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1. 3. 2. 4. 5. DO NOW…. Which liquid has the highest density?. least dense 1 < 3 < 5 < 2 < 4 most dense. Coussement, DeSchepper, et al. , Brain Strains Power Puzzles 2002, page 16. Brick. Styrofoam. Density is an INTENSIVE property of matter. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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DO NOW….Which liquid has the highest density?
52
3
1
4
Coussement, DeSchepper, et al. , Brain Strains Power Puzzles 2002, page 16
least dense 1 < 3 < 5 < 2 < 4 most dense
• Density is an INTENSIVEINTENSIVE propertyproperty of matter.
- does NOT depend on quantity of matter.
-Examples: color, melting point, boiling point, odor, density
• DIFFERENT THAN EXTENSIVE propertiesEXTENSIVE properties
- depends on quantity of matter.- mass, volume, length
Styrofoam Brick Gold
Density
M = DV
D = M V
V = M DD
M
Vensity
ass
olume
The heaviest human brain ever recorded had a mass of 2.3kg. How many micrograms is that?
2.3 kg 1000 g 1 x 106 µg =
1 kg 1 g
2.3 x 109 µg
The density of lead is 11.34 g/cm3. Find the density of lead in kg/m3
11.34 g 1 kg 100 cm 100 cm 100 cm = cm3 1000 g 1 m 1m 1m
11,340 kg m3
The average concentration of testosterone in the blood of a male in his twenties is 550 nanograms per deciliter. How many grams per cubic centimeter does this concentration represent?
550 ng 1 g 10 dL 1 L 1 mL = dL 1 x 10 9 ng 1 L 1000 mL 1 cm3
5.5 x 10-9 g cm3
Density of Some Common Substances
Density of Some Common Substance
Substance Density (g / cm3)
Air 0.0013* Lithium 0.53 Ice 0.917 Water 1.00 Aluminum 2.70 Iron 7.86 Lead 11.4 Gold 19.3
Density of Some Common Substance
Substance Density (g / cm3)
Air 0.0013* Lithium 0.53 Ice 0.917 Water 1.00 Aluminum 2.70 Iron 7.86 Lead 11.4 Gold 19.3
*at 0oC and 1 atm pressure
Consider Equal MassesEqual masses……but unequal volumes.
The object with the larger volume (aluminum cube) has the density.
aluminum
gold
Dorin, Demmin, Gabel, Chemistry The Study of Matter , 3rd Edition, 1990, page 71
smaller
Christopherson Scales
Made in Normal, Illinois USA
Comparing Densities (g/cm3)
Jaffe, New World of Chemistry, 1955, page 66
0.90.25
water 1.0
ice
cork
aluminum
2.7
Density Practice Problems
1. What is the density of carbon dioxide gas if 0.196 g occupies a volume of 100. mL?
0.196 g
100. mL 1.96 x 10-3 g/mL
D = M V
Density Practice Problems2. An irregularly shaped stone has a
volume of 5.0 mL. The density of the stone is 1.75 g/mL. What is the mass of this stone?
1.75 g/mL x 5.0 mL 8.8 g
M = D x V
Density Practice Problems
3. A sample of iron has a mass of 94 g and a density of 7.8 g/cm3. What is the volume of the iron?
94 g
7.8 g/cm3 12 cm3
V = M D
SI Prefixesmega- 1,000,000
kilo- 1,000
deci- 1/10
centi- 1/100
milli- 1/1,000
micro- 1/1,000,000
Also know…
1 mL = 1 cm3
Practice Measuring
4.5 cm
4.54 cm
3.0 cm
Timberlake, Chemistry 7th Edition, page 7
cm0 1 2 3 4 5
cm0 1 2 3 4 5
cm0 1 2 3 4 5
20
10
15 mL ?
15.0 mL
Scientific Notation
Calculating with scientific notation (5.44 × 107 g) = ??
(8.1 × 104 mol)
5.44 EEEE ÷÷7 8.1
= 671.6049383 = 670 g/mol = 6.7 × 102 g/mol
Type on your calculator:
Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem
EEEE ==4
Scientific Notation
Converting into scientific notation:
Move decimal until there’s 1 digit to its left. Places moved = exponent.
Large # (>1) positive exponentSmall # (<1) negative exponent
Only include sig. figs.
65,000 kg 6.5 × 104 kg
Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem
Scientific Notation
2,400,000 g
0.00256 kg
7 10-5 km
6.2 104 mm
Practice Problems
2.4 106 g
2.56 10-3 kg
0.00007 km
62,000 mmCourtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem
Significant figures: Rules for zeros
Leading zeros are not significant.
Captive zeros are significant.
Trailing zeros are significant, only IF there is a decimal point somewhere in the number.
Leading zeroLeading zero
Captive zeroCaptive zero
Trailing zeroTrailing zero
0.421
4012
114.20
– three significant figures
– four significant figures
– five significant figures
11,420 – four significant figures
Other Ways of Thinking About Significant Figures…
All digits are significant EXCEPT…
Leading zeros -- 0.0025
Trailing zeros without a decimal point -- 2,500
Pacific Ocean = “Present” and Atlantic Ocean = “Absent”
(ask about this one in class )Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem
Significant Figures
Calculating with Sig Figs (con’t)
Exact Numbers do not limit the # of sig figs in the answer.Counting numbers: 12 studentsExact conversions: 1 m = 100 cm
Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem
Significant Figures
Calculating with Sig Figs
Multiply/Divide - The # with the fewest sig figs determines the # of sig figs in the answer.
(13.91g/cm3)(23.3cm3) = 324.103g
324 g
4 SF 3 SF 3 SF
Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem
Significant Figures
Calculating with Sig Figs
Add/Subtract - The # with the fewest places after the decimal point determines the # of sig figs in the answer.
Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem
18.9 g
- 0.84 g
18.1 g18.06 g
Significant Figures
(15.30 g) ÷ (6.4 mL)
Practice Problems
= 2.390625 g/mL
18.1 g
18.9 g
- 0.84 g18.06 g
4 SF 2 SF
2.4 g/mL2 SF
Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem