DOC Case Studies

7/30/2019 DOC Case Studies

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Case studies

Examples of design beingused to tackle crime problemsaround the world


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Contents

Introduction2 Introduction4 Case study overviews

Case studies in detail16 Anti-theft number plates16 An anti-terrorist rubbish bin18 Barclays London Cycle Hire scheme19 Bikeoff20 Biometric security21 Birmingham Heartlands Hospital22 Britania Mills24 The Camden Bench25 Cashpoint Art Safety Zones26 Hulme Park27 Immobilise: online security service28 Living Laneways, Sydney28 MADE youth shelters31 No Climbin31 Orange projectors32 Parksafe Systems33 Stop Thief Chair and Grippa Clips34 Theft prevention, UTS Campus35 Villiers High School,

Platforum Playground

37 Ushahidi39 Endnotes


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Beyond the immediate scope o DesignOut Crime, designers all over the worldare inding ingenious addresses to crimeproblems. The examples describedhere show just how diverse this ieldo activity can be, with highly eectivesolutions coming rom product,communication and service designand design or the built environment.

Productdesign

Communicaiondesign

Design or the benvironment

Servicedesign

Introduction


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Product design

Anti-thet number plates

How do you make a product more securewhen it needs to be constant ly on show?One answer might be to build it so itbreaks i its moved.

Stolen number plates are used in a range vehicle crimes, including the sale otolen cars, avoidance o congestion, tollr parking charges and speeding.

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Product design/design for the built environment

An anti-terroristrubbish bin

Terrorism was actually just one o theactors that had to be considered in designo a new rubbish bin or train stations.The result shows how a wide range ounctional and aesthetic concerns can bemet by a single, well thought-out design.

In 2009 the Designing Out Crimeresearch centre (DOC) at the Universityo Technology, Sydney, was approached

to design a rubbish bin or use on NSWtrain stations. The clients were RailCorp,the government corporation managingSydneys rail stations, and the New SouthWales Police, Counter-Terrorism unit.

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Service design/product design/design for the built environment

Barclays London CycleHire scheme

The Barclays Cycle Hire (BCH) schemewas introduced in 2010 to give London

residents and visitors a readily accessiblesustainable transport option. To do thatsuccessully, it had to ind some smartways o deterring thet. Fortunately, it hada 50-year history o innovation to draw on.

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Product design/design for the built environm

Bikeo

Design can not only be used to products more thet-proo direit can also be a way o improvinsecurity measure. Bike lock-uphave become more secure throuobservation o how people use thow criminals abuse them and locking could be made easier.

80,000 bikes were stolen in Londuring 2005/06. 17% o cyclisthad a bike stolen and 24% o thstopped cycling altogether.

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Case stuCase study overviews


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Product design

Biometric security

These days, hot products like mobilehones, GPS and computers can beecured at the touch o a ingerprint.

Designing in security at the start o anew product development process ismore eective than adding it on later.

Unlocking your mobile phone bycanning your ingerprint is not a thing science iction. Its an everyday realityor millions o mobile phone users, thereatest proportion o whom live in Asia.

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Design for the built environment

Britannia MillsThe design o Britannia Mills, the irstresidential scheme in Castleord, anindustrial part o Manchester, has led tomore residential development and a saereel to the new industrial suburb. Thesuccess o the project is due, at least inpart, to the conscious thought given by itsdesigners to crime prevention measures.

As the government is pushed one wayby the need to ind land or new housing

and the other way by the environmentallobby who want to stop the developmento greenield sites, there really is onlyone way to go to land designated orindustrial use, so-called brownield sites.

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Design for the built environm

The Camden Bench

City Centre benches can be macrime and antisocial behaviourthieves, rough sleepers, problem

graiti and skateboarders. In socentral London areas, virtuallystreet benches had to be removeto residents complaints. It was a new approach.

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BirminghamHeartlands Hospital

Designing a space to make it more securedoesnt have to mean access controls, razorwire and bullet proo glass. Improvingwayinding and signage and promotinglevels o natural surveillance rather thanCCTV made the A&E department o ahospital in Birmingham a saer place towork and visit.

As part o the Saer Hospitals Projectmanaged by the Home Oice ScientiicDevelopment Branch (HOSDB), aUK treasury unded in itiative undedwithin the Invest to Save Budget scheme,Birmingham Heartlands Hospital

undertook a project to reduce crimeand ear o crime in its Accident andEmergency department through theapplication o integrated systems andinnovative technology.

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Hulme ParkCompleted in 2000 ater a period ocollaboration with local people, HulmePark was o immediate beneit to acommunity where many lived in socialhousing and needed somewhere to enjoyopen space and eel sae while they did.

Parks make a dierence in a city centre,potentially providing havens o peaceand relaxation. Unortunately, theyalso requently become sites o crime,antisocial behaviour and bullying.

