23
No interference
Interference 40 dBInterference 35 dB
Interference 30 dB
0 5 10 15 20 2510
-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
Eb/N0 [dB]
BE
R
QPSK Adjacent Channel Interference LOS and cm23
No interference
Interference 40 dBInterference 35 dB
Interference 30 dB
0 5 10 15 20 2510
-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
Eb/N0 [dB]
BE
R
8PSK Adjacent Channel Interference LOS and cm23
No interference
Interference 40 dBInterference 35 dB
Interference 30 dB
CM23
LOS
CM23
LOS
CM23
CM23
LOS
LOS
+35 dB ACI is ok for most cases
+30 dB for 8-PSK
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 45
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
Effect of ADC (4 bits)
0 5 10 15 20 2510
-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
Eb/N0 [dB]
BE
R
BPSK ADC 4 bits clipping LOS and cm23
No clipping
Clipping 2 sigmaClipping 1.5 sigma
Clipping 1 sigma
0 5 10 15 20 2510
-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
Eb/N0 [dB]
BE
R
CPM ADC 4 bits clipping LOS and cm23
No clipping
Clipping 2 sigmaClipping 1.5 sigma
Clipping 1 sigma
0 5 10 15 20 2510
-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
Eb/N0 [dB]
BE
R
QPSK ADC 4 bits clipping LOS and cm23
No clipping
Clipping 2 sigmaClipping 1.5 sigma
Clipping 1 sigma
0 5 10 15 20 2510
-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
Eb/N0 [dB]
BE
R
8PSK ADC 4 bits clipping LOS and cm23
No clipping
Clipping 2 sigmaClipping 1.5 sigma
Clipping 1 sigma
CM23
LOS
CM23
LOS
CM23
CM23
LOS
LOS
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 46
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
Effect of ADC (5 bits)
0 5 10 15 20 2510
-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
Eb/N0 [dB]
BE
R
BPSK ADC 5 bits clipping LOS and cm23
No clipping
Clipping 2 sigmaClipping 1.5 sigma
Clipping 1 sigma
0 5 10 15 20 2510
-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
Eb/N0 [dB]
BE
R
CPM ADC 5 bits clipping LOS and cm23
No clipping
Clipping 2 sigmaClipping 1.5 sigma
Clipping 1 sigma
0 5 10 15 20 2510
-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
Eb/N0 [dB]
BE
R
QPSK ADC 5 bits clipping LOS and cm23
No clipping
Clipping 2 sigmaClipping 1.5 sigma
Clipping 1 sigma
0 5 10 15 20 2510
-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
Eb/N0 [dB]
BE
R
8PSK ADC 5 bits clipping LOS and cm23
No clipping
Clipping 2 sigmaClipping 1.5 sigma
Clipping 1 sigma
CM23
LOS
CM23
LOS
CM23
CM23
LOS
LOS
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 47
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
Effect of ADC (3 bits)
0 5 10 15 20 2510
-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
Eb/N0 [dB]
BE
R
CPM ADC 3 bits clipping LOS and cm23
No clipping
Clipping 2 sigmaClipping 1.5 sigma
Clipping 1 sigma
CM23
LOS
For CPM and BPSK, 3 bits is ok
For QPSK 4 bits is ok
For 8-PSK, 5 bits is needed in multipath
0 5 10 15 20 2510
-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
Eb/N0 [dB]
BE
R
BPSK ADC 3 bits clipping LOS and cm23
No clipping
Clipping 2 sigmaClipping 1.5 sigma
Clipping 1 sigma
CM23
LOS
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 48
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
Impact of ADC on SC and OFDM
0 5 10 15 20 2510
-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
Average Eb/N0 [dB]
BE
R
Sensitivity to ADC clipping and quantization error -cm13
OFDM-16QAM IdealOFDM-16QAM-ENOB =5
OFDM-8PSK-ideal
OFDM-8PSK-ENOB =5
SC-8PSK-IdealSC-8PSK-ENOB =5
Baseband sample rate = 3.333 Gsps for the 3 modes
• SC-8PSK: 3 Gbits/s
• OFDM-8PSK: 2.4 Gbits/s
• OFDM-16QAM: 3.2 Gbits/s
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 49
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
Impact of PA on SC and OFDM
Baseband sample rate = 3.333 Gsps for the 3 modes
• SC-8PSK: 3 Gbits/s
• OFDM-8PSK: 2.4 Gbits/s
• OFDM-16QAM: 3.2 Gbits/s
0 5 10 15 20 2510
-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
Average Eb/N0 [dB]
BE
R
Sensitivity to PA Nonlinearity - cm13
OFDM-16QAM IdealOFDM-16QAM-OBO =5 dB
OFDM-8PSK-ideal
OFDM-8PSK-OBO =5 dB
SC-8PSK-IdealSC-8PSK-OBO =5 dB
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 50
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
Manufacturability
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 51
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
Zero-IF Transceiver
LNA
Q
I
LOI
LOQ
ADC
Frequencysynthesizer
Downconversionmixer
Tunable activelowpass filter
Variablegain
amplifier
PA PPA
Upconversionmixer
DAC
DAC
ADC
Tunable activelowpass filter
Q
I
LOI
LOQ