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Service design

Immobilise: onlinesecurity service

As digital transactions become more andmore commonplace, digital ownershiphas also become viable, with productsprotected via inormation sharing networks.

It can be di icult to trace the ownero stolen hot products. Since 2003,Immobilise, a product registration systemsupported by the National Mobile Phone

Crime Unit, has been operating a securedatabase system that allows anyone toprotect their property by registeringonline any valuables that have a uniqueserial number.

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Cashpoint Art Saety Zones

When the Metropolitan Police,Hammersmith approached the DesignAgainst Crime Research CentreDACRC) at the University o Arts

London in 2010 or help in dealing withpickpockets, the DACRC team lookedideways rom traditional securityolutions and proposed a collaboration

with artist Steve Russell to help indnew and creative ways o in luencingbehaviour around ATMs.

Police at Hammersmith were experiencingproblems with pickpockets and baghieves. PC Paul Trueman consulted

DACRC because Proessor LorraineGamman, who directs the Centre,had worked closely with businesses aswell as crime prevention and creativeproessionals. When she learned abouthe nature o the crimes in Hammersmith,

he suggested it might be worth trialling aersion o the cashpoint saety zones with

which a Manchester 2007 police pilot hadhad success, but bringing a more aestheticensibility to the idea.

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Design for the built environm

Living Laneways, SyToo oten, measures against cri

antisocial behaviour can have aunpleasant an eect on an envias the things they aim to prevenapproach being proposed in Sysuggests upliting alternatives.

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Over 100,000 bikes were stolen across

the UK last year; less than 5 per cent

were returned as the Police were unable

to trace the owner.

Register the ownership details of your bike

and make them viewable to the Police

nationwideFREE for life on the Immobilise

Property Register.

LandscapeProjects,

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MADE youth shelters

The Crime and Disorder Act o 1998

nd the emergence o the concept ontisocial behaviour has meant thatdistracting groups o young peoplerom behaving in a threatening manner

has become a big priority or manyocal councils. This oten takes theorm o hastily installed ready-madeonstructions or young people toongregate in: so-called youth shelters,

which are generally made rom metalubing and have no walls or lighting.

n the West Midlands MADEMidlands Architecture and the

Designed Environment) wanted tohange this approach. MADE is theegional architecture centre or the

West Midlands. It osters and promotesxcellence in the designed environment

by raising peoples aspirations andncreasing their ownership o the

buildings around them. The processesnd outcomes o public engagement areentral to MADE, which uses them to raisehe design agenda, in luence proessional

practice and increase design excellence.

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Product design

Orange projectors:Security with colour

Designing a product to be make it moresecure doesnt have to mean itting locksand chains. Design can sometimes evenmake a product more secure by meanso aesthetics alone.

The thet o inormation andcommunications technology ( ICT)equipment rom schools is widespread

and costly. Projectors are especiallyprone to thet, with one local authorityestimating that the cost o replacingprojector equipment ran to 200,000in a single year.

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Product design

No Climbin

In 2006, there were 261, 895reported incidents o unlawul entryand burglary in Australia. As sheconducted research into why burglarywas such a big problem, Jenny Loqvist,a design student at Gri ith University,ound that wheelie bins were oten usedto climb into open windows and balconieson the irst storey. Loqvist decided tomake them less useul to criminals.

For the 2008 Design Out CrimeProduct Design Awards, contributedby the Oice o Crime Prevention oWA and Curtin University o Technology,Loqvist developed an idea or a No

Climbin wheelie bin. Ater doing 2Dorm studies I then went on to conducting3D orm studies in the workshop, whichurther helped me develop a suitable ormor a non-climbable bin, says Loqvist.

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Service design/design for the built environm

Parksae Systems

In 1998 the irst Parksae Systecar park opened in Derby. Desiand technology created a crimecar park that could then be replat two urther Parksae sites.

Imagine you come home rom abroad. You walk to your car inmultistorey airport car park. Yosee it at irst, though you spot a

car with a smashed windscreendashboard all ripped out. Thenon you. This is your car!

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Case stud0 Case study overviews


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Product design

Stop Thie Chair andGrippa Clips

How do you ensure bags are sae in barsnd cas without installing intrusiveecurity measures that destroy the relaxedtmosphere? A pilot study in Londonuggests that some simple, unobtrusivend attractive design interventions can

make a real dierence.

The Stop Thie Chair and GrippaClips are designs to help bar and caustomers take care o their bags and

protect them rom thieving ingers.The bag-holding slot at the ront o thehairs allows straps to be sat on, with

bags hanging saely below the chair.This enables the user to make the most `deensible space, eortlessly using

body consciousness to help protectbelongings. Similarly the Grippa Clipsre designed to secure bags to table edges

r vertical suraces, where they can beasily seen. The Grippa makes it easy or

users to hang bags securely, but demandsmore conspicuous action to release

hem, making li e awkward or thieves.

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Villiers High School,Platorum Playground

Villiers High School in Southall had1,300 students who were meant tospend every lunchtime outside in a1,750 square metre space with littleto distract them except cultural andpersonal dierences. Violence laredregularly and the students themselveswanted to do something about it.

The school has a ocus on design andtechnology and students had already

watched a designer at work when ClaraGaggero, a student in industrial designand engineering at the Royal College oArt, included them in the testing o herprototype digital playground.

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Service design

Ushahidi

Ushahidi is a website that was dto map reports o violence in Keater the post-election allout atbeginning o 2008. Being able twhere disturbances, crimes andevents are happening is an impway to coordinate inormation news sources as well as local pe

A new Ushahidi engine has beeusing the lessons learned rom Kto create a platorm that allows

around the world to set up theirway to gather reports by mobileemail and the web and map ththat other people can see whereare occurring.

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Communication design/product design

Thet prevention,UTS Campus

In a recent change, UTS City CampusLibrary, Sydney, has begun to admit thegeneral public. Unortunately, this has ledto an increase in thets. How could designdeter this, without the new open accesspolicy being rescinded?

Laptops are the primary targets as well

as any unattended belongings with highprice values. `Seven laptop thets werereported within the UTS library injust one month, a UTS Security Stamember reported.

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2 Case study overviews Case stud


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Endnotes

1. http://www.thamesvalley.police.uk/crprev/crprev-auto/crprev-auto-protectvehicle/crprev-auto-

protectvehicle-numberplate.htm

2. Dale, Amy, Withdrawn orear o terror attacks at 2000Olympic Games, rubbish binsto return to rail stations, DailyTelegraph, 22 December 2009http://www.dailytelegraph.

com.au/travel/withdrawn-

or-ear-o-terror-attacks-at-2000-olympic-games-rubbish-

bins-to-return-to-rail-stations/

story-e6rezhr-1225812561417NSW Government, Binsto Return to Sydney TrainStations (press release), 2

November 2010.

3. Mintel, 2010.

4. Ibid.

5. Transport Research Laboratory,1997.

6. Crime in England and Wales2008/2009, Sian Moley,Property Crime http://rds.homeofce.gov.uk/rds/pds09/

hosb1109chap4.pd

7. Department o the Environmenttransport and Regions. 07/97:Supply and demand or cycleparking.

8. DACRC is unded 2010-11 by Camden to create aDiagnosis Tool or assesment ourther ASB-resistant seatingopportunities in the borough.See pp.28-31 ohttp://www.keepbritaintidy.org/ImgLibrary/

Evidence%20Paper%20Two_1728.pd

9. See pp.28-31 ohttp://www.keepbritaintidy.org/ImgLibrary/

Evidence%20Paper%20

Two_1728.pd

10. Holt, T. And Spencer, J.(2005) A Little Yellow Box:The Targeting o AutomaticTeller Machines as a Strategy

in Reducing Street Robbery.Crime Prevention andCommunity Saety: AnInternational Journal, 7: 15-28.

11. ATMs frst came into use inDecember 1972 in the UK;the IBM 2984 was designedat the request o Lloyds Bank.The 2984 CIT (Cash IssuingTerminal) was the frst trueCashpoint, similar in unctionto todays machines; Cashpointis still a registered trademark oLloyds TSB in the UK. The frstdocument use o a Cashpointhowever, appears to have Tokyoin 1968 see Instant Cash viaCredit Cards, ABA BankingJournal, p. 99, January 1967.

12. Polish design frst biometriccashpoint dispenser March2010 see: http://www.independent.co.uk/lie-style/

house-and-home/polish-bank-claims-europes-frstbiometric-

cash-point-1971507.html

13. Ekblom, P. (2011) CrimePrevention, Security andCommunity Saety using the5Is Framework. Basingstoke:Palgrave Macmillan. http://www.independent.co.uk/lie-style/

house-and-home/polish-bank-

claims-europes-frstbiometric-

cash-point-1971507.html

38 Endnotes


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The Home Offices Design & TechnologyAlliance Against Crime has brought togetherindustry, the public sector, designers andcrime prevention experts to create theDesign Out Crime programme.Aiming to develop design-led ideas for crime-

proofing products, businesses and communities,the programme has worked on five priority areas:

AlcoholFinding design-led approaches to reduce the harmcaused by alcohol-related antisocial and criminalbehaviour, especially assaults in pubs and clubs.

BusinessUsing design to help minimise crimes such as

shoplifting and retail theft that affect businesses,their customers and their employees.

Communities and housingEmbedding design-led approaches to helpcommunities become safer by reducing crimeand the opportunities for it to occur.

Hot productsDeveloping innovations in technology, servicesand product design that help make personalelectronics more crime-proof.

SchoolsUnderstanding the crime problems such asbullying, fighting and petty theft that affectyoung people in schools so that effectivedesign solutions can be created.

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