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 52
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
Analog Transceiver power consumption
45 nm CMOS process
(External PA in other technology)
Transceiver for (CP-)M-PSK and CP-GMSK
10 dBm output
Receiver # circuitsConsumption
per circuit (mW)
Total consumption
(mW)
LNA 1 10 10downconversion mixer 2 10 20frequency synthesizer 1 75 75variable gain amplifier 2 10 20active lowpass filter 2 30 60analog-to-digital converter (5-bit) 2 25 50total RX 235
Transmitter
digital-to-analog converter (DAC) 2 10 20active lowpass filter 2 15 30upconversion mixer 2 10 20power preamplifier (PPA) 1 10 10external power amplifier 1 300 300frequency synthesizer 1 75 75total TX 455
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 53
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
Analog Transceiver power consumption
45 nm CMOS process
Transceiver for (CP-)GMSK
4dBm output
Receiver # circuitsConsumption
per circuit (mW)
Total consumption
(mW)LNA 1 10 10downconversion mixer 2 10 20frequency synthesizer 1 75 75variable gain amplifier 2 10 20active lowpass filter 2 30 60analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 2 13 25total RX 210
Transmitterdigital-to-analog converter (DAC) 2 10 20active lowpass filter 2 15 30upconversion mixer 2 10 20power preamplifier (PPA) 1 10 10frequency synthesizer 1 75 75total TX 155
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 54
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
Digital Receivers power consumption
45 nm CMOS process
(channel estimation, synchronization not included)
GMAC/s Power Clock AreaCP-GMSK (FDE) receiver 166 66 mW 600 MHz 0.4 mm2GMSK (LOS) receiver 40 19 mW 600 MHz 0.1 mm2CP-M-PSK receiver 104 52 mW 600 MHz 0.26 mm2M-PSK (LOS) receiver 37 18 mW 600 MHz 0.1 mm2Viterbi (K=7) 192 80 mW 600 MHz 0.5 mm2
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 55
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
Conclusion (1)
• Single carrier modulation can flexibly cope with LOS and non-LOS channels
• Avoids PAPR problem of OFDM low cost, low power ADC and PA
• CPM (GMSK) is overall winner in LOS case (ADC 3 bits, 0 dB back-off)
• CPM is easily combined in DSP architecture• M-PSK modes provide higher rates and
multipath resistance with FDE
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 56
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
Conclusion
• Single-carrier approach is easily upgradable to higher constellations (QAM)
• Two classes of devices possible:– For LOS scenarios (simple receiver)– For NLOS scenarios (frequency domain equalizer)
• Easy manufacturability in cheap 45 nm CMOS processes
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 57
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
Back-up Slides
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 58
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
CPM parameters reminder
log2M bits/symbol
Pulse shape and length
(rect, raised cos, gaussian, …)
[Anderson, “Digital Phase Modulation”, 1986, Springer (Plenum Press)]
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 59
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
Achieving spectral efficiency with CPM
3COS,M=4,h=0.25Good spectral performance
3COS,M=2,h=0.5Low complexity
3COS,M=4,h=0.5 Good error performance
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 60
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
OFDM vs SC
IFFT CPI Channel CPR FFT FDE
IFFTCPI Channel CPR FFT FDE
Detection
Detection
Transmitter Receiver
CPI: Cyclic Prefix InsertionCPR: Cyclic Prefix RemovalFDE: Frequency Domain Equalizer
OFDM
SC-FDE
IFFT CPI Channel CPR FFT FDE
IFFTCPI Channel CPR FFT FDE
Detection
Detection
Transmitter Receiver
CPI: Cyclic Prefix InsertionCPR: Cyclic Prefix RemovalFDE: Frequency Domain Equalizer
OFDM
SC-FDE
Payloadsymbols
Cyclic prefix
Payloadsymbols
Cyclic prefix
Payloadsymbols
Payloadsymbols
OFDM
SC-FDECP or Known symbols
CP or Known symbols
Payloadsymbols
Cyclic prefix
Payloadsymbols
Cyclic prefix
Payloadsymbols
Payloadsymbols
OFDM
SC-FDECP or Known symbols
CP or Known symbols
7 May 2007
André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 61
doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c
Submission
Double CP and FFT length for CM31
0 5 10 15 20 2510
-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
Eb/N0 [dB]
BE
R8-PSK without nonidealities - uncoded
cm13 no FDEcm13 no FDE -10%
cm13
cm13 -10% worst
cm23cm23 -10% worst
cm31
cm31 -10% worst
dcp cm31dcp cm31 -10% worst